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Korneyev, Severyn V., Hancock, David L., Hauser, Martin, Korneyev, Valery A., Gaimari, Stephen D. (2021): A new species of the genus Themarictera Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Phytalmiinae: Acanthonevrini) from Madagascar. Zootaxa 4996 (2): 383-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4996.2.12

Terellia ptilostemi sp. n., a previously unknown peculiar species of the genus Terellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 is described based on the holotype and a large series of paratypes reared from Ptilostemon rhiphaeus (Pau & Font Quer) Greuter (Asteraceae: Cardueae) in Tétouan and Chefchaouen provinces of Western Morocco. The new species has the phallus glans typical for the species of Terellia serratulae group but has extremely uncommon wing pattern of four black crossbands, whereas the other species of the group have entirely hyaline of slightly infuscated wings. Holotype and most paratypes are deposited in the collection of Laboratory of Ecology, Systematic and Conservation of Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco.

To determine the performance characteristics of rubber-cord pipes under the influence of internal overpressure taking into account the relative displacement of the ends (flanges), an unconventional method of approximate analytical solution and the subsequent increase in the accuracy of calculating the stress-strain state of rubber-cord shells with tensile cord casing is used. The fundamental difference between the force created by the rubber cord pipe and the spacer force is taken into consideration. The calculation is compared with the results of experiments on fracture, the calculated value of the excess fracture pressure fits into the confidence interval of the spread of experimental data. Examples of constructing isobar power characteristics of sleeve-type pneumatic shock absorbers (sleeve tensilecompression shock absorbers) are shown and the features of their behavior are analyzed at different values of the operating and design parameters of the rubber cord pipe. The results are intended for engineering calculations and the optimal design of rubber cord pipes used to connect pipelines, or as air shock absorbers to protect technical objects from vibration and shock

The review of the fundamental scientific works on the mechanics of pneumatic tires is given. A mathematical model is proposed for a rubber-cord shell, taking into account the tensile properties of the cord threads and the elastic resistance of the rubber matrix without limiting the magnitude of the deformations, which differs from the mathematical model of the moment-free theory of mesh shells used in pneumatic tires mechanics. The applied loads are assumed to be static and axisymmetric. Equilibrium equations are compiled in the form that excludes the emergence of a singularity at special points and does not require special techniques and tools for integration. To construct the constitutive relations reflecting the structural heterogeneity of the material and described by smooth functions of spatial coordinates, the principle of virtual displacements is used. The order of solving the equations of the mathematical model is indicated. A critical analysis of the known variants of the theoretical description of the initial geometry of the rubber-cord shell after its manufacture is given. A modified method is proposed, based on the consideration of the process of deformation of the representative element of the workpiece and generally accepted assumptions. The redundancy and inadmissibility of the assumption of the constancy of the pitch between the cords or the assumption of the constancy of the area of the elementary rhombic cell of the workpiece are indicated. The developed mathematical model is designed to design air springs with optimal performance

The procedure of linearization of the previously constructed mathematical model of a rubber-cord shell of rotation with elastically deformable cord threads under symmetric loading with internal excessive pressure and axial force is performed. The characteristic specialty of the linearized mathematical model is analyzed, special attention is paid to the correct choice of the unloaded reference configuration, which takes place not at zero excess pressure, but at excess pressure tending to zero. It is noted that the linearized mathematical model is of the greatest practical interest for analytical calculation and design of rubber-cord branch pipes and pneumatic sleeve-type shock absorbers with optimal performance characteristics

The calculation-experimental method for explicitly definition the initial distributions of the angle of inclination of the cord threads, the pitch between them, the volume fractions of cord threads and rubber in the rubber-cord composite along the rotation shell meridian is presented. A brief theory of the method developed earlier with the participation of one of the authors is set forth. The main attention is paid to the procedure of sample making, the order of measurement and mathematical processing of primary data to establish the average values of the angle of inclination and pitch of the long fiber cords at the equator of the shell. The practical application of the proposed calculation-experimental method is illustrated by the example of a rubber-cord shell of the balloon type of the model N-50. The results of the study are of interest in the design of systems for shock and vibration protection of technical objects, such as underground and mobile complexes of strategic missile launchers, aircraft electronic equipment and general-purpose vehicles

Prior to this study, 141 species of Tephritidae were known to occur in Italy. Italian records of nine species of the family Tephritidae (Diptera) are provided. Five species, Eurasimona stigma (Loew, 1840), Noeeta bisetosa Merz, 1992, Campiglossa doronici (Loew, 1856), Xyphosia laticauda (Meigen, 1826) and Rhagoletis berberidis Jermy, 1961 are recorded from Italy for the first time, whereas four species, Inuromaesa maura (Frauenfeld, 1857), Urophora cuspidata (Meigen, 1826), Tephritis conyzifoliae Merz, 1992 and T. mutabilis Merz, 1992, previously recorded in the Fauna Europaea database without reference to collection material, are confirmed and supplemented with host plant data and other collection data.

