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Background. Assessment of lung injury in oncohematological patients is a relevant problem, since the spectrum of pathological changes is wide and includes pulmonary infections, tumor cell infiltration, cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, bronchiolitis obliterans, interstitial pneumonitis, post-radiation and post-inflammatory pneumofibrosis, pulmonary vasculopathy and pleural effusion. At the moment there are no approved recommendations with criteria of differential diagnosis for these conditions, in particular, with differences between the most common therapy complication represented by pulmonary infections and poorly explored drug-induced toxic lesions.Aim. Identification of criteria for pneumotoxicity, allowing for differential diagnosis with pulmonary infections developing during chemotherapy, according to data routinely obtained in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. The study group included 38 patients with cytotoxic and autoimmune lung injury caused by specific therapy (group 1); the comparison group included 38 patients with infectious lesions receiving the same antitumor drugs (group 2). The data of the anamnesis, clinical course, instrumental studies and standard laboratory tests was studied retrospectively. For statistical analysis, the Mann–Whitney, χ2, Kruskal–Wallis tests were used. ROC analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of various factors in relation to toxic damage.Results. Patients with lymphomas predominated in group of toxic lung injury (63 %). In patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation, toxic complications developed in the period from 35 to 1289 days, infectious – from 4 to 43 days. Statistically significant differences were obtained in the presence of a concomitant state of an altered immune response: 32 % of patients in the toxic lesion group versus 5 % in the infectious group had a history of allergy, and, in contrast to the infectious lesion group, in the toxic lesion group autoimmune diseases were detected. The main symptom in patients of the first group was shortness of breath, which was observed in 68 % of cases, of the second – an increased body temperature, observed in 92 % of cases; cough was also a common symptom – in 19 % and 13 % of patients respectively. In 58 % of patients of the second group, concomitant mucositis was detected, while in the first group this complication did not occur in any of them. The most common radiological pattern (71 % of cases in each group) was ground-glass opacities, in patients of the second group often combined with infiltrative changes and thickening of the bronchial walls (in 53 and 42 % of cases respectively). Among laboratory results, the largest differences between groups were observed in the leukocyte levels (with an average level of 2.5 . 109 / L in the infectious group versus 6 . 109 / L in the toxic group), eosinophils (with an average of 3.6 % in the toxic group versus 1.75 % in the infectious group), C-reactive protein (with an average level of 146.7 mg / L in the infectious group versus 52.4 mg / L in the toxic group), and creatinine (with an average of 0.085 mmol / L in the toxic group versus 0.071 mmol / L in the infectious group).Conclusion. The data obtained in this research indicates the value of taking an anamnesis and the importance of performing additional studies in patients with suspected drug-induced lung injury, as well as identifies risk groups. Based on the revealed differences, a scale for the differential diagnosis of drug-induced toxic and infectious lung damage, which includes the results of publicly available research methods, with high sensitivity and specificity, was proposed. Further research for more specific, but, at the same time, universal for various drugs, criteria for toxic lung damage is relevant.

The article considers the issue of formation and implementation in the subjects of the Russian Federation of state-legal policy in the fi eld of scientifi c and technological (innovative) development. There is a need for systematic and consistent activity of the authorities in the fi eld of optimization of the innovation climate in the regions. The methodological foundations of the study of the problem of innovation economy management at the regional level are revealed. The role of the project method of implementing management tasks in the fi eld of scientifi c and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation is evaluated. The problems of practical implementation of the goals and objectives laid down in the projects and programs of innovative development of Russia are identifi ed. The regulatory framework for the implementation of measures for the innovative development of Russian regions is characterized. Some recommendations aimed at improving and increasing the effectiveness of state legal policy in the fi eld of scientifi c, technological and innovative development in the Russian regions are proposed.

The issues of constructing a general classification of continental natural and technogenic ecologicalgeological systems, which are the subject of research in modern ecological geology, are considered. A classification is proposed that takes into account the composition and characteristics of the components of ecological-geological systems.

