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Aim. To evaluate clinical significance of simultaneous vegetation by conducting microbiological research of the species composition in the periodontal pockets and on the surface of the tongue root and back in chronic (generalized) periodontitis.Materials and methods. A prospective microbiological analysis of clinically significant species of opportunistic microorganisms in pathological periodontal pockets and the microbiome of the tongue root and back, in chronic (generalized) periodontitis of mild, moderate and severe degree, was carried out in 88 patients of the WHO key group, aged 35–44 (CI 95% 34.8–44.3), of the Unistom Dental Clinic of the Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk Krai, for the period 2016–2019.Results. The species composition of opportunistic microorganisms in the biotopes of the pathological periodontal pockets and tongue root and back was the same in chronic periodontitis, with a mean value of 89.7% ±2.9% (CI 95% 85.8–94.4). The mean value of the number of species of clinically significant opportunistic microorganisms in the periodontal pockets and root and back of the tongue in associations accounted for 3.9 (CI 95% 1.8–5.4). Bacteria of the genus Leptotrichia were detected simultaneously in periodontal pockets and on the root and back of the tongue in clinically significant associations with Staphylococcus aureus (CI 95% 37.3–65.4), mean Shannon index H value 3.1 ± 0.4; mean Simpson index C value 0.39 ± 0. Bacteria of the genus Leptotrichia in association with Streptococcus pyogenes (CI 95% 35.8–79.3), mean Shannon index H 2.9 ± 0.3; mean value of the Simpson index C 0.28 ± 0.06, reliably support the recurrent course of the opportunistic infectious and inflammatory process in the periodontium. The dominant role of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in the biotopes of periodontal pockets and the root and back of the tongue in exacerbations of chronic periodontitis has been established. Titre of opportunistic microorganisms in pathological periodontal pockets of 2–5lgCFU (colony-forming units) in mild and moderate degree of severity is 1–2 order lower than titre of opportunistic microorganisms in root and back of the tongue of 4–6lgCFU (95% CI 2.1–6.5).Conclusions. Evaluation of simultaneous vegetation of opportunistic microorganisms in the oral microbiome provides a means for improving laboratory (microbiological) diagnostics in chronic periodontitis and applying a non-invasive microbiological method for indirect diagnosis of the species composition of opportunistic microorganisms in periodontal pockets according to the composition of opportunistic microorganisms of the root and back of the tongue in chronic periodontitis for prophylaxis and treatment personalization.

Relevance. The etiology of alveolitis distinguishes infectious and traumatic factors, which determine the relevant drugs for preventing the inflammatory process after tooth extraction and local treatment of the developed alveolitis. Purpose – the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a collagen sponge containing lincomycin hydrochloride compared to the traditional method using iodoform packing strips based on clinical, microbiological and immunological research methods.Materials and methods. The study examined and surgically treated 75 patients with jaw alveolitis (K10.3), including those with eruption disorders, chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis in remission. Routine tooth extraction was recommended for them. We treated developed alveolitis in 37 patients and prevented complications during tooth extraction in 38 patients. According to the local exposure, the study allocated two subgroups: A –collagen sponge containing lincomycin hydrochloride and B –iodoform packing strips (traditional method). We comparatively analyzed microbiological parameters and cytokine content in the mixed saliva of patients using enzyme immunoassay (EIA).Results. In the studied alveolar socket material with a confirmed diagnosis of alveolitis, a spectrum of priority pathogens was established, including mainly microaerophilic streptococci, obligate anaerobes and staphylococci. The monitoring of the local treatment method effectiveness demonstrated that the sponge with lincomycin does not fall behind in the decontamination level regarding streptococci and obligate anaerobes but is less effective against the staphylococcal component of the microbial consortium. Analysis of cytokines confirmed the presence of the immunotropic effect of the collagen sponge with lincomycin.Conclusion. The possibility of using a collagen sponge with lincomycin hydrochloride has been substantiated as an alternative method of local treatment of alveolitis, which has a pronounced antibacterial and immunotropic effect at the level of regulation of the cytokine status.

