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Promising tasks in three dualistic metaphysical paradigms are noted. The prospects of the relational-statistical interpretation (interpretation) of quantum mechanics are indicated. In relational physics, the importance of studying the possibility of controlling gravity due to an electromagnetic field is noted. In the field-theoretic approach, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of developing a gauge theory of time. A way of constructing the geometry of praspinors based on unary systems of complex relations is proposed. The hypothesis of pre-physical reality and the prospect of creating binary geometrosubphysics are discussed.

The article contributes to the development of an a priori methodology adequate to the legitimate claims of fundamental physics as a mathematical philosophy of nature. Husserl’s phenomenological method of variations - the most important part of this methodology - is seen as a means of bringing to clarity and achieving apodictic evidence, highly relevant in the current conditions of erosion of the empirical criterion of truth, when the invention of hypotheses for the needs of deductive theorization has become the norm of so-called fundamental research. As an example for express testing of the method, a problematic principle is taken that needs to be clarified: the “Mach principle” formulated in many ways since the time of A. Einstein. The result of a clarifying reflection of one of the transitions between versions of the principle is the conclusion that the conceptual development of the general theory of relativity on methodologically clarified grounds, one of which would be a correctly formulated Mach principle, should proceed from a relational understanding of space-time consistent with this principle. Mach’s principle, since it determines the structure of the equations of the theory themselves, the solutions of which are conceived in the modus of the possible, is in no way affected in its truth value by the fact of the existence of vacuum solutions of these equations. In conclusion, the article examines the question of the influence of the Mach theory of thought experiment on the genesis of the phenomenological method of variations.

Aim. To analyse the data on spreading and population of the common hamster in Western Siberia from the mid‐20th to early 21st centuries and to determine the major predictors affecting these parameters.Material and Methods. Long‐term data on species’ population from the Zoomonitor Databank (Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ISEA SB RAS), populace survey data and field observations provided by scholars over recent years were used. The maximum entropy method was used to model the species’ ecological niche and range based on 82 common hamster sighting spots in Western Siberia. 19 bioclimatic factors as well as various soil types were used.Results. The reduction of range and threefold decrease of common hamster population until the 90s of the last century and a local increase in the number of the population at the beginning of the 21st century were noted. The main causes of the population decline include extensive extermination through the procurement of common hamster fur skins and limiting the harm caused as well as agricultural area size dynamics. The bioclimatic correlations revealed of the distribution of the common hamster, considered together with models of climate changes, suggest the possibility of common hamster obsolescence in modern steppe areas and its according repopulation of the large river bottomlands to the north of the current range.Conclusion. For the Asian section of its range, the species’ status is not so disastrous due to less prominent factors negatively impacting the population. The lack of previous studies of the species’ ecology in Western Siberia calls for the conducting of multi‐aspect studies, including monitoring the tendencies of the limiting factors’ dynamics.

The article contains the main ideas expressed by Russian and foreign participants in the international scientific discussion on the topic «Communication regimes in Central Asian countries». The discussion was held by National Research Institute for Communications Development. Studies of communication regimes conducted on the basis of the author’s methodology revealed: (1) asymmetry of actor models of communication regimes in Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan); (2) pronounced etatism and policy of state regulation and control of processes and structures of public communication; (3) specifics of social engineering of communication regimes based on securitization of issues of ethnic cultural and national identity; (4) attempts to update communication regimes that have not yet attained serious success. In the course of discussions, scientists from Central Asian countries offered their research materials and keynoted: the role of cultural and religious factors in the formation of communication regimes; the influence of the financial basis of mass media on their structure and media discourse; frequent borrowings of the content from foreign information channels. Russian experts noted: artificially accentuated problems of «historical trauma» in the information space in the Central Asian countries; changes in communication formats within the context of COVID-19; the importance of studying communication regimes in the context of ensuring collective information security, the need to develop common terms and concepts for Russia and Central Asian countries in the drawing up the legislation on communication and information.

