Search

Introduction Women and men experience sleep differently and the difference in intrinsic desire for sleep might underlie some of the observed male-female differences. The objective of this cross-sectional questionnaire study of university students was to determine male-female differences in self-reported sleepiness and sleep-wake patterns. Methods Five questionnaires were completed by 1650 students at four Russian universities. Results Compared to male students, female students reported a lower subjective sleep quality score, had a higher morning sleepability score and lower nighttime and daytime wakeability scores. They more often reported excessive daytime sleepiness and expected to be sleepier at any time of the day with the largest male-female difference around the times of sleep onset and offset. On free days, they reported a longer sleep duration and an earlier sleep onset. Free-weekday difference was larger for sleep duration and smaller for sleep onset. Such male-female differences showed similarity to the differences observed in university and high school students from different countries around the globe. There was no significant male-female difference in weekly averaged sleep duration, weekday sleep duration, hours slept, midpoint of sleep on free days, free-weekday difference in sleep offset, social jetlag, and morningness-eveningness score. Therefore, when studies rely on these self-reports, the most salient male-female differences might not be immediately evident. Conclusions It seems that the intrinsic desire for longer sleep duration might contribute to a higher susceptibility of female students to weekday sleep loss. Among these students, negative effects of reduced sleep duration might be more common and more detrimental.

The efforts to link the individual differences in personality to the individual differences in sleep-wake behavior have a long history. One of the topics of such research might be to determine the strength of association between these two domains of individual variation. This requires the implementation of several inventories designed for integrative multidimensional assessments of a set of broad personality traits and a set of sleep-wake behavioral traits. Four independent samples were collected (in total, 759 individuals) for estimating general overlap between the domains of individual variation in personality psychology and chronobiology. Canonical correlation analyses provided the estimates of general overlap of six broad personality traits assessed with the 172-word RCIP (Rugby Cake Inventory of Personality) with six distinct sleep-wake adaptabilities assessed with the 72-item SWPAQ (Sleep-Wake Pattern Assessment Questionnaire) and the SWAT (Sleep-Wake Adaptability Test) in two, the 60- and 168-item, versions. It was demonstrated that general overlap between individual variation in two domains was significant and replicable albeit rather weak (6%–8%). Moreover, regression analyses of specific overlaps of each of six scales for assessing sleep-wake adaptability with a set of six scales for personality assessment suggested that a score on any of adaptability scales seemed to be a significant predictor of, at least, one of six scores on personality trait scales. Studies in other tongues are desired for the replication of the results indicating the statistically significant general and specific overlaps between personality traits and sleep-wake adaptabilities.

Under national "lockdown," the habitual late risers need not wake up early, and, similarly to the early risers, they don't lose much sleep on weekdays. We tested whether, despite a decrease in weekday sleep loss, the difference between distinct chronotypes in health and sleep problems persisted during "lockdown." Two online surveys were conducted from 10th to 20th of May, 2020 and 2021, one of them after 6 non-working weeks and another after 14 working weeks (during and after "lockdown," respectively). Participants were students of the same grade at the same university department (572 and 773, respectively). The self-assessments included the Single-Item Chronotyping (SIC) designed for self-choosing chronotype among several their short descriptions and several questions about general health, mood state, outdoors and physical activity, and sleep concerns. The results suggested that the responses to each of the questions were not randomly distributed over 6 distinct chronotypes. Such a nonrandomness was identified within each of three pairs of these chronotypes, evening vs. morning types (with a rising throughout the day vs. a falling level of alertness, respectively), afternoon vs. napping types (with a peak vs. a dip of alertness in the afternoon, respectively), and vigilant vs. lethargic types (with the levels of alertness being permanently high vs. low, respectively). Morning, afternoon, and vigilant types reported healthier sleep/mood/behavior/habits than three other types. The most and the least healthy sleep/mood/behavior/habits were reported by morning and evening types, respectively. These relationships with health and sleep problems and the frequencies of 6 chronotypes remained unchanged after "lockdown." Such results, in particular, suggested that the association of evening types with poorer health and sleep might not be attributed to a big amount of weekday sleep loss. The accounting for this association might help in designing interventions purposed on reduction of sleep and health problems.

