Search

Purpose: an assessment of efficacy and safety of cabozantinib in unselected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the first and subsequent lines of therapy.Materials and methods. Russian multicenter observational study included 92 consecutive patients with morphologically verified metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with cabozantinib (60 mg/d) in 16 Russian centers. Median age of the patients was 56 (19-79) years, a male-to-female ratio - 3:1. At the start of cabozantinib therapy 27.2 % of patients had ECOG PS 2. Most common histological type of kidney cancer was clear-cell RCC (90.2 %). Most patients were diagnosed with synchronous (71.7 %) multiple metastases (60.9 %). Previous nephrectomy was performed in 87.0 % of cases. Prognosis according to International Metastatic Renal Cancer Database Consortium (IMDC) score was assessed as favorable in 5.4 %, intermediate - in 58.7 % and poor - in 35.9 % patients. Cabozantinib as the first-line therapy was administered in 9 (9.8 %), following 1-5 lines of systemic treatment - in 83 (90.2 %) cases. Median follow-up was 11 (2.3-44.5) months.Results. In patients, receiving cabozantinib as the first-line therapy, objective response rate was 66.7 %, tumor control was reached in 100 % of cases. Median time to the objective response was 2.6 (1.9-3.6) months, median objective response duration - 13.2 (6.2-21.5) months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached, 6- and 12-months PFS was 77.8 % and 77.8 %, 6- and 12-months OS - 88.9 % and 88.9 % respectively. Cabozantinib as the second and subsequent lines of therapy provided objective response rate of 34.9 %, tumor control rate - 97.6 %. Median time to the objective response was 2.5 (1.8-4.1) months, median objective response duration - 12.6 (5.5-27.3) months. Median PFS was not reached (6- and 12-months PFS - 92.5 % and 73.1 % respectively), median OS was 32.6 months (6- and 12-months OS - 97.4 % and 80.8 % respectively). Any adverse events (AE) developed in 88.8 %, AE grade III-IV - in 32.6 % of cases. Most frequent AE grade III-IV included arterial hypertension (18.5 %), diarrhea (6.5 %) and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (6.5 %). Unacceptable toxicity demanded treatment cancellation in 2.2 %, therapy interruption - in 16.3 % and dose reduction - in 30.4 % of patients.Conclusion. Cabozantinib as the first and subsequent lines of therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients in the real world practice demonstrated high efficacy and better tolerability comparing with population assigned for cabozantinib monotherapy in the randomized phase II-III trials.

Numerical modeling for the purpose of receiving the temperature field of cooled rotor blades and its improvement is an integral process of modern design of gas turbine engines since the issue of cooling at gas temperature at the combustion chamber outlet over 1800-2000 K is becoming one of the key ones. To ensure the specified parameters of turbine operation during its design, it is necessary to obtain reliable calculation data. The article presents an algorithm for forming a calculation model to determine the thermal state of the working blade of a high-temperature high-pressure gas turbine in the Ansys program. The process of preparation of geometric and grid models is described, the boundary conditions used to set up the project in Ansys CFX Pre are given. A method for determining the cooling efficiency factor using Ansys CFX Post is also presented. The distributions of the temperature field and the coefficient of cooling efficiency over the surfaces of the blade to be cooled are obtained. Integral values of the coefficient of cooling efficiency for the designed blade at various cooling air flow rates were compared with statistical data. On the basis of the comparison a conclusion was made that the working blade considered in the work corresponds to the modern level of cooling efficiency.

Background. Salvage radiation therapy is the “gold standard” of treatment for patients with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. However, the results of the effectiveness of salvage radiation therapy in patients with regional recurrences are significantly lower than in patients with local one of prostate cancer, and, as a rule, the progression of the disease more often continues lymphogenic, affecting the next barrier of lymph outflow – retroperitoneal lymph nodes.Aim. To develop a new more effective radical method of salvage radiation therapy in patients with regional relapses of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.Materials and methods. The radiotherapy department of the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia has developed a new method of hypofractionation salvage radiation therapy of patients with regional recurrences of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, which includes treatment not only to regional recurrences, the bed of prostate and regional lymph nodes of the pelvis, but also and prophylactic radiation treatment to retroperitoneal lymph nodes.Results. 25 patients were treated with prophylactic radiation treatment to retroperitoneal lymph nodes from 2018 to 2021. The median follow-up of patients was 19 (7–22) months. In all patients, radiotherapy was performed in combination with hormone therapy with analogues of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone with a median duration of administration of 8 (6–10) months. All patients were treated without interruption according to the previously planned dosimetric treatment plans. At the end of the course of radiation therapy, none of the patients had any pronounced negative effects of the III–IV degree (according to the RTOG /EORTC scale). The 1-year local and biochemical control of the disease were 100 and 88 %, respectively.Conclusions. Initial data assessing the safety of the newly developed salvage radiation therapy technique in hypofractionation mode with additional prophylactic of retroperitoneal lymph nodes demonstrate good tolerability. However, further study and randomized phase III clinical trial are required to determine clinical efficacy.