Relevance. Plastic and reconstructive surgery of the missing outer ear is not always successful and may cause complications. Prosthetic reconstruction using silicone ectoprostheses (epitheses) is an alternative solution to this problem. Purpose – the study aimed to verify clinical and microbiological protocol of prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with a missing auricle using temporary silicone epitheses during implant osseointegration placed for the final magnet-bar retention system and assessment of the prosthetic reconstruction effe ctiveness.Materials and methods. The study compared and analyzed the quality of life and microbial colonization of the skin biotope in the main group patients – with temporary silicone auricle epithesis during extraoral implant osseointegration and in the control group without such prostheses. Quality of life was assessed before and after treatment using the automated questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF and QL PAER) developed by us for mobile devices. We determined the quantitative and qualitative composition of the skin microbiota behind the ear in all patients with fixed silicone samples for seven days.Results. According to all domains of the "WHOQOL-BREF" and "QL PAER" questionnaires, an integral index of QLI (p < 0.05) was reliably higher after prosthesis fixation in the main group. Skin biotope colonization by strains of resident microorganisms in the region of Technovent silicone epithesis increased if B-460 glue was applied, and the water-soluble G609 glue did not have a similar effect.Conclusion. A digital protocol for the manufacture of a temporary silicone epithesis of the auricle for the period of extraoral implant osseointegration, with the fixation on a water-soluble glue, improves the quality of life of patients with anotia and minimizes microbial colonization of the biotope of t he skin behind the ear.

Introduction. Lactoferrin is a cationic monomeric glycoprotein produced by acinar cells and glands, present in different places of the mucous membrane in different concentrations. In connection with the development of various variants of hygienic and medicinal products for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity based on lactoferrin, there was a need for an objective assessment of its antibacterial and antibiofilms properties, followed by an analysis of the preservation of activity in various variants of the isolation of this protein from the substrate and storage.Aim - to improve the effectiveness of evaluating the antibacterial activity of lactoferrin and the duration of its preservation in various biological substrates containing the active substance and individual experimental batches of the manufactured drug using automatic cultivation.Materials and methods. As part of the experiment, a microbiological diagnostic technique employing a system for the automatic cultivation of microbial populations was used. A pre-prepared bacterial suspension was inoculated into the nutrient broth and the studied lactoferrin samples were added, followed by cultivation and analysis of the possible antibacterial effects of transferrin protein. To determine the sensitivity of the isolated strains, we used our own modification of the serial dilution method developed at the Department of microbiology, virology, immunology of the A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. The experiment was based on the programmed automatic cultivation using the RTS-1 bioreactor. The interpretation of the results was carried out by changing the optical density at a wavelength of λ = 850 nm. The study of the growth dynamics of microorganisms was carried out in several repetitions, which was reflected in the graphs of the development of bacterial populations. The assessment of the growth control of the corresponding bacterial species was reflected in the change in the optical density values, on the basis of which the curve was built. Results and discussion. According to the results of an experimental study of the growth curves of bacterial populations, statistically significant differences in the number of viable cells in different phases of the growth curves were noted, when using different lactoferrin samples. Higher activity of human recombinant lactoferrin samples was established. An analysis of growth dynamics revealed differences in the onset of the maximum reproduction and its inhibition under the influence of various aggravating factors during cultivation. The bacteriostatic effect of lactoferrin is realized through the binding of iron ions, depriving the bacteria of this microelement, causing inhibition of their development. Along with this, lactoferrin is active against certain virulence factors of microorganisms, splitting them like serine proteases, and thus prevents their penetration into human cells.Conclusion. The method used for automatic cultivation of microorganisms in the bioreactor used allows one to obtain reproducible results, is available for wide use, and can be recommended for obtaining objective, comparable, reliable information about the antimicrobial properties of various samples of the bactericidal protein lactoferrin produced by the domestic pharmaceutical industry. The studied substrate containing recombinant human lactoferrin of Russian production is characterized by high antibacterial activity that persists for 3 years as minimum.

