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Development of rolling stock, increase in the speed of transportation, load-bearing capacity of highways and their length requires constant improvement of the production technology for railway rails. Modern rail-beam mills have in their composition a continuously reversible group of stands, which includes universal stands. Rolling of rail profiles in universal calibers is radically different from rolling in two-roll calibers, and at the moment is not well studied, both theoretically and practically. The article defines the conditions for feasibility of the rolling process in universal calibers with a pair of non-drive rolls, taking into account the values of active (reserve friction forces) acting from the drive rolls and reactive forces from the non-drive rolls and roller fittings. The energy balance method solves the problem of determining the back-up force required for deformation in non-drive rolls. When solving the equation of equilibrium of forces in the deformation center formed by the drive rolls, the reserve of friction forces is defined, the magnitude of which largely determines the possibility of the rolling process. Theoretical dependences are obtained for estimating the power balance during rolling in universal calibers of modern rail-beam mills, taking into account the reserve of friction forces provided by the drive rolls and the support required for deformation in non-drive rolls. Information about the force conditions in a universal caliber is necessary to analyze the feasibility of the rolling process in it under various deformation modes and to clarify the drawing coefficients for elements of the resulting profile. Dependencies are proposed that allow estimating the consumption of the reserve of friction forces for the operation of roller fittings serviced by universal caliber. The well-known formula of A.I. Tselikov and A. I. Grishkov on the definition of broadening was clarified in relation to rolling in universal calibers with two non-drive rolls. The support from the non-drive rolls side effects the change in size of sole and head of the rail profiles.

This paper presents an experimental study of broadband mid-IR amplification that is carried out, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in an erbium-doped tungsten tellurite fiber. A simple, robust supercontinuum source based on a tapered germanate fiber is developed as a seed input in the region of 1.5-3 µm. We show that gain by a factor of 5 on one pass can be achieved in the 2.7 µm range by pumping a low-cost, high-efficiency diode laser at 976 nm using high-purity tellurite glass fibers.

Dependence of plastic deformation resistance of chromiumalloyed rail steels on the thermomechanical parameters of deformation (degree, speed, and temperature of deformation) and chemical composition of the steels under consideration was obtained by hot mechanical tests for torsion and compression. According to the obtained data, an increase in rate and a decrease in deformation temperature cause an increase in resistance to plastic deformation. Effect of relative deformation on resistance to plastic deformation is nonlinear with an expressed maximum at deformation degree of the order of 0.25. Analysis of influence of chemical composition of 76KhF, 76KhSF and 90KhAF rail steels and their resistance to plastic deformation was carried out using methods of multiple regression analysis. It has shown that increasing of content of carbon, manganese, vanadium, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus in the actual range of changes in their concentration leads to an increase in their plastic deformation resistance. Mechanism of this effect was revealed. Approximation of the obtained data allowed us to determine interval of changes in deformation resistance when chemical composition varies within the actual range of changes in elements content. Value of specified interval was up to 19 % of the absolute value of deformation resistance. When varying content of chemical elements in the interval specified in state standard for production of railway rails, value of deformation resistance interval was up to 30 %. Checking adequacy of the obtained dependences was performed by oscillographing the stands drives engines of rail mill of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” when rolling billets of different chemical composition. This checking made it possible to confirm the revealed patterns.

Марков О. Е., Злыгорев В. Н., Иванова Ю. О., Лагер А. О., Дорофеев В. А. Совершенствование технологии изготовления крупных поковок на основе применения нового способа осадки. Обработка материалов давлением. 2020. № 1 (50). С. 91-97. В работе исследован способ осадки крупных слитков. Предложенный способ заключается в осадке четырехлучевых профилированных слитков. В работе предложена методика проведения исследований методом конечных элементов. Методика предполагала установление закономерностей заковывания внутренних пустот слитка. Угол граней четырехлучевых заготовок принимался постоянным и составлял 150°. В качестве варьируемого параметра использовалась относительная глубина граней четырехлучевой заготовки, которая изменялась в интервале 15%…25%. На основе конечно-элементного моделирования были установлены: интенсивности деформаций, напряжений и температур в меридиональном сечении после осадки четырехлучевых заготовок. Величина сжимающих напряжений определялся на основании показателя жесткости напряженного состояния. Результаты конечно-элементного моделирования проверялись экспериментальными исследованиями. Была разработана соответствующая методика проведения этих исследований, которая реализовывалась на моделях из свинца и стали. Кроме этого производилась апробация полученных результатов на натурных стальных поковках. Теоретическое исследование позволило установить распределение параметров напряжений и деформаций в объёме поковки при осадке четырехлучевых заготовок. Конечно-элементное исследование позволило установить, что рациональная высота граней должна составлять 15 % от диаметра заготовки. При такой высоте граней происходит максимальное заковывание внутреннего отверстия. Полученные результаты объясняются показателем напряженного состояния, который показывает наличие сжимающих напряжений вследствие подпора вогнутых граней. Кроме того, определена рациональная степень осадки для максимального заковывания внутренних дефектов. Результаты конечно-элементного моделирования были подтверждены экспериментами в лабораторных и производственных условиях. В результате исследований, выполненных в работе, было установлено, что осадка четырехлучевых заготовок повышает качество крупногабаритных деталей.

