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National security in the media sphere is becoming a multifaceted task related to the implementation of Russia’s cultural sovereignty in the context of digital transformation. Strategic planning for the development of the national media space involves domestic political and diplomatic decisions of a conceptual nature that can ensure the unity of the international information space while countering threats: (1) propaganda of violent extremism, (2) popularization of destructive ideology, (3) reduction of cultural capital level of the party in power and opposition. Operational plans for ensuring media security quite often follow the logic of situational response to threats posed by enemies and implement protective measures in relation to the media space at the national level. In methodological terms, the media security of the state is characterized by systemic practices of ensuring information security (in formal legal analysis), and analysis of threats to cognitive and noospheric security (in the natural science study of communication processes). The research methodology involves the use of the method of participant observation inherent in noxology to classify threats emanating from the mass media. Among the main objectives of the article: analysis of modern Russian political and legal documents aimed at ensuring media security and countering extremism, characterizing the Russian policy of securitization of social problems in the media sphere, delimiting legal political struggle from criminal (extremist and destructive) practices of political communication. The objectives of the study include the analysis of foreign experience in ensuring national media security in the context of digitalization and the growing threat of violent extremism. The logic of competition in the digital cultural space practically excludes the use of secrecy, censorship and forcing the audience to watch propaganda in the process of ensuring media security. Public relations in the media sphere involves the choice of media content by the audience of the global information space, which means that the protection of national spiritual and moral values is implemented in the liberal paradigm and demands open dialogue between the party in power and the opposition on topical issues of national security.

Sanctions regimes are a factor in Russia’s development for many years. The state as a whole is ready to repel new threats. However, the consequences of sanctions, as well as ways to overcome them, are pronounced regional in nature. The role of St. Petersburg in improving industrial policy and import substitution is very great. For cities of the rank of St. Petersburg, special economic regimes adopted in relation to Russia are not only new challenges, but also the possibility of accelerated development.

The article analyzes the most important details and factors of the victory of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk, which became a key battle during the Great Patriotic War. As a source base, the authors actively use various data not only from Russian, but also from German historiography, including memoiristics. Some observations and conclusions are very relevant in connection with modern international relations.

The article shows that in general, the border and coastal regions, closely integrated into the global economy, benefit more from the positive foreign economic situation and, accordingly, lose more in case of deterioration. St. Petersburg has historically been associated with both the West and the East, adapting to changing conditions to a certain extent. The authors raise the question of adapting existing strategic planning documents based on new challenges that turned out to be larger than previously expected.

The Soviet experience of economic management was formed taking into account the experience of the American and European industrial management of the industrial revolution of the late 19th century. In turn, the Soviet model became the subject of close analysis in the West by the end of the second five-year plan. Contrary to the general consensus, attention was drawn not only to the question of the depth of the market, but also to the ratio of territorial and sectoral administration.

The article deals with the issues of economic security in the context of the modern interpretation of post-globalization. After analyzing the existing definitions of the concept of “economic security”, the authors came to the conclusion that the implementation of Russia’s national interests and priorities in the economic sphere is impossible without taking into account the regional factor. The Northwestern Federal District is of particular importance for the system of strategic priorities of regional security due to historical, geographical, and economic reasons. A universal understanding of security presupposes a particularly attentive attitude to key regions. Let us point out that this corresponds to all world approaches to understanding economic security

The mobilization economy should not be perceived as synonymous with improving governance efficiency. The mobilization of the economy and the relevant authorities is a temporary, specifically historical phenomenon. On the other hand, the desire to improve the efficiency of economic management is a task constantly facing any modern society.

The territorial-political structure of the Russian Empire has been studied quite well. The challenge is adapting historical knowledge to current management practices. Russia was not an empire, but it was also not a classical federation. Approximately 35 % of the country was governed in special regimes. This design can be criticized, but this management model did not catalyze the disaster of the beginning of the 20th century. The causes of the crisis were related to public administration issues. In turn, the study of the territorial-political structure will reveal not only the weak, but also the strengths of the management model of imperial Russia.

