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Land use is a man-made dynamic process in which human uses land resource to fulfil their various economic, social and cultural needs and at the same time it also provides a base for development. The proper management needed for sustainable development of land can improve the eco-system and its productivity in a particular geographical region. The present study focuses on spatio-temporal changes in land use and land cover pattern in Auranga river basin of Jharkhand using geospatial approach. Supervised classification technique was applied in this study to detect land use/ land cover changes. The main objective of the study is to analyse temporal change of land use/ land cover pattern during 1996, 2007 and 2018 using various dataset as well as other ancillary data. The result reveales both increase and decrease of the different land use/ land cover classes from 1996 to 2018.

Eastern Uttar Pradesh has a number of mills including large as well as small and ancillaries units because of availability of sufficient amount of sugarcane in this area. It has fertile plain which is highly suitable for cultivation of sugarcane, but many factors related to sugarcane cultivation as well as sugar mills have pushed the sugar industry to be agglomerated at some places which ultimately brought regional variation in distribution patterns and grouped in some clusters. This paper analyses the distribution pattern and clustering of sugar industry in eastern Uttar Pradesh. The study is based on primary as well as secondary data including number of industrial units, capital investment and involved employment. Out of total 30 working mills, 25 mills make clusters occupying eight districts, i.e., Kushinagar, Deoria, Gorakhpur, Mahrajganj and Bahraich, Balrampur, Gonda, Basti. These clusters are located in the Saryupar plain as well as Tarai region which show that sugar industry is exclusively developed in intensive sugarcane production areas.

Education is a tremendous and critical concern, in current years the amount of data stored in academic database is developing rapidly. The protected database consists of hidden data about the development of the scholar’s performance and behavior. The ability to assess the faculties overall performance annually could be very critical in academic environments. Web content mining is the method of extracting useful data from the contents of web pages. Content records are the collection of data that a web page is designed to hold. Content data consist of text, photograph, audio, video, hyperlink or dependent data which includes lists or tables. From this method, the scholars’ behavior is analyzed by using the Internet log files, which holds the data such as staffs searched web pages and their history was extracted for analysis. The analysis of staffs’ behavior in the learning and teaching environment is based on log files created on the server during the course of interaction between learners and the electronic syllabus. This study emphasizes on concept of various classification algorithms, for processing the data available in the web. There are numerous algorithms for classification, among those three major algorithms such as Naive Bayes algorithm, Support Vector Machine algorithm (SVM) and finally Artificial Neural Network algorithms (ANN) were considered for analysis. These three algorithms were used for analyzing the web log files, where the data to be handles resides. The results of all the three algorithms have been clearly defined, in order to choose the efficient classification algorithm.

Objectives: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have to deal with a poor quality of life (QOL) and psychomorbidity resulting from an incurable illness. We aimed to study the effect of patient education on QOL, compliance, anxiety and depression in IBD. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled over two years beginning July 2014 and divided into an interventional and usual care group. Both received the standard of care, but the former in addition received an 8 min session of video-assisted education. Compliance to drugs was defined as drug intake of > 80% of the prescribed dose, and adherence to scheduled follow up visits were also compared. Self-administered questionnaires namely Short IBD questionnaire (SIBDQ), Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory (BAI, BDI-II), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to assess QOL, anxiety and depression respectively at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. Results: Of the 91 patients enrolled, 84 [92.3%; male = 66 (78.57%)] completed the follow up. Significantly more patients were compliant to follow up visits in the intervention and usual care groups respectively at 6 months (88.4% versus 65.8% respectively; p p p Conclusion: Video assisted patient education improved compliance to follow up visits and depression scores in IBD. Further modifications in the educational video content and delivery might improve compliance to drug therapy, QOL and anxiety scores.

Single layer (ZnO, ZnS and Al doped ZnO film), double layer (ZnO/Al doped ZnO film) and triple layer films (ZnO/Al doped ZnO/ZnO and ZnO/Al doped ZnO/ZnS film) were deposited on sodalime glass substrate by electroless process. Wet deposited thin films were dried in air and subsequently annealed in a muffle furnace in air atmosphere at 500°C for 2 h. Significant characteristics of the thin films, such as crystallinity, surface roughness, as well as the optical properties in a large spectral range between 300 and 800 nm were analysed. Average grain size of the films was found 40–90 nm. The obtained sample of triple layer film of ZnO/Al doped ZnO/ZnS exhibits best, optimum optical characteristics, i.e. intermediate range of absorbance of spectra, lowest value of photoluminescence intensity, and has minimum recombination of electron–hole pairs. Triple layer film of ZnO/Al doped ZnO/ZnS is suitable in place of CdS/Al doped ZnO multilayer film as a transparent substrate in dye-sensitised solar cell.

The Kapala Yantras of Sawai Jai Singh

Sawai Jai Singh's Hindu Astronomers

Precision Instruments of Sawai Jai Singh

Astronomical Instruments at Kota

Usher syndrome (or Hallgren syndrome) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness, retinitis pigmentosa, and variable vestibular deficit; Usher syndrome type II is the most common form. Various neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported to occur in those with Usher syndrome, including schizophrenia-like disorder, atypical psychosis, recurrent depressive illness, neurotic disorder, and mental retardation; however, bipolar disorder is not common in those with Usher syndrome. Herein we describe a 30-year-old male with Usher syndrome type II that developed features indicative of a probable manic episode. The patient had complete remission of symptoms in response to treatment with olanzapine 20 mg d-1. In persons with dual sensory impairment there are inherent problems with assessment and diagnosis is difficult due to their limited communication abilities. The diagnosis of Usher syndrome depends heavily on behavioral observation and disturbances in vegetative functions.

