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The article presents an integrated approach to considering the tourism vector of Karelian Arctic development. Six municipalities of the Republic of Karelia, included into the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, have become a model site for the study. Severe natural and climatic North conditions, along with challenges of socio-economic development, actualize the perspective of tourism and recreation, including for the local population. For the first time in the study, the territory of the Karelian Arctic was comprehensively examined from the standpoint of tourist and recreational development. The study analyzes tourist and recreational potential, tourist infrastructure, including infrastructure of accommodation, catering, leisure and recreation, tourist flow and types of tourism; projects of tourist orientation, strategic directions of tourism development in the municipal context. The opinion of the residents of the Karelian Arctic about the tourist and recreational development of the territory is also taken into account, and limitations and current challenges are highlighted. The study reveals the diversity of municipal districts in the Karelian Arctic in terms of tourism and recreational potential, the degree of tourist development of the territory, tourism development opportunities, the constraints. Despite the existing limitations, on the basis of the identified opportunities, the significance of the tourism development vector of the Karelian Arctic is shown as a promising direction of domestic tourism in the Russian North, as well as a tool to restore physical and emotional strength of the local population.

Introduction. Reinforced concrete structures affected by various aggressive environments operate under off-center compression. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars replacing steel reinforcement in these structures are capable of increasing their durability and decreasing operating costs. However, the use of FRP rebars is limited by insufficient previous research into the methods of designing such constructions. The majority of international regulatory technical documents concerning the design of concrete structures reinforced with FRP rebars indicate the necessity of detailed studies into the stress-strain state of these structures under compression.Aim. To study the effect of longitude and shear reinforcement on load-bearing characteristic of stressed concrete samples reinforced with longitudinal glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars.Materials and methods. The study was carried out using a concrete prism sample with different parameters of longitudinal and shear reinforcement. Five types of GFRP rebars differing in mechanical properties, as well as anchorage were considered. Shear reinforcement of the samples was performed with metal clamps at different pitches. The sample testing was fulfilled using centric compression with static load.Results. The strength values of compressed concrete samples reinforced with GFRP rebars were obtained. An increase of up to 19 % in the strength of compressed concrete samples reinforced with GFRP rebars was found in comparison with non-reinforced samples.Conclusions. The strength of compressed concrete elements increases when reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer rebars. The degree of increase in the strength of such elements depends on the number of longitudinal reinforcements, as well as shear reinforcement pitch. The effect of the type of anchorage of GFRP rebars along with the values of its compression resistance on the strength of compressed concrete elements have not been established.

The European North of the Russian Federation is a unique northern (Arctic) tourist destination with ecologically vulnerable system, original traditions and culture of the locals, attracting Russian and in-ternational tourists. The aim of the work is to form a comprehensive view of the development of tourism in the European North of the Russian Federation based on identifying general trends and specifics of its development in the regional context. The model platform is six constituent regions of the European North of the Russian Federation (the Republics of Karelia and Komi, Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Murmansk oblasts, as well as the Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The research is based on investigation of seven main blocks: tourist and recreational potential and its promotion in the Internet; development of tourist infrastructure; strategies of the tourism development; dynamics of tourist flows (domestic and organized international); economic factor in the development of domestic tourism; regions in the National Tourism Rating; factors hindering tourism development. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of tourism in the European North is presented. The study is based on open statistical data from Rosstat, the official website of the National Tourism Rating for the period 20162020. The median indicators are calculated in the work. The results of the study allow us to form a general idea of the development of tourism in the Russian regions of the European North. The specific characteristics and general trends of the regional development of tourism in the regions are revealed.