To identify the differences in eating behavior, sleep self-assessment and personality traits in students with extreme chronotypes.Students (Higher neuroticism, psychoticism and anxiety, low resistance to stress, reduced quality and hygiene of sleep with increased daytime sleepiness are found in people with evening preferences in comparison with the morning chronotype. Eating behavior according to TFEQ-R18 is characterized by a lack of cognitive restraint. The results may indicate preclinical health disorders, which are affected by lifestyle factors. The number of alcohol consumers and smokers is two and more than three times higher, respectively, among students with evening chronotype. The changes identified in people with evening chronotype require additional attention to student's health.Выявить среди студентов крайних хронотипов различия в пищевом поведении, самооценке сна и их связь с некоторыми психологическими чертами личности.Обследованы 350 соматически здоровых студентов вузов в возрасте от 17 до 23 лет с крайними хронотипами. Оценивали пищевое поведение по трехфакторному тесту питания (TFEQ — R18), проводили самооценку состояния цикла сон—бодрствование (качество сна, гигиена сна, дневная сонливость) и исследовали психофизиологические различия (опросник Айзенка (EPQ); тесты тревожности Спилбергера—Ханина и Дж. Тейлор; тест Стресс).Обнаружено, что у лиц с вечерними предпочтениями в сравнении с утренним хронотипом повышены показатели нейротизма, психотизма, тревожности по Тейлору и Спилбергеру, снижена устойчивость к стрессу, снижены показатели качества и гигиены сна на фоне роста дневной сонливости. Пищевое поведение вечернего хронотипа, по данным TFEQ — R18, характеризовалось недостаточным когнитивным сдерживанием. Полученные данные могут свидетельствовать о доклинических нарушениях здоровья, что ухудшается факторами образа жизни. Среди студентов с вечерним хронотипом число употреблявших алкоголь выше в 2 раза, а куривших больше чем в 3 раза. Обнаруженные изменения у лиц с вечерним хронотипом требуют дополнительного внимания к здоровью студенческой молодежи.

According to the authors, rationing the age-related EEG parameters in children should be based on personal psychical characteristics. A comparative analysis of personal psychical characteristics and electroencephalographic data was carried out in 300 apparently healthy children aged 3-15 years. According to this principle, two subgroups of conditionally healthy children in each age group were singled out: 1) with an immature attention function and 2) with an increased anxious background that do not reach the pathological level. Registration and analysis of EEG was performed by the Neurokariograf computer complex (MBN, Moscow) using mathematical processing methods.The EEG interpretation was based on the principle of assessing the functional state of a child's brain using a three-component model according to: 1) wakefulness level and its dissociation, 2) severity of signs of the EEG neurotic pattern, 3) directionality of formation of traits of the system-functional brain organization (severity of signs functional hypofrontality).lt was found the presence of EEG signs was indicative of a lower level of wakefulness in children with an immature function of attention in all age groups, compared with the indicators of the average population of group and children with an increased background of anxiety. Children with an increased background of anxiety have a tendency to prevalence and excessive spatial synchronization of the alpha rhythm. ln healthy children, the fact of a decrease in wakefulness and the presence of signs of anxiety in the clinic and in EEG patterns indicates individual personalities and should not be considered as pathology.

Research on individual differences in the fields of chronobiology and chronopsychology mostly focuses on two – morning and evening – chronotypes. However, recent developments in these fields pointed at a possibility to extend chronotypology beyond just two chronotypes. We examined this possibility by implementing the Single-Item Chronotyping (SIC) as a method for self-identification of chronotype among six simple chart options illustrating the daily change in alertness level. Of 2283 survey participants, 2176 (95%) chose one of these options. Only 13% vs. 24% chose morning vs. evening type (a fall vs. a rise of alertness from morning to evening), while the majority of participants chose four other types (with a peak vs. a dip of alertness in the afternoon and with permanently high vs. low alertness levels throughout the day, 15% vs. 18% and 9% vs. 16%, respectively). The same 6 patterns of diurnal variation in sleepiness were yielded by principal component analysis of sleepiness curves. Six chronotypes were also validated against the assessments of sleep timing, excessive daytime sleepiness, and abilities to wake or sleep on demand at different times of the day. We concluded that the study results supported the feasibility of classification with the 6 options provided by the SIC.