The removal of isopropyl alcohol impurities with an initial volume concentration of 20 % in a cell with a working area volume of 831 cm 3 in a water flow with fine air bubbles with a solution flow rate of 2 m 3/h by a quasi-volume electric discharge obtained using a multi-electrode system of sectioned needle electrodes has been experimentally investigated. At an alternating voltage of an industrial frequency of 50 Hz, the creation of a finely dispersed phase with air bubbles in an electric discharge cell increases the efficiency of isopropyl alcohol removal from the water flow by 6 %.

The influence of treatment in controlled gas environments with subsequent hydrogenation on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the Zr-1% Nb zirconium alloy has been investigated. The surface hardness and the size of the diffusion-hardened layer of the ring-samples cut from fuel tubes from the Zr-1% Nb alloy after treatment in oxygen- and nitrogen-containing gaseous media with subsequent saturation with hydrogen have been established. The influence of the parameters of the gaseous medium and the modes of thermochemical treatment (TCT) of specimens-rings on the destructive stresses under static load at temperatures of 20 and 380 °C is shown. It was revealed that treatment in the investigated gas environment increases the resistance to hydrogen saturation and has a positive effect on the long-term strength of ring specimens from the zirconium alloy Zr-1% Nb.

The effect of electrode polarity in the pin-to-rod geometry on the development of pulsed electric discharge in water with specific electrical conductivity of (90 ± 10) µS/cm with and without air microbubbles was experimentally studied. It was found that the initiation of the plasma channel at the anode in water occurs near the metal–liquid–insulation contact in both anode geometries under study. In the presence of microbubbles at an increased voltage, the development of plasma channels after initiation occurs in the direction opposite to the discharge gap along the insulated surface of the electrodes. In the presence of microbubbles, the breakdown voltage decreases, and the delay to discharge initiation and the total time of breakdown development by the channel propagating from the pin anode also decrease. When the voltage is increased, the development of the closing channel occurs from the cathode, regardless of its geometry.

The article describes the introduction of a more modern linear electromechanical drive instead of a hydraulic drive into the hydraulic unit control system at Russian HPPs/PSPs. A comparative analysis of these types of drives and the regulatory requirements for their use in the state standards of the Russian Federation and RusHydro standards are given. The objectives of the planned work are outlined.

A review of articles on the influence of the composition and structure of the binding phase on the properties of hard alloys is given. The role of the binding phase influencing the properties of hard alloys on the basis of data of domestic and foreign researchers is emphasized. The existing and new data on testing of the elements of periodic system as a binding phase which impacts the microstructure and properties of a hard alloy are presented. The existing and new proposals on replacing of the main element (cobalt) with iron, nickel, rhenium, molybdenum, chromium, etc., are considered in order to obtain higher properties and lower the price of the alloy. It is shown that obtaining the best operational properties in each particular case of application of the alloy requires an optimal combination of grain size and cobalt content. Various hard-alloy products are indicated for different areas of application. Techniques of reinforcement of the binding of hard alloys by means of introduction of various types of reinforcers are considered. Their influence on average grain size and properties of hard alloy is shown by examples of various grain growth inhibitors. The ways of further development of submicron, ultrathin, and nanophase alloys with a nanostructured binder reinforced with nanoparticles are presented. The way of further development of hard alloys is shown by example of alloy WC–50% Со with additions. The properties of replacing the cobalt binder with nickel alloyed with small additives are indicated: Мо, W, TiC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, Cr3C2.

We study the influence of the conditions of thermochemical treatment (TCT) of annular specimens cut out from a fuel cladding tube made of Zr–1% Nb alloy on their oxidation in air at a temperature T = 550°C for up to τ = 100 h. It is shown that the conditions of TCT in controlled oxygen-containing gas atmospheres decrease the mass increment in the course of oxidation as compared with untreated specimens. It was established that the conditions leading to a greater decrease in the mass increment of the specimens in the process of oxidation also correspond to the minimal sum of recorded acoustic-emission signals in the course of their deformation. It was discovered that TCT does not decrease the mechanical characteristics of the tubes but, at the same time, slows down their deterioration during oxidation. By using the accumulated results, i.e., in view of the deceleration of the process of oxidation in air with preservation of the mechanical properties of Zr–1% Nb alloy, we can make a conclusion that TCT is a promising procedure in the technological process of final thermal treatment of fuel cladding tubes.

