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The objective of the study is to show the significant impact of taking into account the actual values of residual stresses on the strength and resource of safe operation of nuclear power facilities. Generally accepted approaches of strength physics and fracture mechanics were used to determine strength and service life. The degree of influence of residual stresses on the strength and service life of pipeline elements in the case of a cyclically acting load, under static load, when there is a danger of brittle fracture, and in the case of corrosion is investigated. The objects of the study were pipelines of nuclear power plants. It is noted that the current state of science and technology has made it possible to create a technique for non-destructive testing of mechanical stresses acting in metal structures based on the use of the acoustoelasticity method. Currently, on the basis of this method, a method for measuring residual welding and installation stresses in pipelines has been developed and certified for use in the field of atomic energy use. The measurement technique provides for the determination of membrane and bending stresses in annular sections located on rectilinear sections of pipelines. The values of stresses in the structural elements of pipelines and residual welding stresses in the deposited metal of welded joints are determined using ratios based on the use of the balancing principle. The relevance of introducing into the procedure for monitoring the technical condition of pipelines and equipment of nuclear power plants the procedure for determining the actual level of residual stresses, which significantly increases the reliability of the assessment of their strength and service life, is shown. It is proved that in order to implement the procedure for determining the actual level of residual stresses, it is necessary to use a non-destructive testing system for residual welding and installation stresses using the acoustoelasticity method based on a measurement technique that allows determining the actual values of residual stresses with established error characteristics.

Geophysical observations of the structure of glacial-permafrost rock formations (hereinafter referred to as GPRF), common in the Central Altai in the valleys of the Chuya, Dzhelo, Elangash and Akkol rivers, were carried out by way of electrical resistivity tomography using the multi-electrode electro-prospecting station “Skala-48”. The main objective of the research was to identify the features of the internal structure of GPRF basing on the data of electrical sounding and aerial photography. The application of the geophysical method made it possible to localize rock-ice cores within the GPRF. Analysis of the geoelectrical crosssections allowed finding that the rock-ice cores were characterized by high values of specific electrical resistance (SER) – from 10 to 100 kOhm × m and more. The depths of occurrence of rock-ice material on the geoelectrical sections varied from 2 to 10 m, on the average. Using the data of the aerial photography carried out above the studied areas, three-dimensional geoelectric models and maps of the distribution of SER were built for different depths. When analyzing the three-dimensional model of the GPRF, it is clearly noticeable that the features of the nature of the SER distribution reflects the inhomogeneous distribution of ice within the rock-ice core of the GPRF. As a result of our studies performed by the method of electrical tomography and interpretation of a three-dimensional geoelectric model, it was estimated that thicknesses of the rock-ice material varied from 7 to 32 m, thawing niches were revealed and localized, and the potential volume of the rock-ice core was determined. Thus, the above mentioned geophysical and geomorphological studies in that the features of the internal structure of GPRF in key areas have been established. For each GPRF, the thicknesses, resistivity, and depth of occurrence of rock-ice cores were determined, and the dependence of the morphological structure of the GPRF surface on internal structure of them was analyzed. A preliminary assessment of water reserves in individual GPRF had also been made.

Aim. To evaluate the left ventricular longitudinal strain in patients with arrhythmia and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD).Material and methods. This cross-sectional comparative study included young patients with arrhythmia and UCTD (43 men and 84 women; mean age, 30,82±8,17 years (group 1, n=127)). The control group included volunteers with single phenotypic characteristics of UCTD, comparable in age and sex (9 men and 21 women, mean age, 34,13±6,87 years (group 2, n=30)). A standard clinical examination, 72-hour electrocardiographic monitoring, and speckle-tracking echocardiography were performed.Results. Patients of group 1 were characterized by lower global systolic longitudinal myocardial strain compared to the control group: -22,96% [-24,56%;-21,50%] in group 1 vs -24,73% [-25,25%; -23,84%] in group 2 (p=0,016). A local decrease in longitudinal myocardial strain (in two or more segments) was noted in 62,2% of patients in group 1 and 13,3% of patients in group 2 (p=0,025). In group 1, a relationship was revealed between class I premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and a longitudinal strain decrease in the medial anterior (r1=0,253, p=0,004) and apical anterior (r1=0,253, p=0,004) segments, as well as between class V PVCs and strain decrease in the basal lower (r1=0,215, p=0,021) and middle anterior (r1=0,211, p=0,023) segments. In addition, there was a moderate correlation between mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and a decrease in longitudinal systolic strain in the basal inferolateral (r1=0,405, p=0,041) and basal anterior (r1=0,519, p=0,003) segments.Conclusion. Local decrease in left ventricular longitudinal systolic strain in association with arrhythmia and MVP in patients with UCTD makes it possible to recommend speckle-tracking echocardiography for early non-invasive assessment of myocardial remodeling in this cohort of patients.

