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The consortium of symbiotic strains of lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum MDIIE 2165 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MDIIE 2166, deposited in the All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (IBFM RAS), is the most suitable starter for obtaining a fermented beet juice (FBJ). These innovative probiotic lactobacilli ensure a deep processing of raw materials and allow a specialized food product with high organoleptic characteristics, biological value and adaptogenic properties to be obtained. FBJ can be used as a specialized nutrition product to improve the performance of athletes and people working and living in extreme conditions, as well as to prolong the professional longevity of the population.

Recently thulium has been condensed to Bose-Einstein condensate. Machine learning was used to avoid a detailed study of all obstacles making cooling difficult. This paper analyses the atomic loss mechanism for the 532 nm optical trap, used in the Bose-condensation experiment, and compares it with the alternative and more traditional micron-range optical dipole trap. We also measured the scalar and tensor polarizability of thulium at 1064 nm and was found to be $167\pm 25$ a.u. ($275\pm 41\times {{10}^{-41}}\text{F }\cdot \text{ }{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}$) and $-4\pm 1$ a.u. ($7\pm 2\times {{10}^{-41}}\text{F }\cdot \text{ }{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}$).

In order to solve the demographic problem that has arisen in Russia, comprehensive multilateral approaches are required, aimed at increasing the birth rate and reducing child and adult mortality. One approach to solve this problem is directed regulation of the human microbiome.

The use of a biomodel of the confluent monolayer Caco-2 of enterocytes allowed us to reveal the ability of the S-protein isolated from strain LC2029 to prevent permeability disorders resulting from intestinal infections induced by pathogens (E. coli O157: H7, C. jejuni ATCC 33291, S. enteritidis ATCC 25928). This is important for maintaining the efficiency of the intestinal barrier.

The method of preparation of models of the formation from Turonian clay sandstone necessary for research has been developed. It is shown that to stabilize the swelling of the Turonian rock, at least 7 days of contact of the rock with mineralized water are necessary. To stabilize the filtration properties of the gas and reduce the residual water saturation, it is necessary to filter the gas for 1.3–1.5 days with the total volume of methane pumping at least 6–8 pore volumes (p. v.).

Introduction. The purpose of the presented work was to determine the cause of complaints of passengers dissatisfied with the thermal comfort in electric trains equipped with modern air conditioning systems. In order, this work to be done both practical and theoretical research was carried out in two stages. This work includes the estimation of microclimate parameters in cars and passengers thermal comfort parameters. Material and methods. At the first stage, direct measurements of microclimate on passenger seats were conducted while the train was in operation. Subsequent analysis of the obtained figures indicates the average values of the studied parameters to correspond to their normative values. At the second stage, Fanger calculation method of determining passenger comfort or discomfort was used to analyze passengers’ assessment of various microclimatic situations in electric trains, both in local areas and in the salons of cars as a whole. Using the Fanger method, based on the results of theoretical calculations, a diagram was constructed. It contains curves showing the warmth index of passengers under different combinations of air temperature and velocity. Results. PMV indices were calculated by using the first stage measurements. Afterward, passengers heating comfort area was drawn on the diagram. It was made for each car and the passengers’ complaints were taken into consideration. Conclusion. The diagram analysis of passengers heating comfort area location relatively to zero point shows the percentage of dissatisfied passengers and it helps to explain the reason it occurs.

The application of degassed oil instead of recombined oil model for a slim tube technique was investigated. It is found that the use of degassed oil is not recommended for modeling and studying of gas and oil miscibility under typical conditions of Western Siberia deposits. The previously estimated miscibility of light oil and associated gas was confirmed in case of application of recombined oil model or degassed oil at displacement from a slim tube. This occurs because of a gradual transition from the mode of immiscible displacement to the mode of limited-mixing displacement of oil and further to the mode of complete mixing as a result of the mass exchange of light oil and associated gas.