Introduction. The state of health and the level of physical development of modern youth is updated as the steady balance of environmental factors is disturbed. Issues of ecology and human survival are included in the line of priority world problems. The purpose of the study was a comparative study of the somatotypological features of boys and girls from different radioecological places of residence. Material and methods. The study involved 396 young men and 320 girls from radioecologically disadvantaged regions (REDR) of the Bryansk region and 970 young men and 962 girls from radio-ecologically safe regions, the age of cases varied from 17 to 22 years. There were determined following main somatometric indices: length and body weight, chest circumference (CC). There was calculated a Pignet index (PI), characterizing the strong-built and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). Information was processed using the Statistika 6.0 application package. Results. According to the results of the work, the somatotypological features of the organism largely were shown to depend on the living conditions in which the genetic program of the individual’s development was installed. The calculated data showed the total dose of radiation during their stay in radioecologically to contaminate areas in the range from 35.7 mSv to 43.52 mSv. Low doses of radiation along with socio-economic factors influence the growth and development of the organism, which is manifested by a change in the number of boys and girls with “extreme” variants of somatotypes. In REDR the number of asthenics and hypersthenics increased by 2 times a decrease by 2 correspondingly. Boys have an increase in body weight, a decrease in CC, and presented short stature. Regardless of the somatotype, the index of body strength and BMI decreases. In girls, the number of asthenics increased by 1.4 times and the number of hypersthenics decreased by 1.5 times. The disharmony of development is manifested in an increase in body length with a decrease in CC. The weight varies in different directions. Body strength and BMI are reduced unidirectionally. In general, the dynamics of indices of physical development in girls indicates a more pronounced resistance of the female body to the effects of low doses of radiation. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that small doses of radiation along with other social and economic factors influence the level of metabolic processes in the growing organism of young men and women, which is accompanied by changes in the morphological characteristics that underlie the somatotypological features.

We presented the results of scientific and practical investigations of the technology of rolling of asymmetric rail sections, namely, of point and wing rails, performed on a universal rail and structural steel mill. The detected disadvantages are described according to the initial calibration and the causes of formation of the surface defects in the course of rolling of these profiles are established. The results of the performed analysis made it possible to develop calibrations for the analyzed asymmetric rail sections with evaluation of the stressed state of the metal in the course of rolling.

—The influence of the rolling temperature and speed on the plasticity and deformability within continuous-cast billet of E76KhF and E76KhSF alloy rail steels is studied experimentally. The results indicate a complex dependence of the plasticity of E76KhF steel on the deformation temperature. In particular, for the surface layers of continuous-cast billet, the plasticity declines markedly in the range 1025–1075°C. That is not the case for the central region of the billet. The results for E76KhF steel indicate that the absolute plasticity declines considerably on moving away from the surface. This may be attributed to the larger grains in the steel and the higher concentration of nonmetallic impurities in the central zone, as confirmed by metallographic data. In particular, the mean grain size at the center of the deformed continuous-cast billet is 1.3–2.1 times greater than in the surface layer. The central zone is characterized by high concentrations of nondeforming silicate inclusions Al2O3 ⋅ SiO2, FeO ⋅ SiO2, and MnO ⋅ SiO2, which greatly impair the billet plasticity. Such inclusions are absent from the surface zone of the billet. With increase in deformation temperature of E76KhSF rail steel, the resistance to plastic deformation declines exponentially. The absolute resistance to deformation declines on moving away from the billet surface, once again on account of the larger grains in the steel and the higher concentration of nonmetallic impurities in the central zone. Decrease in the resistance to deformation from the surface layers to the center of the billet is observed at any strain rate. However, the absolute resistance to deformation increases considerably with increase in the strain rate from 1 to 10 s–1. Mathematical analysis of the experimental data yields regression equations that may be used in practice to predict the plastic and deformational properties of E76KhF and E76KhSF alloy rail steels, in specified rolling conditions. Those equations provide the basis for the development of new billet-heating conditions in rolling and new systems for rail rolling. Their validity is confirmed by industrial trials of new production conditions for rails on the universal rail and beam mill at AO EVRAZ ZSMK.