Although significant associations between diurnal preference and restrained eating behaviors were previously reported, such reports are scarce and, in some respects, inconclusive. In this cross-sectional survey of 567 female university students aged between 17 and 23 years, we tried to clarify and extend the previous findings on chronobiological correlates of these behaviors. We administered the three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire Revised and three questionnaires designed to assess trait-, ability-, and state-like differences in the domain of chronobiology, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Sleep-Wake Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, and the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, respectively. Statistical analyses included factor, correlation, and regression analyses. We found that any of three aspects of unhealthy eating behaviors (i.e., lack of cognitive eating restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating) was linked to one or more dimensions of individual chronobiological differences. We explained the previously reported inconclusive results by the differential relationship of two subconstructs of diurnal preferences to eating behaviors. For instance, such relationship was found for two (morning and evening) subscales of the MEQ. Cognitive eating restraint and uncontrolled eating were related to the morning subscale, while emotional eating was related to the evening subscale. These associations were supported by the associations revealed for morning vs. evening components of earliness-lateness assessed with two other questionnaires, (e.g., morning lateness and sleep offset vs. evening lateness and sleep onset, respectively). We conclude that unhealthy eating behaviors seem to be linked to unhealthy sleep-wake habits and behaviors and to inabilities to wake or sleep on demand at certain times of the day.

The literature data and the finding of our studies on the analysis of the correlation between the level of parathyroid hormone and supply of vitamin D of children (n=107) of early age are presented in the article. The serum level of vitamin D in the analyzed group of children was 24.8 [17.6–32.5] ng/ml, the median of the parathyroid hormone was 21.0 [12.3–25.5] pg/ml. It has been established that children with optimal supply of vitamin D have significantly lower parathyroid hormone levels vs. the children with vitamin D insufficiency (25 (OH) D from 20 to 30 ng/ml) and deficiency (calcidiol values below 20 ng/ml). The correlation between the level of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone was r=-0.18, p=0.035. The best supply of vitamin D was found in children of the first year of life – 25 (OH) D concentration was 29.95 [16.2–40.3] ng/ml. The parathyroid hormone level (16.5 [10.7–23.8] pg/ml) in these children was reliably lower (p=0.05) vs. the children of the second and third years of life. A positive correlation was established between the age of patients and the parathyroid hormone level (r=0.2, p=0.05). Preventive doses of vitamin D were received by 42.1% of children. The blood serum concentration of 25 (OH) D in them was higher (32.7 ng/ml), and the parathyroid hormone level was significantly lower (14.9 pg/ml) vs. the children who did not receive cholecalciferol preparations (p

Sub-constructs of morning–evening preference might be differentially related to polymorphisms in circadian clock genes. We previously reported significant association between a single nucleotide po...

Polymorphisms in genes of circadian system family seem to be of most importance for understanding of mechanisms underlying self-assessed individual variation in morning–evening preference. A review of earlier reported positive findings indicated that, at least, four polymorphisms in period circadian clock 3 (PER3) showed significant association with, at least, one of sub-constructs of a morningness–eveningness scale. However, similar to other candidate gene studies, these studies suffer from increased likelihood of false positive findings. We tried to replicate some of the most recently published positive results on associations of sub-traits of morningness–eveningness with two PER3 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. DNA from buccal swabs was collected from healthy residents of three Russian cities, Moscow (N = 149) and Novosibirsk and Stavropol (N = 248). The tested hypotheses were formulated in accord with the earlier reported positive findings: the rare alleles might be linked to a...

The 72-item Sleep-Wake Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SWPAQ) provides possibility to self-assess individual variation along as many as 6 factorial dimensions. We examined reliability and external validity of each of its 12-item scales, E, M, W, V, F, and S (evening and morning lateness, anytime and daytime wakeability, anytime and night-time sleepability, respectively). Questionnaire data were collected from residents of Novosibirsk and two smaller Russian cities (N = 755 and 720, respectively). Analysis of these two data-sets suggested good and acceptable internal consistency of each of the scales, respectively. Evidence for external validity of each of the 6 scales was obtained by applying stepwise linear regression analysis to data collected from 160 participants of sleep deprivation experiments who were asked to self-report 6 characteristics of their sleep for a week prior to the experiment. As expected, predictors of scales? scores were a later self-reported time for going to bed (E, W), a...