Introduction. The development of the Arctic Region and oil and gas fields in the North Atlantic Ocean leads to an increase in the production of high-strength concrete structures. Thus, it is becoming increasingly vital to make such low-permeability concretes more freeze-thaw resistant.Aim. To conduct experimental studies for obtaining reliable data required to develop a standardized approach to the normalization of freeze-thaw / frost-salt resistance parameters characterizing high-strength concretes.Materials and methods. The study was performed using concretes of eight compositions (B60–B100 compressive strength grades). The freeze-thaw/frost-salt resistance of high-strength concretes was determined using the third rapid method involving the saturation, freezing, and thawing of samples in a 5 % sodium chloride solution, as well as assessment of freeze-thaw resistance in terms of strength, mass variation, and the dynamic modulus of elasticity. A variety of methods for increasing the water saturation of highstrength concrete were examined in order to expedite the testing process of high-strength concrete for freeze-thaw resistance.Results. The studies into the freeze-thaw/frost-salt resistance of high-strength B60-B100 concretes revealed their high freeze-thaw resistance. Following 37 freeze-thaw cycles, the lower confidence limit for the strength of test samples was higher than that of control samples multiplied by a coefficient of 0.9. The frost-resistance grade of these concretes is above F2 300. No critical decrease in the dynamic modulus of elasticity is observed, which indicates a significant freeze-thaw/frost-salt resistance of all tested highstrength concrete compositions.Conclusions. The freeze-thaw resistance studies of high-strength concretes carried out at NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev yielded experimental data required to subsequently develop a standardized approach to the normalization of freeze-thaw/frost-salt resistance parameters characterizing high-strength concretes.

In the context of increasing interest in the development of the tourist and recreational sphere of activity, the rating of Russian regions, which makes it possible to identify leaders and outsiders in the development of domestic and international inbound tourism, is one of the effective tools for strategic planning and management at the federal and regional levels of government, at the same time contributing to the formation of preferences of Russian citizens about the possibilities of leisure and recreation. The aim of the study is to identify typological groups of Russian regions and the main trends in the development of their tourist attractiveness based on the dynamics of the values of the National Tourist Rating for the period 2016-2020. The approach based on the dynamics of the values of the National Tourism Rating for the period 2016-2020 and their medians allows us to identify typological groups of the regions of the Russian Federation in terms of tourist attractiveness, oftourist potential and popularity among domestic and foreign tourists, as well as to determine the main trends in its development.The open data of the official website of the National Tourism Rating for the period 2016-2020 as well as scientific developments on the issues under study by Russian researchers are used. The analysis revealed five typological groups of Russian regions in terms of the level of tourist attractiveness: high (12.9%), increased (16.5%), medium (18.8%), insufficient (32.9%) and low (18.8%). In addition, three main trends in the development of regional tourist attractiveness have been identified. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourist development of Russian regions is different. The part of the regions of the Russian Federation received benefits and strengthened their positions with varying degrees of growth in the National Tourism Rating (38.8%), a large share reduced their values (47%), the fifth part of the regions retained their positions in the ranking (21.2%). The material is of interest to researchers focusing on the tourist competitiveness and tourist attractiveness of Russia in general and in the regional context, to regional authorities, specialists as well as students of specialized institutions.

Acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract occupy a leading position in the structure of the pathology of the world’s population and remain the most frequent reason for patients seeking medical care. The prevalence and frequency of this disease in this nosological group makes a decisive contribution to the structure of the causes of temporary disability, which entails significant negative social and economic consequences. In this aspect, the spread of resistance of pathogens to etiotropic drugs and the insufficient arsenal of pathogenetic drugs stimulate the medical community to search for alternative approaches to the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology. One of these therapeutic areas is the use of immunomodulators, the most commonly used group of which are bacterial lysates. In the modern literature, sufficiently convincing data have been accumulated on the effectiveness of the use of bacterial lysates of systemic action, as a result of which the immune cells of the gastrointestinal tract are activated, which in turn leads to the restoration of autoregulation of the immune response throughout the body, and a decrease in the frequency of infectious and allergic diseases. The latest developments of domestic pharmacologists are topical bacterial lysates, the principle of which is based on the local activation of mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. The undoubted advantage is that bacterial lysates, with all their effectiveness, do not harm the human microbiome, practically do not cause side reactions, combine well with other drugs, and can also be used at any stage of the disease, including for prophylactic purposes.