Based on previously unpublished specimens from the collection of I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (Kyiv), all the species of the tribe Carpomyini known to occur in Europe and Asia westwards of the Caspian Sea and Afghanistan, are listed. The melon fruit fly, Carrpomya (Myiopardalis) pardalina (Bigot) is recorded for the first time from Ukraine and Europe, and Carpomya (s. str.) vesuviana (A. Costa, 1854) for continental Ukraine, based on collection material. Carpomya (Goniglossum) liat (Freidberg, 2016), comb. n., is established as Goniglossum has not been adopted at the genus rank. New records and illustrated keys to species are given.

A preliminary list of the picture-winged flies known from Columbia is supplemented by 15 species based predominantly on the materials from the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA and now contains 28 species, including Xycores igniceps gen. & sp. n. from Venezuela and Colombia. The new genus belongs to the subfamily Otitinae and is preliminarily assigned to the tribe Cephaliini by the combination of the high clypeus, strongly widened palp, setulose vein R1, and ejaculator with short sperm pump and long fan-like apodeme. It clearly differs from other members of the tribe by the combination of elongate, narrow, apically truncated flagellomere 1, robust, mainly shining thorax with pair of microtrichose vittae, well developed proepisternal, postpronotal, acrostichal, 2 pairs of dorsocentral and scutellar setae, wing with entirely setulose vein R1 abdominal tergites devoid of microtrichia, sternites and abdominal pleura narrow, male genitalia with short epandrium, numerous (7–8) prensisetae arranged into a row along posterior margin, shallow hypandrium with pair of setulose pregonites, no postgonites or epiphallus, and an almost bare phallus with a pair of long spines submedially.

The Bergstrom-Boyce hyper-viscoelasticity model, which is based on considerations of the microstructure of rubber-like materials and uses the multiplicative decomposition of the total strain gradient, is considered and analyzed. Special attention is paid to the choice of the single-valuedness condition, which determines the rotation of the intermediate (relaxed) configuration and ensures the uniqueness of the multiplicative decomposition of the gradient total strain to the gradient of elastic deformations and the gradient of viscous deformations. To verify the validity of the statement that this choice is not essential, we found a solution of the test problem of simple shear according to the Bergstrom-Boyce model is obtained for the three most frequently used single-valuedness conditions. The results of numerical calculations showed a significant discrepancy for dynamic stresses and a less significant discrepancy for total stresses. To separate the permissible single-valuedness conditions from the physically unacceptable single-valuedness conditions, it is proposed to use the principle of the material frame-indifference. For this purpose, of we studied the transformation of the elastic deformations and viscous deformations gradients when replacing the reference system, to which there is no single point of view in the scientific literature. For the most frequently proposed and used single-valuedness conditions, it is shown which of them do not depend on the reference system choice. Since the list of such kind of allowable ratios can be expanded many times, the choice a single-valuedness condition should be solved in the same way as it is done, e.g. for elastic potentials: a proper formulation and conducting experimental studies, or a theoretical study of the material microstructure. A phenomenological model of hyper-viscoelasticity is proposed, based on a one-dimensional Kelvin-Poynting model and limited to the case when the main axes of stresses and strains (full, elastic and viscous ones) coincide and do not change their orientation relative to the material lines (fibers). This ensures the uniqueness of the corresponding multiplicative decomposition. In order to expand the range of strain rates when describing experimental data, the dependence of the viscosity coefficient on the second invariant of the right Cauchy-Green viscous strain measure in the power law of the apparent viscosity of the Reiner-Rivlin model is taken into account, which generalizes the corresponding dependence of the Bergstrom-Boyce model. The developed mathematical model of hyper-viscoelasticity of rubber-like materials is intended for the stress-strain state calculation of highly elastic shells of rotation under symmetric loading.

As a result of studies on fruit flies in Iran during 2013-2015, two genera (Eurasimona Korneyev & White 1991 and Inuromaesa Korneyev & White 1991) and eight species: Eurasimona stigma (Loew, 1840) Inuromaesa maura (Frauenfeld, 1857), Myopites inulaedyssentericae Blot, 1827, Oxyna flavipennis (Loew, 1846), Terellia ermolenkoi Korneyev, 1985, T. odontolophi Korneyev 1993, T. pseudovirens (Hering, 1940), and Euleia kovalevi (Korneyev 1991), are recorded for the first time from Iran. The host plants, collection data as well as general distribution and diagnostic characters of them are given. Detailed illustrated redescription for T. ermolenkoi previously known from a unique holotype male is provided. The presence of Noeeta pupillata (Fallén, 1814) in the fauna of Iran is confirmed.