The purpose of the study was to explore food diaries to identify differences in the received nutrients between students living in a relatively ecologically safe area and polluted region. The sample included 179 participants living in Stavropol (ecologically safe area) and Nevinnomyssk (polluted region) at the age of 17 to 23 years. Dietary intake was estimated using a 7-days food diary and nutrient intake adequacy using the computer program “Nutrition for health and longevity”. Participants did not significantly differ in age, gender, height and weight. There were total caloric and nutrients shortage in most of all students, regardless of the residence. Reduced fat consumption and pronounced deficiency of biotin, beta-carotene, choline, vitamins A, C, B6, B12, D, I, manganese, Fe, S, F, Se and Zn was found. Severity of protein, niacin, K, Ca, Mg and P deficiency in diet was higher in polluted area compared to the relatively ecologically safe area. In this regard, there are several related issues that need to be addressed in the future. These are the intake of heavy metals from food, the production and use of environmentally friendly food, and the development of functional products for students and residents of polluted regions.

To evaluate self-assessment of sleep and the level of hormones in the morning and evening in chemical pollution conditions.Three hundred adolescent and adult men living in the regions with low and high levels of chemical pollution were examined using questionnaires for self-assessment of quality of sleep, sleep hygiene, daytime sleepiness. Levels of cortisol and testosterone in the saliva were determined in the morning and evening hours by ELISA.In areas with low pollution level, there were normal changes in hormone levels with an increase in the morning and decrease in the evening. In high pollution conditions, the average levels of hormones increased, the morning-evening gradient disappeared. These conditions were also associated with an increase in daytime sleepiness and disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle and the endocrine regulation system that indicate the possibility of the development of internal desynchronosis.Цель исследования. Оценка особенностей самооценки сна и концентрации гормонов в утренние и вечерние часы в условиях загрязнения окружающей среды. Материал и методы. Обследованы 300 подростков и взрослых мужского пола, проживающих в условиях низкого и высокого химического загрязнения окружающей среды. Для оценки использовали экспресс-опросники 'Качество гигиены сна', 'Качество сна' и шкалу сонливости. Определяли уровни кортизола и тестостерона в слюне в утренние и вечерние часы методом ИФА. Результаты и заключение. При низком уровне загрязнения среды выявлена нормальная динамика уровня гормонов с ростом их концентрации в утренние часы и снижением - вечером. При высоком уровне загрязнения наблюдались рост средних значений и исчезновение утренне-вечернего градиента, что сопровождалось повышением уровня дневной сонливости на фоне роста нарушений гигиены сна. Возникновение нарушений цикла сон-бодрствование и системы гормональной регуляции функций организма указывает на возможность формирования внутрисистемного десинхроноза.

To study the anxiety level, sleep self-assessment and indicators of morning and evening levels of cortisol and saliva antioxidants in students with experience of occasional shift work.University students (n=159) with experience of shift work were examined. Psychoemotional status was assessed using the Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), Spielberger-Khanin anxiety inventory, The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Nemchin's modification). The express-questionnaire The Quality of Sleep Hygiene, the Sleep Quality scale and the scale of drowsiness were used to assess sleep. Saliva morning and evening cortisol levels (ELISA) and the total antioxidant activity (amperometric method) were determined.There was an increase in the number of respondents with higher anxiety, higher scores of psychoticism and neuroticism. According to the self-assessment of sleep, a statistically significant decrease in the quality of sleep hygiene was shown. Biochemical parameters of the saliva differed significantly only in the morning hours: the increase in cortisol and decrease in the antioxidant activity were observed. The results suggest the possibility of asymptomatic development of emotional disorders and metabolic disorders in people with occasional night shift work.Цель исследования. Изучение особенностей тревожности, самооценки сна, показателей утреннего и вечернего уровней кортизола и антиоксидантной активности слюны у студентов с опытом эпизодической сменной работы. Материал и методы. Обследовали 159 студентов вузов с наличием опыта сменной работы. Определяли психоэмоциональный статус с помощью личностного опросника Айзенка, проводили оценку уровня тревожности по шкале самооценки Спилбергера-Ханина, личностной шкале проявления тревоги Тейлора (модификация Т.А. Немчина). Для оценки сна использовали экспресс-опросники 'Качество гигиены сна', 'Качество сна' и шкалу сонливости Эпворта. В утренние и вечерние часы определяли уровни кортизола в слюне методом иммуноферментного анализа и общую антиоксидантную активность амперометрическим методом. Результаты и заключение. У студентов с опытом сменной работы отмечались повышенная тревожность, рост значений показателей психотизма и нейротизма. По данным самооценки сна обнаружено статистически значимое снижение качества гигиены сна. Биохимические показатели слюны достоверно отличались от группы контроля только в утренние часы и проявлялись ростом кортизола и снижением антиоксидантной активности. Полученные данные позволяют предположить возможность бессимптомного развития эмоциональных расстройств и метаболических нарушений у лиц с эпизодической сменной ночной работой.