In order to determine the clinical significance of exercise stress echocardiography in patients with severe to moderate aortic stenosis, a stress-induced increase in the mean pressure gradient across the aortic valve was recorded and myocardial contractile reserve was assessed using a number of parameters (ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, elasticity index). It was found that, with normal values of EF at rest in patients with severe and moderate aortic stenosis, the deficit in contractile function was revealed using the GLS index, which demonstrated a decrease in both groups at the peak of exercise. A decrease in contractile reserve by both parameters (EF and GLS) was found in the group of patients with severe AS, which, combined with a significant stress-induced increase in the gradient on the aortic valve (≥18–20 mm Hg), an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (> 60 mm Hg) and decrease in systemic systolic blood pressure (>20 mm Hg) should be considered as a predictors of a poor prognosis of the natural course of aortic valve disease, and patients with similar stress test results should be possible candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement. A decrease in the in the LV elasticity index augmentation at the peak of exercise, strongly correlated with changes in other considered parameters of contractility and the metabolic power of exercise (MET), significantly complements the functional characteristics of the lesion for choosing the optimal management strategy. Consequently, exercise stress echocardiography is an indispensable diagnostic tool for determining the prognosis and timing of surgery in patients with aortic stenosis.

Objective of the study: to determine the relationship between the total weight gain during pregnancy and the development of rhinitis during pregnancy. The study involved 49 pregnant women with symptoms of rhinitis during pregnancy, aged 24 to 41 years (30,4 ± 0,6 years), and 33 pregnant women without symptoms of rhinitis aged 20 to 38 years (mean age 29,7 ± 0,7 years). The study included the assessment of complaints, history taking, otorhinolaryngological examination, calculation of body mass index before pregnancy and by the time of delivery and estimation of total body weight gain during pregnancy, and follow-up study. Based on the study, statistically significant differences between body mass indexes by the time of delivery in study group and in healthy pregnant group were not revealed. However, in the group of women with pregnant rhinitis, the dynamics of body mass index (total weight gain) significantly exceeded this indicator in the control group (13,3 ± 0,9 kg and 10,5 ± 1,3 kg, respectively). Pathological weight gain during pregnancy was observed more often in women with pregnancy rhinitis who were overweight before pregnancy.

The study aims to examine travel preferences of Finnish cross-border tourists with special reference to the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Data were collected using paper-based and online surveys from 300 respondents travelling from Finland to the Russian Karelia. Although cross-border tourists are a significant part in the inbound tourist flow to Russian Karelia, several obstacles for this type of tourism have been revealed. Measures to stimulate Finnish tourists to travel to Russian Karelia are suggested. The results of this study can be used to improve Karelian tourist products by providing services as expected by tourists. The findings are limited to visitors of Russian Karelia and should therefore be interpreted with caution.

Изучена способность природных штаммов дрожжей расти в условиях высоких концентраций солей тяжёлых металлов и радионуклидов. Свыше 500 штаммов проверены на устойчивость к солям тяжёлых металлов (U, Cs, Sr, Ni, Ar, Cu, Cd, Co) и к повышенной температуре (t) (+37…+52 °C). Бόльшая часть изученных штаммов оказалась устойчива к одному или нескольким селективным факторам. С максимальной частотой — 36 и 26 % — возникают комбинации (t, Cd, Cu, Co) и (Cd, Cu, Co) соответственно. Установлена способность отобранных штаммов расти в условиях высокой концентрации радиоактивных изотопов Cs и Ni и связывать их с высокой эффективностью. Полученные результаты показали потенциальную возможность использования библиотеки природных микроорганизмов для осаждения как радионуклидов, так и тяжёлых металлов (основных загрязнителей природных и техногенных объектов), а также возможность применения выделенных и изученных штаммов микроорганизмов для концентрирования металлов из малообогащённых руд или из отходов добывающей промышленности. Обнаруженное разнообразие фенотипов свидетельствует о том, что существует, скорее всего, несколько механизмов устойчивости к высоким концентрациям тяжёлых металлов.