In addition to Toxurini and Pyrgotini, two monotypic tribes are described in the subfamily Pyrgotinae: Prodalmanniini, originally named and established by Aczél (1956) without detailed description or justification, and Toxopyrgotini trib. n. The type species of the type genera are redescribed and illustrated.

The possibility is studied and the features of the use of Rietveld X-ray diffraction method are revealed for the quantitative determination of maghemite and magnetite in their mixtures. Comparison of the data obtained with the data of Mossbauer spectroscopy is performed.

A New Species of the Genus Ramuliseta (Diptera, Ctenostylidae) from Madagascar, with a Key to Species. Korneyev, V. A. - Ramuliseta dolini sp. n. is described; it is similar to R. madagascariensis Hennig, 1961, differing by wing pattern; a key to three Afrotropical species is provided.

The method for experimentally constructing the geometric characteristics of pneumatic elements with rubber-cord casing at zero and quasi-zero pressure is proposed. The practical implementation of the method by the example of the rubber-cord shell of the balloon type of model N-50 is illustrated. The processed experimental data in an analytical form presents the empirical dependences of the internal volume on the height of the pneumatic element at zero and quasi-zero overpressure. The obtained parameters are mandatory for the model of air spring and study the damping phenomenon. The results obtained are intended for the development of vibration protection and vibration isolation systems for technical objects, the design of which includes air springs and air damping shock absorbers.

The article describes the results of the study of the process of destruction of rocks by contact. The indentation of the indenter into the well wall was considered. A body with a cylindrical surface was used as an indenter. The authors of the article applied the theory of contact interaction of G. Hertz. The strength theory was used as a criterion for destruction. K. Mohr. The dependence obtained by the authors was tested using mathematical modeling. The results of mathematical modeling have confirmed the possibility of practical application of the resulting relationship.

The method for the experimental study of the viscoelastic properties of pneumatic elements with a rubber-cord casing is proposed. Based tests of relaxation in which the height of the pneumatic element is kept constant (a practically incompressible fluid is used as the working medium). The implementation of the method is illustrated by the example of the rubber-cord casing of the balloon type of model N-50. The value of the absorption coefficient (relative hysteresis) is established, which in order of magnitude coincides with the value of the absorption coefficient of tread rubbers given in literary sources. In the process of holding the height of the pneumatic element at a constant level, increments of the force of the pneumatic element and overpressure are proportional to each other with a proportionality coefficient depending on the value of the internal volume and height of the air element. The comparative analysis of the features of the operation of pneumatic elements in cases where the working medium is a gas or liquid is done. The results obtained are of interest in the development of vibration protection and vibration isolation systems for technical objects, the design of which includes air springs, air damping shock absorbers and rubber-hydraulic vibration mounts.

A method for the experimental construction of isobaric static (equilibrium) power characteristics of pneumatic elements with a rubber-cord casing at a constant temperature is proposed. This method also allows you to determine isobar geometric characteristics, establishing a relationship between the height of the pneumatic element and the increment of its internal volume relative to some fixed position. The practical implementation of the method is illustrated by the example of a pneumatic element with a rubber-cord casing of the balloon type of the model N-50. The agreement of the experiment with the theoretical data calculated by the traditional method, widely used in the scientific literature, is analyzed. The obtained parameters are mandatory for the model of air spring and study the damping phenomenon. The results of the study are intended to develop vibration protection and vibration isolation systems for technical objects, the design of which includes air springs and air damping shock absorbers.

The article describes the design of an experimental drill-rod proposed by the research team of Siberian State Industrial University. The feature of the developed rod is the implementation of a cross-section in the form of a Reuleaux triangle. The influence of the geometric shape of the cross section of the experimental and commercially available rods on the technological aspects of their application is evaluated. Recommendations are given on the possibility of further improvement of the developed drill-rod design.