Background. The introduction of immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has significantly improve the effectiveness of kidney cancer treatment. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to such treatment and there are no reliable predictive markers. Therefore, the development of a model system for assessing the cellular immune response to a tumor seems to be an urgent task.Aim. Development of a model to assess the T-cell immune response was the focus of this study.Materials and methods. Primary tumor cell culture and peripheral blood T-cell fraction were obtained under standard sterile conditions. T-cell activation were perform via anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. The cell index was assessed using the RTCA xCELLigence biosensor technology (ACEA Biosciences, USA).Results. Tumor and T-cells from the same patient were cultured together to assess the growth rate of the tumor cell population. Measurements were taken at 30-minute intervals. The duration of observation was 24 hours. It has been shown that non-activated T-cells do not affect the proliferative properties of cultured cancer cells. On the contrary, activated T-cells suppressed the proliferative properties of cancer cells, which was associated with an increase in the proportion of Т-cells carrying the HLA-DR receptor (CD3+HLA–DR+) because of activation. Tumor-specific T-cell activity can lead to three consequences: lack of effect, partial suppression of proliferative properties, and complete death of tumor cells. In the latter case, the absence of such cells was determined by flow cytometry.Conclusion. The developed approach makes it possible to evaluate the cytotoxic properties of T cells in relation to tumor cells in a particular patient. The advantage of this method is that the measurement can be carried out in the presence of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The proposed method may be useful for evaluating the treatment regimen within the framework of personalized therapy.

The article summarizes the results of the companies' achievements at the exhibition "RENWEX – 2022". Like any products, green energy products are subjected to tests and diagnostics to confirm their quality and reliability. The main methods and means of non-destructive testing and examples of their practical use in improving the quality of green energy products are given.

Research subject. The article presents the results of studying traces of the global Late Aeronian biotic and isotopic (δ13Ccarb) events preserved in a new reference section of the Lower Silurian in the Subpolar Urals.Materials and methods. The samples of sedimentary rocks and microfauna, the results of isotope analysis, as well as the collections with remains of benthic fauna collected by the authors in different years during fieldwork were investigated. The studies were confirmed by sedimentological, biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data obtained by the authors.Results. The The event-stratigraphic interval, established in the upper part of the Lolashor stage (Aeronian) of the Silurian, is characterized by increasing regressive tendencies, decreasing biodiversity, disappearance of Pranognathus tenuis conodonts and brachiopods of the genus Pentamerus, as well as by δ13Ccarb anomalies in the upper strata of the Lolashor stage.Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a eustatic drop in the sea level, a major ecosystem restructuring, and a sedimentation gap at the end of the Lolashor time. The boundary between the Lolashor and Philippel stages (Aeronian and Telychian) records a sharp negative isotopic shift of δ13Ccarb, which was first observed in the Lower Silurian section in the European Northeast of Russia.

The article briefly describes the main methods of hardness measurement in non-stationary field conditions. Among them are dynamic and ultrasonic methods, which made it possible to create portable devices of wide application. The features and advantages of modern mobile means of measuring the hardness of materials of numerous technological structures are described. The information about the main manufacturers of portable hardness testers and metrological means of their calibration and verification is given.