The place of high-tech methods of molecular biology in clinical laboratory diagnostics of various diseases and the development of a system of biomarkers as an important component of diagnostic research is currently attracting the closest attention of the scientific community. In this paper, an attempt is made to use high-tech metagenomic analysis to solve problems that arise due to the high frequency of association of periodontal diseases with systemic pathology, in particular, with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to determine the taxonomic and metabolic features of the microbiome of periodontal tissues in periodontal diseases associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a model of the ratio of local and systemic effects of periodontal pathogenic bacteria. The study included 16S shotgun sequencing of bacterial DNA as part of biological material from periodontal pockets/dentoalveolar furrows of 46 people - 15 patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 15 patients with chronic periodontitis unrelated to systemic pathology, as well as 16 healthy people in the control group, followed by bioinformatic processing of the data obtained. The obtained data allowed us to establish the taxonomic features of the periodontal microbiome in the association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which included the predominance of representatives of the families Prevotellaceae and Spirochaetaceae in its composition. The features of metabolic processes in periodontal tissues with the participation of the microbiome were also revealed, which consisted in an increase in the exchange of cysteine and methionine against the background of a decrease in the metabolism of pyrimidine, methane, sphingolipids, and the synthesis of fatty acids, which are of diagnostic value in assessing the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Relevance. Patients with maxillofacial lymphadenitis account for 3.09 % of the total number of hospitalized in specialized departments of maxillofacial surgery, and 5.7% of the number of patients with various inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region.Aim. Microbiological substantiation of the algorithm of antimicrobial chemotherapy for lymphadenitis and adenophlegmon of the maxillofacial region.Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of microbiological studies and determination of the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics of the material from inflammatory foci in lymphadenitis and adenophlegmon of the maxillofacial region was carried out using a standard protocol of laboratory microbiological studies. Anaerobic bacteria were cultured in the HiAnaerobic System Mark III anaerostat, identification was carried out using Biochemical Identification Test Kits (Himedia Labs).Results. The results of determining the sensitivity of the main pathogens of limphadenitis and adenophlegmon to the most commonly used antibiotics: groups of beta- lactam drugs, macrolides, lincosamides, imidazoles, teracyclines and fluoroquinolones are presented. The priorities of prescribing different treatment regimens are determined, taking into account the international classification of antibiotics AWaRe, adopted by WHO in 2018.Conclusions. Recommended drugs of choice for various forms of lymphadenitis and adenoflegmon include combinations of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, lincosamides (preferably clindamycin) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), which should be combined with imidazoles in odontogenic limphadenitis and adenophlegmon (for example, tinidazole as part of the complex drug Tsifran ST).

Candidiasis is the most common mycosis. Оral candidiasis occurs in the form of stomatitis, including the so-called prosthetic stomatitis. Somewhat less often, fungi of the genus Candida are detected with gingivitis and periodontitis, manifestations of red lichen planus on the oral mucosa.The purpose of the work: to analyze the results of mycological studies and determine the sensitivity of fungi isolated from the oral cavity in vari-ous oral pathologies to the main antimycotics, as well as the formation on this basis of an algorithm for antimycotic therapy of candidal lesions of the oral mucosa and periodontium.Material and methods. The paper uses the results of studies of patients with candidiasis of the oral mucosa (127 patients), prosthetic stomatitis (136 patients), candida-associated periodontitis (168 patients). Primary inoculation was performed quantitatively on Sabouraud’s medium and duplicated on M1297 chromogenic medium (Himedia Labs, India).To study the biofilm formed on the oral mucosa, fixed preparations of gold-coated scrapings were prepared for scanning electron microscopy, which was performed using a Quanta 200 3D bi-beam microscope (USA). Sensitivity to antimycotics was assessed using the traditional method of disks.The results of the study. When studying the species composition of yeast-like fungi isolated from the material, it was found that the species C. albicans was isolated in 80% of patients, in association with other species: C. Krusei, C. guilliermondii and C. glabrata. The second place was taken by the species C. Krusei, which was detected in 13.3% of patients. Representatives of this genus of yeast fungi are characterized by the formation of a biofilm with a pronounced mantle, which protects the microorganism from aggressive factors, including antimycotics and antiseptics. All the studied preparations showed fungicidal activity against these strains of yeast-like fungi. When registering the results, it was found that the most pronounced sensitivity of yeast-like fungi of this species was to drugs from the group of azole derivatives. The most pronounced antifungal activity was noted by us in voriconazole.Conclusion. Based on the obtained data, an algorithm of systemic antimycotic therapy for oral candidiasis has been developed.