One of the most promising oil and gas areas of the Pechora Sea shelf is the Dolginsko-Papaninskaya structural zone. Commercial hydrocarbon content has been proved by exploration drilling for the Carboniferous – Lower Permian carbonate reservoirs at the southern part of the structural zone (Dolginskoye field). However huge oil and gas potential in this region may also be associated with the Ordovician - Lower Devonian complex. Gazprom Neft is conducting systematic exploration and research projects on the Pechora Sea shelf in order to clarify the geological and geophysical parameters of prospective objects. 3D seismic data provided for the three license blocks demonstrate erosion and hypergene transformation of the Lower Devonian carbonate rocks within the uplifts of the Dolginsko-Papaninskaya structural zone. This transformation is a result of the Middle Devonian restructuring. There are local structures where the Lower Devonian sediments are cut off and the regional Timan-Sargaevsky argillaceous seal rocks overlap the carbonate rocks of the Ovinparmian horizon (Lochkovian stage). Secondary transformation of Ovinparmian sediments (dolomitization, dissolution, fracturing etc.) provide formation of high capacity reservoirs. It is spoken in details about sedimentation models and diagenesis transformation of the Ovinparmian carbonate rocks. Hypergene zones are confidently traced according to the materials of seismic facies analysis. The estimated resource potential of the Lower Devonian prospective objects is comparable to the Carboniferous – Lower Permian carbonate complex. The data on probable analogous fields localized in the adjacent tectonic areas are presented in the paper

The article describes research and teaching activity of Denis Alexandrovich Gavrilov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior researcher with Soil Genesis Laboratory of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who died suddenly died young on August 26, 2021. He was also and enthusiastic and a hardworking publishing editor of the research journal Soils and Environment. The article briefly reviews of D.A. Gavrilov’s major publications presenting the results of his soil and combined soil and archeology studies, which he conducted both individually or in collaboration with other scientists from research and education institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan.

First records of diatom species from the Barents and East-Siberian seas, of Myxomycetes for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area — Yugra, Novosibirsk Region, Trans-Baikal Territory, Basidiomycetes for the Arkhangelsk, Novosibirsk, Rostov and Volgograd regions, Altai Republic, Altai Territory, lichens, calicioid and lichenicolous fungi for the Murmansk, Novgorod and Tver regions, bryophytes for the Lipezk, Voronezh and Volgograd regions, St. Petersburg, Stavropol Territory, Caucasus, Republic of Bashkortostan, Yamal and Gydan peninsulas, Trans-Baikal Territory, Magadan Region, Sakhalin Island, Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. Data on localities, habitats, distribution of recorded species are provided.

One of the most outstanding scientific achievements in the thrombolysis is the development and administration of fibrinolysin - the first Soviet drug that lyses blood clots. Intracoronary administration of fibrinolysin reduced the mortality of patients with myocardial infarction by almost 20%. For his work in this field Yevgeny Chazov was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1982. Over the next decades, under his leadership, the Cardiology Center established scientific and clinical laboratories that created new generations of drugs based on fibrinolytics for treating patients with myocardial infarction, restoration of blood flow in ischemic tissue, and also studying the mechanisms of remodeling of blood vessels involving the fibrinolysis system. It have been found new mechanisms of regulation of the navigation of blood vessels and nerves growth, tumor growth and its metastasis with the participation of the fibrinolysis system proteins. The review reports the role of the fibrinolysis system in the thrombolysis, blood vessels growth and remodeling, neurogenesis, carcinogenesis and fibrosis. The article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of academician E.I. Chazov.Одним из самых выдающихся научных достижений в области тромболизиса является разработка, создание и внедрение фибринолизина - первого советского препарата, разрушающего тромбы. Внутрикоронарное введение фибринолизина позволило снизить летальность больных инфарктом миокарда почти на 20%. За исследования в этой области в 1982 г. Евгений Иванович Чазов был удостоен Ленинской премии. В течение последующих десятилетий под его руководством в Кардиоцентре созданы научные и клинические лаборатории, в которых создавалось новое поколение препаратов на основе фибринолитиков для лечения больных инфарктом миокарда, восстановления кровоснабжения ишемизированной ткани, а также изучались механизмы ремоделирования кровеносных сосудов с участием системы фибринолиза. В результате научных исследований обнаружены новые механизмы регуляции направленного роста сосудов и нервов, роста опухоли и ее метастазирования с участием белков системы фибринолиза. В обзоре рассматривается современное представление о роли системы фибринолиза в разрушении тромба, роста и ремоделирования сосудов, нейрогенеза, канцерогенеза и фиброза. Статья посвящена 90-летию академика Е.И. Чазова.