The article presents the results of comparative therapy of cats with inflammatory processes in the oral cavity (stomatitis, nigivit). We selected 30 cats, took the material for BAC-inoculation with subtitration to antibiotics, and analyzed the results. To compare therapy, which includes the use of an antibacterial drug and complex therapy, which includes additional processing of the oral cavity, two groups of animals were created. Based on previously obtained and known data, the first group of animals was prescribed doxycycline in oral form at a dose of 5 mg per kg 2 times a day for 7 days, the second group, the animals were prescribed doxycycline at the same dose, but additionally with the treatment of the oral cavity an aqueous solution of propolis and chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.12% 3 times a day after meals for 7 days. According to the results of BAC-inoculation with subtitration to antibiotics, it was revealed that the largest group of the studied animals was contaminated with Pasteurella multocida. All isolated microorganisms were sensitive to the prescribed antibiotic. After the therapy, it was noted that the state of the oral cavity in animals taking doxycycline and conducting local treatments with an aqueous solution of propolis, chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.12% was better than in animals with only the use of doxycycline. Improvements in the first group occurred by the end of the week of taking the drug, in the second - after an average of 3 days.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in men. Viral infections can be risk factors for prostate carcinogenesis. Based on the literature review, an assumption can be made about the pathogenetic role of viral infections in prostate carcinogenesis. Further study of this problem is required, the solution of which can make a great contribution to the diagnosis and prevention of prostate cancer

Background. The search for new prognostic markers of renal cell carcinoma is an urgent problem of oncourology. Modern studies demonstrate the need for a comprehensive assessment of the clinical and prognostic significance of many markers.Aim is a comprehensive analysis of the prognostic significance of soluble forms of PD-1 and PD-L1 (sPD-1 and sPD-L1) depending on the phenotype of tumor cells and the microenvironment.Materials and methods. The study included tumor tissue and serum samples from 54 patients with renal cell cancer and from 67 healthy donors. The concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were determined in blood serum using ELISA. Tissue expression of PD-L1, PU.1, CD3, and CD20 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. To determine statistically significant differences in independent groups, the Mann–Whitney test and Fisher’s exact test were used. Overall survival was analyzed by constructing survival curves using the Kaplan–Meier method. Differences were considered statistically significant at p Results. Increase of sPD-L1 concentration in serum from patients with renal cell carcinoma compared with healthy donors was demonstrated. The highest concentration of the soluble form of the PD-1 receptor was observed in serum from patients with the non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. High levels of sPD-L1 in serum and PD-L1 in tumor cells are associated with disease progression (advanced stage, higher malignancy, as well as the presence of regional metastases). It has been shown that the high content of PU.1+ and CD20+ cells in the tumor stroma are significant factors of unfavorable prognosis. No prognostic significance was found for both sPD-L1 and PD-L1 expressed in tumor tissue. However, analysis of a combination of these markers showed that the high concentration of sPD-L1 together with the high tissue expression of PD-L1 is an extremely unfavorable factor.Conclusion. Analysis of sPD-L1 concentration and tissue expression of PD-L1 in combination is a new approach for assessing the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma.

The article proposes an alternative view of the theory of the Big Bang, which served as the initial point for the formation of the Universe. The anthropic hypothesis sees our universe as a single electromagnetic entity, consistently realizing itself at seven stages of evolution. 1. The germ (Genome) of the universe, which is represented by a scalar value (field) in the form of a noumenal (hypothetical) electromagnetic dipole, that is in a state of cosmological singularity. 2. The spatial environment of “dark energy” in the form of a chaos of a volumetric web of point sources of electric charges and magnetic lines of force, which should not be associated with electrons and positrons of electricity familiar to our ear and the north and south poles of a magnet. 3. The spatial environment of “dark matter” (ether) in the form of a three-dimensional web of negatively and positively charged magnetic monopoles. 4. The physical Universe in the form of photon (electromagnetic) gratings - fluctuations, black holes and stars of galaxies that we observe, as well as objects of knowledge in our solar system and directly on Earth. 5. Psychic (Intellectual) Universe in the form of a single consciousness / mind continuum, which physically manifests itself as Ego – I. 6–7. Currently with our imperfect mind Ego – I we can hardly realize the subsequent stages of the evolution of the consciousness / mind continuum, but the anthropic hypothesis suggests that humanity, as well as every human being that is aware of himself as a creative individual, is able to foresee possible options for the development of our civilization up to the intuitive (holistic) perception of the single essence of the universe and the subsequent formation of the germ (Genome), which ensures its subsequent life cycle.

The article describes the possibilities of using microradiowaves in solving practical problems in the field of security technologies. Examples of solving practical problems are given. Specific types of devices and their developers are specified. The features of the use of ultra-wideband radar methods in solving security problems are highlighted. The prospects of using microradiowaves in the direction of creating modern security tools are considered.