Study of all flies (Diptera) collected for one year from a four-hectare (150 x 266 meter) patch of cloud forest at 1,600 meters above sea level at Zurquí de Moravia, San José Province, Costa Rica (hereafter referred to as Zurquí), revealed an astounding 4,332 species. This amounts to more than half the number of named species of flies for all of Central America. Specimens were collected with two Malaise traps running continuously and with a wide array of supplementary collecting methods for three days of each month. All morphospecies from all 73 families recorded were fully curated by technicians before submission to an international team of 59 taxonomic experts for identification. Overall, a Malaise trap on the forest edge captured 1,988 species or 51% of all collected dipteran taxa (other than of Phoridae, subsampled only from this and one other Malaise trap). A Malaise trap in the forest sampled 906 species. Of other sampling methods, the combination of four other Malaise traps and an intercept trap, aerial/hand collecting, 10 emergence traps, and four CDC light traps added the greatest number of species to our inventory. This complement of sampling methods was an effective combination for retrieving substantial numbers of species of Diptera. Comparison of select sampling methods (considering 3,487 species of non-phorid Diptera) provided further details regarding how many species were sampled by various methods. Comparison of species numbers from each of two permanent Malaise traps from Zurquí with those of single Malaise traps at each of Tapantí and Las Alturas, 40 and 180 km distant from Zurquí respectively, suggested significant species turnover. Comparison of the greater number of species collected in all traps from Zurquí did not markedly change the degree of similarity between the three sites, although the actual number of species shared did increase. Comparisons of the total number of named and unnamed species of Diptera from four hectares at Zurquí is equivalent to 51% of all flies named from Central America, greater than all the named fly fauna of Colombia, equivalent to 14% of named Neotropical species and equal to about 2.7% of all named Diptera worldwide. Clearly the number of species of Diptera in tropical regions has been severely underestimated and the actual number may surpass the number of species of Coleoptera. Various published extrapolations from limited data to estimate total numbers of species of larger taxonomic categories (e.g., Hexapoda, Arthropoda, Eukaryota, etc.) are highly questionable, and certainly will remain uncertain until we have more exhaustive surveys of all and diverse taxa (like Diptera) from multiple tropical sites. Morphological characterization of species in inventories provides identifications placed in the context of taxonomy, phylogeny, form, and ecology. DNA barcoding species is a valuable tool to estimate species numbers but used alone fails to provide a broader context for the species identified.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Estimations of tropical insect diversity generally suffer from lack of known groups or faunas against which extrapolations can be made, and have seriously underestimated the diversity of some taxa. Here we report the intensive inventory of a four-hectare tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica for one year, which yielded 4332 species of Diptera, providing the first verifiable basis for diversity of a major group of insects at a single site in the tropics. In total 73 families were present, all of which were studied to the species level, providing potentially complete coverage of all families of the order likely to be present at the site. Even so, extrapolations based on our data indicate that with further sampling, the actual total for the site could be closer to 8000 species. Efforts to completely sample a site, although resource-intensive and time-consuming, are needed to better ground estimations of world biodiversity based on limited sampling. Entomology Section Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Poole Agricultural Center Clemson University, 130 McGinty Court, E-143 Depto. de Biologia FFCLRP Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900 Great Lakes Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E. Australian Museum, 1 William Street Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Canadian National Collection of Insects Invertebrate Biodiversity Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue Department of Biological Sciences Spaulding Hall University of New Hampshire Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – Campus Uberaba. Rua João Batista Ribeiro 4000 Distrito Industrial II Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Jardim das Américas Mississippi Entomological Museum Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12, P.O. Drawer 9775 Department of Biology Western Kentucky University Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Independent Investigator California State Collection of Arthropods, 2683 Tam O’ Shanter Dr., El Dorado Hills California Department of Food and Agriculture California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St. Department of Entomology University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Zoological Museum Biodiversity Unit FI-20014 University of Turku Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Col El Haya, Xalapa Station Linné, Ölands Skogsby 161 I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15 Universidad de Panama Department of Natural History University Museum of Bergen University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Department of Entomology Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 169 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 Systematic Entomology Laboratory USDA ARS c/o National Museum of Natural History, MRC-168, P.O. Box 37012 Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia CCEN Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco, s/n Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25 Research Group Terrestrial Ecology (TEREC) Ghent University, K.L.Ledeganckstraat 35 Entomology Unit Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29 USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1648 S. 7th Avenue Department of Biological Sciences Bishop’s University, 2600 College Street UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Canadian National Collection of Insects & Canadian Food Inspection Agency OPL-Entomology, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave. Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Finnish Museum of Natural History Zoology Unit University of Helsinki Washington State University, 2533 Inter Avenue Bohart Museum of Entomology University of California, One Shields Avenue Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

Based on data published before August 31, 2017 a checklist of the family Tephritidae (Diptera) includes 152 species and subspecies in 41 genera and three subfamilies. The list includes the distribution by province and the most important references on the nomenclature, existing keys, catalogues, original descriptions and redescriptions for the species recorded from Iran.

The phenomenological method to obtain determining relationships of a rubber-cord elastic element of highly elastic couplings of any axisymmetric design is described. The induced deformation anisotropy effect considering the temperature influence is described in the nonlinear approximation of the first order. Basic tests necessary for determining material parameters of the proposed mathematical model are indicated.

Eight species of the family Piophilidae are found in the mainland Ukraine. Five of them, Allopiophila luteata (Haliday, 1833), Parapiophila vulgaris (Fallén, 1820), Protopiophila latipes (Meigen, 1838), Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen, 1826), and Neottiophilum praeustum (Meigen, 1826), are recorded from the first time from Ukraine. Two species, Mycetaulus bipunctatus (Fallén, 1823) and Prochyliza nigrimana (Meigen, 1826), have been previously recorded only from Crimea.