In the article substantiated the choice of antibacterial drugs for antimicrobial chemotherapy in acute and chronic odontogen rhinosynusitis. The algorithm of antimicrobial chemotherapy, prevention of complications of surgical interventions on sinuses and damage associated with sinus perforation in dental interventions is given in accordance with the WHO classification AWaRe (WHO). Antibiotics are divided into drugs of the first and second empirical choice, depending on the need for use.

Aim. To determine possible alternative algorithms for root canal disinfection through the combined use of chemical and physiotherapeutic irrigation techniques under in vitro conditions.Materials and methods. Single-root teeth removed according to orthodontic indications were used as a substrate for the formation of a biofilm. The formation of a mixed biofilm is carried out in several stages, successively introducing the following strains: Streptococcus sanguinis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis. Cultivation was carried out under fluid conditions under anaerobic conditions, for 168 hours. After the cultivation, the teeth were treated using: a solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate 2%; a solution of sodium hypochlorite 3%; photodynamic exposure with Fotoditazin photosensitizer; 1.0% sodium hypochlorite solution in combination with photodynamic exposure. The results were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.Results. The results of scanning electron microscopy revealed differences between the samples of the control group and the comparison group. The number of bacterial cells was significantly lower in the comparison group than in the control group, however, in all samples, the presence of microbial biofilm sites was noted with varying degrees of severity. In the samples where standard concentrations were used, there was a change in the ultrastructure of the walls of the dentine tubules with its partial destruction and obturation by its own fragments of the walls with the presence of microbial cells. When using the photodynamic effect of destruction was not observed. The microbial landscape had a similar species composition, and more fragments of biofilm and individual cells were observed only in the case of PDT without a combination with an antiseptic.Conclusions. A comprehensive approach to endodontic treatment using photodynamic therapy together with antiseptic solutions in low concentrations allows us to achieve the best effect of pathogen eradication in comparison with the standard chemomechanical method.

The article studies the architectural and planning features of Krasnoyarsk in the middle of the 18th century. The research results are based on the analysis of documents from the central archives of Russia. The architectural chronicle of the Siberian city of the 18th century remains largely incomplete. Further study is required in the field of previously known and newly identified archival documents which will allow to obtain the most complete information about the planning and development of the fortress-city in the period under consideration. Using the historical documents, a graphic reconstruction of the architectural and planning situation at one of the formation stages of Krasnoyarsk in the 18th century is proposed.

Relevance . The association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent manifestations of systemic effects that are etiologically associated with periodontopathogenic bacteria in the biofilm of the gingival sulcus. In this regard, the study of the metabolic mechanisms leading to such systemic effects and serving their markers is an urgent problem. Aim . Study of the features of sphingolipid/ceramide metabolism, both produced by etiologically significant microflora, and present in periodontal tissues of patients on the example of the association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods . The observation groups included 58 patients with chronic periodontitis in association with type 2 diabetes, 39 patients with chronic periodontitis without concomitant systemic pathology, and 27 conditionally healthy people. All the examined patients underwent molecular genetic studies of the taxonomic and metabolic profiles of the dental sulcus/ periodontal pockets microbiota using 16S sequencing and evaluation of phosphorylated ceramides in saliva by the activity of the ceramid kinase enzyme. Results . It was found that in the Association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there are features of the taxonomic composition of the dental sulcus/periodontal pockets microbiota, which are combined with a decrease in sphingolipid metabolism. In addition, in these patients, depending on the duration of diabetes mellitus, there was an increasing drop in the saliva of ceramide kinase, which determines the phosphorylation of sphingolipids/ceramides. Conclusion . In the Association of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the systemic effects of the dental sulcus/ periodontal pockets microbiota are manifested by a decrease in sphingolipid metabolism, including a decrease in ceramide kinase in periodontal tissues, which can serve as a marker of the combined pathological process.

This work presents the results of scaling up an analytical technique for supercritical chiral separation of salbutamol to a preparative scale. Chromatographic conditions are determined, and a technique for the preparative separation of the enantiomers by supercritical fluid chromatography is developed, in which the concentration of the R-isomer of salbutamol (enantiomeric purity) is not less than 90% and the yield of the target product is more than 30%.