Information on the location and parameters of the operated PSPP of the Kuban HPP cascade is presented. The main directions of complex reconstruction and modernization of PSPP, engineering and technical issues of design of the main structures are stated. The data on the energy effect of reconstruction (increase in capacity and production) are given.

The results of analysis of domestic and foreign hard alloys showed the possibility of their improvement as a cutting tool. Their development and improvement are tightly connected with solution of problems of robust definition of rational areas of application. The main directions of the proposed improvements in the hard alloy industry are listed.

The concept of substantive-relational “paradigm relativity-complementarity” is being developed. «Pre-physical reality» is introduced as monistic Supercategory. It is justified that it is reasonable to consider discrete complex relations and p -adic complex relations in relational physics. It is pointed out that it is important to find a way to control gravity through electromagnetic interaction. The features of quantum theory in the relational paradigm have been considered.

The paper presents the latest results of the effect of SVM generators on melts of metals and polymeric materials, as well as the effect on metals during heat treatment. Shown is a block diagram of an installation for SVM material processing. Made an attempt to theoretically substantiate the use of SVM generators in metallurgy based on relational physics, quantum theory, and real relativity.

Approaches to the technology developed by OKBM Afrikantov for creating a supercomputer twin of a nuclear power plant on the basis of a three-level model are described. A software implementation of this technology based on homegrown software is proposed. Experience in using the technology is shown for the Yasen-M project, RITM-200, and BN-800.

The results of studying the effect of microcrystalline complex alloys with alkaline earth metals (AEM) on the quality indicators of 17G1S-U pipe steel have been considered. It has been shown that the treatment of steel with these alloys reduces both the maximum score of non-metallic inclusions (NI) and the mean level of contavmination for the main types of inclusions including corrosive-active ones (CANI). Alongside with this, fine calcium, strontium and barium oxysulfides with a reduced oxygen content are formed in the metal. The complex alloys with alkali-earth metals contribute to obtaining a more homogeneous and refined metal structure, an increase in the cold resistance and corrosion resistance of steel.

Analysis of domestic and foreign tungsten-free hard alloys demonstrated the possibility of their application not only in cutting tools but also in the manufacture of nozzles, dies, and bushings operating in compressed and abrasive media, as well as in measuring tools and drawing dies for the fabrication of products from molybdenum, nickel, and Kovar. Higher quality of products increases the prime yield and economic efficiency. Major directions of the proposed improvements in the hard-alloy industry are specified.

Basic approaches are outlined to solving complex engineering problems arising in the design and operation of power units at nuclear power stations (NPS) and based on large-scale physical simulation of dynamic conditions and parameters of dynamics and structural strength of modern power facilities. A procedure for physical simulation of specific dynamic processes in hydroelastic systems has been developed. Taking into account the identified distributions of pressure pulsations and flow rates on the surfaces of the structures of the investigated reactor plants (RU), hydrodynamic loads in various structures and facilities of modern power-machine buildings were determined considering the found distribution of fluctuations in flow pressure and velocity acting on the structure surfaces. The dynamic response parameters of the main structural members, such as dynamic strains and stresses, were obtained and analyzed. The effect of added masses of liquid, damping, and other factors on the dynamic processes in hydroelastic systems and ways for its reduction to increase the durability and service life of structures, first of all the critical elements of the studied power systems for each commissioned reactor, are determined. This approach is based on a comprehensive investigation of the interaction of a turbulent flow with the multicomponent structure of a reactor unit. The results of investigation confirmed the structure serviceability as to the relative error. The fitness for service of a structure during a specified operation time of the power unit was assessed. The implementation of the proposed approach involving large-scale physical simulation and, in many cases, numerical modeling, confirmed its effectiveness and the validity of the results obtained by the authors.

