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Since the founding of the «Sofiyivka» Dendrological Park, over more than two centuries, the structure of the dendrocenosis and park compositions including the «Champs Elysees» (Quarter 26), located in the center of the park' s historic core changed. The changes were caused by a complex of biotic and abiotic factors that influenced the taxonomic composition of plants. The paper presents the results of a study of the dynamics of changes in the dendrocenosis of the quarter 26 «Champs Elysees», which will contribute to the preservation and restoration of the historic site of the ancient park, in particular its taxonomic composition.

Purpose of the study. Purpose of the work is to show the possibilities of radiation diagnosis of the normal anatomy of the small and large intestine, as well as their pathological changes through the use of MRI (Hydro-MRI). Materials nad methods. Thirty patients were examined by the method of Hydro-MRI. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a device with a magnetic induction of 1,5 T. To carry out Hydro-MRI, we used T2-weighted sequences, such as a one-time fast spin echo signal obtained in several planes, STIR sequences in three mutually perpendicular sequences, so that edema wall edema can be estimated with additional diffusion-weighted images. Results. Twentypatientswiththemanifestations of Crohn's disease in the form of terminal ileitis, presence of interlope fistulous passages, paraproctitis (fistulous form) were detected. Colon tumors were detected in 8 patients, recurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the small intestine in the anastomosis zone was detected in one patient, and no pathological changes were detected in one patient. Conclusion. Hydro-MRI allows visualizing the mass of the small, large intestine and determining the degree of invasion of the intestinal wall and surrounding tissues. Enterography using magnetic resonance enterography has become the most effective methods for visualizing the small intestine in patients with Crohn's disease and can visualize inflammation of the intramural or proximal small intestine in about 50% of patients with Crohn's disease who have undergone endoscopically normal studies. Hydro-MRI is indicated for Crohn's disease and for determining the degree of inflammatory activity. Recent evidence suggests that cross-section visualization may be useful in determining response to therapy, assessing bowel healing and monitoring disease progression. Also, according to researchers at the Medical Imaging Center, University College London, the quantitative motility of the small intestine is an objective biomarker of endoscopic and histopathological inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease and is comparable to previously confirmed estimates of MRI activity enhanced by gadolinium. The final ileal mobility indicator showed a good correlation with endoscopic and histopathological activity in Crohn's disease. The study is painless, no radiation load. Hydro-MRI is a method of choice, when it is impossible to conduct an X-ray examination of the intestine, the inability/ uninformativeness of an endoscopic examination of the small, large intestine. Along with video capsular endoscopy, it allows visualization of all departments of the small and large intestine.

Bismuth telluride based photosensitive elements were obtained and their properties were studied. Liquid exfoliation was used for bismuth telluride 2D material suspensions preparation in organic solvent only with no additional surfactants. 2D sheets in suspension had average size of 200–300 nm and thickness of 2–2.5 nm. Resistive photosensitive elements were obtained by the drop-casting method. The photoresponses of sensitive elements studied at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature.

The structure and main parameters of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on gapless graphene (Gr) and its derivatives with semiconducting properties, transistors on flexible substrates, tunneling transistors (TFETs) based on graphene mono- and bilayers, and transistors based on graphene nanoribbons are described.