When developing promising assortments of forest woody plants, it is important to take into account not only their growth and survival in some particular environment, but also their respond to change in growing conditions. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the ecological plasticity and stability of some poplar varieties promising for the southeastern part of European Russia and Ukraine using the Eberhart and Russell method. The research was carried out on three testing sites: upland environment of the forest-steppe zone of the Voronezh region; floodplain environment of the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region; and floodplain environment of the steppe zone of the Donetsk region. Five promising poplar varieties were identified and studied at each of the experimental sites. The indices of survival, growth in height and diameter, trunk volumes, and productivity by wood stocks and average increments are presented for each variety. Due to the average increments change with age, the ontogeny period from 21 to 30 years was chosen for the study, during which the average survival of poplars varies slightly. It was found that Regenerata, which is characterized by average plasticity and the lowest stability, was the most productive of the studied poplar varieties. It can perform high productivity only in the favorable environment. The poplar variety Pioneer demonstrated the least plasticity. Its productivity did not vary too much with change in growth conditions at average ecological stability. The highest plasticity at average ecological stability was observed in the Vernirubens variety. Average plasticity and stability were observed in poplar E.s.-38. The poplar variety Marilandica was also characterized by average plasticity, and high ecological stability. The research results allow using of the studied varieties more rational in different growing conditions, with regard to their environmental characteristics.For citation: Tsarev A.P., Tsarev V.A., Tsareva R.P., Laur N.V. Evaluation of Ecological Plasticity and Stability of Some Promising Varieties of Poplars. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 5, pp. 119–130. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-119-130

Human nutrition has changed dramatically over the past few decades. The food industry now offers a huge variety of attractive foods that are high in sugars and acids, and the average human consumption of these soft drinks, snacks and convenience foods has skyrocketed. It has been established that nutrition significantly affects dental health. For example, excessive consumption of sugar and sugar-containing foods significantly increases the development of tooth decay. On the other hand, it has been proven that the mechanical properties of the hardness and elastic modulus of enamel and dentin are a predictor of tissue erosion and cariogenic changes in the structure of teeth and can be considered as diagnostic indicators. In this regard, it seems interesting and timely to review the literature data on the study of the effect of sugar and sweet foods on the hardness of tooth enamel.

The effect of FDT on the processes of mucosal immunity, in particular, the cytokine profile, remains practically unstudied.Objective:clinical and immunological assessment of the effectiveness of FDT in the complex treatment of periimplantitis at the initial stage of the relief of the inflammatory process.Materials and research methods.The study included patients who contacted the dental institutions of the Republic of Dagestan and the clinic of the Department of Surgical Dentistry of Moscow State Medical University aged 20 to 49 years with a diagnosis of periimplantitis, a total of 61 people. 33 patients received the ABT (the main group 1), 28 patients received the PDT (the main group 2). The control group consisted of 76 patients with stable implants without signs of inflammation or periodontitis (intact periodontium). The concentration of cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A in the oral fluid was determined by ELISA twice using the INFINITE F50 analyzer (TECAN, Austria) and test systems (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia). Results. Differences in the state of the cytokine profile in ABT (amoxicillin / sodium clavulanate at 825/125 mg 2 times a day for 7 days) and PDT (FotoSan 350 apparatus, photosensitizer toluidine blue: 4 sessions every 1 day for 40 sec) were found. The maximum cytokine response was observed in the evaluation of IL-1β (137–139 pg/ml) and IL-17A (161–172 pg/ml). After 1 month, statistically significant differences were revealed between the groups of patients with periimplantitis receiving different treatment options. The level of TNF-α decreased by 2.5 times and corresponded to the norm in the case of PDT, but with ABT it remained significantly higher, although we also observed a downward trend. The level of IL-17A showed a statistically significant decrease in PDT, while in ABT, the decrease was not significant. 3 months after treatment, complete normalization of the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A was observed in both compared groups, with the exception of IL-1β, which remained elevated: 8.6 times with PDT and 25 times with ABT.Conclusion.The cytokine profile of gingival fluid in periimplantitis is an important diagnostic marker for the severity of inflammation, which can confirm the presence of periimplantitis and predict the course. The content of IL-1β and IL-17 A reflects the severity of the process. Restoring normal levels of IL-1β is slower than IL-17 A.