Objective: To study the state of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients having non-allergic variant of bronchial asthma (NABA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) either particularly or in combination with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) in the context of the effect of glycemic control on PFTs.Methods: Such groups of patients as patients having NABA (n=61), patients suffering NABA combined with DM2 (n=20), patients with COPD (n=55); and patients having diagnosed COPD combined with DM2 (n=12) were examined. The blood glucose level was determined by the hexokinase method, the level of glycated hemoglobin was measured using the immunoinhibition method. PFTs were evaluated using spirometry, bronchodilator test, and body plethysmography (MasterScreen SN5112116, CareFusion 234 GmbH).Results: Statistically significant decrease of VС, FVC, and an increase of Raw in the group of patients with a combination of NABA and DM2 compared with the group having NABA was observed. An increase of Raw in the group with a combination of COPD and DM2 in comparison with the group having COPD was observed. Moreover negative correlations between the parameters of PFTs in different groups and the degree of carbohydrate metabolism disorders were detected.Conclusions: PFT indexes of patients having obstructive pulmonary pathology on the background of carbohydrate metabolism disorder tend to decrease due to different factors, especially glication of proteins.

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a severe form of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Aim. The aim of current study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical manifestation of BO after allo-HSCT. Methods. The study included 1189 adult patients who received allo-HSCT at R.M.Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Academician I.P.Pavlov First Federal Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia in 2008 – 2019. BO was diagnosed according to the US National Institutes of Health criteria (2014), including pulmonary function test (PFT) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. We analyzed the cumulative incidence of BO with competing events, risk factors in the Fine – Gray regression model, clinical symptoms, BO severity, and bronchial obstruction formation dynamics. Results. BO was diagnosed in 42 (3.5%) patients. Cumulative incidence of BO was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.2 – 2.7), 3.9 (95% CI, 2.8 – 5.2) и 4.5% (95% CI, 3.2 – 6.1) at 1, 3, and 5 years after allo-HSCT, respectively. The median time of BO onset and diagnosis was 321 (86 – 1 771) and 371 (161 – 2 134) days, respectively. Risk factors were HLAmismatched unrelated and haploidentical donor (ОР – 2.301, 95% CI, 1.247 – 4.246; p = 0.0076), myeloablative conditioning (ОР – 2.544, 95% CI, 1.384 – 4.674; p = 0.0026) and GVHD prophylaxis without posttransplant cyclophosphamide (ОР – 2.152, 95% CI, 1.154 – 4.013; p = 0.0160). The clinical manifestation included cough (88 %) and shortness of breath (90%). Bronchial wall thickening (95%) and expiratory air trapping (79%) were frequent chest HRCT findings. Mild, moderate, and severe BO was identified in 9 (21%), 12 (29%), and 21 (50%) patients, respectively. The median forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ) was 39% (20 – 74). The most significant loss of bronchial conductivity was between day + 100 and 1 year after allo-HSCT. Conclusion. The large cohort study provided details on current incidence, risk factors, and clinical features of BO after HSCT. The results create the basis for predicting and early diagnosis of BO after allo-HSCT

The ideas about the content of the concept of “geoecological space”, types, scientifi c content and applied tasks, types of systems studied by geoecology, theoretical foundations of which are developed on the basis of the concept of environmental functions of abiotic spheres of the Earth are characterized. Types and groups of indicators used to assess geoecological conditions.

Six scientific-informative paradoxes of the current state of geoecology are determined. New theoretical foundations of geoecology as an interdisciplinary science, developed on the basis of the concept of ecological functions of Earth abiotic spheres, are formulated. They include ideas about the content, object, subject, logical and scientific structures of geoecology, geoecological conditions and their condition, the position of geoecology in the system of sciences about the Earth and the biosphere.