We have used Far Western blot technique to identify several proteins of 60S ribosomal subunit from rabbit liver which are capable of interacting with homologous translation elongation factor 1A. They belong to phosphoprotein Ð0.Ð1/Ð2 complex situated near A site region of 80S ribosome. It was also shown that eEF1A interacts with several proteins of small subunit of 80S ribosomes. It is important since none of 30S subunit proteins binds elongation factor EF-Tu. Identification of the above-mentioned proteins is the aim of future investigations.

Traditionally, seismic observations are carried out by the reflected wave method with multiple overlaps. Thus, the primary result of the processing of such data is the sum of CDP. For further imaging there is necessary to have the correct variant of migration without restrictions on the angle of reflectors, which is particularly important for the study of the geological structure of the mine fields. The paper presents a three-dimensional variant of the full-wave finite-difference migration in the time scale of the depths. That variant allows defining delicate structural features of the environment, the velocity model of which can be non-uniform across the board. The effectiveness of the proposed method to study the geological structure of the mine fields is demonstrated on a model example and practical materials observed in the Donbas region.

Macromolecular machines, such as the ribosome, undergo large-scale conformational changes during their functional cycles. While their mode of action is often compared to that of mechanical machines, a crucial difference is that at the molecular dimension, thermodynamic effects dominate functional cycles, with proteins fluctuating stochastically between functional states defined by energetic minima on an energy landscape. Here, we have used cryo-electron microscopy to image ex vivo-derived human polysomes as a source of actively translating ribosomes. Multiparticle refinement and three-dimensional variability analysis allowed us to visualize a variety of native translation intermediates. Significantly populated states include not only elongation cycle intermediates in pre- and post-translocational states, but also eEF1A-containing decoding and termination/recycling complexes. Focusing on the post-translocational state, we extended this assessment to the single-residue level, uncovering striking details of ribosome-ligand interactions and identifying both static and functionally important dynamic elements.

SummaryThe extent to which bacterial ribosomes and the significantly larger eukaryotic ribosomes share the same mechanisms of ribosomal elongation is unknown. Here, we present subnanometer resolution cryoelectron microscopy maps of the mammalian 80S ribosome in the posttranslocational state and in complex with the eukaryotic eEF1A⋅Val-tRNA⋅GMPPNP ternary complex, revealing significant differences in the elongation mechanism between bacteria and mammals. Surprisingly, and in contrast to bacterial ribosomes, a rotation of the small subunit around its long axis and orthogonal to the well-known intersubunit rotation distinguishes the posttranslocational state from the classical pretranslocational state ribosome. We term this motion “subunit rolling.” Correspondingly, a mammalian decoding complex visualized in substates before and after codon recognition reveals structural distinctions from the bacterial system. These findings suggest how codon recognition leads to GTPase activation in the mammalian system and demonstrate that in mammalia subunit rolling occurs during tRNA selection.