The paper considers preconditions and stages of the town-planning processes in Krasnoyarsk in the 1950-60s that define break of historical continuity in the development of architecture of the Siberian city. Based on documents, the most interesting events connected with the last period of the existence of the Host Resurrection Cathedral on Strelka, the oldest stone building of the city are described. The interaction between the representatives of the architectural community and the authorities in this period is studied. This interaction is directed toward the volitional order of the accelerated approach to the bright future and distortion of traditions of historical evolution of the society.

Periodontal diseases, especially those with polymicrobial etiology, are often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, proceeding more severely and affecting the course of diabetes mellitus. Recently, this feature has been associated with the ability of periodontopathogen microflora to cause not only a local infectious process in the oral cavity, but also to interact with the human immune system and induce various systemic effects. We investigated changes in the salivary cytokine profile of patients with chronic periodontitis, associated and not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We observed a statistically significant decrease of MCP-1/CCL2, GM-CSF, IL-5, IL-6, and IFN- in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with patients with chronic periodontitis only. All of these cytokines are associated with macrophage activation. These data are an important contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of periodontopathogens involvement in the manifestation of the systemic effects of type 2 diabetes.

With the help of mathematical modeling, the features of the distribution of North Sea waters in the Bornholm basin are considered on the example of a large inflow occurring in January 2003. For better resolution of bottom processes in the bottom density flow model, the computational domain is split vertically into bottom and overlying areas. In the lower region with a thickness of 20 m, the vertical grid spacing is 1 m. The basic equations of the model are transformed for each of the regions using σ-coordinate. According to the simulation results, the features of the distribution of North Sea water are highlighted, as well as the associated change in the salinity field in the overlying layer. Estimates of the possible influence of runoff currents on the distribution of North Sea waters are obtained.

Means of antiseptic effects on the microflora of the oral cavity in the treatment of periodontitis are constantly being improved in connection with the non-guaranteed treatment results and the polyetiology of the disease. A microbiological study was conducted to substantiate the antimicrobial effect of the drug Krezacin denta of different concentrations in relation to a number of periodontopathogens and fungi of the genus Candida. The active substances of Krezacin dent are Krezacin 3% or 5% and metronidazole. The study was conducted in a bioreactor with automatic determination of the optical density of the culture of periodontopathogens in the presence of drugs. An identical study was conducted using the drug Metrogil dent. It was found that Metrogil denta has practically no effect on the culture of Candida albicans, while Krezacin denta inhibits the growth of Candida albicans at a concentration of 0.5% and 1.5% by 13.6%, and in more pronounced concentrations - up to 26, 6% Regarding S.aureus, Metrogil denta reduces the optical density of the culture of the indicated periodontopathogen by 34.7%, Krezacin denta by 49.8% at a concentration of 5.0%. S. Constellatus decreased its concentration in the presence of Metrogyl dent by 12.4%, while in the presence of Krezacin dent by 30.9%, starting from a concentration of 3%. Thus, we can state a more pronounced antimicrobial effect of Krezacin dent in comparison with Metrogil dent.

The article deals with the historical background and the formation of Siberia – Krasnoyarsk urban agglomeration in the 20th and early 21st centuries. The factors that contributed to the growth of the Krasnoyarsk-city are shown as well as transformation stages of the neighbouring settlements. The results of design works and practical measures aimed at the formation of the planning structure of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration are described for the period under review. It is shown that the analysis of identified regularities of the development of a large historical city at different stages is important not only for studying urban development trends, but also for modern project activities.

The article presents the results of a microbiological experiment to study the sensitivity of periodontal pathogens to coniferous polyprenols in the preparation of “Solagift”. The optica density of clinical isolates Streptococcus constellatus; Staphylococcus aureus; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans during cultivation with the addition of polyprenol concentrate 1:5 was measured during 3-7 days. Comparison criteria: the change in the phase of adaptation (lag-phase), the phase change of geometric growth, the amplitude of the peak phase of geometric growth, the duration of the stationary phase, the period of the withering away of culture. In comparison with the parameters of periodontal pathogens in the control, the presence of coniferous polyprenols led to a significant decrease in the activity of all microbes according to all criteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus, whose growth was completely suppressed.

