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The article is devoted to topical issues of psychological rehabilitation of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and summarizes the practical experience of the authors in the creation of psychological services in the TB clinic. The article focuses on the specifics of psychological assistance at the stage of continuation of TB treatment in the hospital. The theoretical and methodological foundations, principles and objectives of the ongoing psychological work. In the presented model of psychological rehabilitation are taken into account peculiarities of the organization of the treatment process in Phthisiology and identified in the clinical-psychological research on specific features of the response and interpersonal relationships of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The necessity of organizing special psycho-correctional programs aimed at overcoming premorbid elements of the system of relations that are considered as psychological risk factors of tuberculosis and relapses.

Therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients is complicated by their negative psychoemotional state frequently deteriorated by long inpatient stay. Enhancing the efficiency of rehabilitative measures in phthisiology requires active optimization of the patients' mental state. This problem can be solved by a package of correction measures involving psychological correction with reflex therapeutic normalization of the functional state of the cortical regions of the central nervous system in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. One hundred tuberculosis patients with decompensated mind, including 60 with OG and 40 with KG, were examined. A noticeable psychoemotional improvement was reliably detected 5 months after complex correction psychological and neuropsychological accompaniments of standard chemotherapy in the OG study.

Medical and psychological studies have established that the personality of a psychosomatic patient has characteristic specific features that determine his emotional reactions and lead to psychological and physiological destructions. Searching for the specificity of psychogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis may be guided by the V. N. Myasishchev provisions of psychology of relations and should be aimed at analyzing the patients' significant experiences that cause their prolonged affective tension. This paper defines the tasks of studying the psychological and neuropsychological features of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and specifies an adequate set of psychodiagnostic procedures to solve the put problems. The findings may provide insight into the specific character of psychogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis and into a relationship of the psychological traits of patients with this nosological entity to the physiological processes at the somatic and cerebral level.

Wearisome mental stress arising from experiencing aggressive sensations in the subjectively and objectively unbearable situation may be a significant contributor to the development of a psychosomatic disorder. A hundred and twenty patients with new-onset pulmonary tuberculosis underwent a psychological study. The steady-state personality trait in these patients is hostility as overpretentiousness, susceptibility to offence, and suspiciousness. The development of hostility in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with masterful upbringing in their parental families, which promotes the development of a sense of guilt, sensitivity to their criticism, restrained actions, and inattention. The inclination of these patients to feel themselves attacked victims forces them to mobilize their energy to repulse the aggressive reality as they perceive, maintaining the abnormally high level of affective tension that impairs autonomic balance in the body and makes the treatment of tuberculosis ineffective. It is expedient to take into account the revealed psychological characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the mentally corrective constituent of a therapeutic process in order to achieve the optimal cooperation in the physician-patient-family system.

A virus, identified as cowpox virus by its biological properties and the results of the analysis of its DNA, was isolated from a sick 4-year-old child with a clinical picture of pox, though having had no contacts with known natural carriers of the causative agent of this infection. At the same time the isolated virus was found to differ from the reference strain, as well as from other isolates of vaccinia virus by some biological markers (and in particular by the structure of cytoplasmic inclusions of type A) and by the restriction profile of DNA. The Hind III maps indicating the location of restriction sites made it possible to localize the genome differences established in this study. The specific feature of this case was the previous close contact of the child with a mole which was probably the source of infection.

The paper gives an account of the scientific-and-practical activity of the prominent Soviet physiologist V. V. Streltsov, Head of the Fourth Sector, Research Sanitary Institute, and the initiator of the Aviation Medicine Institute. He was a brilliant experimenter, innovator, organizer of unique researches who developed the physiological aspects of high altitude, speedy, night and instrumental blind flights, the problems of stratospheric aviation. He made the first experimental ascent in the altitude chamber. He was one of the first aviation physicians who made a parachute jump. He was the first inflight medical investigator who tested the on-board oxygen equipment in group cross-country flight on the closed route Moscow-Kharkov-Moscow.