The paper presents the results of calculation and experimental studies of the diffusion combustion of methane in the air cross-flow. We developed a mathematical model for describing a diffusion air-methane flame, the model being based on solving a system of averaged Navier --- Stokes equations in an unsteady setting. To calculate the combustion processes, we used the flamelet models and eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model. The mathematical model was supplemented by a detailed kinetic mechanism consisting of 325 elementary reactions involving 53 substances. Furthermore, we carried out calculations and comparative analysis of the flame characteristics using various turbulence models: k − ε, k − ω SST and Transition SST. The study introduces a diagram of the experimental setup for physical modeling of methane combustion in the air cross-flow, and presents the results of the calculation and experimental study of the cross-flow velocity pulsation effect on the flame structure, as well as the efficiency of methane combustion in the diffusion mode. We obtained data on temperature and concentration fields at pulsation frequencies of 0--100 Hz. Findings of research show that for the case under consideration, stable combustion occurs at pulsation frequencies of 0--90 Hz. The maximum observed flame lift-off is 3.2 times the diameter of the burner nozzle

The possibilities of improving the quality of diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis by identifying the correlations of its clinical manifestations and diagnostic polymorphism of morphological changes of the appendix, as well as diagnostic methods of this surgical pathology are analyzed. Out of 361 patients admitted for 3 years to a military hospital with clinical manifestations of acute appendicitis, the diagnosis was confirmed in 195 (54%). Of those who underwent laparoscopy, the operation at the diagnostic stage was completed in 12 (26.1%) patients, in 34 (73.9%) patients during laparoscopy, the diagnosis of the destructive form of acute appendicitis was confirmed. Of these, laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 9 patients, other methods of appendectomy were performed in 25 patients. In all cases, the performance of diagnostic laparoscopy made it possible to clarify the diagnosis, and to avoid errors in the diagnosis of other diseases under the mask of «acute appendicitis.» It is important to note that when performing diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic appendectomy there were no differences in clinical and morphological diagnoses. According to the results of work, in the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis, laparoscopy is the primary method.

The morphological and functional characteristics of the somatic musculature’s histological structure have been studied for three species of deep-sea fish from the Myctophidae family: spotted lanternfish Myctophum punctatum, lancet fish Notoscopelus kroyeri, and rakery beaconlamp Lampanyctus macdonaldi. The average diameter of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers in all studied species is large, and this indicator is highest in rakery beaconlamp. All species are characterized by a craniocaudal gradient of a decrease in the size of white muscle fibers. The shape of the fibers, from angular polygonal (spotted lanternfish) to the oval (rakery beaconlamp) and round (lancet fish), is a distinctive feature from other species of bony fish. In spotted lanternfish, a group of fibers of very small diameter, which are presumably small, slow-twitch oxidizing fibers, was also noted between the white and red muscles. The red muscles in the studied fish are poorly identified, since they are poorly developed. The studied species have a well-developed connective tissue carcass of white muscles, which indicates a certain friability of fast-twitch muscles. Both the red and white muscles in lanternfishes are a place of intense deposition of lipid reserves. Apparently, the high lipid content in muscle tissue helps to reduce the specific gravity of fish and increase their buoyancy.

—Different populations of the Common shrew (Sorex araneus) were analyzed with regard to multiyear cycles of population fluctuations typical for the species. We presented data on long-term observations in Akademgorodok (Novosibirsk) and Rovenskoe village (Central Baraba). We also used published data on long-term observations from the European and East Siberian range of the shrew populations. This work attempts to develop a general idea on the cyclicity in multiyear population number dynamics of the Common shrew, invariant and variable in different geographical locations. The data series were analyzed using spectral analysis. The main cycles in this species are 10–15, five to seven, three to four, and two to three3 years, however the amplitude of the cycles varied by region. To maintain population cyclicity, synchronization with local rhythms similar in parameters is important: geomagnetic activity, depth of soil freezing, thickness of snow cover, and watering of the territory.

The results of an experimental study of the effect of integral electrical and acoustic action on flame stabilization during combustion of a homogeneous air-methane mixture are presented. The experiments were carried out for fuel-rich lean mixtures. The effect of an external AC electric field in the combustion zone on flame stabilization is studied with and without external acoustic impact. The most effective relative position of the electrodes for flame stabilization was identified. Extended limits of steady-state combustion of air-methane mixture were achieved. The analysis of flame structure and shape as well as the spectral characteristics of the flame front pulsation under electrical and acoustic action were carried out.