The survey to measure the impact of antistress pharmacologic agents, particularly the SPAO-complex product along with the SPAO-KD feed additive, on the immune status of chickens to prevent tenosynovitis was carried out. In order to conduct the surveys, the chickens were allocated into three groups of 32 000 heads each to build the parent flock. Chickens in the first group served as the control. The specimens in the second test group were provided with the SPAO-KD feed additive in the mixed fodder. The poultry in the third test group were provided with the SPAO-complex pharmocological-composition product with water. The dietary preventive agents were used at a dose of 185 mg/kg body weight for 5 days in the reference live vaccine used for vaccination: 3 days before vaccinations, on the day of vaccination, and 1 day after vaccination. Poultry immunization against reovirus tenosynovitis was carried out according to the technology for population vaccination. A dried live vaccine against avian reovirus tenosynovitis was used to vaccinate the chickens at the age of 1 and 4 weeks. It was produced from an attenuated strain 1133 of avian reovirus isolated from tenosynovitis. The seroconversion rates in quantitative and qualitative manners in the reference test agents were assessed 7 and 14 days after the first vaccination and 14 and 21 days after the second vaccination. The dietary SPAO-KD feed additive and the water-soluble SPAO-complex pharmacological product contributed to an increase in the levels of postvaccination antibodies 1.6- and 2.6-fold, respectively, and the vaccination indices 1.6- and 3.5-fold, respectively. The SPAO complex product contributed to reducing the coefficient of variation of postvaccination antibodies by 25.7%. Taking antistress therapies under the effects of immunologic load factors provided the poultry welfare benefit and improved the production of day-old chicks and the poultry live weight gain by 0.79–3.5, 0.55–4.22, and 0.88–6.44%, respectively.

The problem of polarizability of a cylindrical resistive dipole in a quasistatic field is solved taking into account the skin effect. For the case of a weak skin effect, it is shown that the polarizability of the dipole differs significantly from the polarizability of an ellipsoid comparable to the dipole. Calculations of the effective dielectric constant of composites with cylindrical and ellipsoidal inclusions are carried out. Comparison of calculation results with experimental data is presented.

A composite material based on identically oriented ellipsoidal inclusions distributed in a bonding medium is considered. The concept of the field acting in the composite and the effective dielectric constant is introduced. A formula for the effective dielectric constant of the composite is obtained, which in particular cases transforms into the well-known formulas of Lorentz and Lorentz, Maxwell Garnett, and Bruggeman. Comparison of the results of calculations with the experiment shows the applicability of the effective dielectric constant as an adjustable parameter.

The applicability of the method for solving the problem of diffraction by resistive gratings, based on solving the problem of exciting the Floquet channel by current elements to the calculation of structures with planar ideal gratings, is shown. A quasi-static approximation formula is obtained for the effective dielectric constant of a flat single-layer grating based on perfectly conducting squares. Comparative calculations of the reflection coefficient by diffraction and quasi-static methods for single-layer and two-layer gratings with dielectric layers are carried out.

Purpose of the work is to show the possibilities of radiation diagnosis of the normal anatomy of the small and large intestine, as well as their pathological changes through the use of MRI (Hydro-MRI). Material and methods. Thirty patients were examined by the method of Hydro-MRI. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a device with a magnetic induction of 1.5T. To carry out Hydro-MRI, we used T2-weighted sequences, such as a one-time fast spin echo signal obtained in several planes, STIR sequences in three mutually perpendicular sequences, so that, edema wall can be estimated with additional diffusion-weighted images. Results. Twentypatientswiththemanifestations of Crohn's disease in the form of terminal ileitis, presence of interlope fistulous passages, paraproctitis (fistulous form) were detected. Colon tumors were detected in 8 patients, recurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the small intestine in the anastomosis zone was detected in one patient, and no pathological changes were detected in one patient. Findings. Hydro-MRI allows visualizing the mass of the small, large intestine and determining the degree of invasion of the intestinal wall and surrounding tissues. Enterography using magnetic resonance enterography has become the most effective methods for visualizing the small intestine in patients with Crohn's disease and can visualize inflammation of the intramural or proximal small intestine in about 50% of patients with Crohn's disease who have undergone endoscopically normal studies. Hydro-MRI is indicated for Crohn's disease and for determining the degree of inflammatory activity. Recent evidence suggests that cross-section visualization may be useful in determining response to therapy, assessing bowel healing and monitoring disease progression. Also, according to researchers at the Medical Imaging Center, University College London, the quantitative motility of the small intestine is an objective biomarker of endoscopic and histopathological inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease and is comparable to previously confirmed estimates of MRI activity enhanced by gadolinium. The final ileal mobility indicator showed a good correlation with endoscopic and histopathological activity in Crohn's disease. The study is painless, no radiation load. Hydro-MRI is a method of choice, when it is impossible to conduct an X-ray examination of the intestine, the inability/uninformativeness of an endoscopic examination of the small, large intestine. Along with video capsular endoscopy, it allows visualization of all departments of the small and large intestine [1].