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1alpha is known to interact in GTP-bound form with aminoacyl-tRNA promoting its binding to the ribosome. In this paper another ternary complex [EF-1alpha*GDP*deacylated tRNA], never considered in widely accepted elongation schemes, is reported for the first time. The formation of this unusual complex, postulated earlier (FEBS Lett. (1996) 382, 18-20), has been detected by four independent methods. [EF-1alpha*GDP]-interacting sites are located in the acceptor stem, TpsiC stem and TpsiC loop of tRNA(Phe) and tRNA(Leu) molecules. Both tRNA and EF-1alpha are found to undergo certain conformational changes during their interaction. The ability of EF-1alpha to form a complex with deacylated tRNA indicates that the factor may perform an important role in tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA channeling in higher eukaryotic cells.

Although the structural core of the ribosome is conserved in all kingdoms of life, eukaryotic ribosomes are significantly larger and more complex than their bacterial counterparts. The extent to which these differences influence the molecular mechanism of translation remains elusive. Multiparticle cryo-electron microscopy and single-molecule FRET investigations of the mammalian pre-translocation complex reveal spontaneous, large-scale conformational changes including an inter-subunit rotation of the ribosomal subunits. Through structurally related processes, tRNA substrates oscillate between classical and at least two distinct hybrid configurations facilitated by localized changes in their L-shaped fold. Hybrid states are favoured within the mammalian complex. However, classical tRNA positions can be restored by tRNA binding to the E site or by the eukaryotic-specific antibiotic and translocation inhibitor, cycloheximide. These findings reveal critical distinctions in the structural and energetic features of bacterial and mammalian ribosomes, providing a mechanistic basis for divergent translation regulation strategies and species-specific antibiotic action.

Functional and structural sequestration of aminoacyl-tRNA has been recently found in eukaryotic cells and the aminoacyl-tRNA channeling has been suggested [B.S. Negrutskii et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91 (1994) 964-968], but molecular details and mechanism of the process remained unclear. In this paper we have verified a possible interaction between rabbit aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and homologous translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha), the proteins which may play a role of sequential components involved in the transfer of the aminoacyl-tRNA along the protein synthetic metabolic chain. The stimulation of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase activity by EF-1 alpha is found. The effect is shown to be specific towards the origin of tRNA and elongation factor molecules. The data obtained favor the direct transfer mechanism of the aminoacyl-tRNA channeling process during eukaryotic protein synthesis.

The conformation of mammalian elongation factor eEF1A in solution was examined by the small angle neutron scattering and scanning microcalorimetry. We have found that in contrast to the bacterial analogue the eEF1A molecule has no fixed rigid structure in solution. The radius of gyration of the eEF1A molecule (5.2 nm) is much greater than that of prokaryotic EF1A. The specific heat of denaturation is considerably lower for eEF1A than for EF1A, suggesting that the eEF1A conformation is significantly more disordered. Despite its flexible conformation, eEF1A is found to be highly active in different functional tests. According to the neutron scattering data, eEF1A becomes much more compact in the complex with uncharged tRNA. The absence of a rigid structure and the possibility of large conformational change upon interaction with a partner molecule could be important for eEF1A functioning in channeled protein synthesis and/or for the well-known capability of the protein to interact with different ligands besides the translational components.

Multimolecular complexes involving the eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) have been suggested to play an important role in the channeling (vectorial transfer) of tRNA during protein synthesis [Negrutskii, B.S. & El'skaya, A.V. (1998) Prog. Nucleic Acids Res. Mol. Biol. 60, 47-78]. Recently we have demonstrated that besides performing its canonical function of forming a ternary complex with GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA, the mammalian eEF1A can produce a noncanonical ternary complex with GDP and uncharged tRNA [Petrushenko, Z.M., Negrutskii, B.S., Ladokhin, A.S., Budkevich, T.V., Shalak, V.F. & El'skaya, A.V. (1997) FEBS Lett. 407, 13-17]. The [eEF1A.GDP.tRNA] complex has been hypothesized to interact with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) resulting in a quaternary complex where uncharged tRNA is transferred to the enzyme for aminoacylation. Here we present the data on association of the [eEF1A.GDP.tRNA] complex with phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS), e.g. the formation of the above quaternary complex detected by the gel-retardation and surface plasmon resonance techniques. To estimate the stability of the novel ternary and quaternary complexes of eEF1A the fluorescence method and BIAcore analysis were used. The dissociation constants for the [eEF1A.GDP.tRNA] and [eEF1A.GDP.tRNAPhe.PheRS] complexes were found to be 20 nm and 9 nm, respectively. We also revealed a direct interaction of PheRS with eEF1A in the absence of tRNAPhe (Kd = 21 nm). However, the addition of tRNAPhe accelerated eEF1A.GDP binding to the enzyme. A possible role of these stable novel ternary and quaternary complexes of eEF1A.GDP with tRNA and ARS in the channeled elongation cycle is discussed.

