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Aim To determine the effect of minimally invasive interventions on the quality of life (QoL), pain syndrome, and cosmetic effect in patients with a pathology of chest aorta as compared with a group of traditional access.Material and methods From 2016 through 2020, 77 of 226 (34%) patients with an aneurysm in the proximal chest aorta and mini-sternotomy were prospectively selected starting from 2017. To evaluate differences between the effects of mini-sternotomy and the traditional access on QoL and pain syndrome a control group of patients with full sternotomy (n=77) was formed using pseudorandomization. Intergroup comparison of QoL, pain syndrome, and cosmetic parameters was performed at various time points.Results Mini-sternotomy provided a decrease in pain syndrome both during the early period (day 3), and during movements upon discharge. Also, mini-sternotomy decreased the duration of stay in the hospital compared to full sternotomy (8.1±2.1 vs. 8.9±2.5 days, respectively; р>0.0331). A more frequent use of analgesics by patients with full sternotomy was noted. Mini-sternotomy was associated with a faster recovery of most QoL parameters according to the SF-36 questionnaire at one year after surgery. The questionnaire included summarizing parameters of physical and mental health components (Physical Health Component, Physical Health (PH): 54.3±11.9 vs. 58.2±8.2, respectively; p=0.046; Mental Health Component, Mental Health (MH): 53.8±6.8 vs. 57.8±9.5, respectively; p=0.013). In addition, patients with minimal access showed higher values of the cosmetic effect by a 5-score scale (4.08±0.8 vs. 4.39±0.8, respectively; p=0.049) and a greater interest to having a minimal access surgery.Conclusion Mini-sternotomy beneficially influences the pain syndrome, cosmetic outcome, and QoL and provides a shorter duration of rehabilitation and a sooner return to work and everyday life compared to full sternotomy.

A new method for fixing a synthetic graft in preperitoneal plastic surgery of median ventral hernias has been developed. The suggested method was used by us in 32 patients aged 29–75 (the main group). The size of the hernial orifice did not exceed 3 cm in diameter, the size of the hernial sac — 4–5 cm. 28 patients aged 31–74 (the control group) were operated on with the imposition of transaponeurotic sutures in the standard way. According to the main clinical characteristics, both groups were comparable. Among the evaluated indicators, the most significant were the absence of recurrence of hernias in the period from 1 to 5 years in both groups; the absence of postoperative complications in the main group; 2 cases (7.1%) of the postoperative wound hematoma in the control group (the differences are statistically significant); the reduction of the average length of hospital stay after surgery in the main group to 7.0 ± 0.2 days, and in the control group — 8.0 ± 0.1 days (the differences are statistically significant).

The guidelines describe modern approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thromboembolic complications in patients with injuries and after musculoskeletal surgery, in accordance with the interdisciplinary draft of the Clinical Guidelines (2022) Deep vein thrombosis of the extremities, which has passed public hearings and is being approved by the Russian Ministry of Health. The guidelines are designed for doctors of various specialties to provide medical care to specialized patients: orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists, resuscitators, clinical pharmacologists, health care organizers, medical students, residents, graduate students.

The present work analyzes the 1H NOESY MAS NMR spectra of three fenamates (mefenamic, tolfenamic, and flufenamic acids) localized in the lipid–water interface of phosphatidyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) membranes. The observed cross-peaks in the two-dimensional NMR spectra characterized intramolecular proximities between the hydrogen atoms of the fenamates as well as intermolecular interactions between the fenamates and POPC molecules. The peak amplitude normalization for an improved cross-relaxation (PANIC) approach, the isolated spin-pair approximation (ISPA) model, and the two-position exchange model were used to calculate the interproton distances indicative of specific conformations of the fenamates. The results showed that the proportions of the A+C and B+D conformer groups of mefenamic and tolfenamic acids in the presence of POPC were comparable within the experimental error and amounted to 47.8%/52.2% and 47.7%/52.3%, respectively. In contrast, these proportions for the flufenamic acid conformers differed and amounted to 56.6%/43.4%. This allowed us to conclude that when they bind to the POPC model lipid membrane, fenamate molecules change their conformational equilibria.