We review the synthesis methods, crystal parameters, and band structure of two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional materials, including graphene; group IV‒VIII transition metal dichalcogenides; 2D binary chalcogenides $${{{\text{A}}}^{{{\text{IV}}}}}{{{\text{B}}}^{{{\text{VI}}}}}$$ , $${\text{A}}_{m}^{{{\text{IV}}}}{\text{B}}_{n}^{{{\text{VI}}}}$$ , $${{{\text{A}}}^{{{\text{III}}}}}{{{\text{B}}}^{{{\text{VI}}}}}$$ , $${\text{A}}_{m}^{{{\text{III}}}}{\text{B}}_{n}^{{{\text{VI}}}}$$ , and $${{{\text{A}}}^{{{\text{II}}}}}{{{\text{B}}}^{{{\text{VI}}}}}$$ of group IV, III, and II transition metals; Ti, Zr, Hf, Bi, and Sb trichalcogenides; $${{{\text{A}}}^{{\text{V}}}}{{{\text{B}}}^{{\text{V}}}}$$ (AsN, AsP, PN, SbAs, SbN, SbP) 2D materials; $${{{\text{A}}}^{{{\text{III}}}}}{\text{N}}$$ (A = Al, Ga, In, B) 2D nitrides; monoatomic 2D materials (phosphorene P, plumbene Pb, stanene Sn, germanene Ge, silicene Si, antimonene Sb, arsenene As, bismuthene Bi, borophene B, and octo-nitrogene 8‑N); functionalized graphene and silicon carbide SiC; CO, GeO, and SnO 2D oxides; 2D transitional metal dioxides, Ge, and Sn; 2D trioxides MoO3 and WO3; and transition metal di- and trihalides.

A periodic structure consisting of plane arrays of resistive squares located in a dielectric layer on a metal mirror is considered. On the basis of the solution of the problem of diffraction of a normally incident electromagnetic wave by this structure, the optimal structure parameters that provide for the minimal reflection coefficient in a given wavelength range are calculated. It is shown that, when the number of arrays is up to three, the approximate calculation of the reflection coefficient of a fine-meshed structure can be performed using the method, in which the arrays are matched with films that have the effective surface resistance calculated on the basis of the solution of the quasi-static problem. It is also shown that the optimized investigated structure has the reflection level that is lower than the reflection level of the optimized known structure based on resistive films.

Solutions to the diffraction problems are used to calculate the effective permittivity of a composite material consisting of alternating planar arrays of square resistive patches shifted relative to each other in a dielectric layer. The relaxation character of the dispersion is demonstrated. The dispersion characteristic can be varied in wide ranges using variations in the parameters of the structure. Relative shifts of the arrays substantially affect the dispersion of permittivity of the structure. A ratio of the wavelength to the period of the structure that provides adequacy of a homogenization procedure is estimated.

