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The aim of the study is the demonstration of the 1st clinical experience of stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) of the patient with antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) in Russia. The results of STAR of 57 years old patient with AAD and multiple radiofrequency ablation refractory VT are described. This clinical study demonstrates efficacy and safety of STAR of VT.

A sulfated galactan composed of nearly equimolar amounts of d-galactose, 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose, and sulfate was isolated from the red alga Turnerella mertensiana collected in the Sea of Japan. The structures of native polysaccharide and its alkaline modification products were studied by NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide molecules were shown to contain a linear carbohydrate chain consisting of alternating 3-linked β-d-galactopyranose 4-sulfate and 4-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactopyranose residues (known as к-carrageenan), which is typical of carrageenans, but the regularity of polymer structure is masked by the presence of some 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactose 2-sulfate (ι-carrageenan units) and α-D-galactose 6-sulfate (µ-carrageenan units) instead of 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactose. Upon addition of potassium chloride (up to 4%) to a solution of the native polysaccharide, about half of the substance transforms into gel. The gel-forming fraction is к-ι-µ-hybrid carrageenan with the ∼65 : 15 : 20 ratio of к-, ι-, and µ-units. The non-gelling fraction contains the к-, ι-, and µ-units at the ratio of ∼46 : 12 : 42. The gel-forming carrageenan product free of µ-units can be otained in ∼30% yield (based on the dry biomass) by alkaline treatment of the alga prior to extraction of the polysaccharide.

to analyze the morphological features of the myocardium of the atrial appendages in patients with different forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) and to compare the findings with the clinical parameters of patients.Light and electron microscopies were used to examine the myocardium of the atrial appendages in adult patients with paroxysmal (PAF), persistent (PrAF), or long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LPAF) and in comparison group patients with sinus rhythm without history of AF. A morphometric method was employed to evaluate myocardial fibrosis and to measure the diameter of cardiomyocytes (CMCs); the degree of lipomatosis and amyloidosis was semiquantitatively determined; and the content of CMC myofibrils was estimated. Atrial natriuretic peptide content in the myocytes was measured by immunoconfocal microscopy.In all groups, the patients with AF were found to have signs of atrial structural remodeling: fibrosis, lipomatosis, isolated atrial amyloidosis, CMC hypertrophy with the phenomena of a partial loss of myofibrils without significant differences between these parameters in different groups. In PAF patients, atrial remodeling was accompanied by hypertrophy of a number of CMCs with their higher myofibrilar mass; the increased CMC size in the left atrial appendage prevented left atrial enlargement; the degree of amyloidosis negatively correlated with the CMC myofibrillar loss that was recorded in the minor CMCs; the degree of CMC myolysis positively correlated with mitral valve insufficiency and left atrial enlargement. In contrast to the clinical and morphological changes that are typical of PAF, in LPAF the increase in CMC sizes was positively correlated with left atrial enlargement and mitral annular dilatation; while the myofibrillar loss phenomenon was noted in the most hypertrophied CMCs; the degree of amyloidosis was positively correlated with CMC myofibrillar loss. In the patients with PrAF, the size of CMCs did not correlate with their myofibril content.The patients with PAF were ascertained to have opposite changes in the ratio of CMC hypertrophy to left atrial enlargement, amyloidosis, and CMC myofibrillar loss, hypertrophy of CMCs and their myofibril content in comparison with these indicators in LPAF.Цель исследования - анализ морфологических особенностей миокарда ушек предсердий у пациентов с разными формами фибрилляции предсердий (ФП) и сопоставление полученных данных с клиническими параметрами пациентов. Материал и методы. Методами световой и электронной микроскопии исследован миокард ушек предсердий взрослых пациентов с пароксизмальной (ПФП), персистирующей (ПРФП) и длительно персистирующей фибрилляцией предсердий (ДПФП) и пациентов группы сравнения с синусовым ритмом без ФП в анамнезе. Методом морфометрии оценивали фиброз миокарда, измеряли диаметр кардиомиоцитов (КМЦ), полуколичественно определяли выраженность липоматоза, амилоидоза и оценивали содержание миофибрилл в КМЦ. Методом иммуноконфокальной микроскопии в миоцитах определяли содержание предсердного натрийуретического пептида. Результаты. У пациентов всех групп с ФП обнаружены признаки структурного ремоделирования миокарда предсердий: фиброз, липоматоз, изолированный амилоидоз предсердий, гипертрофия КМЦ с явлениями частичной утраты миофибрилл без достоверных различий между этими параметрами в разных группах. У пациентов с ПФП перестройка миокарда предсердий сопровождалась гипертрофией части КМЦ с увеличением в них массы миофибрилл; увеличение размера КМЦ ушка левого предсердия предотвращало дилатацию левого предсердия; выраженность амилоидоза отрицательно коррелировала с утратой миофибрилл, которую регистрировали в мелких КМЦ, степень миолиза КМЦ положительно коррелировала с недостаточностью митрального клапана и дилатацией левого предсердия. В противоположность клинико-морфологическим изменениям, характерным для ПФП, при ДПФП увеличение размера КМЦ положительно коррелировало с дилатацией левого предсердия и фиброзного кольца митрального клапана, феномен утраты миофибрилл при этом отмечен в наиболее гипертрофированных КМЦ, выраженность амилоидоза положительно коррелировала с утратой миофибрилл в КМЦ. У пациентов с ПРФП не обнаружено взаимосвязи размера КМЦ и содержания в них миофибрилл. Заключение. У пациентов с ПФП выявлены противоположные изменения в соотношении гипертрофии КМЦ и дилатации левого предсердия, амилоидоза и утраты миофибрилл в КМЦ, гипертрофии КМЦ и утраты в них миофибрилл по сравнению с этими показателями при ДПФП.

An attempt to illustrate the development of bioorganic chemistry in Russia and all over the world has been made. The development of a new field of science was accompanied by the emergence of specialized journals, organizations, departments and institutions for research in this field. A brief report about the four most important world journals on bioorganic chemistry is represented. The analysis of publications of world scientific institutions, having the word “bioorganic” in their title since 1972 to the middle of 2008, has been made with the help of information from Web Science. The publication distribution among countries, institutions, languages, journals, and the list of the most productive authors clearly demonstrate the leading role of the USSR and Russia and of the Institute of Natural Compound Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, in the creation and development of this field of science in the world. The publication distribution among the areas of knowledge displays a close connection between bioorganic chemistry and a number of the other fields of science, first of all, biochemistry and molecular biology, and also organic chemistry.

Nineteen species of marine macrophytic algae collected in Bodega Bay, California were investigated for their fatty acid composition. Red, brown and green algae have distinguishing fatty acid profiles, which have a chemotaxonomic significance for seaweeds. This does not depend on the geographical location of the algae. Algal habitat conditions affect quantitative characteristics of the fatty acids. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in algae from California was found to be noticeably higher for most of the algal species examined in comparison with the same or related species from other regions.

A simplified method for the preparation of the Dittmer-Lester spray for the detection of phospholipids on thin-layer chromatograms is described.