The article discusses modern microradiowave methods and means of remote control of parameters of dynamic processes associated with movement, rotation, change of position and condition of objects of control. The main advantages of the methods are contactlessness, remoteness, inertia-free and efficiency. Examples of developments that implement the capabilities of microradiowave methods for monitoring dynamic processes are given. Advantages and prospects are shown.

The article describes the wide possibilities of microwave methods for measuring humidity of a large range of products, their differences and advantages. Specific examples and the most common schemes of implemented microwave moisture meters are given. The ways of development of microwave moisture measurement in modern conditions are shown.

Objective: to analyze histological structure and identify predictors of detecting malignant non-seminoma in residual tumor masses obtained from patients with testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (TNSGCTs) who had not achieved complete serological and radiological response to chemotherapy (CT).Materials and methods. This study included 96 out of 703 patients with TNSGCTs (13.7 %) operated on in N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The inclusion criteria were as follows: verified advanced TNSGCT, elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein and/or chorionic gonadotropin at the moment of CT initiation, at least 3 completed courses of first-line or second-line platinum-based CT, residual tumor foci after CT visualized with radiological methods, alpha-fetoprotein >7.29 IU/mL or chorionic gonadotropin >5 mIU/mL 3 weeks after the initiation of the last CT course, and surgery after CT. Histological examination of the primary tumors demonstrated that they contained elements of seminoma (n = 14; 14.6 %), teratoma (n = 29; 30.2 %), choriocarcinoma in (n = 23; 23.9 %), embryonal carcinoma (n = 45; 46.9 %), and yolk sac (n = 18; 18.8 %). All study participants received first-line CT; 58 of them (60.4 %) also received second-line CT. All patients underwent surgery after CT, including retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) (n = 96; 100 %) and excision of extra-retroperitoneal lesions (n = 8; 8.3 %).Results. Histological examination of excised retroperitoneal masses showed that they contained areas of necrosis and fibrosis (n = 25; 26.0 %), teratoma (n = 29; 30.2 %), and viable malignant non-seminoma (n = 42; 43.8 %). There was a strong positive correlation between the existence of residual malignant non-seminomatous components in retroperitoneal masses and presence of choriocarcinoma (r = 0.300; р = 0.004), as well as the absence of embryonal carcinoma in the primary tumor (r = –0.300; р = 0.004), invasion of retroperitoneal metastases into major vessels and/or adjacent organs (r = 0.243; р = 0.017), and second-line CT prior to RPLND (r = 0.413; р Conclusion. Malignant non-seminomas were detected in 43.8 % of retroperitoneal and 62.5 % of extra-retroperitoneal residual tumorsremoved after CT in patients with advanced TNSGCTs and incomplete serological and radiological response. Discordant structure of metastases at different locations was observed in 50 % of patients. Our finding can be used to select candidates for surgical excision of residual tumors among these patients.

The article provides a brief overview of methods of dielectric flaw detection using microradiowaves. The main types of inhomogeneities and defects detected by microwave flaw detectors are described. Control schemes with one-way and two-way access to the object of control are considered. Reflection flaw detectors are preferable when they are implemented in practice. The possibility of obtaining radio images of internal defects by scanning converters or using multielement receivers is shown.

The article presents the results of the development of proposals to increase the safety margin of the blades and the efficiency of a single-stage axial flow turbine compressor of a small-sized turbo-shaft engine being modernized with the use of multidiscipline optimization methods. Analysis of the initial version of the turbine showed that the margin of safety of the working blades is significantly lower than that required by the strength standards. To eliminate the problem encountered the task of blade development was initially solved only according to strength characteristics, without taking into account gas dynamic processes. As a result, the geometry of the working blades that met the strength requirements was obtained. It was used as a starting point for solving the joint task of optimizing the blading, taking into account gas dynamic and deformation processes. As a result of joint optimization, a turbine version meeting the strength standards was obtained, although we had to slightly reduce the efficiency of the turbine by 0,2%.

The article presents an overview of methods for measuring geometric parameters – the thickness of dielectric materials and products using ultrahigh frequency radio waves. The main methods of thickness measurement are considered: geometric, amplitude-phase, frequency-phase, ellipsometric, with examples and characteristics of their practical application. The schemes of implemented microwave thickness gauges and converters are given.