The multitude of existing methods for assessing the phenotypic stability of plants makes breeders be faced with the problem of choosing an appropriate variant. The purpose of this study was to compare different methods of analyzing the genotype × environment interaction and, on their basis, assess the stability of the yield of 7 varieties of winter wheat. The article compares 17 stability statistics by applying them to data obtained from agrotechnical experiments carried in 2009-2011 for evaluating the grain yield of 7 varieties of winter common wheat of Siberian selection (Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 40, Novosibirskaya 51, Novosibirskaya 3, Novosibirskaya 2, Obskaya winter, Omskaya 6). Analysis of variance revealed a significant ( p0.001) genotype × environment interaction in the experiments, which indicates a different reaction of genotypes to changes in environmental conditions. Genotypes were ranked according to the level of stability. Based on the analysis of the rank correlation matrix, the stability statistics were categorized in five groups. Recommendations were made on which group of methods to use depending on the objectives of the study. In the case when the goal of breeding research is the selection of the most biologically stable varieties with the minimum variance across a range of environments, one should use the methods of the static concept. If it is necessary to choose a genotype with a predictable reaction to changes of environmental conditions, corresponding to the calculated level or forecast, the regression approach is the most appropriate. The stability statistics generally identified Novosibirskaya 32 as the most stable variety from a biological point of view. The regression approach showed that Novosibirskaya 3 was the genotype with the smallest deviation from mean yield in all environments, while methods accessing the contribution of each genotype to the genotype × environment interaction defined Novosibirskaya 51 as the most stable variety.Многообразие существующих методов оценки фенотипической стабильности растений ставит перед селекционерами проблему выбора подходящего варианта. Целью настоящего исследования было сравнение различных методов анализа взаимодействия генотип × среда и оценка на их основе стабильности ур жайности семи сортов озимой пшеницы. Проанализированы 17 статистических показателей стабильности на примере данных полевого опыта 2009–2011 гг. по оценке урожайности зерна семи сортов озимой мягкой пшеницы сибирской селекции (Новосибирская 32, Новосибирская 40, Новосибирская 51, Новосибирская 3, Новосибирская 2, Обская озимая, Омская 6) в шести вариантах сред. Дисперсионный анализ выявил значимое ( p0.001) взаимодействие генотип × среда в опыте, что говорит о различной реакции генотипов на изменение условий среды. Выполнено ранжирование сортов по уровню стабильности и рассчитаны корреляционные связи между параметрами стабильности. На основе анализа корреляционной матрицы рангов проведена классификация методов, разделяющая их на пять групп. Предложены рекомендации по выбору способа определения стабильности генотипов в зависимости от целей исследования. В случае, когда целью селекционных исследований является выбор наиболее стабильных в биологическом смысле сортов, обладающих наименьшей вариацией признака, независимо от меняющихся условий среды, следует использовать методы статической концепции. Если среди набора сортов необходимо выбрать генотип с предсказуемой реакцией на изменения условий среды, соответствующей расчетному уровню или прогнозу, наиболее оптимален регрессионный подход. В результате оценки методами статической концепции сорт Новосибирская 32 был определен как наиболее стабильный с биологической точки зрения. Сорт Новосибирская 3, имевший наименьшее отклонение от средней урожайности для всех сред, оказался наиболее стабильным при оценке регрессионными методами. Методы, оценивающие вклад генотипа во взаимодействие генотип × среда, определили сорт Новосибирская 51 как самый стабильный.

Issues of epidemiology, classification and radiological signs of the spinal stenosis in this review are present. Modern European criteria for spinal stenosis and radicular openings can improve the diagnosis of the condition of the spinal cord and roots; clarify the criteria for indications for surgical treatment.

A structure of gratings consisting of conducting dipoles located in a dielectric layer is considered. The dispersion of the effective permittivity of this structure is calculated on the basis of the solution of the diffraction problem. It is found that the dispersion has a relaxation character. It is shown that it is possible to change the dispersion characteristic within wide limits by varying the structure parameters. The characteristic structure dimension providing for the adequate homogenization procedure is estimated.

A radioabsorbing structure shielding a metal plane in the form of a ferrite layer with a dielectric layer containing a grating of resistive squares has been considered. The diffraction problem of a plane electromagnetic wave incident perpendicular to the surface of the structure has been solved. Based on the solution of the optimization problem, it is shown that, in contrast to the ferrite layer, which has a low reflection coefficient in the decimeter and meter wavelength ranges, a combined structure with a total thickness of less than 5 cm provides low reflection in the centimeter range.

In this paper, we calculate the dispersion of the effective dielectric constant of the structure from the lattice of conductive squares located in a dielectric layer and connected by resistive jumpers based on the solution of the diffraction problem. Depending on the parameters of the jumpers , the dispersion of this structure was shown to be capable of varying from the relaxation type to one that corresponds to the structure of continuous resistive films. The jumpers were also shown to affect the nature of the dispersion in the long-wave part of the wave range most significantly in relation to the structure period.