Aim. To study the relationship between the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and myocardial abnormalities in patients with cardiac arrhythmias due to undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD).Material and methods. This cross-sectional comparative study included young and middle-aged patients with arrhythmias due to UCTD: group 1 (18-44 years old, n=127), group 3 (45-59 years old, n=10). The control groups (n=30, group 2; n=8, group 4) included volunteers with single phenotypic signs of UCTD, comparable in age and sex. A standard clinical examination, 72-hour electrocardiographic monitoring, Speckletracking echocardiography, and NT-proBNP level assessment were performed.Results. In patients of groups 1 and 3, a significant increase in the concentration of NT-proBNP was noted compared to the control groups. At the same time, the average NT-proBNP level in the study groups did not exceed the reference values. Significant correlations were revealed between NT-proBNP and heart rate (r1=0,462, p=0,010; r3=0,397, p=0,034), UCTD diagnostic cut-off level (r1=0,496, p=0,001; r3=0,401, p=0,043), the presence of mitral valve prolapse (r1=0,469, p=0,002) and mitral regurgitation (r1=0,53, p=0,008), premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) of class III (r1=0,582, p=0,045), IVa (r1= 0,39, p=0,042) and V (r1=0,397, p=0,037); cardiac index (r1=-0,329, p=0,037) and ejection fraction (r1=-0,407, p=0,044). However, no significant correlation was found between the left ventricular global longitudinal strain and NT-proBNP level.Conclusion. The study demonstrated the association of NT-proBNP level with UCTD diagnostic cut-off level, mitral valve prolapse, mitral regurgitation, and PVCs, which makes possible the use of this biomarker as an additional diagnostic criterion for myocardial changes in against the background of UCTD.

In order to assess the features of hypertension-mediated heart damage in young adults with hypertension and connective tissue dysplasia (СTD), an echocardiographic examination of 574 people aged 18 to 29 years was performed. It was revealed that young adults with hypertension and CTD have lower levels of the interventricular septum and left ventricle walls thickness, left ventricle mass and its indexes than in hypertensive patients without CTD, and these parameters do not reach the generally recognized upper limit of the norm. This leads to systematic underdiagnosis of hypertension-mediated heart damage, incorrect assessment of the stage of hypertension, and inadequate management for these patients.

Assessment of left-ventricular geometry in slightly pronounced variants of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) was done, in order to define a fine dividing line between unconditioned norm and first signs of pathology. Morphometric parameters of left ventricle in young persons with CTD were analyzed in compliance with modern echocardiographic concepts.The study is based on data obtained from the examination of 214 patients with CTD from 18 to 29 years old (average age 20 (19; 22) years; 49.5% of men) and 100 healthy peers without signs of CTD (average age 20 (19; 21) years; 51.9% of men).It is known that the asthenic type of physique with a narrow, conical shape of the chest often with a funnel-shaped or keel-like deformation, scoliosis, hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis of the thoracic spine, «straight back» syndrome predisposes to changes in the heart and large vessels in accordance with the structural features of the spine , sternum, ribs and diaphragm. At the same time, the heart undergoes dynamics from a truly small (asthenic variant) to a thoracodiaphragmatic pulmonary heart (pseudoconstrictive, pseudodilation and false-stenotic variants), from the state of adaptation to the stage of decompensation.It is indicated that when solving expert questions in adolescents and young people with CTD, a clinical interpretation of the results of a standard echocardiographic study by cardiologists and general practitioners should be carried out, paying attention not only to the development of the fibrous skeleton and associated valve and subvalvular structures, interstitial tissue disorders symmetries with the development of asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy, intraventricular and intraatrial developmental abnormalities («extra» chords, etc.), but it is necessary to take into account the constitutional features of patients and the geometric pattern of the left ventricle, which is very important in terms of prognosis.