Over the past years, the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have significantly improved due to the use of intensive chemotherapy, more effective supportive therapy, and the availability of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This article presents the outcomes of children with AML treated in accordance with the AML-MM-2006 protocol. Our study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The study included 233 patients with a median age of 6.5 years (7 days – 18 years) who were stratified into the following risk groups: standard risk, intermediate risk, and high risk. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 0.64 ± 0,14, 0.49 ± 0.05, and 0.43 ± 0.05 for standard-risk (n = 12), intermediate-risk (n = 106), and high-risk (n = 115) patients, respectively (p = 0.14), while the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 1.0 year, 0.7 ± 0.05 and 0.55 ± 0.05, respectively (p = 0.001). The OS in the entire cohort was 0.68 ± 0.032. Factors associated with poor prognosis included hyperleukocytosis, the presence of extramedullary lesions, and age < 1 year. The overall survival rates in these patient groups were 0.55 ± 0.08, 0.39 ± 0.09 and 0.49 ± 0.08, respectively. The worst prognosis was for patients with monosomy 7 and t(7;12) whose OS rates were 0.25 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.2, respectively. For non-responders and patients with relapsed AML, the OS was 0.33 ± 0.08 and 0.54 ± 0.06, respectively. Early death (before remission could be achieved) occurred in 4% of patients, and 3.8% of patients died in first remission. Sixtytwo percent of deceased patients died of disease progression. In the entire cohort of patients, the five-year EFS was 0.53 ± 0.047, the cumulative risk of relapse after 3 years of remission was 40%, the confidence interval was 23–89%.

Background. Metastasing and degree of differentiation refer to the main clinical characteristics of malignant tumors. Both listed features need an in-depth study that can lead to an understanding of the mechanisms for the occurrence of certain state of cancer cells.Objective. Studying the processes of metastasis and differentiation of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) on gene expression.Materials and methods. The levels of expression of ten genes in 65 paired samples were studied (ccRCC tumor tissue and the normal kidney tissue) by the real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. It is shown that the expression of CA9, NDUFA4L2, VWF, IGFBP3, BHLHE41, ANGPTL4 and EGLN3 genes is associated both with the degree of differentiation of the ccRCC and with the metastasis of this tumor. C1QA expression is connected only with metastasis, but does not participate in the process of differentiation of tumor cells. An ambiguous situation with FN1 and CSF1R gene expression is not essential for ccRCC metastasis processes, but may have a certain value for differentiation of cells of this tumor. Low-differentiated tumors have about five times an increased metastasis frequency during the year relative to highly differentiated tumors (odds ratio 4.94). A low correlation of gene expression in tumors with a low degree of differentiation is revealed, as opposed to their high co-expression during tumor progression by TNM classifications.Conclusion. A significant part of genes substantial for the development of ccRCC is associated with both metastasis and the degree of differentiation of the ccRCC, which is due to the similarity of functional changes that stimulate both of these processes. For low-differentiated tumors the number of genes with correlated expression is less than in high-differentiated tumors. This may be due to disorganization of gene expression.

The International Forum "Healthcare 2021" was held in the Year of Science and Technology. More than 450 companies from 20 countries demonstrated their products. Modern medical equipment of the highest level was presented: X-ray machines, computed tomographs, ultrasound diagnostic devices, endoscopes, cardiographs, remote temperature monitoring devices, medical instruments and much more. The business program was devoted to the problems of today in medicine and the wider involvement of young scientists and students of medical universities in their solution.

Nivolumab was registered in Russia in December 2016 as a monotherapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and it remains a second‑line treatment choice for patients with disease progression after the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Even though immunotherapy has already proven to be an effective approach for the treatment of RCC, predictive biomarkers for the rational selection of patients remain unidentified.Seventy‑five patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who received nivolumab in the 2nd and subsequent lines of therapy from 2015 to 2020 under the expanded access program were enrolled in this study. The objective response rate was 21,3 %. Median progression‑free survival (PFS) was 5,5 months. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached.To analyze molecular biomarkers correlated with the response to immunotherapeutic treatment, we performed whole‑transcriptome RNA sequencing of 16 samples (FFPE) in 15 patients with the assessment of the expression level for individual genes (PDCD1, CD274, CD8A, CD8B, CD4) and gene signatures (Angio, Teff, Myeloid Inflammation).Disease control rates were not different for the subgroups of patients with high and low expression of any of the signatures examined, and further principal component analysis did not reveal clustering of patients with and without objective response.Further studies on a larger sample of patients will help confirm or deny the predictive role of biomarkers selected for analysis in a heterogeneous population of RCC patients.