Необхідність реформування системи запобігання i протидії легалізації (відмиванню) доходів, одержаних злочинним шляхом, фінансуванню тероризму та фінансуванню розповсюдження зброї масового знищення (ВК/ФТРЗ), одним з елементів якої є запровадження адаптаційних механізмів у сфері державного регулювання, є особливо актуальним питанням. Оцінка ризиків і застосування підходу, що ґрунтується на оцінці ризиків, є першою рекомендацією міжнародних стандартів FATF. Оцінено вплив рівня державного регулювання і нагляду на розвиток ризик-орієнтованої системи забезпечення протидії відмиванню коштів, фінансуванню тероризму та фінансуванню розповсюдження зброї масового знищення в Україні на основі побудованої п’ятирівневої ієрархічної моделі розвитку цієї системи. Методологічну основу дослідження становив метод аналізу ієрархій Т. Сааті для проведення досліду щодо визначення пріоритетного сценарію розвитку ризик-орієнтованої системи забезпечення протидії ВК/ФТРЗ в Україні. Проведено дослід щодо визначення впливу несприятливих факторів, інструментів впливу та суб’єктів впливу на пріоритетні цілі та сценарії розвитку ризик-орієнтованої системи забезпечення протидії ВК/ФТРЗ в Україні, зокрема визначено найбільшу ймовірність реалізації саме нейтрального сценарію. Базовою основою ієрархічної моделі стали цілі розвитку (забезпечення утвердження Україною статусу надійного партнера міжнародної спільноти у сфері запобігання та протидії ВК/ФТРЗ; посилення інформаційної транспарентності системи забезпечення протидії ВК/ФТРЗ; удосконалення законодавства у сфері запобігання та протидії ВК/ФТРЗ; зниження асиметричності інформації для учасників системи забезпечення протидії ВК/ФТРЗ; зменшення ризику використання СПФМ для ВК/ФТРЗ; удосконалення механізму та моделі державного регулювання і нагляду у сфері протидії ВК/ФТРЗ) та сценарії (прискорений, нейтральний і гальмування).

Based on the solution to the problem of diffraction of an electromagnetic wave normally incident onto a multilayer array of resistive elements, the dispersion of the effective permittivity of a structure comprised of resistive squares placed into a dielectric layer is calculated. It is established that the dispersion has a relaxation character. The feasibility of controlling the dispersion characteristic in a wide range by varying the parameters of the structure is shown. The ratio of the wavelength to the period of the structure at which the structure under consideration is adequately represented by a homogeneous layer is estimated.

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are a source of very high energies. Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei that can be observed in the optical spectral range. The aim of the study is some BL Lacertae type blazars, which are characterized by a non-emission optical spectrum and exhibit brightness variations at all wavelengths. The results of systematical monitoring of selected objects from the CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) optical follow up list, started in January 2018 are presented. The observations are carried out with the AZT-8 (D = 70 cm, F = 2.8 m) telescope of the observation station Lisnyky of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In 2018 the telescope AZT-8 was included in the list of supporting instruments in the CTA consortium. The AZT-8 equipped with the PL4710-1-BB-E2V CCD (1027×1048 pixels, 13×13 µm/pixel, scale is 0.95 “/pixel, field of view is 16.2 angular minutes) and broadband Johnson/Bessel UBVRI filters. For processing the software Maxim DL was used. During processing accounting of substrate (bias), dark current, flat-field were taken into account. The fluxes of energy from objects of research with the help of standard stars has been turned into visible stellar magnitudes. Light curves for four objects: 1ES 1011+496, PKS 1222+216, 1ES 1426+428, PKS 1510-089 were plotted. Variability of color indexes with time was investigated. In addition, we determined the variability amplitude and tested all these objects for Intraday Variations (IDV), Short (STV) and Long term variability (LTV) where it was possible. A short-term brightness change (STV) with an amplitude of 0.5 to 1 in all filters (UBVRI) of the Johnson/Bessel system for AGN 1ES 1011+496, PKS 1510-089 was determined. For objects 1ES 1426+428 and PKS 1222+216, the brightness variations do not exceed the total error (instrumental and methodical). The total error is ∆Σ ≈ 0.060.1 magnitude.