The Salair fold-nappe terrane (a.k.a. Salair orogen, Salair) is the northwestern part of the Altai-Sayan folded area of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. It is composed of Cambrian – Early Ordovician volcanic rocks and island-arc sedimentary deposits. In plan, Salair is a horseshoe-shaped structure with the northeast-facing convex side, which is formed by the outcrops of the Early Paleozoic folded basement. Its inner part is the Khmelev basin composed of Upper Devonian – Lower Carboniferous sandstones and siltstones. The Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks and sediments of Salair are overthrusted onto the Devonian-Permian sediments of the Kuznetsk basin. The Paleozoic thrusts, that were reactivated at the neotectonic stage, are observed in the modern relief as tectonic steps. Our study of the Salair deep structure was based on the data from two profiles of magnetotelluric sounding. These 175-km and 125-km long profiles go across the strike of the Salair structure and the western part of the Kuznetsk basin. Profile 1 detects a subhorizontal zone of increased conductivity (100–500 Ohm·m) at the depths of 8–15 km. At the eastern part of Profile 1, this zone gently continues upward, towards a shallow conducting zone that corresponds to the sediments of the Kuznetsk basin. Two high-resistance bodies (1000–7000 Ohm⋅m) are detected at the depths of 0–6 km in the middle of the section. They are separated by a subvertical conducting zone corresponding to the Kinterep thrust. The main features are the subhorizontal positions and the flattened forms of crustal conductivity anomalies. At the central part of Profile 2, there is a high-resistance block (above 150000 Ohm⋅m) over the entire depth range of the section, from the surface to the depths of about 20 km. In the eastern part of Profile 2, a shallow zone of increased conductivity corresponds to the sediments of the Kuznetsk basin. The subhorizontal mid-crust layer of increased conductivity, which is detected in the Salair crust, is typical of intracontinental orogens. The distribution pattern of electrical conductivity anomalies confirms the Salair thrust onto the Kuznetsk basin. The northern part of the Khmelev basin is characterized by high resistivity, which can be explained by abundant covered Late Permian granite massifs in that part of the Khmelev basin. The Kinterep thrust located in the northeastern part of the Khmelev basin is manifested in the deep geoelectric crust structure as a conducting zone, which can be considered as an evidence of the activity of this fault.

Many minerals have semiconductor properties. It is known that petroleum reservoir rocks permeated with hydrocarbon fluids can sometimes behave as semiconductors. In the Earth’s magnetic field, the electrical conductivity of such materials becomes anisotropic, and the Hall effect is quite possible in rocks in natural conditions and detectable by magnetotelluric sounding. In the anisotropic medium, the field is subject to normal mode splitting, and its components show different attenuation coefficients and phase velocities. The modes differ due to polarization and rotation of the field vectors (clockwise in one mode, and counterclockwise in another). With account of the Hall effect, responses of the medium can be different when the medium is excited by a single normal wave. To detect the Hall effect in MTS surveys, we use the polarization analysis method and select the spectra of modes with right and left circular polarization. Special experiments were carried out to detect the contribution of the Hall effect during the MTS surveys. This article presents the first estimates of the Hall conductivity for the studied rocks.

The article analyzes literature data on the diagnostics of diastolic function condition in young patients with signs of connective tissue dysplasia. The problem of diagnostics of pre-clinical left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction was discussed, as well as possible influence of peculiarities of connective-tissue cardiac frame in patients with connective tissue dysplasia on functional condition of auricles and left-ventricular diastolic function.

The comparison of the variability of left ventricular mass (LVM) calculated from echocardiography, conventional and signalaveraged ECG and evaluation the effectiveness of these methods in the detection of the LVM changes during antihypertensive therapy were performed. It was found that the reproducibility of the signal-averaged ECG method of LVM calculation is significantly higher than the conventional one and echocardiography. The use of this method in clinical practice can provide reliability of individualized assessment of LVM changes on single examination and during follow-up. The use of signal-averaged ECG may reduce groups size or the study duration to achieve statistically significant difference in studies with ECG control.