Artificial Intelligence is no longer just the topic of discussion. Today this technology is mostly based on Artificial Neural Networks. Pavlov Principle formulated by W.L. Dunin-Barkowski is used for their training. Mathematics compared Pavlov's doctrine with Deep Reinforcement Learning. AI technologies are divided into Computer Vision, images recognition and generation; Speech Recognition and Synthesis; Natural Language Processing; Graph Logic AI, MIVAR logic technology. All of this separately is Narrow AI. Artificial General Intelligence, equal to human, hasn’t been created yet. AGI should include all mentioned technologies. Given social and linguistic nature of the intelligence emergence, developers are paying attention to NLP algorithms and multi-agent environment. Simultaneously with the development of neural networks, adversary attacks emerged, which using the same learning mechanism force a trained neural network to make mistakes. This fact calls in question the future of neural networks in medicine. Big Data and data sets are the environment for AI. European experts have already begun to regulate Big Data for safe Health Care and drugs creation. Despite the difficulties and lack of clear rules, AI is actively being introduced into the private medicine. Due to AI the three new business models have already been created.

Herein, we present a simulation of the dynamics of Black Sea ecosystems using a three-dimensional interdisciplinary model that assimilates satellite color scanner measurements. Calculations were performed for the fifteen years from 1998 and a set of 3-d biogeochemical fields of the Black Sea were generated on a regular grid with a discreteness time of 1 day. Analyses of core biogeochemical parameters of the marine ecosystem were then performed. The qualities of received fields were evaluated using comparisons with existing data from in situ measurements.

The results of simulation of Black Sea ecosystem dynamics with the use of a three-dimensional interdisciplinary model are given. An important feature of the simulation is the assimilation of measurement data of satellite color scanners. The calculations were made for fifteen years starting from 1998. The result was a set of three-dimensional biogeochemical fields of the Black Sea on a regular grid with a time step of 1 day. The major biogeochemical parameters of the marine ecosystem were analyzed. The quality of the obtained fields was evaluated by comparison with the available data of in-situ measurements.

The condition for the appearance of additional dynamic forces in the presence of gaps in the journal bearings of the jaw crusher is determined. The design of the backlash eliminator equipped with pneumatics is described. It was experimentally established that the use of pneumatic devices for backlash elimination in the interfaces of the moving links, using journal bearings, during the operation of the jaw crusher, reduce the magnitude of accelerations and, therefore, increase the reliability of the crusher as a whole.

In this article the reduction of a $n$-dimensional space to a $k$-dimensional space is considered as a reduction of $N^n$ states to $N^k$ states, where $N$ stands for the number of single-particle states per unit of spatial length. It turns out, this space reduction could be understood as another definition of inflation. It is shown that the introduction of the non-associativity of the algebra of physical fields in a homogeneous space leads to a nonlinear equation, the solutions of which can be considered as two-stage inflation. Using the example of reduction $T\times R^7$ to $T\times R^3$, it is shown that there is a continuous cross-linking of the Friedmann and inflationary stages of algebraic inflation at times $10^{-15}$ with the number of baryons $10^{80}$ in the Universe. In this paper, we construct a new gravitational constant based on a nonassociative octonion algebra., 16 page.International Conference on Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics (RUSGRAV-17) 29 june - 2 july

Population process in dynamic development ongoing in Murmansk Region (located beyond the Arctic Circle on the territory of the European part of the Russian Federation Arctic zone in the period 2001-2015 has been characterized in the paper. Major features of natural population movement (fertility, mortality) including labor potential have been esteemed. A major loss of labor potential was due to population decline (22,4 %), despite positive increase in 1.38 times of the total fertility rate and life expectancy among men up to 64,0 years, women - 75,7 years. It is shown that mortality increase was registered in the region among males of working age from disease that could be connected not only with Arctic climate and geographic conditions but also with labor conditions on industrial complex production of Kola Arctic Circle. The rate of diseases of respiratory and circulatory systems as well as malignant neoplasms increased in monotowns in Murmansk Region. 93 % of population is urban, which is a source of labor for city forming enterprise. Proportion of people working in harmful exposure in the industrial complex enterprises was: men- 68,0 %, women - 36,8 %, including enterprises engaged in the extraction of commercial minerals: men - 78,7, women - 50,0 %.