In the 21st century, innovations are necessary because they allow us to withstand the rapidly changing and growing competition in a globalized world. Entrepreneurs who do not introduce innovations face stagnation and lagging behind competitors. Regardless of the size of the enterprise, the volume of production or the field of activity, innovation should be the hallmark of any modern enterprise. The innovation processes that take place at enterprises are determined by an extensive constellation of both internal and external conditions, which should be considered in the category of stimulators, as well as barriers to innovation. Enterprises can use various typical strategies to create and implement innovations. However, they must decide how to act innovatively, which strategy to choose and how to use it to ensure market success.The article discusses the basic concepts and definitions of innovative activity of the enterprise, considers various approaches to the formulation of the concepts of innovative activity and innovation system. The basic principles of the mechanism of management of innovative activity of the enterprise are defined. The stages of formation of the organizational and economic mechanism of innovation management were also investigated, the theoretical foundations of the formation of such a mechanism were worked out.

The nature of the tasks facing modern Russia requires not only a forecast of the future, but also a thorough study of the past, which is necessary to optimize management decisions. The experience of the State Planning Committee of the USSR in the last year has been repeatedly mentioned and discussed as an element of the economic history of the USSR, possible for future application.

Fundamental economic and political changes at the beginning of 2022 force us to revise or refine traditional approaches to issues of national economic development. The growing conflict leads to the fact that attention to the Arctic as a region is constantly increasing. The risks of economic interference of non-Arctic countries in the affairs of Russia have significantly increased. The ecology of the Arctic is becoming the subject of international speculation.

Модели управления, в том числе регионального управления, обладают определенной инерционностью.

Global instability as a factor in the change of world order increased gradually. The discussion about a new systemic crisis began already at a time when the world and Europe were still overcoming the consequences of the economic crisis of 2007–2009. However, we faced with not an economic and not even a political crisis, but a systemic destruction of the world order, which will no longer be restored. Ukraine has only shown that it is a weak link, where all global problems are integrated into a single whole and proposed for Russia’s solution.

The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, like any other Russian and international agglomeration, is not only a spatial, but also a socio-economic process. The genesis of agglomeration is associated with economic and political changes. Spatial change is the consequence of new economic and political challenges. The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration can and should be considered as a single integrated process, which does not mean denying the advisability of considering agglomeration by sector. This article addresses some issues in the western agglomeration sector.

In modern conditions, classical approaches to urbanization need to be supplemented. The concept of rural agglomerations based on the development of inter-territorial cooperation of local governments arose. The question about new criteria for the formation of agglomerations was raised. The concept of actual urban settlements, which involves taking into account the modern characteristics of environmental processes is proposed. The territorial base is the southern part of the Republic of Karelia.

At present, with the opportunities of the previous model of world economic development exhausted, only countries building alternative models of global cooperation will have good economic prospects. In this conditions the new role of Russia, China is traced. This article examines the experience and prospects of cooperation between Beijing and the Baltic countries, including within the framework of the well-known project “One Belt — One Way”.

In modern conditions, classical approaches to urbanization need to be supplemented. The concept of rural agglomerations based on the development of inter-territorial cooperation of local governments arose. The question about new criteria for the formation of agglomerations was raised. The concept of actual urban settlements is proposed, which involves taking into account the modern characteristics of environmental processes.

The elections held in the Republic of Belarus in August 2020 and the subsequent development of the political situation have significantly increased the economic risks for the country’s national economy. However, forecasts related to a significant weakening of the economy did not materialize. The Belarusian economy can be called “garrison” or “mobilization”, but it has passed a unique test for peacetime.