Background. Set the values of surface tension and dilatational viscoelasticity: 1) serum and plasma in patients operated on for the heart under cardiopulmonary bypass, in the peri-and intraoperative periods; 2) blood serum during cardiopulmonary bypass. Materials and methods. In 70 patients with ischemic heart disease, the average age 62,1±0,9, operated on under cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary heart disease and acquired valvular heart disease, the prospective study of surface tension and dilatation viscoelasticity of blood serum and plasma was performed. There were used the methods of drop and bubble form (Tensiometers PAT-1 and РАТ-2P SINTERFACE Technologies, Berlin, Germany).The blood for research was sampled an hour before operation, in the 5th minute of cardiopulmonary bypass, after 12 hours (1-st day) and in 7 days after operation. The rheological active markers (glucose, protein, albumen, urea and creatinine) were choose from routine biochemical parameters to evaluate. Results. On the 1st day after surgery, there was a statistically significant increase in glucose, urea and creatinine levels and a statistically significant decrease in total protein and albumin. Against this background, the nature of the changes in surface tension and viscoelastic modulus indicated a significant increase in serum surfactants. By the 7th day of the postoperative period, positive dynamics of the studied biochemical parameters was noted. Of the rheological indicators, an increase in the module at a frequency of 0.01 Hz can be noted with a simultaneous decrease in the phase angle. This indicates an increase in surface elasticity with a practically constant surface viscosity. Noteworthy are close to zero coefficients of the dependence of dilatational viscosity on the oscillation frequency. At the same time, the group of patients during cardiopulmonary bypass reliably stands out among other groups of patients in terms of the size bviscosity. This indicates a change in the mechanism of formation of dilatational viscosity, probably due to the introduction of large volumes of infusion media into the vascular bed in a short time. Conclusion. Pathological changes in biochemical markers which influence blood viscosity (glucose, protein, albumen, urea and creatinine) were accompanied by significant changes in surface tension and dilatation viscoelasticity of serum and plasma blood. The same time these biochemical markers are not the dominant predictors of the changes in blood rheology and viscosity.

Introduction. Tuberculosis of the prostate is difficult for diagnosis, especially in the early stages.Material and methods. In an open prospective cohort study 84 patients with clinical and laboratory manifestations of chronic prostatitis were included.Purpose of the study. Тo estimate the most significant diagnostic criteria for prostate tuberculosis; role of prostate biopsy in differential diagnosis.Results. In 45 patients (53.6%) prostate tuberculosis was diagnosed, and in 39 patients (46.4%) chronic bacterial prostatitis was diagnosed. The diagnosis of prostate tuberculosis was confirmed microbiologically in 33.3% of patients, radiologically - in 24.4% of patients. A prostate biopsy followed by histological, bacteriological and molecular-genetic examination of the biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis in 20% of patients.Conclusion. The most informative in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and chronic prostatitis is the identification of M. tuberculosis; verification of diagnosis radiographically is possible only with the development of destruction of the parenchyma. The biopsy of the prostate should be examined not only pathologically, but also by molecular genetic methods.Disclosure: The study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Development of nanotechnologies allows to solve a number of problems of construction materials science: increase in strength, durability, abrasion and corrosion resistance that determines operational reliability of building constructions. Generally it is achieved due to nanoparticles that modify the structure and properties of the existing materials or products and are entered into their volume or on a surface layer. It’s theoretically and experimentally proved that the modified water has the bigger activity owing to the change of the ionic composition influencing the рН size and other parameters. As nanoparticles have a high level of surface energy, they show the increased tendency to agglomeration, meanwhile the size of agglomerates can reach several micrometers. In this regard an urgent task is to equally distribute and disaggregate the nanoparticles in the volume of tempering water. The experiments on studying of influence of the nanoparticles of silica distributed in volume of liquid by means of ultrasonic processing on characteristics of cement and sand solution and heavy concrete have been conducted. Nanoadditive influence on density, speed of strength development, final strength under compression of materials on the basis of cement depending on nanoadditive mass percent has been established.

Introduction. Prostate tuberculosis is not rare, but often overlooked disease: 77% of patients died from tuberculosis any localization had prostate tuberculosis and mostly it was not diagnosed alive; in 25% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis prostate tuberculosis was revealed by biopsy. Material and Methods.History cases of out-patients with prostate tuberculosis who was under observation in the Novosibirsk tuberculous dispensary in 2010-2015 years were analyzed retrospectively with purpose to estimate the ways of the diagnosis of prostate tuberculosis. Results. More often (41.7%) reason to suppose prostate tuberculosis was chronic prostatitis resistant to standard therapy. In 18.1% the disease was accidental finding after surgery due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (5.6%) or in time of examination patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (12.5%), who had no prostate-specific symptoms.Conclusion. Prostate tuberculosis may have non-specific symptoms and may be asymptomatic – in this case the disease is diagnosed accidentally. The frequency of prostate tuberculosis hiding under the mask of chronic prostatitis is high. Urogenital infections resistant to standard therapy are suspicious on tuberculosis.