The methods of extracting viscous oil from oil leg reservoir (oil rims) of the Cenomanian horizon are experimentally investigated (PK layers). It was found that steam contributes to the swelling and dispersion of clay components of the rock, i.e. thermal methods cannot be recommended for use. The effect of oil on the rock properties of PK layers was investigated. It was shown that permeability, wettability and degree of oil displacement by saline water depend on oil saturation, and the rock transition from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity occurs at oil saturation above 75%. Alkaline flooding and the use of non-ionic surfactants are not effective for enhancing the recovery of PK layers. For oil displacement, it is recommended to apply a water-gas mixture or sequentially inject solvent and water (or water-gas mixture).

Under the conditions of the low-permeable Tyumen Formation, associated petroleum gas (APG) and intrastratal air transformation product are similar in oil-displacing properties. A new approach to the development of oil reserves of the Tyumen and Bazhenov Formations is proposed. It lies in the fact that, when solid organic matter of the Bazhenov Formation dispersed in the rock mass is oxidized, air; rather than oil, should be transformed into an inert gaseous agent. At the same time, artificial fractures will be formed if the rock of the Bazhenov Formation is heated unevenly.

Recent studies demonstrated anomalous temperature shifts for some Fano-Feshbach resonances of thulium atoms. These anomalies were explained by the variation in light intensity in the optical dipole trap, which accompanied changes in temperature. In addition, a temperature-related transformation of the statistics of the inter-resonance spacing was demonstrated [Aikawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 210401 (2012)]. Here, we analyze the shifts of isolated $s$- and $d$-type Fano-Feshbach resonances of ultracold thulium atoms with temperature for a fixed depth of an optical dipole trap. The measurements are consistent with the three-body recombination-based theory of the temperature-related resonance shift and enable the extraction of the resonance parameters, particularly the magnetic moments of closed channel states. This parameter and the known polarizability of the open channel enable us to separate the contributions of the temperature and Stark shift to the overall shift of the resonances and show the dominant role of the Stark effect in the overall shift.

Recently, the transformation from random to chaotic behavior in the statistics of Fano&ndash, Feshbach resonances was observed in thulium atoms with rising ensemble temperature. We performed random matrix theory simulations of such spectra and analyzed the resulting statistics in an attempt to understand the mechanism of the transformation. Our simulations show that, when evaluated in terms of the Brody parameter, resonance statistics do not change or change insignificantly when higher temperature resonances are appended to the statistics. In the experiments evaluated, temperature was changed simultaneously with optical dipole trap depth. Thus, simulations included the Stark shift based on the known polarizability of the free atoms and assuming their polarizability remains the same in the bound state. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that, while including the Stark shift does lead to minor statistical changes, it does not change the resonance statistics and, therefore, is not responsible for the experimentally observed statistic transformation. This observation suggests that either our assumption regarding the polarizability of Feshbach molecules is poor or that an additional mechanism changes the statistics and leads to more chaotic statistical behavior.

Recently, the thulium atom was cooled down to the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature, thus opening a pathway to quantum simulation with this atom. However, successful simulations require instruments to control and readout states of the atom as well as the ability to control the interaction between either different species or different states of the same type of species. In this paper, we provide an experimental demonstration of high-fidelity (over 93%) manipulation of the ground state magnetic sublevels of thulium, which utilizes a simple and efficient design of a microwave (MW) antenna. The coherence time and dephasing rate of the energetically highest hyperfine level of the ground state were also examined.

Mixtures of magnesium chloride and MeOH were studied as mixed thermodynamic inhibitors of hydrate formation. The equilibrium P,T-conditions for methane hydrate decomposition in the presence of binary solutions H2O—MeOH and H2O—MgCl2 and ternary solutions H2O—MeOH—MgCl2 were determined using an isochoric method in a stirred autoclave. Measurements were made at pressures of 3.5-9.5 MPa; MeOH concentrations, 0-25 mass%. The salt content in the aqueous solutions was constant at 5 mass%. The results showed that mixed samples containing MeOH and MgCl2 gave the largest thermodynamic shifts of hydrate formation as compared to samples with MeOH at the same inhibitor mass fraction. The larger thermodynamic shift was related to synergism between the affects of MgCl2 and MeOH in the aqueous solution.

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is a powerful tool for a wide range of research activities, a large fraction of which is related to quantum simulations. Various problems may benefit from different atomic species, but cooling down novel species interesting for quantum simulations to BEC temperatures requires a substantial amount of optimization and is usually considered to be a difficult experimental task. In this work, we implemented the Bayesian machine learning technique to optimize the evaporative cooling of thulium atoms and achieved BEC in an optical dipole trap operating near 532 nm. The developed approach could be used to cool down other novel atomic species to quantum degeneracy without additional studies of their properties.

Magnetic fields are one of the main tools for controlling the interaction of ultracold atoms using the so-called Feshbach resonances. However, the accurate knowledge of magnetic fields within the high-vacuum chamber is significantly complicated due to the inexact knowledge of the setup geometry, the presence of magnetic parts, and other. In this paper, we demonstrate precision calibration of magnetic fields in the high-vacuum setup using microwave spectroscopy of the ground state of ultracold thulium atoms.

A new method for preventing gas breakthroughs to producing well bottom during oil recovery from oil-gas condensate deposits, which enhances the efficiency of gas recovery technologies, is proposed. The method consists in use of hydrophobic gas shutting compositions based on furnace (residual fuel) oil. Filtration studies (physical modeling) of the gas shutting process were conducted for the proposed compositions. The gas breakthrough was simulated using permeable bulk porous media or permeable cores of productive bed of the reservoir.

It is shown that associated petroleum gas (APG) and the product of intrastratal transformation of air (by high-pressure air injection technology) are suitable for oil displacement from low-permeability, high-temperature light oil reservoirs. It was found that APG and air are effective gaseous agents miscible with oil, which are similar in oil-displacing properties. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) determination data are presented for an Upper Jurassic oil-APG system. The miscibility in the oil-APG system was achieved by the multicontact mechanism of interaction between oil and enriched gas. A new method is proposed for graphical determination of MMP as a function of gas breakthrough due to pressure, and a method for enhancing gas impact efficiency and for achieving miscibility at a pressure below the MMP, which consists in injection of a liquefied gas prefringe or a wide fraction of hydrocarbons, is validated.

Use of a combination of multistage hydrofracking and high-pressure air injection is proposed for developing low-permeability oil deposits of the Tyumen Suite (Upper Jurassic). An effective inert gaseous agent is formed during intrastratal transformation of the air due to oxidation of the oil. The oil autooxidation mechanism is studied. A weak dependence of the oxidation rate on the oil properties is observed.

Current researches related to natural gas hydrate mainly focus on its physical and chemical properties, as well as the approaches to the production (decomposition) of hydrate. Physical modeling of the flow process in hydrate deposits is critical to the study on the exploitation or decomposition of hydrate. However, investigation of the dynamic hydrate process by virtue of porous media like sand-packed tubes which are widely used in petroleum production research is rarely reported in literature. In this paper, physical simulation of methane hydrate generation process was conducted using river sand-packed tubes in the core displacement apparatus. During the simulation, the influences of parameters such as reservoir temperature, methane pressure and reservoir model properties on the process of hydrate generation were investigated. The following results are revealed. First, the use of ice-melted water as the immobile water in the reservoir model can significantly enhance the rate of methane hydrate generation. Second, the process driving force in porous media (i.e., extents to which the experimental pressure or temperature deviating those corresponding to the hydrate phase equilibrium) plays a key role in the generation of methane hydrate. Third, the induction period of methane hydrate generation almost does not change with temperature or pressure when the methane pressure is above 1.4 folds of the hydrate phase equilibrium pressure or the laboratory temperature is lower than the phase equilibrium temperature by 3 °C or more. Fourth, the parameters such as permeability, water saturation and wettability don't have much influence on the generation of methane hydrate.

Here, we report on the observation of a random to chaotic temperature transformation in the statistics of nearest-neighbor spacings of Fano-Feshbach resonances in the ultracold polarized gas of thulium-169 atoms. We associate this transformation to the appearance of so-called $d$ resonances as well as the shift of other resonances with the temperature. In addition to this statistical change, it has been observed that the characters of $s$- and $d$-resonance temperature shifts are quite different: $s$ resonances experience almost no shift or even negative shift with the temperature, while $d$ resonances experience an obvious positive shift. The sign change was attributed to the difference in polarizability of Feshbach molecules and free thulium atoms. In addition, careful analysis of the broad Fano-Feshbach resonances enabled the determination of the sign of thulium's background scattering length. A rethermalization experiment made it possible to estimate a length value of ${a}_{\mathrm{bg}}=+144\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}38\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.$ This indicates that thulium atoms are suitable for achieving Bose-Einstein condensation.

Dipolar atoms have unique properties, making them interesting for laser cooling and quantum simulations. But, due to relatively large orbital momentum in the ground state these atoms may have large dynamic tensor and vector polarizabilities in the ground state. This enables the formation of spin-dependent optical traps. In this paper the real part of tensor and vector dynamic polarizability was experimentally measured and compared to a theoretical simulation. For an optical dipole trap operating around 532.07 nm, tensor polarizability was found to be $\ensuremath{-}145\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}53\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.$ and vector polarizability was $680\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}240\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.$ The measurements were compared with simulations, which were done based on the known set of levels from a thulium atom. The simulations are in good agreement with experimental results. In addition, losses of atoms from the dipole trap were measured for different trap configurations and compared to the calculated imaginary part of vector and tensor polarizabilities.

Minimization of internal degrees of freedom is an important step in the cooling of atomic species to degeneracy temperature. Here, we report on the loading of 6*10^5 thulium atoms optically polarized at maximum possible magnetic quantum number mf=-4 state into dipole trap operating at 532 nm. The purity of polarizations of the atoms was experimentally verified using a Stern-Gerlach-type experiment. Experimental measured polarization of the state is 3.91(26).

Experimental studies of the developmental characteristics of the adaptation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system (HHAS) to the actions of heterotypical stressors in the context of stress-associated behavioral reactions were studied. Sprague–Dawley rats aged three (young), six (adult), and 12 (aged) months (total number of animals = 36) were exposed to changing stressors for seven days, after which their behavioral reactions were assessed. Histological changes in the hypothalamus, hypophysis, and adrenals were studied and compared with age-matched controls, and immunochemical reactions to corticoliberin (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), ED1, PCNA, and caspase-3 were performed, with subsequent image analysis. In aged animals, as compared with young and adult animals, the levels of activation of the components of the HHAS provided evidence of dissociation in its central component and blockade of the adaptive desensitization typical of young and adult animals. In particular, aged animals showed a high level of CRF expression in the hypothalamus in stress, with a relatively low level of ACTH expression in the adenohypophysis and a high level of adrenal activity. Decreases in HHAS plasticity in aged rats as compared with other age groups corresponded to behavioral changes seen in these animals, demonstrating decreases in the ability of aged animals to adapt to chronic exposure to unpredictably changing stressors.

Regulation of the transformation ratio maintains a standard level of transformer substation voltages within power distribution networks. At the same time, the problem of power loss minimization within the rated period taking into account an appropriate selection of automatic regulator's transformation ratio is solved. The paper proposes an algorithm for power loss minimization under average load conditions of network operation. The equivalent T-shaped network design is used. Voltage level of transformer substations is controlled by calculating the maximum and minimum load limits. A distinctive feature of the algorithm is maintaining an optimal power loss in view of network process limitations.

Ground fault current theoretical and computer studies were performed in distribution networks 10 kV. A ground fault current calculation programme was developed. The initial data for the progamme is provided in Excel tables. Cable line connection, grade, section and length are specified. The programme algorithm implements the calculation of cable network capacity and ground fault current using classical formulas. The calculation of ground currents is possible for four electrical networks connected to different bus sections of a single feeding center. The calculation of ground fault currents for the specified networks has shown significant excess of values defined in Electrical Installation Regulations. A guaranteed compensation of ground fault currents is necessary to preserve the cable lines service life. Modern control devices shall be used for qualitative compensation of fault currents. Ground fault current actual compensation control devices and methods shall be developed. It is required to develop an automatic or automated system for damaged line identification aimed to decrease ground fault duration up to several minutes.

Natural gas hydrate (NGH), as a clean energy, has a great development potential in the future for its immense reserves. The CO2 replacement method has dual effects in energy exploitation and greenhouse gas (GHG) sequestration, but its CH4 replacement rate is too low. When an inhibitor is added, CH4 hydrate and CO2 hydrate are different in terms of their thermodynamic stability. In this regard, a new method was proposed and experimentally proved for NGH production. This new method combines CO2 replacement method with thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor technology to accelerate the decomposition of CH4 hydrate. Three common thermodynamic CH4 hydrate inhibitors (i.e. methanol, sodium chloride and magnesium chloride) in two categories were compared by means of core displacement experiments. It is shown that, when methanol solution is used as the inhibitor, the decomposition rate of CH4 hydrate reaches 0.01194 mol/h, which is much higher than that of electrolyte solution (0.00086 mol/h and 0.00141 mol/h respectively). Therefore, methanol solution is used to accelerate hydrate decomposition. The decomposition ratio of CH4 hydrate was over 92% when methanol solution plug was injected at the early stage and CO2 was continuously injected at the late stage. Moreover, CO2 was sequestrated in the form of hydrate. Eventually, the generated CO2 hydrate accounted for 16–27% of the initial total CH4 hydrate.

The genes of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Ag85A secreted antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were cloned in Escherichia coli. Fusion proteins Esat6-CBD, Ag85A-CBD and CFP10-CBD with thermostable cellulose binding domain (CBD) of Anaerocellum thermophilum providing high affinity to cellulose were constructed. Content of the fused proteins in overproducing strains was 20% of total protein for CFP10-CBD and 15% for both Esat6-CBD and Ag85A-CBD. Immobilization of the fusion proteins on cellulose is a one-stage process that provides simultaneous antigen purification and absorption on cellulose. The proteins retain their antigenic properties and can be used as the components for subunit tuberculosis vaccine production or in diagnostic kits.

There is an error in the article metadata on SpringerLink, the first author's name is incorrect. It should read P. A. Gushchin.

Aerodynamic problems arising during design and development of braking systems for re-entry vehicles are analyzed. Aerodynamic phenomena and laws valid in a supersonic flow around a pair of bodies having different shapes are studied. Results of this research can be used in solving application problems (arrangement and optimization of experiments; design and development of various braking systems for re-entry vehicles moving with supersonic speeds in the atmosphere).

Series of functionalized pyridinium alkyl[poly(oxyethylene)] phosphites, isoquinolinium alkyl[poly(oxyethylene)] phosphites, pyridinium aryl[poly(oxyethylene)] phosphites, and isoquinolinium aryl[poly(oxyethylene)] phosphites were obtained and their properties were studied systematically. Some of them were found to be effective corrosion inhibitors in aqueous CO2-and H2S-containing media. Isoquinolinium dodecyl-and dodecylphenyl[dodeca(oxyethylene)] phosphites proved to be the best inhibitors. The isoquinolinium aryl[poly(oxyethylene)] phosphites obtained were used to create a new corrosion inhibitor.

The aerodynamic characteristics of cone-sphere models are studied at Mach numbers M = 6, 8.4, and 12 to 13 over a wide Reynolds number range. Models of a braking device (sphere) were connected with a load (frustum of a cone) by means of shrouds. The dependences of the aerodynamic coefficients C x and C y on the angle of attack α were obtained for different relative dimensions of the load and the braking device, shroud lengths, and Mach and Reynolds numbers. The effect of the above-mentioned parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics of the models is analyzed. The C x (ReD) dependences of load-parachutemodels in a symmetric flow are determined over the wide Mach and Reynolds number ranges 6 ≤ M ≤ 13 and 3 · 103 ≤ ReD ≤ 3 · 106.

The flowfield and the aerodynamic drag of a model consisting of a pair of bodies (leading body a cylinder and trailing body a hollow cylinder) connected by a cylindrical bar along the axis of symmetry is experimentally investigated at Mach numbers ranging from 0.6 to 1.7. In the course of the experiments, the trailing body cavity depth and the connecting bar length were varied.

Protective effects of aryloxycarbonylmethylisoquinolinium chlorides on the iron surface were studied. The best results were obtained with decylphenoxycarbonylmethylisoquinolinium chloride (DPCMIQC) containing the alkyl C10 in the aryl fragment. This salt was used as an active component in an SNPKh-type corrosion inhibitor. Experimental data for this inhibitor were compared with the results obtained in bench and commercial field tests in West Siberia and the Ural-Volga region.