The foreign policy of some states does not always lend itself to rational explanation. The antithesis of the all-embracing rationality model was the model of incrementalism, first proposed by C. Lindblom, professor at Yale University. It was he who first noted that in the decision-making process there is a constant lack of knowledge, information, resources; and the role of uncertainty is great in the internal and external environment, which is difficult to control. However, even when ideally informed, politicians can make irrational decisions. Incrementalism as a theoretical approach draws attention to situations where decisions are not based on available and verified information. Political processes and relevant management decisions in Armenia and Belarus in 2020 indicate that the information quality and the management quality do not always correlate with each other.

Key approaches to territorial management known in the world have been tried (tested) in Russia since the time of the Moscow Principality. It is almost impossible to propose new ones, but previous practices are becoming new in signifcance. In the specifc economic and political conditions of 2021, several initiatives were announced and serious decisions were made regarding territorial administration in the Russian Federation. This proposal is devoted to this article.

The dependence of management decisions on information support is not a debatable issue for a long time. However, the changing quality of information creates both new challenges and new opportunities in the information and analytical field. The decision-making process, which would seem to be facilitated by digitalization, is actually becoming more complicated. As one of the main effects of digitalization, we note the apparent availability of information. In fact, simple facts that create an information network no longer become, moreover, they become smaller, or rather, their availability decreases. The necessary information sinks in the ocean of information noise. Echo chambers and filter bubbles exacerbate this problem. At the same time, the possibilities provided by the effects of echo cameras and information bubbles remain low.

The dependence of management decisions on information support is not a debatable issue for a long time. However, the changing quality of information creates both new challenges and new opportunities in the information and analytical field. The decision-making process, which would seem to be facilitated by digitalization, is actually becoming more complicated. As one of the main effects of digitalization, we note the apparent availability of information. In fact, simple facts that create an information network no longer become, moreover, they become smaller, or rather, their availability decreases. The necessary information sinks in the ocean of information noise. Echo chambers and filter bubbles exacerbate this problem.

The article argues that Russia as a “Eurasian civilization”, precisely as a “Eurasian” one, is the only civilization in the world. In the process of civilizational-Eurasian genesis, the historical synthesis of the “Western” (European) and “Eastern” (Asian) principles, expressed in its special value genome, is performed in it. Due to the “cold” climate in the Eurasian territory occupied by Russia, it is the highest energy-cost civilization and, therefore, — a civilization with the dominant role of the cooperation law. The Russian people, due to the peculiarity of their value aspirations, which F. M. Dostoevsky defined as “all-humanity”, became the founder of Russian civilization and the bearer of polyethnic cooperation (the Russian super-ethnos according to L. N. Gumilyov). As a “civilization of the Truth”, Russia is called upon to become a leader in the implementation of the noospheric strategy of mankind ecological survival, outside of which ecological destruction awaits them in the 21st century.

The economic integration of Russia and Belarus is determined not only by the traditional set of internal factors, but also by the increasing external influence. At the turn of 2020-2021, external factors have become decisive. Under these conditions, the stability of the Belarusian economic model and the nature of foreign economic relations between the two countries became key factors for an effective joint response to external challenges.

The scientific approach implies the desire to periodize any phenomenon of public life. In this context, globalization is not a unique object. Globalization as a process and a set of characteristics of development can be traced back to the formation of a single market in the late XIX — early XX cen- turies, and until now they cannot be considered in one array. It is obvious that more work may be devoted to this issue. The presented article attempts to show the significant characteristics of the generally recognized model of globalization of the late XX — early XXI centuries, already traditionally called “globalization 2.0.”An attempt was made to show the period of globalization 2.0 as relatively short-lived. Accordingly, the question was raised as to which globalization (or not globalization, but new regionalization) would dominate by the further development of existing processes, that is, globalization 3.0.

The article examines the experience of the Baltic States in reforming local self-government, the main problems typical for particular level of governing. The article substantiates the usefulness and applicability of the experience of the Baltic States in reforming the Russian system of local government, and suggests ways to solve the main problem — the discrepancy between the authorities of local self-government bodies and their financial capabilities.