Incidence, prevalence and mortality from tuberculosis remain high. Tuberculosis is systemic disease and may affect any organ or tissue; second-third most common form is urogenital tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of the importance reasons for female mortality, especially in the epidemic regions. There is genetic predisposition for female genital tuberculosis. Diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis is difficult because of absence specific symptoms; HIV-comorbidity makes early diagnosis even more difficult. Outcomes of kidney tuberculosis are severe fibrosis and calcification, that disorders kidney functions. Chronic renal failure hinders cure from kidney tuberculosis. Estimation of epidemiological reports is also difficult due to absence of unique classification.

The zone-block structure of the lithosphere is represented by a hierarchically organized pattern of stable blocks and mobile zones which border such blocks and contain highly dislocated geological medium (Fig. 1). Today, different specialists adhere to different concepts of blocks and zones, which are two main elements of the lithosphere structure. Differences are most significant in determinations of ‘interblock zones’ that are named as deformation / destructive / contact / mobile / fracture zones etc. due to their diversity in different conditions of deformation. One of the most effective approaches to studying the zone-block structure of the lithosphere is a combination of geological and geophysical studies of interblock zones tectonic features on various scales, which can make it possible to reveal the most common patterns of the interblock zones, general regularities of their development and relationships between the interblock zones.The main objectives of our study were (1) to identify the zone-block structure of the crust in the southern regions of East Siberia from tectonophysical analysis of geological and geophysical surveys conducted on four different scales along the 500 km long Shertoy-Krasny Chikoy transect crossing the marginal segment of the Siberian block, the Baikal rift and the Transbaikalian block (Fig. 2); (2) to clarify structural features of the central part of the Baikal rift (representing the tectonic type of interblock extension zone) by applying new research methods, such as radon emanation survey, to the Shertoy-Krasny Chikoy transect and using the previously applied methods, such as magnetotelluric sounding, on a smaller scale; and (3) to study manifestation of interblock zones of various ranks in different geological and geophysical fields, to reveal common specific features of their structural patterns for the upper crust, and to establish regularities of hierarchic and spatial relationships between the interblock zones.On the global scale, the object of our study at the Shertoy-Krasny Chikoy transect was the Baikal interblock zone (Fig. 2, 15, and 16). On the trans-regional scale, large fault zones were studied (Fig. 6, 11, and 14). On the regional and local scales, the objects of our study were systems of faults and fractures of various ranks which were active at the late Cenozoic stage of tectogenesis (Fig. 4, and 5). The set of geological and geophysical surveys included application of methods for identification of faults and fractures using different criteria, with account of the fact that clusters of such structures are indicative of the interblock zones of the crust. We used structural geological methods for studying faults and fractures, morphostructural analysis (including interpretation of satellite images), self-potential (SP) and resistivity profiling, magnetotelluric (MT) sounding, radon emanation survey, and hydrogeological studies of water occurrences. The region of Lake Baikal is one of the most studied geodynamically active regions of Russia; therefore, published data from previous studies of the Baikal region were used to interpret the data obtained by the authors.By interpreting the obtained data from the unified tectonophysical positions, the three objectives were met, and the following research results were stated:1. The principal specific features of the geological structure of the crust along the Shertoy-Krasny Chikoy transect are specified. It is established that the divisibility pattern complies with tectonophysical definitions of the hierarchically organized zone-block structure of the lithosphere (Fig. 2, 6, 11, 14, and 16). It is clearly evidenced, within the depth interval from the near-surface to about 30 km, that the crust is split into slightly broken blocks that are in contact with each other via wide zones that are marked by higher fracturing and fluid saturation. To a first approximation, such blocks are shaped as subhorizontal plates in the stable southern regions of East Siberia (e.g., the southern part of the Siberian platform) and subvertical plates in the areas being active in the Cenozoic (e.g., the Baikal rift). Within the framework of the given model of the zone-block structure of the southern regions of East Siberia, strict hierarchical subordination is established that manifests in spatial relationships of interblock zones (the closed network of the zones, imbedded blocks); its quantitative characteristics are stated at the global, trans-regional and three regional levels (Table 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 22). Average sizes of the zones, that were crossed by the transect, are estimated from