The surface layer of an obstacle made of U8 steel is investigated after high-speed exposure to a flow of powder particles. After analyzing the frames of high-speed photography, the average velocities of movement of particles of tungsten and titanium carbide powders were determined. It is shown that the shock-wave loading of the barrier material and the effect of particles accelerated by the explosion energy provide a change in the physical and mechanical properties of the surface and the volume of the steel barrier material.

This work is devoted to studying the structural and morphological properties of a silver colloidal solution obtained by the method of electrical-spark discharge in distilled water. Silver nanoparticles are formed as a result of metal sputtering from the surfaces of silver electrodes, between which a high-voltage electric discharge is generated. The solution is stabilized by forming a layer of anions around the nanoparticles. The structural characteristics of the colloidal solution are studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The ionic composition is determined qualitatively using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, while silver concentration is measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

Two variants of gene-activated hydrogels based on sodium alginate containing plasmid DNA with the gene of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) are developed. The former represented alginate hydrogel without additional components; the latter contained up to 25 wt % of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) micrograins. Alginate-based hydrogels without OCP are characterized by a honeycomb structure with the pore size of 50–200 μm and mechanical compression strength of 0.2 MPa. Addition of OCP micrograins results in filling of the polymer framework by them and an increase in the compression strength to 0.57 MPa at 16.7 wt % of OCP with a decrease to 0.49 MPa with an increase in the OCP content to 20 wt %. Both variants of gene-activated hydrogels induce reparative myogenesis in the central zone of muscle defect; a larger number of MyoG+ cells and newly formed MyH7B+ muscle fibers are identified as compared to analogous hydrogels without plasmid DNA after two weeks after surgery (p < 0.05).

Universal encoding method of an arbitrary set of sources without memory generating letters of an infinite alphabet is proposed. The probabilities of the input alphabet letter appearance are a geometric progression. The proposed method is weakly universal for the set of all geometric sources. If the denominator of the geometric progression exceeds δ, δ > 0, the proposed encoding is universal. Redundancy estimates are obtained for an arbitrary subset of geometric sources.

Redundancy of the universal coding by nonequivalent symbols for Markov sources given by matrices of transient probabilities with a fixed number of different rows is found. As a consequence, the estimates of redundancy for Markov sources with memory $$s$$ and for Mealy Markov sources given by a graph are obtained. The rate of decrease in redundancy dependent on the graph characteristics, the length of the coded unit, and the channel bandwidth capacity is established.

The concept of a digital twin of an automated process control system (APCS) of a thermal power plants (TPPs) is considered. The principles of its formation and use are proposed on the basis of a design database developed within the framework of a computer-aided design (CAD) system for thermal automation and measurements. Examples of design automation systems aimed at solving similar problems are given and the features of the proposed CAD system are indicated. The typical structure of the APCS and the relationship of its main components—sensors, cables, executive and switchboard devices, signal connection tables, as well as the software and hardware complex (composition and distribution of modules of communication devices with an object)—are described. A description of the project database’s structure is given, which provides comprehensive work with both project documentation and information about the main components of the APCS. The sequence in execution of design procedures and links between the design database and the CAD database during their implementation are shown. Methods for increasing the productivity of designers are considered, such as the use of standard solutions in the organization of measurements and control schemes for actuators of thermal power plants, multiple use of information with a single input, and synthesis of text and graphic design documentation based on the project database. It is proposed to use a digital twin at all stages of the object’s life cycle: during design, installation, commissioning, and operation. The effectiveness of working with information thanks to an intuitive interface for navigating through the project was demonstrated. Examples of objects, in the implementation of which the considered CAD system was used, are given.

This paper is dedicated to the anniversary of Academician Nikolai Nikolayevich Semyonov at the Russian Academy of Sciences, a Nobel Prize winner. Here, we familiarize scientists working in the field of the physics of explosion and shock waves with the analysis of data obtained in studies that have not been sufficiently studied. The analysis leads to a deeper understanding of the mechanism of chemical transformation of explosives and other condensed media in shock-wave processes.