After the victory in the civil war, the question of the organization of power arose not only in the political, but also in the territorial-political sphere. For a long time, the Bolsheviks positioned the empire as a “prison of peoples”. After 1920 (Crimea), an adequate answer was needed from the authorities. The old party slogan influenced constitutional construction, and, to the Gorbachev era, the country came with the “sleeping norm” of the right to leave the Union Republic from the USSR.

The formation of documents for strategic planning of socio-economic development is the most important task of regional and municipal governments. It can be stated that strategic planning processes have been launched throughout the country and the process of forming these documents is active at both the regional and municipal levels. However, the issues of determining, studying, and taking into account the views of interested parties when forming the goals and priorities of socio-economic development of administrative-territorial entities require methodological support and recommendations for practical implementation. In this article, an attempt is made to reveal methodological approaches and solve issues of practical implementation of identifying the interests of stakeholders on the example of a specific municipality.The proposed material is an example of determining and scientifically substantiating the strategic priorities of a municipality on identifying the interests of stakeholders.The study of the processes of formation and determination of strategic priorities for the development of a municipality based on the identification of the interests of all interested parties should become the task of further research.

The article reveals the theoretical position on the noospheric vocation of “Greater Eurasia” in the 21st century. Opposition to the “Big West” as a global imperialism system of the world financial capitalocracy on the part of Greater Eurasia acquires a noospheric and socialist “dimension” in the 21st century. Russia is called upon to head the Noosphere Breakthrough of humanity in the XXI century, as a Eurasian civilization, occupying an important place in the Greater Eurasia’s structure, and as the birthplace of the socialism first appearance in the world and the doctrine of the Biosphere transition into the Noosphere by V. I. Vernadsky, and as a center of stability and instability in the world. Greater Eurasia is called upon to become the “locomotive” of noospheresocialist transformations of the human existence foundations. The alternative to this is the death of mankind, which is market-capitalistic for reasons and ecological for foundations.

It is pointless to begin the search for an answer to the question about the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union by analyzing the events of the eighties of the last century, moreover, considering the Soviet form of organization of the state and society. It is necessary to remember what the creators of the Soviet model relied on practices tested in the Russian Empire.

The work considered the possibilities and directions of evolution of demographic development of the Arctic region, analyzed some characteristics of the labor potential of the population living in the Arctic regions of the European part of Russia.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of attracting the local population and the need to employment specialists from other regions of Russia for the development of the Arctic.To achieve the goal of the study, general scientifi methods were used — the collection and analysis of data from state statistics and sample surveys. The use of a systematic approach made it possible to comprehensively assess the situation on the territory under study and substantiate the possibilities for its development.Analysis of the quantitative characteristics of the labor potential of the studied regions showed a stable negative dynamics throughout the post-Soviet period. A number of reasons have been identifi that contribute to the outfl of population from the Arctic regions, the most important of which are the low standard of living compared to the Russian average, as well as the ineff functioning of the mechanisms of northern guarantees and compensation. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of labor potential, in particular, the level of education of the population can be increased due to the existing educational potential of neighboring regions.Conclusions about the need to attract people from the regions of the middle zone of Russia for the Arctic are made.

The article addresses the issues of foreign policy risks related to environmental problems in the Russian Arctic. It is shown that at the turn of 2019 a new system of external challenges to the Russian development of the Arctic was formed. Desuverenization will progress through environmental requirements. An adequate system of Russian response to these risks is needed. At the same time, increased attention to the environmental aspects of economic activity will prevent attempts to intercept management.

