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In today's world, feelings play an important part in many aspects of life. The spectrum of human feelings, whether or not those sensations are verbalised, serves as the foundation for emotions. A diverse range of emotional expressions can be used to convey a person's sense of individuality. It is possible to infer a person's state of mind simply by observing their facial expressions. This project aims to determine people's feelings based on images of them and then match those feelings with suitable musical selections. The majority of today's most popular music discovery tools make use of a social or content-based recommendation engine of some kind. However, a listener's taste in music is dependent on a variety of factors in addition to their previous listening habits and the subject matter of the songs they hear. The feelings of other users are also important.

India did phased measles-rubella supplementary immunisation activities (MR-SIAs; ie, mass-immunisation campaigns) targeting children aged 9 months to less than 15 years. We estimated measles-rubella seroprevalence before and after the MR-SIAs to quantify the effect on population immunity and identify remaining immunity gaps.Between March 9, 2018 and March 19, 2020 we did community-based, cross-sectional serosurveys in four districts in India before and after MR-SIAs. 30 villages or wards were selected within each district, and one census enumeration block from each was selected as the survey cluster. Households were enumerated and 13 children in the younger age group (9 months to5 years) and 13 children in the older ager group (5 to15 years) were randomly selected by use of computer-generated random numbers. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses by enzyme immunoassay.Specimens were collected from 2570 children before the MR-SIA and from 2619 children afterwards. The weighted MR-SIA coverage ranged from 73·7% to 90·5% in younger children and from 73·6% to 93·6% in older children. Before the MR-SIA, district-level measles seroprevalence was between 80·7% and 88·5% among younger children in all districts, and between 63·4% and 84·5% among older children. After the MR-SIA, measles seroprevalence among younger children increased to more than 90% (range 91·5 to 96·0) in all districts except Kanpur Nagar, in which it remained unchanged 80·4%. Among older children, measles seroprevalence increased to more than 90·0% (range 93·7% to 96·5%) in all districts except Hoshiarpur (88·7%). A significant increase in rubella seroprevalence was observed in all districts in both age groups, with the largest effect in Dibrugarh, where rubella seroprevalence increased from 10·6% to 96·5% among younger children.Measles-rubella seroprevalence increased substantially after the MR-SIAs but the serosurvey also identified remaining gaps in population immunity.The BillMelinda Gates Foundation and Indian Council of Medical Research.

Skin cancer is a crucial predicament in most of western countries including Europe, Australia and America. It is quite often curable whenever perceived and treated early. The significant hazard factors related are skin shading, deficiency of sun-lights, atmosphere, age, and hereditary. The most ideal approach to distinguish melanoma is to perceive another spot in the skin or recognize that is fluctuating in size, shape and shading. Early detection of skin malignancy can stay away from death. Finding of the skin ailment relies upon the extraction of the anomalous skin locale. Right now, methods to separate the skin injury districts are proposed and their outcomes are looked at dependent on the measurable and surface properties. In this study, the myriad kind of features of Dermoscopy image analysis has been thoroughly explores. Moreover, disparity segmentation techniques for detecting Melanoma Skin Cancer are discussed. The ultimate aim of this discussion is to provide suggestions for carrying a future research based about this relevance and limitations.

This paper focused on examining the relationship exist between psychosocial variables, employability skills and career adaptability for procuring placements among management graduates; to ascertain the mediating effect of career adaptability skills in the relationship between employability skills and placements. The study opt, cross-sectional design. Data were gathered from management graduates (N=207), placed in varied job settings through academic placements. Hierarchical regression were performed to accomplish objectives of the study. The results showed positive and significant correlation among employability, career adaptability towards procuring placements. Further describes partial mediation effect of career adaptability in relationship between employability and placements obtained among graduates. The results proposes that management graduates need to possess more adaptability skills compared to employability skills in order to secure employment through placements. The career adaptability dimensions: control, curiosity, concern, confidence and major employability skills can be enhanced by providing academic workshops and training interventions to management graduates.