Afropyrgota gen. n. (type species: Apyrgota marshalli Hendel, 1914) is established to include five species, Afropyrgota copelandi sp. n., Afropyrgota mambilla sp. n., Afropyrgota marshalli (Hendel, 1914) comb. n. (= Apyrgota marshalli Hendel, 1914), Afropyrgota ota sp. n. and Afropyrgota uzungwa sp. n., occurring in the tropical part of Africa. All species are described, illustrated and keyed. Th e new genus is similar to Eupyrgota Coquillett in having large size and wasp-like appearance, wing with spurious vein inserted at deep and sharp bend of R2+3, and femora with two ventral rows of shortened and thickened setae, clearly diff ering by the lack of the finger-like projections on presternum and sclerotized hooks on oviscape. Four species formerly assigned to Apyrgota are shown to belong to Tylotrypes Bezzi: T. breviventris (Shi, 1996), comb. n.; T. fura (Shi, 1996), comb. n.; T. jiangleensis (Shi, 1994), comb. n.; T. longa (Shi, 1996), comb. n.; in addition, 2 species are transferred here from Campylocera Macquart and Adapsilia Waga: T. fuscipes (Wulp, 1885), comb. n. and T. hispida (Kim & Han, 2001), comb. n. A revised diagnosis of the genus Tylotrypes is given

The type specimens of fruit flies described by Dr. Theodor Becker based on material collected in China (Xinjiang and Xizang) and Iran by Russian expeditions directed by Petr Kozlov and Mykola Zarudny are listed and figured. They are deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg with some duplicates in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Current concepts of the species, their morphological characters (illustrated by photographs of type specimens), current condition, and nomenclature are discussed.

Terellia barughii new species from Tabriz (East Azerbaijan Province) and T. babaki new species from Qazvin Province (Iran) are described and figured, and Terellia amberboae V. Korneyev & Merz, 1996 is redescribed. A new species group is established, host plant and phylogenetic relationships are briefly discussed, and a key to species is provided.

Pyrgotid Flies Assigned to Apyrgota. II. New Synonyms in Eupyrgota (Subgenus Taeniomastix) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), with Key to Subgenera and Species. Korneyev V. A. - The synonymy of Taeniomastix Enderlein, 1942, syn. n. (type species: Taeniomastix sumatrana Enderlein, 1942) and Eupyrgota Coquillett. 1898 is established. The subgeneric rank of Taeniomastix is proposed; the subgenus corresponds the spinifemur group of species sensu Korneyev (2006), with minor additions to its diagnosis. Four species from the Oriental (and partly Palaearctic), and two from Afrotropical Regions are included: E. formosana (Hennig, 1938), comb. n. (Apyrgota formosana), E. griseipennis (Hendel, 1933), comb. n. (Adapsilia griseipennis) (= Taeniomastix sumatrana Enderlein, 1942, syn. n.), E. pictiventris (Hendel, 1914) (Apyrgota) (= Adapsilia facialis Hendel, 1933, syn. n., = E. tigrina Kim et Han, 2000 syn. n.), E. saegeri (Vanschuytbroeck, 1963); E. spinifemur (Hendel, 1934), and E. unicolor (Hendel, 1914), comb. n. (Apyrgota spinifemur); illustrated diagnoses of the transferred species are given. Keys to subgenera of Eupyrgota and species of the subgenus Taeniomastix are provided.