Red deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) geophagia has been recorded using camera traps on five natural salt licks in Yakutia: the native part (two salt licks) and the expansion zone of its range (three salt licks). A chemical analysis has revealed that the content of most chemical elements is richer in animal solonetzic soils in the native part of the range than in soils of the invasive part. In total, 295 camera trap days were conducted. A total of 238 single and group visits of salt licks were recorded over this period. The stay of 300 red deer on salt licks, including repeat visits of the same individuals, was recorded. The identification of individuals by age and sex revealed only 55 individuals: 28 males and 27 females. The maximum number of deer in simultaneous geophagia was five individuals. The average duration of red deer geophagia (M ± m) was 13.8 ± 1.4 min (limit 1–98; n = 232). The duration of geophagia was 1.5 times longer in the invasive part of their range than in the native part. The intense visiting of salt licks by deer was registered in the darkest time of day, i.e., from 00:00 to 04:00, while the lowest number of visits was observed at sunset, i.e., from 20:00 to 00:00. The visitation of salt licks by months is higher in May–June and decreases from July. The sex ratio of individuals that visited the salt licks was 50.9% males and 49.1% females.

Ability of natural yeast strains to grow in conditions of high concentrations of heavy metal and radionuclides salts was studied. More than 500 strains were tested for resistance to salts of heavy metals (U, Cs, Sr, Ni, Ar, Cu, Cd, and Co) and to elevated temperature (t) (+37…+52 °C). Most of the strains tested were resistant to one or more selective factors. Combinations of (t, Cd, Cu, Co) and (Cd, Cu, Co) occurred with the highest frequencies: 36 and 26 %, respectively. Ability of isolated strains to grow in the presence of high concentrations of radioactive isotopes Cs and Ni and to bind them with high efficiency was established. The results showed the possibility of potential using of libraries of natural microorganisms for disposal of both radionuclides and heavy metals, which are the main pollutants of natural and anthropogenic objects, as well as the possibility of using of isolated and tested strains of microorganisms for concentrating metals from low-grade ores or mining industry waste. Phenotypes diversity revealed indicates probable existence of several mechanisms of resistance to high heavy metals concentrations.

The heat release of cement affects the quality and speed of concrete works, the implementation of the construction project management, and the durability of concrete structures, especially for massive hydraulic structures, in a construction of which sulfate-resistant cement is often used [1].

The Republic of Karelia, being a border region, is characterized by an advantageous economic and geographical position, unique natural, cultural and historical potential, preserved traditions and hospitality of the local population, which have made the region famous in the state and beyond. Along with the development of domestic tourism, the international tourist flow is of high importance for the border region. How attractive is the Karelian destination for foreign organized tourists? What is the role of the Republic of Karelia in the development of international tourism in the Northwest Russia and in the Russian Federation as a whole? Based on the analysis of open statistical data, the paper analyzes the trends in the development of international organized tourism in the Republic of Karelia. The study is based on an extensive data set for the period 2004–2021 according to seven calculated indicators. The advantageous position of the Republic of Karelia as a tourist destination in the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District in receiving Finnish tourists is shown. The analysis revealed a high degree of dependence of the regional tourism business, focused on servicing the international organized tourist flow, on the preferences and interests of the citizens of neighboring Finland. The study used the analysis of statistical information, methods of generalization, comparison and analogy.

The present work is an attempt to summarize, systematize, supplement and clarify the terms used in morphological description of diatoms and their taxonomy (systematics). Two glossaries (Russian and English) include definitions of near 300 key terms (excluding their synonyms) and their Latin translations.

Lateral and radial geochemical structure of bog catena soils of Western Siberia middle-taiga subzone has been investigated on the base of B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hf, W, Pb, Th, U and lanthanoides content. Bog catena is characterized with high contrast of radial distribution of most studied elements. Lateral differentiation is significantly lower than radial one and is monotonous for most elements. In bog catena soils of Western Siberia middle-taiga subzone there are investigated correlations between elements content and soils characteristics that are mainly determined by specific peculiarities of ecosystem development.