The model of two types of ambivalence of student’s confidence in the teacher is presented - positive and negative. Integration of psychological parameter ("psychological health" of the subject of the trust) determined by features of a ratio of trust/mistrust and a formalized (construct of the measurement of ambivalence) determined by method of measurement and statistical technology of the analysis of data is the basis for differentiation. In longitudinal analysis and taking into account the contradictoriness of the trust object as the determinant of ambivalence, an empirical verification of the validity of the model was carried out on the sample of students (N = 78) and teachers (N = 4). The statistically significant prevalence of students with a negative ambivalence of confidence in a controversial (liberal) style compared to a consecutive (authoritarian) one is established. A decrease (statistically reliable in the liberal style) of the proportion of such students as the time of interaction with teachers has been increased. The empirical results are interpreted substantively.

The extensive reconstruction of rail production at AO EVRAZ ZSMK in 2012 permitted the production of rails meeting global standards. While around 80% of the rails produced by AO EVRAZ ZSMK are purchased by OAO RZhD, the plan is to expand exports. Experience in producing rails to foreign standards is reported, and the prospects for exports in the near future are discussed.

In the presented review of the current literature a lot of information about differente diagnostic approaches for patients management with a syndrome of noncardiac chest pain were system- atized and generalized.These patients have a diverse set of disease that requires the physician applying a wide range of ad- ditional surveys. In General, doctors need to exclude heart disease in patients who were treated with chest pain. If chest pain is noncardiac, then empirical treatment for gastro-intestinal reasons and the cor- responding assessment of psychogenic causes of chest pain are important for the symptomatology of pa- tients. In particular, primary care physicians should consider - besides the cardiac causes as a possible causes of thoracalgia - possible mental disorders, impaired motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract, problems with the thoracic spine - as a possible causes of thoracalgia. It would be beter to find out the rea- sons of thoracalgia with all available diagnostic tools and then - choose and assign appropriate adequate etiotropic therapy for most effectively cupping the patient's symptoms and reducing health care costs.

The design of an orientation mechanism with linear drives is considered. The matrix method is used for kinematic determination of the displacements and speeds in linear drives that ensure specified motion of the output element around a fixed point, with three, two, and one degrees of freedom. On that basis, the forces of the drives are determined for specified torques at the output element.

Results are given for a study of the structure and mechanical properties of manganese powder steels prepared by hot forging of porous workpieces in the presence of a liquid phase. The presence of a liquid phase during hot recompaction reduces energy expended in deformation and also the probability of manganese oxidation and sublimation that facilitates an improvement in steel strength and ductility properties.

The Black Sea dynamics for two decades (1993–2012) is analyzed. The study is carried out in numerical simulation with the use of a circulation model and assimilation of satellite measurements of free surface elevations and sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). The Black Sea circulation model has a spatial resolution of 4.8 km and 35 vertical levels, which thicken toward the surface. Arrays of ERA-Interim data are used for simulating the atmospheric forcing. A set of 3D arrays of the Black Sea hydrophysical fields is calculated on a regular grid with a time resolution of 24 h. The results are analyzed and compared with available contact measurements of temperature and salinity. This comparison shows a quite good quality of the resulted hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the pollution of the Upper Pliocene terrigenous aquifer in the south-estern part of the Voronezh city by synthetic surfactants under the influence of former filtration fields in 1992–2015. The areas of groundwater pollution were revealed, the condition of the Upper Pliocene terrigenous aquifer was assessed. In 2015, the areas of groundwater pollution were: 3.0 km2 for extremely dangerous pollution; 1.9 km2 for highly dangerous pollution; 0.9 km2 for dangerous pollution; 1.9 km2 for moderately dangerous pollution. According to the results of the performed study, the features of groundwater pollution by synthetic surfactants were revealed, and a number of measures was proposed to acquire more objective ecological and hydrogeochemical data and to improve the groundwater condition (expanding the groundwater monitoring network; technical decisions aimed at the containment and sanation of the pollution focus; preventive measures).