The physical parameters of selected comets of the Jupiter family (22P/Kopff, 81P/Wild 2, 103P/Hartley 2) and the long-period comets with retrograde motion C/2006 W3 (Christensen), C/2009 K5 (McNaught), C/2009 P1 (Garradd) were obtained on the basis of optical spectra with resolution ((λ/Δλ) = 1500 and (λ/Δλ) = 14000). The spectra of comets were obtained in 2009–2012 at the mountain observatory « Peak Теrskоl» (Russian Federation, North Caucasus) with the help of the reflecting telescope Zeiss-2000 (D = 2.0 m; F2 = 16 m). Based on the Haser model some physical parameters of gas-and-dust coma of comets (energy fluxes, molecule number, gas productivity, relative dust productivity) were estimated. The physical parameters of the neutral gas and dusty atmospheres of comets indicate that, at equal heliocentric distances, the gas and dust productivity of the considered long-period comets is higher than the productivity of Jupiter-family comets. The average values for gas productivity for the considered LPC are QCN = 6.99 × 1025 mol/s, QC3 = 5.35 × 1024 mol/s, QC2 = 3.17 × 1026 mol/s, QNH2 = 4.64 × 1026 mol/s. The average values for gas productivity for the considered Jupiter-family comets are QCN = 1.52 × 1025 mol/s, QC3 = 1.54 × 1024 mol/s, QC2 = 2.12 × 1025 mol/s, QNH2 = 1.75 × 1025 mol/s. The average values for dust productivity for the considered long-period comets is lg Afρ = 4.241; for the considered Jupiter-family comets is lg Afρ = 2.922. This can be explained by age-old disintegration or differences in the origin of different types of comets. Relative dust productivity (Afρ) of long-period comets with the retrograde motion before the perihelion is higher (taking into account the heliocentric distance). The doublet Na (D1 = 588.9 nm, D2 = 589.6 nm) at the considerable heliocentric distance in the spectra of comets 22Р/Kopff (r = 1.8 AU), 103Р/Hartley 2 (r = 1.06 AU), C/2009 K5 (McNaught) (r = 1.5 AU) was identified. The detailed identification of emission spectral lines for comets 103P/Hartley 2 and C/2009 K5 (McNaught) was carried out. The spectra of Hartley 2 have a much smaller number of molecular emission lines.

The article substantiates the application of methods of economic-mathematical modeling for solving the problem of dynamics of the number and professional qualification structure of personnel in order to create an initiative, rationally operating collective, whose efforts are aimed at the effective functioning and development of the enterprise. With the help of these methods, it is likely to predict possible models of enterprise development. The peculiarities of their application are studied: the main advantage of these methods is the possibility of their use in enterprises with unstable organizational structure and in the unstable external environment, the disadvantage is the complexity of the study of all possible situations of organization development and the creation of a model that is adequate to the existing conditions.A pairwise linear regression model was developed to solve the problem of quantification of the needs of employees of all categories of staff and an optimization model for personnel management, namely, the definition of an optimal plan for retraining, advanced training, hiring and dismissal of personnel based on the criterion of minimizing total expenditures for all categories of staff by the nature of the functions performed for data of a particular enterprise. As a result of the implementation of the constructed models, the economic interpretation of the modeling results obtained and the recommendations for the change in the number and professional qualification structure of the personnel of a particular enterprise, as well as the formation of its personnel reserve, that is, the formation of such a group of workers who are potentially capable of managing activities, meet the necessary requirements, have been selected and targeted training to improve their skills.Advantages of creating a personnel reserve group are to ensure continuity in management, increase the level of readiness of employees for changes in the organization, their motivation and loyalty, which leads to a decrease in personnel turnover and overall personnel stabilization. In addition, it can significantly save financial and time resources in recruiting, training and adapting key employees and responding in a timely manner to the company to change the external and internal environment, which is also very important.