The paper studies the notion of clinical observation of quite rare сongenital malformation of the heart — anomalous origin of the left coronal artery from a pulmonary barrel. In the article we tried to highlight the features of algorithm execution of radiological methods of diagnostics concerning this little-known pathology, in view of its large clinical interest.

Presents a modern understanding of the role of periodontophatogenic bacteria types: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Tannerella forsythia (Bacteroides forsythus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis as indicators of periodontitis emergence and development risk. Therminological definitions are given of factors, indicators and markers of risk of periodontium inflammatory diseases development that show the level of importance of their association with the disease as well as the quantitative evaluation of these associations.

Diagnosis of the level of halitosis (bad breath) is very important, because this may indicate pathology gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract, endocrine system. The most common cause of its occurrence is oral disease. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of the treatment of periodontal disease, halitosis accompanied by a galimetr apparatus. Materials and Methods. The study involved 118 people with periodontal disease of varying severity, accompanied by periodontitis. In the study group underwent a comprehensive treatment of periodontal disease, accompanied by halitosis, with the inclusion of probiotic complex. The control group consisted of 58 people with periodontitis, accompanied by halitosis, did not receive the probiotic complex. Periodontal status was determined by Silness-Loe index Myullemana index, measuring the depth of periodontal pockets. halitosis level determined by galimetr apparatus. The data were processed using statistical methods. Results. After treatment in both groups showed improvement in the patient's mouth and a statistically significant change in the indicators characterizing it. The average depth of the periodontal pocket of the first group ofpatients has decreased by 2 mm (or 40%) patients of the second group of reduction was 1.9 mm (or 42.2%). After 6 weeks of treatment of halitosis level significantly decreased in both groups. In the first group to 67.7 (6.4 times), the second group - to 157.8 (2.8 times). Level halitosis patients in group 6 weeks after treatment was significantly lower than the patients of the second group of halitosis. The level of halitosis patients of the first group is 2.3 times lower than that of the second group ofpatients, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatment. Conclusions. The use of probiotic complex in treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases, accompanied by halitosis increases the efficiency of traditional therapy. A galimetr is a necessary tool to measure and evaluate the level of halitosis.

Biofilm of the gingival sulcus from 22 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, 30 patients with periodontitis not complicated by diabetes mellitus (reference group), and 22 healthy volunteers without signs of gingival disease (control group) was studied by quantitative PCR. Quantitative analysis for the content of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, A. ctinomycetemcomitans, T. denticola, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum/periodonticum, and P. endodontalis in the dental plaque was performed with a Dentoscreen kit. The presence of other bacterial groups was verified by metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to evaluate some specific features of the etiological factor for periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specimens of the Porphiromonadaceae and Fusobacteriaceae families were characterized by an extremely high incidence in combined pathology. The amount of Sphingobacteriaceae bacteria in the biofilm was shown to decrease significantly during periodontitis. Metagenomic analysis confirmed the pathogenic role of microbiota in combined pathology, as well as the hypothesis on a possible influence of periodontitis on the course and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This article is devoted to the problems of reliability analysis of APCS. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods of qualitative reliability analysis of technical systems are examined, and the need for combined use of all methods studied is shown and validated. The most appropriate criterion of evaluation is found on the basis of an analysis of the primary reliability indices of the APCS means. This research shows that there is a need for developing a method of reliability and safety analysis that will make it possible to evaluate the risk of systems which are under development, raise the reliability indices to the level of economic calculations, and choose the APCS means taking account of economic factors, which would lower the cost of development work and delivery.