В статье рассматриваются некоторые проблемы учебного процесса на английском языке в медицинском вузе. Данная тематика является весьма актуальной в виду проходящих в нашей стране в настоящее время, процессов модернизации и оптимизации медицинского образования, а также внедрения новых федеральных государственных стандартов обучения. Объектами исследования послужили 50 студентов-иностранцев, составивших 1 группу и 50 преподавателей ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко, различного профиля (2 группа). Испытуемым предлагалось оценить процесс обучения в вузе в целом, оценить внедрение иностранного языка в учебный процесс и дать этому факту общую оценку; оценить свой уровень владения английским и русским языками. Одной из интересных составляющих исследования, стало изучение основных «языковых проблем», по мнению анкетируемых обеих групп. Полученные данные помогут по-новому взглянуть на особенности внедрения иностранных языков в учебный процесс медицинского вуза. В дальнейшем, авторами планируется продолжение исследования с большей выборкой студентов и преподавателей.

Based on the data of 35-yr (1987–2021) measurements of magnetospheric electron fluxes with energy >2 MeV in geostationary orbits, solar wind speed, and geomagnetic activity, a catalogue of electron flux enhancements was compiled in which the electron fluence exceeds 108 cm–2 sr–1 d–1. The epoch superposition method performed using the GOES-13 spacecraft data shows that large electron flux enhancements are preceded by a significant increase in the solar wind velocity and the Ap index of geomagnetic activity, and immediately before the increase the relativistic electron flux decreases. For the events of the catalogue, the average characteristics of electron flux enhancements and parameters of the interplanetary and near-Earth medium were calculated: the mean values of the diurnal and total fluences during an event and the average duration of electron enhancements. The average duration of the electron flux enhancement is 5 d, and the maximum duration is 24 d. Based on the calculated mean values of the electron fluences, solar wind velocity, and Ap-index of geomagnetic activity on the day of electron enhancement and on previous days, a typical behaviour of these parameters during and before an electron flux enhancement was obtained. The average characteristics of electron flux enhancements and the parameters of interplanetary and near-Earth medium are calculated before large electron flux enhancements, when the fluence exceeds 3 × 108, 5 × 108, and 109 particles cm–2 sr–1 d–1, respectively. It is shown that the greater the increase in solar wind velocity and geomagnetic activity the larger the subsequent electron flux enhancement.

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is an actual disease and a frequent oncological pathology in men. The main methods of radical treatment of patients with PCa are radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. Radical prostatectomy s the most commonly used method of therapy in patients with localized PCa. Adjuvant hormone therapy after surgical treatment is the standard method of therapy in patients with the presence of lymph node metastases. At the same time, the standard approach of treatment of patients with metastatic PCa is combination therapy with medical (using of analogues or antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) or surgical castration in combination with chemotherapy with docetaxel or new generation antiandrogens (enzalutamide or apalutamide)). Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of achieving minimum testosterone levels at all stages of drug therapy in patients with PCa. It has also been shown that the use of LHRH analogues may be less effective to the use of LHRH antagonists (degarelix) in relation to the effectiveness of testosterone suppression. Thus, conducting a study aimed at studying the effectiveness of testosterone suppression using LHRH antagonists in various clinical situations and patient populations in real clinical practice is a very actual task.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of castration therapy using degarelix in real clinical practice and in various clinical situations.Materials and methods. The object of an observational non-interventional study was 132 patients with PCa from 13 cancer centers of Russian Federation who were treated with LHRH antagonist degarelix. The study was non-interventional (observational), retrospectively-prospective, open multicenter and not randomized. In accordance with the design of the study, depending on the clinical situation, patients were divided into 3 groups: group A (n = 52; 39.4 %) – patients with primary metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa, who were shown to undergo combined drug treatment with castration therapy as one of the components; group B (n = 43; 32.6 %) – patients, who underwent combined hormonal and radiation treatment (ADT + radiation therapy); group C (n = 37; 28 %) – patients who underwent surgical treatment (radical prostatectomy with extended PLND) with the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes identified by the results of a morphological examination (pN1).Results and conclusion. As a result of a non-interventional observational study, high efficacy of androgen-deprivation therapy with the use of degarelix was demonstrated in relation to the suppression of testosterone and PSA in patients with primary metastatic and locally advanced PCa in various clinical situations, as well as low toxicity and satisfactory tolerability of this variant of hormonal treatment.