the depth of their penetration into the crust; it is shown that Scale Invariant 2.2 (previously set for estimates of square areas) is valid also for the analysis of volumes of interblock structures. Detailed observations show that interblock structures are usually wider towards the earth surface; in the 1st order active zones, dimensions of the interblock structures may exceed dimensions of the adjacent, slightly disturbed blocks of the corresponding hierarchic level (Fig. 6, 11, 14, and 16). This pattern is typical of the actively developing Baikal rift and determines specific features of its structure with regards to the zone-block divisibility of the lithosphere.2. The Baikal interblock zone is a global one in the hierarchy of the zone-block structure of Asia. It develops under tension conditions at the contact of the Siberian and Trans-Baikal lithospheric blocks (Fig. 16). Within the transect, the width of the Baikal interblock zone is about 200 km. At the trans-regional level of the hierarchy, the zone is comprised of the Obruchevsky, Chersky-Barguzin and Dzhida-Vitim fault systems (Fig. 6, 11, and 14). The first two of them act as the western and eastern borders of the subsided block of the Baikal basin and thus constitute the major area of the lithospheric extension. The second area is the Dzhida-Vitim fault system separating from the first one by the uplifted Khamar-Daban block; within the transect, it is morphologically manifested by the Ivolgino-Uda basin (Fig. 11, and 16). In this area, due to localization of deformation in the South Baikal basin, the process of fracturing is less pronounced, although indicators of the recent activity, such as seismicity, heat flow, gas emanations etc., are clearly at maximums over the Dzhida-Vitim zone, which makes it evident that this zone is distinguished from the adjacent Transbaikalian block (Fig. 15). Each of the three trans-regional fault systems has a width of about 50 km and consists of regional interblock zones that undergo the intensive development within the Baikal area wherein the crust is subject to extension (Fig. 6, 11, and 14). By their internal patterns, they represent zones of major faults: the Prikhrebtovy, Primorsky, and Morskoy faults constituting the Obruchevsky fault system, as well as the Bortovoy and Deltovy faults from the Chersky-Barguzin system. The Prikhrebtovy and Bortovoy fault zones are located at the periphery of the systems and flatten out in the direction of the rift axis from depths of about 20 km, and, consequently, the area of the most intensive deformations in the Pribaikalie has a ‘bowl-shaped’ profile (Fig. 16). Due to the intensive fracturing occurring in the conditions of the overall stretching of the crust, this area is saturated with meteoric water and deep fluids penetrating into the regional fault zones and partially into the adjacent blocks also belonging to the internal pattern of the Obruchevsky and Chersky-Barguzin fault systems. The block represented by the Baikal basin (located between these two fault systems) is no exception as its central part is disturbed by the regional-scale zone wherein fluidization is most intense due to localization of deformation (Fig. 8, and 16). The zone of the anomalously low resistivity has a width of about 7-10 km and shows no trend to any drastic narrowing in the lower crust, which gives grounds to consider it as the main channel for migration of deep fluids towards the surface.3. As shown by experiences gained during the research at the Shertoy-Krasny Chikoy transect, in East Siberia the applied methods and techniques are informative for identification and analyses of the internal patterns of the interblock zones of different ranks. The methods and techniques used in studies along the transect complement each other and make it possible to investigate different properties of interblock zones. In general, in comparison with blocks, the zones are distinguished by the relief lowering, anomalous water exchange conditions, gas anomalies that are positive and complex in shape, and low resistivity values both near the surface and at depth (Fig. 3–6, 8, and 11–16). Integrated interpretation of the data is challenging: when applied separately, the methods and techniques reveal various specific features of interblock zone that differ in the degree of heterogeneity of the internal patterns depending on conditions of their formation and development. At the current stage of research, the boundaries of the interblock zones can be determined, to a first approximation, from average positions of anomalies, to determine which the deviations of measured parameters from their mean values are used.In the future, it is necessary to conduct detailed surveys using the above geological and geophysical methods in order to reveal specific features of manifestation of the interblock zones that differ in (1) kinematic types, ranks and degrees of activity, (2) properties of infill material and the surrounding medium, and (3) impacts of external factors (e.g., those of the planetary level). Upon comparison of results of such studies, it will be possible to update and improve the proposed generalized models accounting for manifestation of the interblock zones in the geological and geophysical fields (Fig. 17, 20, and 21) and to ensure that the methods and techniques used can be applied more effectively for identification of interblock zones in regions where rock outcrops are poor or lacking.