Приведены данные линейного прироста 3 видов мхов в средней тайге Западной Сибири, полученные за последние 3 года. Линейные приросты S. fuscum и S. magellanicum, растущих на повышенных элементах болотного микрорельефа, имеют сходную динамику, как по годам, так и по ключевым участкам, и зависят от годовой и летней суммы осадков. Средняя скорость прироста этих видов варьировала от 0.05 до 0.25 мм/день в зависимости от года исследования и ключевого участка. Прирост мочажинного вида S. balticum на 30% больше, чем линейный прирост мхов повышенных элементов микрорельефа, и имеет 2 пика – весенний и летний. Максимальная скорость прироста S. balticum приходится на летний период и составляет 0.55 мм/день, при средней скорости – 0.23 мм в день. Первичная продукция S. fuscum была выше продукции S. magellanicum, при этом продукция обоих видов различалась по годам и между ключевыми участками. Продукция S. magellanicum была наибольшей на западе региона, постепенно снижаясь к востоку.

First records of diatom species for St. Petersburg, the Leningrad Region and the Volgograd Region, first records of aphyllophoroid fungi for the Volgograd Region and first records of bryophyte species for St. Petersburg, the Novgorod Region and the Republic of Mordovia are provided. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution are provided.

The main purpose of the article is to present possibilities of the method of relief plastic with the forecast of of oil deposits. The method is developed, formalized and mathematically confirmed by the group of scientists of Pushchino scientific center headed by Professor I.N. Stepanova in the 80-ies of 20th century [Stepanov et al., 1977; Stepanov, 2006] In the process of long-term studies of the behavior of lithodynamic structures and systems, the method was successfully tested in the fields of Krasnodar Region, Astrakhan Region, Western Siberia, Kalmykia, Argentina, Venezuela, Kuwait, USA, etc. Currently, this set of operations is called by scientists-developers of the method lithodynamic or paleostructural analysis. The method includes: the imaging technology of lithodynamic structures and systems in the Earth’s surface by contours of the structural, topographic and bathymetric charts; analysis of the forms of lithodynamic structures and systems; outlook (recommendations)of the provisions of the hydrocarbons. The case study of Africa has highlighted the analysis of the lithodynamic structures identified by the method of relief plastic and the possibility of their use. It is assumed that the largest deposits of hydrocarbons in Africa are interrelated. Our roadmap of lithodynamic systems and linear structures, though just a cartographic model, however, has a high degree of probability that has been proven in research fields not only in Africa but in the West Kuban trough (joint work with JSC “NK Rosneft”), West Siberia (JSC “LUKOIL”), Kalmykia (JSC “NC “Kalmneft””) and other deposits of the globe (Argentina, Kuwait, USA, Kazakhstan). This method can be used in the search for new oil and gas deposits within the earth’s surface.

The influence of genetic and paratypical factors on milk productivity has been studied for many years, but the influence of genotypes was considered as belonging to a genealogical line, which does not give correct results in terms of genetics, the influence of homo- and heterozygosity. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that for the first time a genome-wide study was carried out on the breeding stock of cattle in the Sverdlovsk region and the relationships between the influence of some genes and the paratype on milk productivity were established. In order to maximally reveal the influence of genotypes, farms with the same technological conditions, but giving a significant difference in milk productivity and quality, were selected. Analysis of complete genotypes by the method of principal components showed the genetic homogeneity of the sample, which forms a large general cluster, corresponding to the general trend of Holsteinization of black-and-white cattle. The influence of the environmental factor on productivity indicators turned out to be significant, with the exception of the proportion of protein in the third lactation, all of them were statistically significantly different P

The identification of lethal and unwanted mutations in populations of black-and-white cattle breeding remains relevant, despite the fact that, in modern conditions, breeding bulls are being investigated for a wide range of known genetic anomalies. The broodstock not only of commercial farms, but also of breeding ones, remains not examined for mutations that are associated with economic losses due to the nonviability of the offspring and perinatal losses, the causes of which cannot be identified excluding infectious and alimentary factors. The genotyping of the broodstock carried out for the first time in the Sverdlovsk region confirms the presence in herds of mutant forms of the CD18 and SLC35A3 gene alleles in a latent state. In the studied herds, regardless of their breeding status, the carriage of BLAD and CVM anomalies is observed from 2.08% to 13.51% and from 2.70% to 7.55%, respectively. In some farms, carriage of two mutations reaches 16.21%. The results obtained demonstrate the prevalence of carriage of the studied alleles in most genealogical lines of bulls of the Holstein root. Thus, in the Vis Bek Aydial 933122 line, six daughters from six sire bulls were found to carry these mutant loci, in the Reflection Sovering 198998 lines in eight daughters from three sire bulls and in the Montvik Chief 95679 line in three daughters from three bulls. Lethal alleles of both genes were found in each line. In breeding organizations, it is necessary to conduct research on the carriage of lethal and unwanted genes, especially in a group of cows-mothers of replacement bulls, to prevent the spread of anomalies in the breed.