The level of noise intensity in the pumping rooms, where centrifugal pumps of the 8-ND, 10-MS, etc. types worked, ranges from 88 to PO dB.

The issue presents the results of studies of methods for increasing the corrosion resistance of fuel claddings made from zirconium alloy E110, performed at the SRC RF TRINITI, using coatings (Al, Al2O3, Cr) by pulsed laser deposition, as well as magnetron sputtering and galvanic deposition of chromium. Also presented some results of studies of adhesion, microstructure and corrosion resistance of chromium coatings deposited by various methods. It was revealed that the corrosion resistance of the cladding of fuel rods with chrome coatings at temperatures of 1100 – 1200 °С practically does not depend on the method of their application. However, the coating method has a significant effect on their adhesion, with coatings obtained by atomic deposition methods and characterized by a continuous uniform structure have the greatest adhesion. The depth of oxidation of the outer surface of the cladding of a fuel rod when applying a chromium coating decreases by an average of 30 times for sponge-based alloy E110.

The presented system for the theoretical and experimental evaluation of images obtained in a holographic microscope can be directly used for the diagnostics of industrial products during the manufacturing process. It is found that controlling the positioning of the cathode–research object in a holographic microscope can be effectively carried out by monitoring the substrate current. The resolution of the coordinate-sensitive detector of the microscope is calculated to be 400−0.4 nm. It is shown that continuous monitoring of the conditions of experimental research is necessary to obtain an informative image because each object under study is essentially unique. Test studies of thin aluminum films are performed.

The principles of the formation and use of the “digital twin” of a digital substation automation system based on the design database developed as part of a computer-aided design of secondary switching circuits (CAD CVC) are considered. A description of the design database structure and the information model, that provides integrated work both with circuit diagrams and installation documentation, and with digital exchange models in accordance with IEC 61850, is given. Auser interface for searching information is presented. It is proposed to use the “digital twin” at all stages of the object’s life cycle: design, installation, commissioning, and operation.

Experiments were conducted on high-energy surface treatment of a structural steel substrate with a flow of tungsten, nickel, and titanium nitride powder particles. The impact pressure of the steel target and particles accelerated by explosion energy was estimated using the momentum conservation equation and the linear equation of the particle material shock adiabat. It was found that the impact pressure of the target and particles is 62 GPa for a tungsten particle, 48 GPa for a nickel particle, and 41 GPa for a titanium nitride particle. The heating temperature of particles during their collision with the steel target surface was calculated taking into account the conditions of mass and momentum conservation at the shock wave front. The maximum heating temperature of particles at the point of their collision with the substrate surface (at a particle velocity of 2000 m/s) is 1103 K for tungsten particles, 755 K for nickel particles, and 589 K for titanium nitride particles. It was shown that the steel target strength increases when it is subjected to high-energy treatment with a flow of particles. The maximum hardening of the steel target surface layer increases by 32–55 % compared to initial microhardness and is observed at a depth of 2–4 mm from the treatment surface. Then it decreases to the value of starting material microhardness (170 HV) at a distance of 15–20 mm from the treated surface.

The authors discuss the mechanism of breaking coal by blasting with a view to optimizing this method of dynamic treatment of coal and improving drilling-and-basting performance. A combination model of high gassy coal is used to describe the connection between coal breaking by blasting and subsequent gas liberation. This model and the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics method are used to study evolution of damage zones and stress–strain behavior of coal in the neighborhood of a blasthole after explosion. The research findings help predict coal response to the dynamic impact.

