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INTRODUCTION: The existing multiple factors of the ship’s environment, together with the climatic conditions of navigation, have a long and complex effect on the body of seamen. As a result, they often cause significant changes in the body. In turn, such changes can cause the emergence and development of many diseases.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morbidity of trawl fleet fishermen working in different climatic regions, possible factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases, to develop recommendations for reducing diseases with disability of workers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The morbidity of fishermen of the Arkhangelsk trawl fleet for the same period when working in the fishery in different climatogeographic regions was studied. 464 people of 4 crews of large freezing fishing trawlers aged 25–49 years (average age 41.8±9.5 years) and work experience from 3 to 10 years were under monitoring. The fishing area is the Norwegian Sea (northern climate zone, crew 237 people) and the Moorish Economic Zone (southern region, crew 217 people). The duration of the works ranged from 168 to 185 days. 10 voyage reports from on-board logbooks (5 times in each of the climatic regions) were used as sources of information on morbidity. Statistics: The McNemar criterion was used for comparative analysis between frequency indicators, and the MannWhitney criterion was used for absolute averages. The statistical significance level pRESULTS: The morbidity of seafarers, according to the initial appeals, had statistically significant differences when working in different climatogeographic regions. The frequency of cases of temporary disability for people working in tropical regions turned out to be much higher in comparison with the northern ones. At the same time, the average duration of the disease in the absolute majority of nosological forms (except for skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases) had no statistically significant differences between the groups of sailors.DISCUSSION: Territorial features of fishing produce the characteristic of morbidity. Among them, the greatest contribution to the occurrence of diseases are frequent international contacts, peculiarities of processing of harvested fish, tension of adaptation mechanisms due to work in unusual conditions combined with hard work. The identified causes of morbidity among trawl fleet fishermen require the development of special measures to level them, prevent the development of chronic diseases.CONCLUSION: Is made about the need for constant monitoring of seafarers to determine adaptive changes during the voyage period and during the readaptation of the crew to coastal conditions. Within the framework of the medical support system for water transport workers, it is necessary to take into account the adverse factors of the professional environment in order to create high-quality and safe working conditions.

The hard-working conditions of mariners require a high degree of adaptation of the regulatory systems of the organism. In ensuring adaptation, one of the leading ones is the endocrine system (especially the pituitary-adrenal axis.The aim of the study is to investigate changes in hormonal parameters in mariners during a voyage to various climatic and geographical regions.Materials and methods: Russian seamen were examined during the dynamics of the voyage to various climatogeographic regions. They have determined the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol four times (before the voyage, at the beginning, in the middle and at the end).The results of the study and their discussion: at the beginning of the voyage, the level of ACTH and cortisol were increased; by the middle of the voyage, ACTH decreased but cortisol remained at the same values; by the end of the voyage, the levels of both hormones decreased and reached values much lower than before the voyage. Considering the dynamics of hormonal levels, the normal course of the general adaptation process occurs in the first half of the voyage. A significant decrease in ACTH and cortisol levels in the second half of the voyage may be a sign of breakdown of adaptive capacity.

The prolonged availability of seafarers on board of water vehicle during voyages forms the features of professional labor activity. When assessing the medical and sanitary situation of life and vital activity of the crew on board a ship, it is necessary to take into account a set of conditions that are integrated into a single notion — «ship environment ». The ship’s environment affects the personnel’s body for the entire period while people are on the voyage. It can cause changes in the state of health. The article presents a review of the literature devoted to the study of the influence of climatic and geographical factors accompanying maritime labor. Natural factors occupy a significant share among the large effects of the ship’s environment that affect the health of seafarers and, accordingly, their ability to work. Among them, the greatest contribution is made by temperature, physico-chemical properties of air, photoperiodic fluctuations. The homeostatic systems of the seafarers ‘ body are very closely dependent on the natural situation of the seas. These conditions impose high requirements and can cause the development of premorbid and pathological conditions. To ensure the protection of the health and working capacity of the crew, it is necessary to study the influence of external factors. The main directions for ensuring the safety and strengthening of the health of seafarers are: forecasting and prevention of health disorders, prenosological diagnostics and timely medical support, rehabilitation measures in the post-voyage period.

The article presents the results of investigating the dynamics of the blood pressure among seamen in the period of 5 months continuous work on vessel. The study revealed that the number of seamen actually suffering from arterial hypertension is much more then ascertained in a pre-voyage medical examination. It was determined that the negative dynamics of the blood pressure level registered during the whole period of the voyage was most strongly manifested in the end of the voyage (after 6 months).

In this paper were characterized a sea work environment in that are sailors and meet one’s professional engagements during fishing voyage. Health negative factors were specified. Among one’s a more impacted are physical (noise, vibration, mechanical blow, interfrequency and ionization), chemical. Besides of technological affects a very important is climate geographic and social psychological agents. Widest impacts from this are temperature, air features, photoperiodical changes. A natural sea environment impact a high claims to organism homeostatic system and can lead to premorbid or pathological conditions. It was concluded about extreme sea work environment that affect to adaptive stress and regulatory system disturbances. This one led to health decrease and work decrement. A medical support system sailors must include allow for different adverse professional factors for developing a quality and safeguard working conditions.