ObjectiveLarge data on the clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 in the Indian population are scarce. We analysed the factors associated with mortality in a cohort of moderately and severely ill patients with COVID-19 enrolled in a randomised trial on convalescent plasma.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a Phase II, Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma to Limit COVID-19 Associated Complications in Moderate Disease.Setting39 public and private hospitals across India during the study period from 22 April to 14 July 2020.ParticipantsOf the 464 patients recruited, two were lost to follow-up, nine withdrew consent and two patients did not receive the intervention after randomisation. The cohort of 451 participants with known outcome at 28 days was analysed.Primary outcome measureFactors associated with all-cause mortality at 28 days after enrolment.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 51±12.4 years; 76.7% were males. Admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 2.4±1.1. Non-invasive ventilation, invasive ventilation and vasopressor therapy were required in 98.9%, 8.4% and 4.0%, respectively. The 28-day mortality was 14.4%. Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was similar in survivors (4 days; IQR 3–7) and non-survivors (4 days; IQR 3–6). Patients with two or more comorbidities had 2.25 (95% CI 1.18 to 4.29, p=0.014) times risk of death. When compared with survivors, admission interleukin-6 levels were higher (p2/FiO2 ratio 10 (9.97, 3.65–27.13, p1.0 mg/L (2.50, 1.14–5.48, p=0.022), ferritin ≥500 ng/mL (2.67, 1.44–4.96, p=0.002) and lactate dehydrogenase ≥450 IU/L (2.96, 1.60–5.45, p=0.001) were significantly associated with death.ConclusionIn this cohort of moderately and severely ill patients with COVID-19, severity of illness, underlying comorbidities and elevated levels of inflammatory markers were significantly associated with death.Trial registration numberCTRI/2020/04/024775.

It is essential to examine the longevity of the defensive immune response engendered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We examined the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses and ex vivo memory B-cell subsets in seven groups of individuals with COVID-19 classified based on days since reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data showed that the levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies started increasing from days 15 to 30 to days 61 to 90, and plateaued thereafter. The frequencies of naive B cells and atypical memory B cells decreased from days 15 to 30 to days 61 to 90, and plateaued thereafter. In contrast, the frequencies of immature B cells, classical memory B cells, activated memory B cells, and plasma cells increased from days 15 to 30 to days 61 to 90, and plateaued thereafter. Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited increased frequencies of naive cells, atypical memory B cells, and activated memory B cells, and lower frequencies of immature B cells, central memory B cells, and plasma cells when compared with patients with mild COVID-19. Therefore, our data suggest modifications in memory B-cell subset frequencies and persistence of humoral immunity in convalescent individuals with COVID-19.

Mobile ad hoc networks are an independent wireless network that is built without permanent infrastructure and base station support. Each node in the network uses a wireless connection for connections and acts not only as an end system but also as a path to accelerating packets. Meanwhile, the network nodes are mobile and can move in each path with changing steps, creating a great dynamic of the network. Therefore, the protocols set for general ad hoc networks are inappropriate for such a situation. In addition, the performance of ad hoc routing protocols decreases with increasing network size. In this context, suggest a new way to extend the recital of routing in MANETs: the on-demand Progressive Distance Vector (PAODV). It is a modified variant of the standard AODV routing protocol, which shrinks the dynamic path when an optimal path exists and switches the traffic to it. Simulation studies with NS2 show that the proposed method improves network performance as network size, weight, or flexibility increase.

The proposed work addresses a novelty in techniques for segmentation of remotely sensed hyper-spectral scenes. Incorporated inter band cluster and intra band cluster techniques has investi...