In this paper, Forbush decreases (FDs) from 1997 to 2020 associated with coronal mass ejections from active and non-active regions are compared between themselves and to FDs caused by high-speed streams from coronal holes. The two types of sporadic FDs are also compared when corresponding solar wind (SW) disturbances contain, or do not contain, magnetic clouds (MCs) near Earth. Cosmic ray density and anisotropy variations, SW speed, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength, and geomagnetic indices have been examined using statistical methods. The results reveal that these parameters are larger for FDs associated with active region (AR) ejections and have highly skewed distributions for both types of sporadic events. In the same ranges of SW parameters, FD magnitude is larger for flare-associated events; more efficient modulation occurs in FDs associated with AR ejections. Differences between FDs associated with AR and non-AR ejections are more pronounced when an MC is registered. For IMF strength and geomagnetic indices, differences between the distributions depend more upon MC presence or absence than on the type of solar source. Correlation of IMF strength and SW speed differs slightly between FDs caused by AR and non-AR ejections regardless of the presence or absence of an MC, akin to the partial correlation between FD magnitude and IMF strength. Difference between the speeds of disturbed and background SW is larger for FDs associated with AR ejections especially when an MC is registered; the interaction region of different-speed SW streams occurs more frequently in interplanetary disturbances induced by AR ejections.

In recent years, the biodegradation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate has become an important direction in solving the problem of environmental pollution with plastic waste. This review generalizes the latest data on various microorganisms capable of biodegrading polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The mechanisms of enzymatic reactions of polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolysis and the structure of biodegradation enzymes are elucidated. Challenges to the industrial implementation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate biodegradation are considered along with proposals on the promotion of appropriate waste disposal technologies. Biodegradation comprises a promising method for the environmentally friendly and efficient disposal of waste plastics. So far, no commercial biodegradation technologies for recycling polyethylene glycol terephthalate have been developed. This area is attracting increased research attention, which is expected to result in the appearance of cost-effective and high-tech biodegradation processes. Future advances are likely to be based on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies capable of constructing artificial microbial consortia and modifying microbial polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolases aimed at a more complete biodegradation and bioconversion of polyethylene glycol terephthalate and other complex polymers.

The Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo in July–September 2021 took place in a challenging social environment that seriously affected the public perception of events. When preparing for the Olympics in 2013–2019, the Japanese people actively supported the Games, which was confirmed by the results of numerous sociological studies. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began, followed by several waves of infection. The competition was postponed for a year. Vaccination in Japan was delayed compared to most G7 countries. Against this background, in the summer of 2021, the most dangerous Delta strain of coronavirus began to spread in the country, bringing the rise in mortality rates, and the overflowing of hospitals in large cities. In such a difficult epidemiological and social situation, surveys recorded a negative attitude towards the Olympics. However, during the competition, the majority opinion once again turned positive, mainly due to the athletic successes of the Japanese team and effective anti-virus control measures. The absence of spectators in the venues, most probably, did not affect the sporting achievements significantly. At least, Japanese Olympic team won a record number of medals. Infection prevention measures proved effective in limiting the transmission of the virus among the athletes and the Japanese service personnel. The economic and symbolic achievements of the Games did not meet expectations, as, during the Olympics, it was not possible to properly address its significance as the end point of the low-growth “lost decades”, evidence of economic recovery after the triple disaster of 2011, and as a tool to increase Japan’s tourist attractiveness. Therefore, during a pandemic, major sports events should be held primarily to train top-class athletes and to increase populace satisfaction with the success of the national team rather than to obtain direct economic benefits or improve the host country’s image.