Here was performed an analysis of the accounting of the impact of concomitant variables (confounders), introducing a systematic error in the assessment of the impact of risk factors on the resulting variable. The analysis showed that standardization is an effective method for the reduction of the shift of risk assessment. In the work there is suggested an algorithm implementing the method of standardization based on stratification, providing for the minimization of the difference of distributions of confounders in groups on risk factors. To automate the standardization procedures there was developed a software available on the website of the Institute of Industrial Ecology, UB RAS. With the help of the developed software by numerically modeling there were determined conditions of the applicability of the method of standardization on the basis of stratification for the case of the normal distribution on the response and confounder and linear relationship between them. Comparison of results obtained with the help of the standardization with statistical methods (logistic regression and analysis of covariance) in solving the problem of human ecology, has shown that obtaining close results is possible if there will be met exactly conditions for the applicability of statistical methods. Standardization is less sensitive to violations of conditions of applicability.

The effects of the nature and concentration of bases, as well as the reactants ratio and the process temperature on the properties of zirconium hydroxides synthesized via heterophase conversion of zirconium oxychloride have been studied. An optimal concentration range of the alkalis for the transformation of the precipitates from a gel-like state to a crystal-like one has been established. The transition process was found to be accompanied by a significant decrease of the apparent volume. The crystal-like zirconium hydroxide synthesized during the study inherited the morphological features of the initial zirconium oxychloride that can be considered as an anamorphosis phenomenon.

A Bianchi type IX cosmological model with expansion and rotation has been constructed in the framework of general relativity. The model comprises the Friedmannian stages of the Universe evolution including the subsequent transition to accelerated exponential expansion observed nowadays. The gravitational field sources of the model are ultrarelativistic matter, dust and a comoving anisotropic rotating dark energy. The possibility of detecting the cosmological rotation by astrophysical observations is discussed.

Nanostructured precursors of yttria-alumina garnet powders have been synthesized using the glycine–nitrate technique. It was shown that the main characteristics of the powders are determined by the...

The interaction of fluorine atoms with Cu(111) surface has been analyzed by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A submonolayer coverage of fluorinated fullerene C60F18 has been chosen to provide a well controllable arrival of fluorine atoms on copper surface. The appearance of F-induced surface structures on the Cu(111) surface caused by defluorination of C60F18 molecules adsorbed on the surface was shown. XPS measurements unambiguously indicate the existence of chemical state of fluorine not typical for CuF2 formation. Superstructure of well ordered metastable clusters consisting of fluorofullerene molecules are formed on the Cu(111) surface as a result of the balance of two interactions: the dipole-dipole interaction between fluorofullerene molecules and the interaction of C60F18 molecules with the two-dimensional gas phase, emerging above the copper surface. Regular surface structure formed by fullerene molecules interacting through collective vibrational mode can be used for entanglement formation between two qubits each associated with ground and excited electronic states of the molecule by applying two coherent laser pulses.

Mires and forested wetlands are terrestrial ecosystems that perform many vital biosphere functions. In the Kaliningrad region, large wetland and wet forest blocks have been considered since the early twentieth century as core habitats that have great significance for sustainable development goals. Nevertheless, high-priority protected areas have not been designated there. Most wetland ecosystems have been transformed to farmlands, forestry sites and peat fields. The remaining habitats are still under threat of extinction. In a market-driven environment of capitalist society, a nature conservation system has to adopt new approaches and seize opportunities stemming from interactions between the academic and business communities. Our experience of successful nature conservation projects suggests the following avenues to explore in the Kaliningrad region

—The structure and the physicochemical properties of boron carbide powders obtained by the mechanochemical synthesis of the carbon char and amorphous boron mix by applying the methods of the X-ray phase analysis (XPA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and chemical analysis were investigated. On the basis of the X-ray phase analysis, it was found that full transformation of the original materials (carbon char and amorphous boron (B4C) takes place during the mechanical treatment of the mix for 30–60 min. Judging by the micro-electron diffraction pattern of the B4C obtained by the mechanical synthesis, the product of synthesis was amorphized and it contained some inclusions of the crystal phase.