We conducted a nationally representative population-based survey in 60 districts from 15 Indian states covering all five geographic regions during 2017–2018 to estimate the age specific seroprevalence of dengue. Of the 12,300 sera collected, 4,955 were positive for IgG antibodies against dengue virus using IgG Indirect ELISA indicating past dengue infection. We tested 4,948 sera (seven had inadequate volume) positive for IgG antibodies on indirect ELISA using anti-dengue IgG capture ELISA to estimate the proportion of dengue infections with high antibody titers, suggestive of acute or recent secondary infection. Of the 4,948 sera tested, 529 (10.7%; 95% CI: 9.4–12.1) were seropositive on IgG capture ELISA. The proportions of dengue infections with high titers were 1.1% in the northeastern, 1.5% in the eastern, 6.2% in the western, 12.2% in the southern, and 16.7% in the northern region. The distribution of dengue infections varied across geographic regions, with a higher proportion of infections with high antibody titer in the northern and southern regions of India. The study findings could be useful for planning facilities for clinical management of dengue infections.

ObjectivesConvalescent plasma (CP) as a passive source of neutralizing antibodies and immunomodulators is a century-old therapeutic option used for the management of viral diseases. We investigated its effectiveness for the treatment of COVID-19.DesignOpen-label, parallel-arm, phase II, multicentre, randomized controlled trial.SettingThirty-nine public and private hospitals across India.ParticipantsHospitalized, moderately ill confirmed COVID-19 patients (PaO2/FiO2: 200-300 or respiratory rate > 24/min and SpO2 ≤ 93% on room air).InterventionParticipants were randomized to either control (best standard of care (BSC)) or intervention (CP + BSC) arm. Two doses of 200 mL CP was transfused 24 hours apart in the intervention arm.Main Outcome MeasureComposite of progression to severe disease (PaO2/FiO2< 100) or all-cause mortality at 28 days post-enrolment.ResultsBetween 22ndApril to 14thJuly 2020, 464 participants were enrolled; 235 and 229 in intervention and control arm, respectively. Composite primary outcome was achieved in 44 (18.7%) participants in the intervention arm and 41 (17.9%) in the control arm [aOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.77]. Mortality was documented in 34 (13.6%) and 31 (14.6%) participants in intervention and control arm, respectively [aOR) 1.06 95% CI: −0.61 to 1.83].InterpretationCP was not associated with reduction in mortality or progression to severe COVID-19. This trial has high generalizability and approximates real-life setting of CP therapy in settings with limited laboratory capacity. A priori measurement of neutralizing antibody titres in donors and participants may further clarify the role of CP in management of COVID-19.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI); CTRI/2020/04/024775.

Conducting population-based serosurveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will estimate and monitor the trend of infection in the adult general population, determine the socio-demographic risk factors and delineate the geographical spread of the infection. For this purpose, a serial cross-sectional survey would be conducted with a sample size of 24,000 distributed equally across four strata of districts categorized on the basis of the incidence of reported cases of COVID-19. Sixty districts will be included in the survey. Simultaneously, the survey will be done in 10 high-burden hotspot cities. ELISA-based antibody tests would be used. Data collection will be done using a mobile-based application. Prevalence from the group of districts in each of the four strata will be pooled to estimate the population prevalence of COVID-19 infection, and similarly for the hotspot cities, after adjusting for demographic characteristics and antibody test performance. The total number of reported cases in the districts and hotspot cities will be adjusted using this seroprevalence to estimate the expected number of infected individuals in the area. Such serosurveys repeated at regular intervals can also guide containment measures in respective areas. State-specific context of disease burden, priorities and resources should guide the use of multifarious surveillance options for the current COVID-19 epidemic.

Recently, there has been a drastically spiral-up amount of patients affected with melanoma the noxious kind of skin cancer. As a result, there is a need to build up a computer-aided diagnostic model to streamline its early detection for effective treatments. It is a challenging task for precise segmentation and classification of pigment of the skin due to the plentiful color and structures developed haphazardly inside the lesion. The present work is demonstrated about the segmentation of skin lesion images using Robust K-Means, the enhanced unsupervised clustering method. This method segregates disparity kinds of melanoma images successfully without using any additional parameters. Statistical methods are used to evaluate the performance of these methods.