Aim: The aim of the study is a comparative representation of a hybrid EM suspension (HEMS) for maglev transport and a pure EM configuration. Methods: Several designs have been numerically investigated and compared to conventional EMS. The numerical model has been validated with magnetic measurements on the experimental set-up. Results: The HEMS implies a combination of electromagnets (EM) and permanent magnets (PM) in a common magnetic circuit. The magnets synergy of HEMS has been demonstrated that leads to sufficient reduction in energy consumption and weight as compared to a conventional EMS. Conclusions: A desired performance of HEMS has been achieved. Efficiency of the design solutions has been verified numerically and experimentally.

Relevance. The relevance of the topic comes from its various aspects and manifestations of behavior aimed at helping other people and society, including using the digital environment. The article discusses the technology of students’ project activities for the creation of prosocial media. The experience of prosocial design on the platform of the University 20.35 is presented. The purpose of the study. Based on the study of the attitude of young people to media resources promoting assistance to other people and society, to develop and implement educational intensive technology to create by students prosocial media. Methods and methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the approaches of media education. Methods: data selection and systematization, document analysis, Internet media monitoring, quantitative analysis of publications in youth Internet media, design. Empirical data are comprehended and processed using content analysis, quantitative analysis methods (descriptive statistics, percentage analysis. The calculations were made on the basis of the SPPS 22 statistical software package. Results. The preferences of young people in the choice of forms of presentation of prosocial topics in the media space are revealed, their reactions to prosocial posts, blogs, videos, publications are studied, the structure of the projected prosocial media environment is determined. An educational intensive technology has been implemented to create a test prototype for the prosocial media “Let’s make the world a better place!”. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study of the attitude of young people to prosocial media, a technology for teaching the design of prosocial media was developed and implemented, which allowed students to form attitudes to prosocial activity. The scope of the results. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing programs and projects aimed at ensuring the digital socialization of young people.

In magnesium alloys castings, the casting defects such as shrinkage porosity are often occur. Such defects can be suppressed by repair welding or surfacing using a special filler rod. Unfortunately, in Russia, the low amount of filler rod is consumed. Therefore, native enterprises do not manufacture it, limiting themselves to imports or homemade low-quality substitutes. Nevertheless, there is a need for filler rod, and recently it has become unprofitable to replace them with imported materials due to a significantly increased price. Therefore, there is a need to study the technology of its production to replace imported filler rod with native material. Magnesium alloys based on the Mg–Zn–Zr (La, Nd) system: SV1, SV122, and ML12 (ZK51) that used as a filler rod for repair welding of ZK51 alloy castings were studied in this work. The samples were obtained by permanent mold casting into aluminum molds followed by hot extrusion into a filler rod with a diameter of 4 mm. It was shown that all the investigated alloys could be obtained in the form of a rod with a diameter of 4 mm. Therefore, the investigated rod samples from the SV122 alloy were used as filler material for repair welding of ZK51 magnesium alloy castings. The weld seam in the T1 condition has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) about 80 % of the UTS of the casting material.

Proximal femoral fractures (PFF) are one of the most common reasons for admission of patients to a traumatological and orthopedic hospital. For the vast majority of patients with PFF, such injury means a loss of the previous degree of mobility. Clinical guidelines are the main working tool of a practicing physician, both a specialist and a narrow practice doctor. Conciseness, structuredness of information about a particular nosology, methods of its diagnosis and treatment, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, allow to give in a short time one or another answer to a question of interest to a specialist, to achieve maximum efficiency and personalization of treatment. These clinical guidelines include data on the classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of proximal femoral fractures. In addition, they provide methods for the rehabilitation of patients with this pathology.