A brief overview of the events of the VIII International Industrial Forum “NDT Territory. Non-destructive testing. Tests. Diagnostics” The exhibition of NDT and TD instruments and tools was accompanied by a business program. Within the framework of the forum, round tables were held on topical problems of non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics, a youth scientific and technical conference, the All-Russian competition of final qualification works “New Generation – 2021”, the final of the All-Russian competition on non-destructive testing “Defectoscopist 2021” and a national prize in the field non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics.

According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 21, 2020 N 20 "On the approval of the Doctrine of food security of the Russian Federation", the basis for the formation of a national quality management system for food and agricultural products, the main goal of which is to ensure product quality as the most important component of improving health population, improving the quality of agricultural products with the help of modern innovative technologies and feed additives, promoting and stimulating the growth of demand and supply for better food products and ensuring the observance of consumer rights to purchase quality products. Achieving the goals of the Doctrine in the field of improving the quality of food and feed products is supposed to be realized with the help of some tasks, where one of them is the development of the production of food additives and ingredients in the Russian Federation, as well as the development and implementation of a quality management system for agricultural and food products and the creation of conditions for production of new generation products with specified quality characteristics. In this regard, this paper discusses the optimal and economical methods for extracting the dye from the flowers of Clitoria ternatea in order to reduce the duration of the production cycle and the introduction of low-waste technologies, which can exclude the irrational use of raw materials, lead to an increase in production, a decrease in the cost of the finished product, and an increase in economic production indicators, reducing the anthropogenic impact of production on the environment. Also, the work has developed and described a modern technology for the production of a dye, according to which it is possible to improve the quality and safety monitoring system. The prospects of using the dye from Clitoria ternatea flowers in feed additives for farm animals and birds are considered. This can undoubtedly be of interest to the business community, therefore, we can assume that the production of a natural dye from plant materials and this work is a fairly relevant subject within the framework of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, not only from the medico-biological, but also from the technological side.

The article briefly describes the current state of alternative energy in the world, the need for its improvement, examples of wider use of solar and wind energy in leading countries, problems associated with the operation of “green” energy. The exhibition showed the level of development of the main directions of alternative energy, leading countries and firms, as well as the topics of the problems discussed.

The review presents the concept the key mechanism of the tumor process is a violation of adhesion interactions involving local and central mechanisms. Local features of adhesive dysregulation are demonstrated in the first part. The lack of histospecific adhesion molecules expression resulting from stress or genetic mutation damages an important mechanism of antitumor protection of the tissue disrupting the processes of proliferation and differentiation. The deficiency of histone-specific homotypic adhesion molecules which occurs later exacerbates the disorders. This leads to a decrease in the expression of leukocyte integrins (LFA-1, Mac-1) ligands of the β2 family on the surface of immune effectors and to an increase also in the expression of adhesion molecules to the substrate-antigens VLA (very late activation) family of β1 -integrins on tumor cells. The first restricts the interaction of ICAM family molecules with their contra-receptors from the β2 -integrin family reducing the elimination of target cells by immune effectors which contributes to the screening of the tumor from antitumor surveillance. The second promotes the invasion of the tumor into the surrounding tissues, the formation of blood vessels as well as its heterotypic adhesion with other tissues which further stimulates the proliferation and suppression processes of tumor cells apoptosis. So, the adhesion molecules can be compared to the Phoenix bird: disappearing at the beginning of the process (between the similar cells), they reappear in a new quality (increasing adhesion to cells of other tissues), increasing the totalysm of the tumor. It should be taken into account that tumor cells due to adhesion dysregulation “isolate themselves from society”, lose their differentiation, their maturity and “fall into childhood”, being unable to perform specific, “adult” functions. So, cancer can be considered as a manifestation of the cells aging. Therefore, the anti-stress, endogenous geroprotective mechanisms activation based on the adhesion correction can be effective for preventing and treatment the oncological process.

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of growth and development of trees of the Dalikatnaya variety, propagated on clonal rootstocks VPK-1 and 18/25, by the following parameters: crown projection area, tree height, crown volume, trunk cross-sectional area and dynamics of their change on during 2017–2020. On the basis of the received data the elite form 18/25 has been carried to group of very undersized rootstocks which on 5-6th years of cultivation in a garden provided productivity of the Dalikatnaya variety 21,8–22,1 kg/dr with a layout scheme of 4×2 m. The economic evaluation of five zoned plum varieties of different ripening terms (Venera, Kroman, Perdrigon, Stanley, Charadzeika), suggests that the clonal rootstock 18/25 provided a restrained growth force of trees of all studied varieties, with yields in 2019–2020 at the level of 14.6–20.5 kg/dr, with the average weight of the fruit 33.6–45.4 g. Signs of the rootstock and graft physiological incompatibility during the study period were not detected, the formation of root shoots was not observed. This contributed to the good development of the trees and the realization of the genetic potential of variety productivity and crop quality.