Pyrgotid Flies assigned to Apyrgota. I. New Species and Synonyms in Eupyrgota (s. str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), with Description of a New Subgenus. Korneyev, V. A. — Eupyrgota scioida Hendel, 1908, the type species of the genus Apyrgota Hendel, 1909, syn. n. is shown to belong in Eupyrgota Coquillett, 1899. Th e diagnoses of the genus Eupyrgota and the subgenus Eupyrgota (s. str.) are reconsidered. E. alienata (Walker, 1861) comb. n., E. brahma (Hendel, 1914), comb. n., E. aequalis (Malloch, 1939), comb. n., E. angustifrons (Bezzi, 1914), comb. n., and E. armipes (Hendel, 1914), comb. n. are transferred into Eupyrgota (s. str.). Th e following synonymy is established: Eupyrgota Coquillett, 1899 = Apyrgota Hendel, 1909, syn. n.; E. alienata (Walker, 1861) = E. scioida Hendel, 1908, syn. n.; and E. brahma (Hendel, 1914) = Adapsilia nocturna Bezzi, 1914, syn. n. E. nyambene V. Korneyev, sp. n. is described based on a single female from Kenya; the new species belongs in the varipennis subgroup, but diff ers from other species by having a slender fore femur (thickened in E. varipennis Curran) and the mid femur with a femoral organ (absent in E. rugosigenis Hendel). A monotypic subgenus Asipyrgota subgen. n. (type species: Adapsilia fl aviseta Malloch, 1929) is established; it shares the presence of the nipple-like processes of the prosternum, a generally robust appearance, and presence of 3 pairs of scutellar setae with members of the subgenus Eupyrgota s. str., diff ering by the absence of paired ventro-apical hooks on the oviscape. Мухи-пирготиды, отнесенные к Apyrgota. I. Новые виды и синонимы в роде Eupyrgota (s. str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), с описанием нового подрода. Корнеев В. А. — Показано, что Eupyrgota scioida Hendel, 1908, типовой вид рода Apyrgota Hendel, 1909 относится к Eupyrgota Coquillett, 1899. Пересмотрены диагнозы рода Eupyrgota и подрода Eupyrgota (s. str.). Виды E. alienata (Walker, 1861) comb. n., E. brahma (Hendel, 1914), comb. n. E. aequalis (Malloch, 1939), comb. n., E. angustifrons (Bezzi, 1914), comb. n., E. armipes (Hendel, 1914), comb. n., перемещены в номинативный подрод рода Eupyrgota. Установлены следующие синонимы: Eupyrgota Coquillett, 1899 = Apyrgota Hendel, 1909, syn. n.; E. alienata (Walker, 1861) = E. scioida Hendel, 1908, syn. n.; E. brahma (Hendel, 1914) = Adapsilia nocturna Bezzi, 1914, syn. n. Описана E. nyambene V. Korneyev, sp. n. по единственной самке из Кении; новый вид относится к подгруппе varipennis, отличаясь от двух других видов узким передним бедром (утолщено у E. varipennis Curran) и средним бедром с развитым феморальным органом (отсутствует у E. rugosigenis Hendel). Установлен монотипный подрод Asipyrgota subgen. n. (типовой вид: Adapsilia fl aviseta Malloch, 1929), он сходен с представителями подрода Eupyrgota s. str. наличием пары пальчатых, или сосцевидных отростков престернума, наличием 3 пар щитковых щетинок и крепким телосложением, отличаясь отсутствием парных вентроапикальних крючков основного членика яйцеклада. Ключевые слова : Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Tephritoidea, Pyrgotidae, Eupyrgota, таксономия, новые таксоны, новые комбинации, сининимия.

The Terellia virens group includes eight species of uniformly greenish flies with white setulose abdomens and hyaline wings, variable in the characters of the male and female terminalia. Three new species are described and illustrated: Terellia freidbergi sp. n. from Middle and Near East, from flower heads of Centaurea behen L., T. ivannikovi V. Korneyev et Evstigneev, sp. n. from European Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, breeding in flower heads of Ce. chartolepis Greuter, and T. whitei V.?Korneyev et Mohamadzade, sp. n. reared from flower heads of Cousinia spp. in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Iran. Illustrated diagnoses or redescriptions of other species and a key to the species of Terellia with hyaline wings and white setulose abdominal tergites are given. Группа Terellia virens включает в себя 8 видов однообразно зеленоватых мух с прозрачными крыльями и беловолосистым брюшком, отличающихся строеним гениталий самцов и самок. Описаны Terellia freidbergi sp. n. со Среднего и Ближнего Востока, выведенная из соцветий Centaurea behen?L., T. ivannikovi V.?Korneyev et Evstigneev, sp. n. из Европейской России, Казахстана и Узбекистана, развивающейся в соцветиях Ce. chartolepis Greuter, и T. whitei V. Korneyev et Mohamadzade, sp. n. связанная с соцветиями Cousinia spp. в Казахстане, Кыргызстане, Туркменистане и Иране. Представлены также иллюстрированные переописания других видов и определительная таблица видов рода Terellia c прозрачными крыльями и беловолосистыми тергитами брюшка.

A parasitic fly Aliasutra australica new genus and species is described, and the subfamily Tachiniscinae is recorded from Australia for the first time. The new species superficially resembles pyrgotid flies by lacking frontal setae and wing pattern, and by having numerous proepisternal setae and brownish yellow body. It possesses a unique structure of female terminalia, which is a synapomorphy of the Tachiniscinae, and the incomplete costal vein, long tubular phallus and elongate spermathecae, which are considered synapomorphies of the tribe Tachiniscini, and is placed in that tribe. KorneyeV, Valery a. 2012. A new genus and species of the subfamily Tachiniscinae (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 64(3): 159–166.