The purpose of this publication is to generalize the available experimental data on the survival, growth, stability, technical and other characteristics of this hybrid and to clarify proposals for its practical use. Long-term studies have been carried out on the five variety testing sites in various soil and climatic zones of the South-Eastern part of Russia and in Ukraine. The survival rate of this poplar were quite high (from 75 to 96%), on average 81%. The age of economic exploitability in the forest-steppe zone with a 20 m2 feeding area per tree was equal to 29 years. To this age the ‘Voronezh Giant’ accumulated stem wood stock of 550-640 m3/ha. The duration of shoot growth was 146 days, and the growing season was 177 days. It was distinguished by high winter hardiness, relative drought resistance, wind resistance, low damage by primary and secondary entomopests, and affection with phytodiseases, but a low straight trunk. It has a fairly high timber density, the length of the wood fiber and the cellulose content, which is important for the pulp and paper industry. The freshly picked green leaves of this poplar are close to the nutritional value of meadow herbs and lucerne. In general, the poplar ‘Voronezh Giant’ is promising for growing wood pulp, introducing into energy, shelter-belts, roadsides, riversides and other reclamation plantings. Given into account its male gender and high decorativeness, it can be also recommended in the greenery landscaping.

Laboratory rationale of application of a complex effect of ultrasound treatment, and photo-activated disinfection in experiments in vitro using strains of anaerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from patients with chronic forms of pulpitis and periodontitis.Microbiologic study of root canal was carried out using a bacteriologic method (2 species of obligatory-anaerobic and 2 -microaerophilic streptococci). Evaluation of the effect of ultrasound treatment in a complexwith a system of photo-activated disinfection on microflora of root canal was carried out using a bioreactor. Study of biofilms of the root canal system of a tooth in patients with chronic forms of pulpitis (52 individuals) and periodontitis (16 individuals) were carried out using scanning electron microscopy.The presence of an ample microbial bio- film in the ostiums of dentinal canaliculi and obturation of dentinal canaliculi in certain cases was established. Features of formation of growth curves for bacterial populations of oral microflora (Porphyromonasgingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcussanguinis, Streptococcus mutans) were described in the experimental part of the study as a result of a complex effect of photody- namic activation and ultrasound compared with control lacking those.The data obtained allow to conclude that complex effect significantly suppresses the growth or microbial populations of oral bacteria.

Transdental implantation is an effective way to restore the lost biomechanical properties of a resected or amputated tooth. The choice of structural materials for the implant is the most important stage of treatment, in relation to the adhesion of aggressive microbiota to them. To characterize the adhesion of microorganisms of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic groups in vitro to experimental samples of zirconium dioxide and titanium alloys using cultural and electronic microscopic methods of adhesion evaluation as the first stage of biofilm formation. Samples for the experiment were prepared in the form of a tablet of standard form, on which the test strains were applied in an amount of 106CFU/ml. After shaking the unattached cells with ultrasound, they were seeded into dense nutrient medium to determine their number. In total, 14 strains of perodontopathogenic and cariogenic groups (including 3 reference strains) were used in the experiment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the adhesion of microorganisms. The results of the adhesion test to titanium nickelide and zirconium dioxide showed a significant reduction in adhesion for all microorganism species. In all variants (with all strains) the adhesion values to titanium nickelide and zirconium dioxide were statistically significantly lower than when using samples from a traditional titanium alloy. In scanning electron microscopy, single cells of test strains of perodontopathogenic microorganisms were determined on zirconium dioxide samples, while a considerable number of cells and the initial phase of biofilm formation were observed on the compared structural materials. Zirconium dioxide can be considered as an optimal choice material for the manufacture of transdental implants, which, in terms of its technological characteristics and low adhesion characteristics of microbes, is superior to the traditionally used titanium alloys.

An ophiolitic association consisting of serpentinized ultramafic rocks and serpentinite, layered mafic–ultramafic complex, gabbro and gabbrodolerite, fragments of parallel dike complex, pillow lava, black bedded chert, and jasper has been identified for the first time by authors in the Cape Fiolent area. The chemistry of pillow lavas and dolerites, including REE patterns and a wide set of other microelements, indicates suprasubduction nature of the ophiolites and their belonging to a backarc basin that has reached the stage of spreading in its evolution.

The geological setting and composition of serpentinites and serpentinized peridotites that were found for the first time in Crimean Mountains are described. Jointly with pillow lavas, gabbros, fragments of a parallel dike complex, and jaspers, they form an ophiolitic association that is attributed to the ancient crust that formed in a backarc basin that evolved to the spreading stage.