Objective: To assess the work-related health risk and to determine the attributable fraction due to exposure to the occupational hazards as well as the total burden of related diseases and its temporal trends in non-ferrous metallurgy located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Methods: The results of mandatory medical examinations of 5006 workers engaged in the pyrometallurgic and electrolytic departments of nickel and copper have been analyzed. The disability adjusted life years lost, (DALY) due to diseases having a stable and statistically significant relationship with occupational hazards has been determined. Results: 53 % of the total number of employees are occupationally exposed to nickel and copper compounds, including 50.9 % those exposed to unacceptable nickel air concentrations, 9.2 % to copper air concentrations and 19.9 % to dust of mixed composition. At the same time, the relative risk of the occupational diseases turned out to be the most significant among workers employed in the nickel-electroplating department (NED) - 6.78, and the lowest was in workers employed in copper department. The prevalence rate of work-related diseases at NED had been declining by 27.8 % from 2006 to 2015, in the pyro-refining department - by 26.8 %, and among workers who have periodic exposure to these metals - by 24.1 %. Conclusion. The most exposed groups are workers employed in the pyro-refining and nickel-electroplating departments. The use of a risk-based approach to the development of the health preventive measures allowed achieving a significant reduction in the incidence rate of work-related diseases, including that in NED workers by 2.1 times, among workers of pyrometallurgical refining by 17.8 %, including among males - by 5.0 % in men, and by 2 times in female workers.

A complex of the new electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL-2) for the VES setup is described. It is composed of 1592 “shashlik” type counters consisting of a set of lead−scintillator plates, high-voltage supplies based on cascade voltage multipliers for FEU-84 photomultiplier tubes, an LED-based monitoring system, a slow control system, and a pulse-height analysis system. The procedures of ECAL-2 calibration and online monitoring are described.

Partial wave analysis of the π–A π+π–π– system produced by 29 GeV/cπ– beam on a beryllium target is presented. About 30 × 106 |events in the wide t′|range 0–0.8 GeV2/c 2 are collected with upgraded VES setup. The size of the data sample is 2.5 times larger than one previously analyzed by VES. Data are analyzed using formalism of the density matrix with unlimited rank. We discuss status of the a 1(1420) a 2(1700) a 3(1875) states and a structure of exotic ρ(770)π P-wave with J PC = 1-+. Parameters of a 3(1875) are estimated as M = 1985 ± 20 MeV/c 2, Γ = 200 ± 50 MeV/c 2 (preliminary).

Based on the set of experimental studies for chromium rail steels of grades E76KhF, E76KhSF and E90KhAF, the basic laws governing the influence of hot rolling temperature on ductility and the regularities of temperature and strain rate influence in the temperature range of hot rolling on plastic deformation resistance are determined and scientifically substantiated. It was shown that for E76KhF steel at deformation temperatures of 1050 °C, a sharp decrease in ductility occurs due to the presence of cementite-type carbides (Fe, Mn, Cr)3C at the grain boundaries. For rail steels with a lower chromium content, the indicated ductility drop is not observed. It was established that an increase in the deformation temperature of rail steel E76KhSF causes a decrease in deformation resistance, and an increase in the strain rate significantly reduces this indicator. Also the fact that the deformation resistance decreases with distance from the surface to the central zone of continuously cast billets is established, which is due to an increase in grain size. Based on the obtained data, a new mode of rail rolling was developed in the conditions of the rail and beam workshop of EVRAZ ZSMK JSC, the introduction of which allowed the quality of the rails to be significantly improved as well as the technical and economic indicators of their production with an economic effect of approximately 120 million rubles/year.

Regular observations in the Black Sea basin started in the past century, and quite good multidisciplinary observing system operated in the 70–80ies based on the ship observations. Modern oceanographic observing system in the basin is built according to the GOOS principles. It includes space remote sensing observations, data of free floating buoys and costal observational network. Integration of the observing system and its real-time operation were started within the framework of the FP5 ARENA project and later were improved during the FP6 ASCABOS project. The coastal observing system which includes time series from the coastal platforms and multidisciplinary surveys of the coastal areas fulfilled by the research vessels was set up during the ECOOP. Paper describes all components of the Black Sea observing system operated during the ECOOP project and its applications in the framework of the project.

Unlike a method of finite elements the method of complex analytical functions (МCAF) considered in article allows to divide computing procedures on two parts. The first part does not contain the description of the form of boundary elements and is calculated analytically. The second part includes the description of borders of area and is calculated numerically. In machine elements the first part has the greatest influence on accuracy of stress calculation, because МCAF method allows to carry out exact calculations. Results of calculations in the form of the graphs convenient for calculations of gears are presented.

Fatigue test results are provided for hot-deformed powder steels with microadditions of Na, Ca, and Al. Microalloying promotes improvement of joining between particles and makes fatigue crack development difficult in its stable consolidation stage, and also during accelerated failure, which provides an improvement in fatigue strength properties compared with reference specimens.