The present work is address about the latest techniques for segmentation of remotely sensed hyperspectral scenes, assembled through airborne or space-borne Earth observation instruments. The inter band cluster and intra band cluster techniques has examined for spectral un-mixing and hyperspectral image segmentation. The inter band clustering is carried out with K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Robust K-Means (RKM) clustering mechanisms, whilst the Particle Swarm Clustering (PSC) mechanism ought to be used during intra band cluster parts. DB (Davies Bouldin) index be utilized to figure out the quantity of clusters. The hyperspectral bands have clustered besides a band that has predominant variance from every cluster has singled out, that makes diminished band. Moreover, PSC put forward the segmentation strategy on this reduced band. In PSC, the segmentation is put forward out by enhanced algorithm entitled as Enhanced Estimation of Centroid (EEOC). Performance of the above method is evaluated an assortment of scenarios in terms of pixels clustered and time complexity.

Contrast enhancement is an essential step to improve the medical images for analysis and for better visual perception of diseases. Fundus images help in screening and diagnosing the diabetic retinopathy. These images must be enhanced in contrast, and the brightness should be preserved to view the features correctly. In addition, the fundus image should be analyzed by Histogram Equalization-based methods to detect DR abnormalities effectively. In this paper, various image enhancements based on Histogram Equalization have been reviewed on fundus images and the results are compared using image quality measurement tools such as absolute mean brightness error to assess brightness preservation, peak signal-to-noise ratio to evaluate the contrast enhancement, entropy to measure richness of the details of the image. The proposed results show that the Adaptive Histogram Equalization is the best enhancement method which helps in the detection of diabetic retinopathy in fundus images.

Neovascularization is a serious sight-threatening complication of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) occurring in the diabetes mellitus persons, which causes progressive damage to the retina through the growth of new abnormal blood vessels. Preprocessing technique primarily extracts and normalizes the green plane of fundus image used to increase the level of contrast, the change in contrast level has been analyzed using Pair-wise Euclidean distance method. Normalized green plane image is subjected into the two-stage approach: detecting neovascularization region using compactness classifier and classifying neovascularization vessels using neural network. Compactness classifier with morphology-based operator and thresholding techniques are used to detect the neovascularization region. A function matrix box is added to categorize the neovascularization from normal blood vessels. Then, the feed-forward back-propagation neural network for the extracted features like number of segments, gray level, gradient, gradient variation, gray-level coefficient is attempted in Neovascularization region to get an indicative accuracy of classification. The proposed method is tested on images from online datasets and from two hospital eye clinic real-time images with varying quality and image resolution, achieves sensitivity and specificity of 80 and 100% respectively and with an accuracy of 90% gives encouraging abnormal blood vessels classification.

Hyperspectral image analysis is a complicated and challenging task due to the inherent nature of the image. The main aim of this work is to segment the object in hyperspectral scene using image processing technique. This paper address a novel approach entitled as Segmentation of hyperspectral image using JSEG based on unsupervised cluster methods. In the preprocessing part, single band is picked out from the hyperspectral image and then converts into false color image. The JSEG algorithm is segregate the false color image properly without manual parameter adjustment. The segmentation has carried in two major stages. To begin with, colors in the image are quantized to represent several classes which can be used to differentiate regions in the image. Besides, hit rate regions with cognate color regions merging algorithm is used. In region merging part, K-means, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Fast K-Means weighted option (FWKM) algorithm are used to segregate the image in accordance with the color for each cluster and its neighborhoods. Experiment results of above clustering method could be analyzed in terms of mean, standard deviation, number of cluster, number of pixels, time taken, number of objects occur in the resultant image. FWKM algorithm results yields good performance than its counterparts.

A secure network partially depends on user authentication and unfortunately authentication schemes used at present are not utterly secure. Most of the systems today rely on static passwords to verify the user's identity. This paper describes a method of implementing two factor authentication using mobile phones. The proposed system involves using a mobile phone as a software token for One Time Password generation. OTP algorithm powered with user's unique identifications like International Mobile Equipment Identification and Subscriber Identification Module; makes a finite alphanumeric token valid for a session and for a single use. The generated One Time Password is valid for only a short user defined period of time and is generated by factors that are unique to both, the user and the mobile device itself. Additionally, an SMS-based mechanism is implemented as both a backup mechanism for retrieving the password and as a possible mean of synchronization.