Patients with a combination of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) crossed phenotype (CP) BA and COPD are a separate nosological group. CP BA and COPD is a multifactorial disease. There is a hypothesis that genetic control of CP BA and COPD development at the posttranscriptional level is carried out by regulation of gene expression involving microRNA (miR) miR-21 and miR-146a; these molecules can be considered as potential diagnostic markers of CP BA and COPD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-21, miR-146a in male with a combination of BA and COPD compared to those with isolated BA and COPD. Materials . We examined male patients (n = 65) (n = 48: 19 patients with CP BA and COPD; 14 patients with BA and COPD) and control group (n = 17). All the patients underwent a comprehensive clinical-laboratory and instrumental examination. The expression of miR-21, miR-146a was estimated in peripheral blood by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results . CP BA and COPD have lower levels of miR-21 and miR-146a than the BA, COPD, and control groups. CP BA and COPD patients have low levels of miR-21 and miR-146a associated with shorter duration of the disease and the presence of comorbid pathology (hypertension, angina pectoris), revealed in patients with the disease debut at an older age. Low miR-21 was associated with lower reversibility of bronchial obstruction in these patients, despite eosinophilic inflammation in the bronchi. Conclusion . It has been demonstrated that within the framework of complex diagnostics of CP BA and COPD in males it is reasonable to evaluate miR-146a and miR-21 expression in peripheral blood. MicroRNA miR-146a and miR-21 are promising molecular targets for phenotype-specific therapy in males with CP BA and COPD.

Using a simple but rather general method of constructing Cayley graphs with trivial vertex stabilizers, we give an example of an infinite locally finite Cayley graph (and, hence, an example of an infinite connected locally finite vertex-symmetric unimodular graph) which is isolated in the space of connected locally finite vertex-symmetric graphs. We also give examples of Cayley graphs which are not isolated in this space but are isolated from the set of connected vertex-symmetric finite graphs.

BACKGROUND: a comparative analysis of laboratory and instrumental tests at patients with bronchial obstructive diseases seems very actual due to the wide prevalence of these diseases. THE AIM: to evaluate characteristics of spirometry as well as allergic (total IgE, sputum eosinophils) and infectious (blood and sputum leucocytes, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen) inflammation markers at patients with bronchial obstructive diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 104 case histories of patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and overlap were analyzed including age, duration of smoking (pack-years), laboratory (clinical blood test, biochemical blood test, general sputum analysis, sputum culture) and instrumental (spirometry, body plethysmography, echocardiography) tests. Data were processed statistically with non-parametric methods. RESULTS: COPD patients were older than other groups’ patients, had the highest pack-years index. ACO patients were marked with maximal TLC and Raw, minimal FEV1, FEF25-75, FEV1/FVC. Patients with COPD had the highest inflammation markers (leucocyte count, CRP, fibrinogen). CONCLUSION: high active inflammation may cause severe lower airways possibility disorders at patients with COPD. Data related to a possible role of K. pneumoniaе in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation in lower airways are of significant interest. Patients with ACO occupy an intermediate position between asthma and COPD patients based on clinical and functional features.

Optimization of the reparative regeneration of striated skeletal muscle tissue is actual for clinical practice. Volumetric muscle loss usually heals through the fibrous scar formation. Herein, there are numerous of methods under developed focused on reparative myogenesis induction. One of the promising approaches in this area is formed by gene-activated materials, particularly, in the hydrogel form. We developed a gene-activated hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid and plasmid DNA with the gene of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Firstly, we showed a biocompatibility of the product in the subcutaneous test in mice. Using marker plasmid DNA carrying the luciferase gene, prolonged delivery of gene constructs to cells in vivo with a peak in transgene expression at day 7 was confirmed, while the same plasmid DNA in an aqueous solution provided a maximum level of delivery at day 1. Being implanted into a volumetric defect of the anterior tibial muscle in rats the gene-activated hydrogel activated angiogenesis in 2 weeks after surgery and induced MYH7B+-muscle fibers formation in the central zone of the defect at average number 50,0±16,1 and 21,8±10,5 in 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, whereas a hydrogel without plasmid DNA did not have any myogenic effects. Thus, plasmid DNA with VEGFA in the sodium alginate-based hydrogel induced angiogenesis in the volumetric muscle loss model and stimulated reparative myogenesis that could be used for further development of products effective for treatment of patients with muscle pathology.