Глава посвящена изучению различных, важных, по мнению студентов, аспектов и проблем, связанных с поступлением в ординатуру, и условно состоит из двух основных частей – обзорной (выполненной в качестве введения) и экспериментальной. В начале главы (обзорная часть) приводятся общие данные о профессии врача, рассматриваются и обобщаются наиболее значимые требования, предъявляемые к студенту-медику, необходимые в его дальнейшей работе. Среди множества отдельных аспектов особенно выделяют важность наличия хорошо развитого интеллекта, коммуникабельности и стрессоустойчивости. Затем обобщается информация об общих современных проблемах поступления в ординатуру, которая является логичным продолжением 6-летнего обучения в вузе и позволяет получить знания по одной из узких специальностей. Вторая часть статьи представлена научным исследованием, в которое вошли 200 студентов ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко, разделенных на 2 группы по 100 человек, в зависимости от курса: 1 группа – 3 курс, 2 группа – 6 курс. После изучения полового и возрастного состава испытуемых студентам предлагалось ответить на ряд вопросов по специально разработанной авторами анкете – об общей удовлетворенности процессом обучения в вузе и его различными аспектами, включая лекции, практические занятия, готовности продолжать обучение в ординатуре и т. д. Затем изучался и анализировался уровень стресса студентов обеих групп – в обычном состоянии, в период экзаменационной сессии и при обсуждении/мыслях о поступлении в ординатуру. Завершающей, но наиболее значимой частью исследования стало определение и последующее изучение наиболее важных аспектов/проблем социального и психологического характера, влияющих на поступление в ординатуру, по мнению студентов. Определение данных пунктов проводилось методом ранжирования. Полученные результаты обозначили существование остро стоящей проблемы поступления в ординатуру и могут быть интересны всем педагогам высшей школы, занятых в учебном процессе медицинского вуза., The chapter is devoted to the study of various, important, according to students, aspects and problems associated with admission to residency, and conditionally consists of two main parts – a review (performed as an introduction) and an experimental one. At the beginning of the chapter (review part), general data on the profession of a doctor are given, the most significant requirements for a medical student, which are necessary in his future work, are considered and summarized. Among the many individual aspects, the importance of having a well-developed intellect, communication skills and stress resistance is especially emphasized. Then, information is summarized on the general modern «problems» of admission to residency, which is a logical continuation of 6-year study at a university and allows you to gain knowledge in one of the «narrow» specialties. The second part of the article is presented by a scientific study, which included 200 students of the Voronezh State Medical University. N.N. Burdenko, divided into 2 groups of 100 people, depending on the course: 1 group – 3 course, 2 group – 6 course. After studying the gender and age composition of the subjects, the students were asked to answer a number of questions on a questionnaire specially developed by the authors – about overall satisfaction with the learning process at the university and its various aspects, including lectures, practical classes, readiness to continue studying in residency, etc. Then the level of stress of students of both groups was studied and analyzed – in the normal state, during the examination session and when discussing / thinking about entering the residency. The final, but most significant part of the study was the identification and subsequent study of the most important aspects / problems of a social and psychological nature that affect admission to residency, according to students. The determination of these points was carried out by the ranking method. The results obtained indicated the existence of an acute problem of admission to residency and may be of interest to all higher school teachers involved in the educational process of a medical university.

An atmospheric correction algorithm is proposed for the reconstruction of the ground surface reflectance from the data of satellite measurements. A distinctive feature of the algorithm is that it takes into account the influence of the ground surface inhomogeneity on the adjacency effect and additional illumination of the ground surface by reflected radiation. These factors are important for the reconstruction of the reflectance of ground surface fragments with sharp reflectance changes and high atmospheric turbidity. The algorithm is based on Monte Carlo programs developed by the authors. To reduce the computing time, we have proposed some original criteria and approaches. To estimate the capabilities of the developed algorithm, its results have been validated by comparing with the results of the MOD09 algorithm for four MODIS bands and measurements for the Portugal surface fragment with coordinates 38.829 N, 8.791 W. Good agreement of the results obtained by the proposed algorithm with the surface measurements and the data obtained by the MOD09 algorithm demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in the reconstruction of the ground surface reflectance.