Fast, efficient and gentle method of elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) purification from rabbit liver has been developed. Isolation procedure consists of three steps: gel-filtration of postmithohondrial supernatant on Sephacryl S-400, anion(DEAE-Cellulose)- and cation(SP-Sepharose)- exchange chromatographies. The procedure takes two-three days. Minimal number of the purification steps and the only one buffer usage during entire purification provide the high speed and efficiency of the method. Purity of EF-1 alpha preparation obtained was more than 90% as judged from DS-Na polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. EF-1 alpha was demonstrated to be highly active in three different assays: the [3H]GDP-binding, the stimulation of [14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA binding to poly(U)-programmed 80S ribosomes and the stimulation of poly[14C]phenylalanine synthesis on poly(U)-programmed 80S ribosomes in the presence of EF-2. Since EF-1 alpha may exist in a cell as either GDP- or GTP-bound form the nature of nucleotide bound was studied using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Each molecule of EF-1 alpha appears to contain one molecule of GDP.

Objective: to study the efficacy of pediatric Tenoten in the treatment of secondary nocturnal enuresis in children. Subjects and methods. A comparative randomized study of the results of treatment was conducted in 36 children aged 5 to 15 years with secondary enuresis, who received pediatric Tenoten (n = 18; Group 1) and fenibut (n = 18; Group 2). Tenoten (pediatric formulation) was given a sublingual tablet thrice daily for 2 months. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by clinical parameters (the number of nocturnal enuresis episodes per month and anxiety scale scores). Results. There was a significant reduction or complete cessation of nocturnal enuresis episodes in the majority of children and a decrease in anxiety levels. Positive clinical changes were accompanied by a trend toward normalization of spectral coherent EEG characteristics. Conclusion. Treatment with pediatric Tenoten results in a reduction in the rate of nocturnal enuresis episodes and, in some cases, in their cessation, positively affects the psychological status of children, and improves the indicators of brain bioelectrical activity. The drug causes no adverse reactions and is well tolerated.

The clinical efficacy of tenoten (pediatric formulation) was comparatively studied in children with tick hyperkinesis. One hundred and thirty children (34 girls and 96 boys) aged 3 to 5 years were examined. The drug of comparison was persen in local ticks and fenibut in generalized ticks. An attempt was also undertaken to treat patients with generalized ticks (Tourette's syndrome), by using tenoten (pediatric formulation). As shown by the results of the study, tenoten (pediatric formulation) is most effective in local ticks. In generalized hyperkinesis, tenoten is as effective as fenibut and the former is, in some cases, superior to the latter. Monotherapy with tenoten (pediatric formulation) is insufficiently effective in Tourette's syndrome. Tenoten (pediatric formulation) has been also shown to diminish anxiety and to have a positive effect on the biological activity of the brain. The agent is safe and there have been no adverse reactions due to its use.

1. An optimum process has been chosen, consisting in the reduction of undecomposed coprecipitated oxalates, for the preparation of magnetic metal powders. 2. A technique has been developed for the production of a reduced magnetic Fe-Co-Ni-O powder. 3. It has been established that the decomposition of coprecipitated iron, cobalt, and nickel oxalates results in the formation not of a solid solution of isomorphous oxides but of a metallic Ce-Ni phase and the oxide Fe3O4. 4. A solid solution of iron, cobalt, and nickel forms rapidly during low-temperature reduction, which is due to the small particle size of the oxalate mixture produced by coprecipitation.

A test control of the initial, intermediate and the final level of knowledge of the course and a test control of the level of acquisition of the knowledge on radionuclide diagnosis were made in 179 students of the Therapy faculty. This form of the test allows one to evaluate the level of self-training, efficiency of the studies and the level of the knowledge of the course and its consolidation. The test control helps reveal problems and themes most difficult for mastering. The test control can be used for raising the efficiency of studies at all stages.