One of the chief limiting factors for the cultivated cherry plum in the central zone of Belarus is winter hardiness. The main components of cherry plum winter hardiness were studied by the method of artificial freezing. The main test modes were: resistance to autumn slight frosts and early frosts; the maximum value of frost resistance developed by plants after the end of organic dormancy; the ability to maintain resistance to low temperatures during the winter thaws, to restore frost resistance during re-hardening after thaws. In the field, as well as in artificial freezing in various modes, the vascular-conducting tissue of the bourgeon node turned out to be the most sensitive to freezing. Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment of the winter hardiness of cultivated cherry plum genotypes in the field and using the method of direct freezing, we can distinguish that the sources of winter hardiness of tissues of annual shoots are hybrids 09-10/46 (Lama × Gaviota) and 09-9/72 (Comet × Mara); sources of winter hardiness of generative buds are hybrids 09-3/22 (Puteshestvennitsa × pollen mixture), 09-9/61, 09-9/66, 09-9/72 (Comet × Mara).

The OPERA experiment was designed to discover the vτ appearance in a vμ beam, due to neutrino oscillations. The detector, located in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory, consisted of a nuclear photographic emulsion/lead target with a mass of about 1.25 kt, complemented by electronic detectors. It was exposed from 2008 to 2012 to the CNGS beam: an almost pure vμ beam with a baseline of 730 km, collecting a total of 1.8·1020 protons on target. The OPERA Collaboration eventually assessed the discovery of vμ→vτ oscillations with a statistical significance of 6.1 σ by observing ten vτ CC interaction candidates. These events have been published on the Open Data Portal at CERN. This paper provides a detailed description of the vτ data sample to make it usable by the whole community., Measurement(s)tau neutrinoTechnology Type(s)detectorSample Characteristic - Environmentneutrino beamSample Characteristic - LocationLaboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14979858

The article summarizes the main results of the large-scale international exhibition "Metalworking 2021". Machine tool construction and metalworking technologies have reached a new modern level, based on the automation of production and the use of measurement technologies in the process of manufacturing parts of complex geometric shapes. Brief information about companies specializing in measurement technologies and non-destructive testing of finished products is provided.

Purpose: to study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf-a) and its receptors (vegfr-1 and vegfr-2) in renal cell carcinoma (rcc) cells and assess the effect of the expression levels of these markers on the tumor characteristics and prognosis of patients with rcc.Material and methods. The study included 65 patients with rcc (pt1a-t4n0/+m0/+). All patients underwent radical surgery. Histological tumor tissue samples obtained during surgery were used for the study. Expression of vegfa, vegfr-1, -2 was studied by immunohistochemical staining using appropriate antibodies to receptors and growth factors.Results. Expression of vegf and vegfr-1 and vegfr-2 receptors was ound in the cytoplasm and on the membrane of primary tumor cells of patients with rcc. There was a significant direct correlation of overexpression of the markers with g 3-4 anaplasia (vegfr-1, -2) and signs of significant tumor extension, including high pt category (vegfr-1, -2), larger size of the primary tumor (vegfr-1 , -2), tumor invasion of paranephria (vegf, vegfr-1), tumor venous thrombosis (vegfr-1, -2), multiple metastases (vegf-2), metastases in the adrenal gland (vegf, vegfr-2) and liver (vegfr-1) (p0.05).Conclusion. Expression of vegfa, as well as vegfr-1 and vegfr-2 receptors, was found on the surface and in the cytoplasm of cells of the primary tumor of patients with rcc (pt1a-t4n0/+m0/+). There was a significant correlation between vegf/vegfr overexpression with a high grade (g3-4) tumor anaplasia and significant tumor extension. In univariate analysis, a significant adverse effect on specific survival of vegfr-2 overexpression was observed. In regression analysis, vegfr-2 overexpression tended to independently affect specific survival. These results show the importance of vegf/vegfr expression as biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma.