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The article presents the results of liver transplantation in five HIV-infected recipients with irreversible liver damage. It is shown that four of them survived in the long-term period and are observed in a stable condition, and the only death in the recipient was not related to the HIV infection. The experience in the treatment of these patients was summarized. Analysis of the first results of liver transplantation in HIV-infection in Russia shows its validity and clinical efficacy. The only lethal case is connected with the initial extremely grave condition of the recipient and his age. Two cases of surgical traumatism, lack of consistent vaccination in the preoperative period, as well as lack of patients with hepatocellular cancer, small number of observations are obvious drawbacks of our first experience and should be corrected in the future. The success of a complex and multidisciplinary program of organ transplantation in HIV infection is impossible without participation of HIV-infectionists in the transplantation team.

Introduction. Integration of multimedia results of diagnostic examinations into the information model of diagnostic and treatment process makes it possible to teach medical decision-making taking into account all available information about the patient.Aim. The purpose of this work was to use multimedia results of instrumental examination methods to form and verify the level of effective diagnostic decision-making.Material and Methods. A significant array of multimedia information arising in the course of treatment and diagnostic process was derived from databases of diagnostic units and was important for medical decision-making. The model was supplemented with clinically and demographically relevant studies of other patients when necessary. The multimedia components were integrated into the virtual simulations with two different trajectories of information presentation to the trainees depending on the purpose of further use.Results. At the first stage of the project, the multimedia components were integrated into linear models of completed cases to demonstrate medical decisions to the trainees. The multimedia components were presented as the fragments of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, echocardiography and vascular ultrasound recordings, scanned electrocardiograms (ECG), angiography results, X-ray images, tomograms, and results of other visualization methods of patient examination. Each multimedia file was accompanied by a textual conclusion made by a relevant specialist. At the second stage, the multimedia components were integrated into the models with a branched trajectory of information presentation. The course of disease and the patient’s condition could change depending on the decisions made, which means that there are alternative scenarios of the therapeutic and diagnostic process unlike the real invariant treatment of the patient. This possibility is especially important for the formation of medical decision-making competencies in safe conditions of simulation. To elaborate clinical diagnostic tasks, the authors developed a rating system quantifying the effectiveness of the decisions.Discussion. Building physician competencies in the educational process through repeated decision-making under changing conditions is crucially important for the health and lives of patients and can be effectively implemented using simulation technologies. Web access to this content is strategically important for the use of virtual patients with multimedia diagnostic results to practice decision-making skills in clinical disciplines.

Implementation of virtual patients allows avoiding risks for patient safety, using the standardized clinical situations repeatedly, and providing remote access to information. In order to create virtual patients, the project team comprised of specialists competent in the diverse subject areas. Every virtual patient is a structural model for a diagnostic and treatment process of a real patient augmented with textual and multimedia information. A sample comprising of 50 archival clinical charts of patients with typical cardiovascular diseases and rare pathology variants was formed. Textual information from medical records is supplemented with the multimedia results of instrumental and laboratory studies. Created data and knowledge base of virtual patients was designated for a demonstration of complete cardiovascular cases to the trainees in linear trajectory with an option of Web-access. The virtual patient repository will become a factual basis for problem-based distance learning of medical students and physicians.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of an enzyme complex to diets of different nutritional value on the performance of broiler chickens. The article deals with the effect of feed additives on changes in weight gain, hematological and slaughter rates of broiler chickens. In this study, three groups of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 breed (10 animals each) were treated and received different concentrations of enzyme-enriched feed. During the period of cultivation, following the generally accepted norms and methods of poultry feeding, it was found that the use of feed biocatalyst full-enzyme feed with activators in feeding broiler chickens at the rate of 250 g/t and 500 g/t increases the live weight at the end of cultivation by 4,52% and 9,4%. In this case, the average daily growth over the growing period increased by 4.76% and 9.52%. There is an increase in the mass of carcass by 6.19% and 12.38%.According to the results of the control slaughter, no significant influence of the studied factor on the mass of internal organs was established.The studies did not reveal any adverse effects on the major hematological parameters that were within the physiological norm. The results of the study should be used for growing broiler chickens to increase live weight gain and increase feed conversion. The enzyme preparation «PKB Plus» can be used in feed mixtures which have cereals in their composition such as wheat, soybeans, corn, triticale, etc., for broiler chickens with low levels of nutrients and energy for accelerating the metabolism of birds, inhibition of pathogenic and pathogenic which adversely affects the development of broiler chickens.

There are sufficiently long periods during the operation of steel structures, for which the structures do not experience the effects of external static and / or dynamic loads, except for their own gravity. A decrease in the level of the structure stress-strain state will promote relaxation processes in the substructure of the structural material. Сhanges in the substructure of 09G2S pipe steel were studied using laboratory samples. The samples were subjected to cyclic deformation in 2009 and then laid out for long-term storage. Multiple X-ray photographs of long time placed samples indicate a significant relaxation of stresses with a prolonged absence of a force field affecting the structural steel substructure. It was revealed that the experimentally determined values by the method of full width at half-maximum broadening of the diffraction lines profiles, measured in 2009 immediately after cyclic deformation of three groups of laboratory samples of low-alloy pipe steel at three different cycle stresses amplitude close to yielding, significantly decrease after holding for a long storage time in an unstressed state. It has been shown that the long-term storage of samples subjected to cyclic loading with the cycle stresses amplitude not exceeding the yield strength of structural pipe steel promotes the stress-strain state relaxation.

Aim. To develop an information basis for the formation and implementation of multimedia models for the diagnosis and treatment of depersonalized cases of cardiovascular diseases (virtual patients). Material and methods. The materials of the study were completed case histories and multimedia results of investigation of fifty patients who underwent hospital treatment. After an expert assessment of the completed clinical case, it was posted on the server. To provide remote access to content, web development technologies were used. Results. An information model of the medical process in text and multimedia formats has been formed. The virtual patient interface has been implemented in the form of marks appearing as new patient information is received, affecting the decision making. The structure of text and multimedia information on marks of various types is given. The implemented version of virtual patient technology provides web access to the demonstration of depersonalized medical process. Conclusion. During the project progress, a repository of virtual patients is created as a multimedia model for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular pathology provided by web access. The repository will be used to enhance the diagnostic and treatment competencies of doctors through the demonstration and detailed analysis of completed disease cases. Virtual patients can become methodological basis for postgraduate education of doctors in the continuing medical education system.

This study, based on artifacts from high-ranking kurgans of the northern Black Sea region (700–300 BC), addresses the little-studied bear motif in Scythian culture and its relevance for the ancient inhabitants of this region and of the adjacent territories. It is a wide-held view that the image of the brown bear had been borrowed from the Ananyino culture of the Kama. Variation of this motif is described and its chronology is assessed. Two principal iconographic versions are known in Scythian art—the animal is shown either en face, in the so-called sacrifi cial posture, or drinking (in profi le, with a bowed head). Such representations occur most often on gold-plated ritual bowls and ornaments of the horse harness. Both the chronology and the distribution range of these artifacts disagree with the idea that the bear motif was a loan from forest cultures. Rather, it appears to be inherently Scythian, having originated around 700 BC together with other images of the animal style. Apparently, some form of the bear cult was practiced by the Scythian elite.

Introduction. The article presents data on the development and implementation of a method for measuring the moisture content of bulk material during its pneumatic transport in pharmaceutical production. The method of measuring moisture is theoretically based on the physical Pockels effect. An analysis of the currently existing pharmacopoeial methods for monitoring the quantitative water content and methods of in-process control of the drying process is presented. The development of new methods and technical means that provide the necessary speed and accuracy of moisture measurement is an important task, especially in the pharmaceutical industry to control the residual moisture of the starting materials, intermediate products during their production and finished products.Text. Analysis of the theoretical assumptions for the method and technical systems for measuring the mass of bulk dielectric materials during their pneumatic conveying shows the ability to measure the moisture content of the bulk dielectric material transported by air through a pipeline in a new non-contact manner. The proposed method is based on one measurable parameter – the intensity of the light wave passing through the Pockels cell. A block diagram of the system developed by the authors for automated moisture measurement of bulk dielectric materials with an electrooptical Poсkels cell is presented. The article describes a method for measuring moisture, based on the Pockels effect, for bulk material during its pneumatic transport.Conclusion. The proposed method of measuring moisture is contactless, just technically feasible, has a high speed and measurement accuracy, since it is based on the Pockels effect. The method is universal for determining the moisture content of bulk dielectric materials in the process of their pneumatic transportation. The above advantages of this method suggest the possibility of its successful application in pharmaceutical production.

The current state of waste waste chemical power sources and methods for their disposal are considered.The results of research on the reagent hydrochemical processing of waste sulfuric acid lead-tin batteries (SOA) that may be of interest to the electrical and metallurgical industries are presented.The method of processing is based on a different ratio of lead, tin and their compounds to acids, alkalis and complexation.The stages and chemistry of the processing of the processed SOA are considered.A block diagram and an instrumental-technological scheme for the processing of the SOA, as well as a technological scheme for the recovery of the plastic case of the SOA were developed and proposed.The developed method for processing SOA is simple, inexpensive, affordable, does not require sophisticated equipment, is characterized by the absence of waste, is environmentally safe for working personnel and the environment, energy-efficient and does not require high temperatures. At the same time, the residual content of lead, tin and their compounds does not exceed environmental standards.The proposed method of disposal of spent SOA allows you to return for the second time in the production sphere components of SOA in the form of commercial products: lead and tin – for the electrical industry, lead and tin compounds – for the production of chemical current sources, plastics (polypropylene) – for the chemical and electrical industries, demineralized water – for technical purposes., Рассмотрено современное состояние отходов отработанных химических источников тока и способы их утилизации. Приведены результаты исследований по реагентной гидрохимической переработке отработанных сернокислотных свинцово-оловянных аккумуляторов (СОА), которые могут представить интерес для электротехнической и металлурги-ческой промышленности.Способ переработки основан на различном отношении свинца, олова и их сое-динений к кислотам, щелочам и комплексообразованию.Рассмотрены этапы и химизм процесса переработки отработанных СОА.Разработана и предложена блок-схема и аппаратурно-технологическая схема технологии переработки СОА, а также технологическая схема рекуперации пластмассового корпуса СОА.Разработанный способ переработки СОА является простым, недорогим, доступным, не требует сложного оборудования, характеризуется отсутствием отходов, экологически безопасным для работающего персонала и окружающей среды, энерго-ресурсосберегающим и не требует высоких температур. При этом остаточное содержание свинца, олова и их соединений не превышает экологических стандартов.Предложенный способ утилизации отработанных СОА позволяет вернуть вторично в сферу производства компоненты СОА в виде товарных продуктов: свинец и олово – для электротехнической промышленности, соединения свинца и олова – для производства химических источников тока, пластмассу (полипропилен) – для химической и электротехнической промышленности, обессоленную воду – для технических целей., Розглянуто сучасний стан відходів відпрацьованих хімічних джерел струму та способи їх утилізації. Наведено результати досліджень з реагентної гідрохімічної переробки відпрацьованих сірчанокислотних свинцево-олов’яних акумуляторів (СОА), які можуть становити інтерес для електротехнічної та металургійної промисловості.Спосіб переробки засновано на різному відношенні свинцю, олова і їх з’єднань до кислот, лугів і комплексоутворенню.Розглянуто етапи і хімізм процесу переробки відпрацьованих СОА. Розроблено та запропоновано блок-схему і апаратурно-технологічну схему технології переробки СОА, а також технологічну схему рекуперації пластмасового корпусу СОА.Розроблений спосіб переробки СОА є простим, недорогим, доступним, не вимагає складного обладнання, характеризується відсутністю відходів, екологічно безпечним для працюючого персоналу і навколишнього середовища, енерго- ресурсозберігаючим і не вимагає високих температур. При цьому залишковий вміст свинцю, олова та їх з’єднань не перевищує екологічних стандартів.Запропонований спосіб утилізації відпрацьованих СОА дозволяє повернути вдруге в сферу виробництва їх компоненти у вигляді товарних продуктів: свинець і олово – для електротехнічної промисловості, сполуки свинцю та олова – для виробництва хімічних джерел струму, пластмасу (поліпропілен) – для хімічної та електротехнічної промисловості, знесолену воду –для технічних цілей.

The city ofKamianskebelongs to one of the industrial regions ofUkraine. The whole soil is contaminated with metal compounds, cement dust and chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to use the bacterial drug «Albobacterin» for the agricultural needs ofUkrainefor the enrichment of soils with nutrients, especially phosphorus compounds.«Albobacterin» – biopreparation is used for the bacteritisation of spring and winter rape seeds in order to improve phosphorus nutrition of plants, protection against phytopathogenic fungi and increase productivity.The nature of the biological action of the drug. The mechanism of action of the drug is related to the property of the bacteria Achromobacteralbum1122 to produce organic acids and enzyme phosphatase, which provides the dissolution of hard-soluble mineral and organic phosphates of the soil, resulting in plants in the process of their development receive additional nutrition with phosphorus from the soil reserves, as well as produce plant growth regulators and vitamins Group B. A.album.1122 bacteria are resistant to a number of pesticides that are used in rape growing technologies.Thus, for the cultivation of «Alborbacterin» rape, the fertilizer is 7% more efficient. For cultivation of pepper «Albobacterin» more efficient mineral fertilizers by 46%. According to the results of qualitative soil indicators in Kamianske, low efficiency of their self-healing is determined, which directly influences the yield of agricultural crops. Based on experimental data, it is necessary to use an additional source of biogenic elements contained in the recommended types of fertilizers.

As a result of microbiological research of the soil, it was determined that the soils contain the impoverished diversity of the microflora - this leads to a decrease in the yield of crops. Most often the soil is polluted by compounds of metals and organic substances, oils, tar, pesticides, explosive and toxic substances, radioactive, biologically active combustible materials, asbestos and other harmful products. The source of these compounds is most often industrial or household waste, buried in certain places, or unauthorized dumps. According to the results of the study, the soils of Kamensky have quite high phosphorus content, which speaks about man-made pollution of the territory and the inappropriateness of the use of phosphate fertilizers, as confirmed by its own research in the practice of using Superphosphate during the cultivation of rape and pepper. Determination of the total number of bacteria has shown that the total number of bacteria indicates that the soil is mostly clean. It can also be evaluated as a little enriched on microorganisms, which suggests a lack of self-healing processes and a low degree of assimilation and conversion of inorganic to organic nitrogen. The definition of the total number was calculated and the percentage of soil bacillus was calculated. The total number and percentage of soil bacilli does not exceed the norm, therefore the soil belongs to the pure. The advantage of «Albocetherin» over «Superphosphate» and the necessity of preliminary analysis of soils on the content of phosphates was confirmed. In order not to reduce the intensity of growth of culture – it would be necessary to refuse the use of superphosphate, which is proved by experiments. The efficiency of cultivating pepper in comparison with mineral fertilizers and «Albobetherin» was increased by 53%.

There are presented a method for measuring the amount of pneumatic transported bulk material in particulate production. The method is based on the Pockels’ effect. The block diagram of the automated system for measuring the flow of bulk dielectric materials with an electro-optic Pockels cell is developed by the authors. The measuring system has a sufficiently high accuracy and speed, which is relevant for continuous flow monitoring in the technological process and quality assurance of pharmaceutical products.

One of the sources of pollution that leads to deterioration of the quality of surface water, drinking water and the environment are sewage. Physico-chemical methods of research have established the poor quality of wastewater treatment at the Kamyanskyi treatment facilities for such indices as ammonium nitride, nitride, nitrate, petroleum products, iron and suspended matter. In the course of the research, it was found that the low quality of wastewater treatment from biogenic elements and suspended matter is associated with secondary contamination, which is due to the decomposition of the bioactivities of the walls of the structures and the increase in the number of filamentous bacteria, low dose of active sludge and overload. The purification technology consists of the following steps: mechanical cleaning (rake, gratings, primary settling tanks), biochemical purification (aerotanks and secondary sedimentation ponds), disinfection of waste water in contact pods with chlorine. To solve the problem, an improved scheme of biochemical wastewater treatment with the use of biosorbent (active sludge) and bioflocculant was proposed. In the developed scheme of wastewater treatment, it is suggested that the clarified waste water from the primary tanks be sent to the preaperatore to be cleaned, in which the waste sludge with a dose of1.0 g/ l is directed, which serves as a biosorbent. A laboratory plant for biological wastewater treatment (aerotank, secondary sedimentation tank) was developed on which the effectiveness of simultaneous application of a biosorbent and a biofloral agent during the preliminary purification process was tested. Thanks to the proposed technology, bioaccumulation of iron has been increased by 3 times, and the efficiency of purification by physico-chemical parameters has been improved by 30%. Also, the effectiveness of bioaccumulative action of inactivated sludge in relation to heavy metals such as: iron, cadmium, manganese, copper, cobalt and zinc has been proved.

In view of the development of new technologies for the production of hydrocarbon fuels from shale rocks, increasing attention in the oil and gas industry is given to the problems of drilling slant and horizontal wells. The specific character of the processes of drilling such wells is that they are strongly acted upon by the forces of contact and frictional interaction between the drill string surface and the borehole wall, which arise in such cases. This paper formulates a problem of the bifurcation buckling and small bending vibrations of a rotating drill string lying in a horizontal wellbore. With allowance for friction forces and additional constraints, differential equations have been derived, for which solutions of eigenvalue problems of free vibrations of drill strings of finite and unlimited length have been constructed.

The use of a drum chute instead of the regular chute is proposed in coke sorting prior to classification. A method of calculating the optimal drum dimensions is outlined. The drum’s inclination is plotted as a function of the required number of drum rotations to which the coke is subjected. A simplified method is considered for determining the number of drum rotations to which the coke must be subjected in order to meet specified quality requirements.

The problem of determining the critical states and the postbuckling deformation of drill strings in the cavities of curvilinear boreholes is posed. The process of elastic bending of the drill string is associated with the motion of its axial line along the corresponding channel surface. On the basis of the theory of flexible curvilinear rods, a specially chosen moving system of axes is used to construct nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the contact interaction between the drill string tube and the borehole wall. Themoving reference system allows us to separate the desired variables and decrease the order of the resolving equations. As an example, we solve the problem of stability of drill strings lying at the bottom of a cylindrical cavity in a rectilinear inclined borehole. The critical values of the axial forces are determined and the buckling modes are constructed. It is also shown that they have the form of edge effects typical of singularly perturbed equations. The developedmethods can be used in design of a curvilinear borehole and its possible driving conditions to determine the admissible values of the axial force and the torque at the point of the drill string suspension so as to prevent its bifurcation buckling.

The problem of the self-excitation of the torsional oscillations of a drillstring rotating in a fluid in a deep borehole is stated. Three models describing the mechanical interaction between the drillstring and the viscous fluid are discussed. Governing equations with ordinary and partial derivatives are derived. A method to solve them is developed. Computer simulation shows that the self-oscillations are relaxational and the curves of the functions that describe them have sections of fast and slow motions. The results of simulation can be used to develop a technique for drilling deep oil and gas boreholes

The authors have investigated the layer-by-layer development of damage of 10G2S1 plate steel during cold plastic deformation by cyclic bending. Deformation cyclic bending was performed according to the scheme of pure bending at symmetric cycle with amplitude of deformation of 5.5 %. The character of changes of the strength properties of steel shows the kinetics of damage in the process of plastic deformation. It was established that in the area of reversible damage the intensity of hardening increases, reaching a maximum value and then decreases. In the area of reversible damage the mechanical properties of steel doesn’t change until destruction. Criterion upper bound of damage is at (0,2 – 0,3)Nр , where Nр is the number of cycles to failure under cyclic tension – compression. The transformation process of the cellular dislocation structure in the passband is selected as a structural criterion of reversible damage.

The paper presents research into the strength of hydrated cement based on borogypsum. Studies have shown that replacing natural gypsum with boric acid production waste does improve the compressive and flexural strength of hydrated cement. The prospects of multi-ton gypsum-containing waste recycling through its application in the building sector to produce cement with increased strength are shown.

Aim. To assess the results of treatment in patients with deep postoperative complications after median sternotomy. Methods. The study included 33 patients: 25 males and 8 females (mean age 58.63±6.29 and 60.3±12.9 years, respectively). X-ray, helical computed tomography of the chest, sternum and anterior mediastinum ultrasound, echocardiography, pulmonary function test, bacteriology, clinical and laboratory tests were used to assess pre- and post-operative conditions of the patients. Fistulography and sternum scintigraphy with 99mTc-technetril were performed if necessary. Complications included anterior mediastinitis, sternal osteomyelitis, sternal diastasis, chest bones instability and sternal fragmentation. Some patients also developed superficial wound infection together with internal complications. The first stage of treatment included secondary surgical debridement, metal suture osteosynthesis, surgical sternal reconstruction by titanium nickelide plexiform tubulous implant and VRAM flap thoracomyoplasty. Results. Secondary surgical debridement was performed as the first stage of treatment in 51.51% patients (n=17) including 29.4% patients who were operated for the second time. Metal suture osteosynthesis as step 1 surgery was performed in 33.3% of patients (n=11); 54.5% of patients (n=6) were re-operated. Metal suture or clamp osteosynthesis did not lead to the sternal reconstruction in 80% of cases. Chest surgical reconstruction by titanium nickelide implants as step 1 surgery was performed in 12.12% of patients (n=4) resulting in chest stabilization, sternal diastasis elimination, and correction of sterno-mediastinitis. VRAM flap thoracomyoplasty was performed in 1 patient. Conclusions. The step-wise approach surgery was preferable (step 1 - secondary surgical debridement and antibiotics, step 2 - surgical sternal reconstruction). Sternal reconstruction by titanium nickelide implants is indicated for treating patients without severe sternal fragmentation and offers good early results.