The paper deals with the possibilities of soil maps, constructed by the method of plastic of relief, to distinguish soil differences based on their association with specific relief forms. It gives examples of the ecological and economic assessment of lands in the Kashirsky district (Moscow region), which were carried out with the help of a map of plastic of relief. The method of plastic of relief was developed by Professor I.N. Stepanov in the eighties of the last century. The authors give a comparative analysis of the results of soil mapping by the traditional method and the method of plastic of relief. Using the example of soil maps of the Ozherelyevsky state farm, they discuss the advantages of the method of plastic of relief for representing soil differences on different relief elements. The soils of the Ozherelyevsky state farm are shown on the map as flows. The hierarchy of height levels of flows is shown. These levels correspond to specific soils according to V.V. Dokuchaev (normal, transitional, soils of depressions). The flows revealed by the method of plastic of relief have a specific direction in space. Due to this quality, it’s concluded that it’s possible to determine the ways of transport of geochemical substances and contaminants in space. This is important to take into account when carrying out reclamation work. The map at the design stage allows structuring land use in the most optimal way and taking a differentiated approach to the economic assessment of lands involved in production.

The method involves isolating and culturing ex vivo cultures of mouse dorsal root ganglia and abdominal aorta in a three-dimensional gel (Matrigel). Unlike other explant cultures, this technique allows to study the physiological and biochemical processes in the tissue explants of dorsal root ganglia and abdominal aorta in three-dimensional space but in contrast to a two-dimensional adhesive culture. Administration of the tested substances to the Matrigel allows analyzing their effects on the growth of blood vessels and neurites from the explants for 21 days. The developed method can be applied in modern cardiological and neurobiological research and explores how new therapeutic agents can accelerate the regeneration of blood vessels and nerves.

Patterns of expansion of geographical ranges of red deer and Siberian roe deer in Yakutia during the 20th century are considered. The area inhabited by red deer in Yakutia has increased almost fourfold over the past 50 years, with an expansion of over 200000 km2 toward the northwest. The geographical range of roe deer in the Lena–Amga interfluve has also changed considerably during the same period. Roe deer sightings in the subarctic zone were reported. The structure of geographical ranges of the species under investigation in different ecological and geographical regions of Yakutia is discussed, and the factors influencing the transformation of geographical range borders are characterized.

Recently it has been found that the urokinase receptor (uPAR) and its ligands - urokinase (uPA) and SRPX2 protein play an important role in the development and functioning of the brain. There is a strong association between uPAR gene polymorphism and autism disorders in humans. Patients with autism, intractable lobe epilepsy, verbal dyspraxia and perisylvian polymicrogyria display significant changes in uPAR expression. Mice, lacking the uPAR gene develop epilepsy and demonstrate abnormal social behavior. uPA and SRPX2 protein, have been shown to be involved in pathological brain conditions such as autism, cognitive deficits and language disorders. Urokinase system that stimulates blood vessel growth as demonstrated before, also plays an important role in the regulation of the nerve growth via matrix remodeling and activation of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors. Moreover, the urokinase system also functions as a guidance system which determines the growth trajectory of the vessels' and nerves' in tissue regeneration. This review summarizes and integrates the results and recent progress in the field of uPAR and its endogenous ligands in brain development and cognitive functions.

This work presents some results of studying the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the kinetics of the formation of calcium hydrosilicate from boron-containing mineral feedstock processing wastes, namely, borogypsum. Kinetic parameters and rate constants were determined for the synthesis reactions of calcium hydrosilicate from borogypsum under ultrasonic treatment conditions and conventional stirring.