In the tribe Pyrgotini, a monophyletic lineage is considered as the subtribe Adapsiliina Rondani, 1869, revised rank; it includes the genera Adapsilia Waga, 1842, Campylocera Macquart, 1843, Euphya Wulp, 1885, Eupyrgota Coquillett, 1899, Geloemyia Hendel, 1908, Hendelpyrgota Vanschuytbroek 1963, Plectrobrachys Enderlein, 1942, Porpomastix Enderlein, 1942, Pyrgotomyia Hendel, 1934, Siridapha Enderlein, 1942, Trichopeltia Wulp, 1885, and an unnamed and unplaced genus-group taxon (represented by the group of species related to Adapsilia hirtoscutellata Hendel, 1933). Based on having at least two synapomorphies: the incomplete costa not reaching apex of medial vein, and male cerci flattened dorsoventrally, large, slightly longer and wider than epandrium, the broadest concept of the genus Campylocera Macquart, 1843 is proposed. In the Afrotropical Region, it therefore includes also all the species assigned by Steyskal (1980) to the genera Clemaxia Enderlein, 1942, Congopyrgota Aczel, 1958, syn. n., Diasteneura Hendel, 1908, syn. n., Dicrostira Enderlein, 1942, Hexamerinx Enderlein, 1942, Hypotyphla Loew, 1873, syn. n., Hypotyphlina Enderlein, 1942, syn. n., Lygiohypotyphla Enderlein, 1942, and Prohypotyphla Hendel, 1934, syn. n. The other important characters of Campylocera are the low epistome, subocular sclerite well expressed, and femoral organ on female mid femur always lacking. The following synonymy is established: Campylocera ferruginea Macquart, 1843 = Prohypotyphla omissa Hendel, 1934, syn. n.; Campylocera hyalipennis (Aczel, 1958, comb. n.) = Congopyrgota hyalipennis Aczel, 1958 = Congopyrgota kivuensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1963, syn. n. = Congopyrgota ethiopica Steyskal, 1972, syn. n.; Campylocera latigenis Hendel, 1914 = Prohypotyphla obtusicornis Hendel, 1934, syn. n. = Dicrostira partitigena Enderlein, 1942, syn. n.; Campylocera loewi (Hendel, 1908), comb. n. = Hypotyphla loewi Hendel, 1908 = Prohypotyphla (Hypotyphlina) saegeri Aczel, 1958, syn. n.; Campylocera caudata (Hendel, 1914), comb. n. = Hypotyphla caudata Hendel, 1914 = Lygiohypotyphla hyalipennis Vanschuytbroeck, 1963, syn. n. = Lygiohypotyphla ruwenzoriensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1963, syn. n.; Campylocera basilewskyi (Vanschuytbroeck, 1963), comb. n. (= Diasteneura basilewskyi Vanschuytbroeck, 1963), Campylocera laticeps (Hendel, 1908), comb. n. (= Diasteneura laticeps Hendel, 1908), Campylocera obscura (Vanschuytbroeck, 1963), comb. n. (= Diasteneura obscura Vanschuytbroeck, 1963), Campylocera similis (Steyskal, 1963), comb. n. (= Diasteneura similis Steyskal, 1963), Campylocera variceps (Curran, 1928), comb. n. (= Diasteneura variceps Curran, 1928), Campylocera nigripennis (Hendel, 1934) comb. n. (= Prohypotyphla nigripennis Hendel, 1934), Campylocera scalaris (Hendel, 1934) comb. n. (= Prohypotyphla scalaris Hendel, 1934).

Based on the study of type and exhaustive non-type material from many entomological collections, six species of the Afrotropical genus Pyrgotomyia, viz. P. callosa sp. n. (Cameroon), P. terebrans sp. n. (Ivory Coast), P. stuckenbergi sp. n. (Nigeria), P. ciliata Hendel, 1934, P. richteri (Steyskal, 1972) comb. n., and P. temporalis (Enderlein, 1942) comb. n., are described or redescribed, illustrated and keyed. Metropina Enderlein, 1942 (type species Metropina temporalis Enderlein, 1942) is shown to be a junior synonym of Pyrgotomyia Hendel, 1934 (type species Pyrgotomyia ciliata Hendel, 1934). The possibility that P. ciliata, based on a single male holotype specimen, could be a senior synonym of either P. richteri or P. temporalis, each based on female specimens alone, is discussed.