The concept of sovereignty is now a cross-cutting and general scientific problem. In relation to Russian-Belarusian relations, it is primarily related to issues of economic sovereignty. Ideally, the solution of theoretical questions and practical actions in the field of integration should be spaced over time. However, in practice this is not always possible. Country economic models are not a new subject of study. However, there are not many such works in Belarus. In the article, the authors tried not only to indicate significant points of the Belarusian economic model. The need to develop integration within the framework of the union state of Russia and Belarus is practically not disputed by anyone. In practice, however, this integration has been slow. From our point of view, one of the reasons for this situation is the inattention to the fact that over 30 years of post-Soviet development in Belarus, as well as throughout the post- Soviet space, different economic models have developed. Understanding economic sovereignty in the era of globalization 2.0 is a difficult task for theorists and practitioners. How to reconcile the traditions of sovereignty and the need to deepen integration? This article is devoted to these issues.

The combination of two types of crisis: epidemiological and economic creates a fundamentally new and difficult situation for European integration. The authors do not share a view suggesting a qualitative weakening or even a complete disintegration of the European Union. However, the processes taking place are not indicative of the ordinary nature of the problems. In these circumstances, contradictions are escalating not only between North and South, which has been much written about recently, but also between West and East of the EU. “East’ includes the Baltic states in dire need of financial resources right now.

Any economic crisis, even the least important one, immediately affects the social structure of society. The criteria for the effectiveness of social development is the growth of final consumption and the objective awareness of people of the effectiveness of their life strategies. The processes that are unfolding in the world economy have significantly accelerated the destruction of the social strata that in any society ensures the stability. The middle class — the opposite of the precariate — is under the crosshairs of the economy and epidemic. Quantitative differences in the parameters of the middle class in Europe and Russia should not interfere with the perception of the key common point: a precariate devoid of social guarantees has come for a long time, if not forever. The crisis will significantly accelerate the change in the social structure of society, both in Europe and Russia.

The article considers the main directions of social and humanitarian cooperation of the EEU member States, covering the fields of education, science, health, tourism and sports in order to improve the welfare and life quality of the Union countries' citizens. The goal is to create a single socio-humanitarian space that should not blindly reproduce the Western socio-humanitarian model of development based on the strategy of ”nurturing“ a loyal ”civil society“. Otherwise, there will be a discrepancy between the implementation of the goal of forming a single economic space and social and humanitarian programs imposed from the outside in the context of liberal democratic ideology, which are destructive for the peoples ofEurasia.

European experience of integration is important not only as a set of “best practices,” but also as a way to take into account negative experience of European integration. It is necessary to achieve the most thorough, ideologically neutral study of the unique European experience. The key point is the transition from economic integration to political integration. It is this point that is extremely important for the Eurasian Economic Union. Attempts of forced transition from economic integration to political integration have created problems for the European Union, and their complexity has been underestimated. Effective integration into the EAEU is possible and effective within the economic field, but the political space of integration today can rather be compared to the minefield, good experience of movement on which is accumulated in Brussels.

Modern geopolitics in Russia suffered from the absolutism of its capabilities in the 1990s. The reasons are obvious. Forbidden fruit in the USSR was sweet. Then, in the 21st century, attention to classical geopolitical research fell sharply. Russia’s position in the modern geopolitical coordinate system is gradually changing. The collapse of the 1990s has not been completely overcome, it is impossible, but Russia has taken measures to strengthen its borders. The study of Russian geopolitical involves historical and geographical analysis. Some of Russia’s geopolitical problems have amazing resilience, and the challenges facing our country have amazing resilience.

Geopolitical studies differ from many others in the social sciences in that the seemingly studied issues and topics must be addressed repeatedly. Russia, as an object of geopolitical research, is already a tradition, but the external conditions are changing. The era of globalization, rapid as a flood water in Siberia, is over. Trends of protectionism and regionalization are increasing. In these circumstances, traditional perceptions, established and seemingly stayed over the years, require reassessment. It is obvious that Russia is an independent player in the global Eurasian space. But what should be the pattern of behavior, what should be the extent of our foreign economic and foreign policy openness, considering new developments in the global world? An attempt to answer these questions is made in the proposed article.