Using a stabilographic technique and spectral analysis of stabilograms, we studied changes in the coordinates of the center of feet pressure (CFP) during upright (orthostatic) standing under conditions of a horizontal position of the support surface (SSH) and static inclinations of the latter by 8.5 deg within the sagittal plane (toes up or toes down with respect to the heels, TU and TD, respectively); a group of 14 volunteers was examined. The tests were carried out with the eyes open and closed (EO and EC, respectively). Forward/backward (Y) and lateral (X) shifts of the CFP were analyzed. Upon both EO and EC, the TU position induced forward shifts of the CFP, while the TD position resulted in backward shifts of the latter with respect to its position under SSH conditions (P

Review of the Genus Geloemyia (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), with Discussion of its Taxonomic Position. Korneyev, V. A. - Species assigned to Geloemyia Hendel, 1908, Trichempodia Malloch, 1930 syn. n., Parageloemyia Hendel, 1933 syn. n., and Dicranostira Enderlein, 1942 syn. n. are shown to be congeneric. Geloemyia is refined to include eight species: Geloemyia cheni Kim, Han & Korneyev, sp. n., Geloemyia cockerelli (Malloch, 1930) comb. n. (= Trichempodia cockerelli Malloch, 1930), Geloemyia dorsocentralis (Hering, 1940) comb. n. (= Adapsilia dorsocentralis Hering, 1940), Geloemyia quadriseta Hendel, 1933, Geloemyia stylata Hendel, 1908, Geloemyia wonjuensis (Kim & Han, 2001) comb. n. (= Parageloemyia wonjuensis Kim & Han, 2001) from Eastern Asia, Geloemyia namibica sp. n., from mainland Africa (Namibia) and Geloemyia trifasciata (Enderlein, 1942) comb. n. (= Trichempodia trifasciata Enderlein, 1942) from Madagascar. Geloemyia nigrofasiata Hendel, 1933 based on a single male is supposed to be a junior synonym of G. quadriseta Hendel, 1933, based on females, but the synonymy is tentative. A key to species is provided. The genus Geloemyia belongs in the tribe Pyrgotini forming (or belonging to) a basal lineage in the subtribe Adapsiliina together with Pyrgotomyia Hendel, 1914 and Porpomastix Enderlein, 1942.

We studied central motor commands, CMCs, coming to the muscles that flex and extend the shoulder and elbow joints in the course of generation of voluntary isometric efforts of different directions by the forearm; the efforts were initiated according to a visual signal. Amplitudes of EMGs recorded from the muscles of the shoulder belt and shoulder and subjected to full-wave rectification and low-frequency filtration were considered correlates of the CMC intensity. An effort of the preset direction was developed within the operational space of the horizontal plane with angles 30 deg in the shoulder joint (external angle with respect to the frontal plane) and 90 deg in the elbow joint. We plotted sector diagrams of the logarithmic coefficient of the intensity increment of EMGs of the above muscles for the entire set of directions of generated efforts with a 15- or 20-deg step. Orientations of the maxima of EMG activity of the given muscles were rather close to the directions of the maxima of the force moments generated by these muscles. In most cases, a shift of the direction by one gradation with respect to the EMG maximum in the respective muscle resulted in a significant decrease in the level of EMG activity. It is shown that preferential activation of the muscles agonistic with respect to the examined direction of the generated effort was, as a rule, accompanied by coactivation of the antagonist muscles. When “two-joint” isometric efforts are formed, realization of the socalled synergic muscle tasks (where prevailing contractions of the muscles of the same functional direction for both joints coincide, i.e., flexion-flexion or extension-extension) is organized in a simpler manner. The programs of “nonsynergic” contractions (flexion of one joint and extension of another one, or vice versa) are more complex. In different subjects, considerably dissimilar patterns of EMG activity in muscles influencing these joints could be observed.

A key is provided to twenty-four western Palaearctic species of Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy. The hosts of twenty-three species which attack Asteraceae are listed, including those being used or investigated as possible weed biocontrol agents. The species are divided into four species groups and the differing host relationships and types of galls induced by these groups are discussed. U.lopholomae sp.n. and U.affinis ssp. calcitrapae ssp.n., associated with Centaurea (Lopholoma) spp. and C. (Calcitrapa) spp. respectively, are described. U. algerica (Hering) and U.sjumorum (Rohdendorf) are both treated as subspecies of U. quadrifasciata (Meigen). U.pontica is given full specific status and U.hispanica is removed from synonymy. The following new synonymies are made (junior synonyms in parentheses): U. angustifascia (Hering) (=Euribia phaeocera Hering); U. cardui (Linnaeus) (=U. reaumurii Robineau-Desvoidy, lectotype designated); U. jaceana (Hering) (=E.conyzae Hering); U.maura (Frauenfeld) (=E. tecta Hering); U. mauritanica Macquart (=U. lejura Rondani, Trypeta macrura Loew); U.solstitialis (Linnaeus) (=E.sonderupi Hering, U. veruata Rondani); U.stylata (Fabricius) (=E.pia Hering, U. vulcaanica Rondani); U. terebrans (Loew) (=E. approximata Hering, T. eriolepidis Loew, E. manni Hendel). The possibility that U. quadrifasciata is a species complex is discussed; it is also suggested that U.affinis and U.jaceana represent the morphological extremes of a complex. The misuse of the name Musca stylata Fabricius in the genus Myopites Blot is noted.