Of the several of minerals used in Ayurveda practice as Vaikranta, the most commonly used were procured from reputed Ayurveda pharmacies all over India and those responding to physical characteristics of Vaikranta as mentioned in Ayurveda texts were subjected to physical, chemical and spectral analysis. X-ray diffraction study of Schorlite was undertaken to conform mineral constitutions of the materials.

The present study was carried out on the hospitalized geriatric general medical patients with the aim to identify the possible risk factors associated with delirium in the elderly. The assessment of the patients was carried out using Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Delirium Symptom Interview (DSI), Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) and ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research for delirium Details of medical records were collected. An overall rate of delirium of 27% was found in the 100 patients who constituted the sample. Pre-existing cognitive deficits, neurological illnesses, urinary tract infections, visual impairment, hearing impairment, current proteinuria, leukocytosis, raised blood ammonia, hyponatremia and potassium level disturbances were the risk factors identified.

To evaluate the tolerability and response to escitalopram in Indian patients with major depression, over an 8-week open-label multicentric study was carried out among 18-65 years old Indian patients suffering from DSM IV major depressive disorder with Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) total scoreor =22. Patients received a fixed dose of escitalopram 10 mg daily for 2 weeks, followed by flexible dose of 10 to 20 mg daily for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated for depression and rated on MADRS score and clinical global impressions-severity (CGI-S) and--improvement (CGI-I) scores. They were monitored for treatment-emergent adverse effects. A total of 119 patients were enrolled and 103 completed the trial. There was a decrease from baseline in the MADRS total score after one week of treatment continuing until 8 weeks. By week 8, 76.9% patients had responded to treatment (or =50% or more reduction of MADRS total score). A similar pattern of improvement to that seen with the MADRS total score was seen with CGI-S and CGI-I scores. Escitalopram was well tolerated, with only 2 patients (1.7%) withdrawing from the study due to adverse events. There were no serious adverse events.

To evaluate the antioxidant and hypocholesterolaemic effects of Terminalia arjuna tree bark (a popular cardiotonic substance in Indian pharmacopoeia) and to compare it with a known antioxidant, vitamin E, we performed a randomized controlled trial.One hundred and five successive patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) presenting to our centre were recruited and using a Latin-square design divided into 3 groups of 35 each. The groups were matched for age, lifestyle and dietary variables, clinical diagnosis and drug treatment status. None of the patients was on lipid-lowering drugs. Supplemental vitamins were stopped for one month before study began and American Heart Association Step II dietary advice was given to all. At baseline, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol and lipid peroxide estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined. Group I received placebo capsules; Group II vitamin E capsules 400 units/day; and Group III received finely pulverized T. arjuna tree bark-powder (500 mg) in capsules daily. Lipids and lipid peroxide levels were determined at 30 days follow-up.Response rate in various groups varied from 86% to 91%. No significant changes in total, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides levels were seen in Groups I and II (paired t-test p0.05). In Group III there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (-9.7 +/- 12.7%), and LDL cholesterol (-15.8 +/- 25.6%) (paired t-test p0.01). Lipid peroxide levels decreased significantly in both the treatment groups (p0.01). This decrease was more in vitamin E group (-36.4 +/- 17.7%) as compared to the T. arjuna group (-29.3 +/- 18.9%).Terminalia arjuna tree bark powder has significant antioxidant action that is comparable to vitamin E. In addition, it also has a significant hypocholesterolaemic effect.

Fabric samples were grafted with binary and ternary mixtures of selected vinyl monomers along with acrylamide onto cotton using ceric ammonium nitrate as catalyst from aqueous solution or emulsion, and subsequently polyacrylamide grafts were methylolated in situ and crosslinked. Except in the case of acrylamide-acrylonitrile treatment, finished fabrics show good wrinkle-recovery properties accompanied by satisfactory retention of breaking- and tear-strength and also very much improved resistance to abrasion. The finish is suitable for the deferred-cure process with minimum evolution of formaldehyde. When the above-mentioned uncrosslinked grafted samples are crosslinked through N-methylol crosslinking agents, improvement in wrinkle-recovery properties are accompanied by usual losses in strength and abrasion resistance. However, when ternary mixtures containing ethylacrylate, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile are grafted at higher polymer add-ons, and fabric is crosslinked through the conventional crosslinking agents, very good abrasion-resistance properties along with good strength retention are achieved. In the reverse process— i.e., where samples are first crosslinked through polyacrylamide grafts and then further grafted with ethylacrylate alone or in combination with other monomers—abrasion properties are markedly improved, while wrinkle-recovery properties are only moderate.

Thermal analysis of cotton samples grafted with acrylamide, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate individually and in mixture compositions has been carried out. Additional endothermic peaks in the DTA curves characteristic of the polymers grafted were observed. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylonitrile makes cotton thermally more stable, while in the case of methyl acrylate-and methyl methacrylate-grafted cottons, the initial decomposition starts at higher temperatures, but subsequent decomposition is faster and the overall thermal stability is lowered. In the case of binary mixtures of acrylamide and acrylonitrile, inception of decomposition starts earlier, but subsequent decomposition takes place at much higher temperatures than for individual monomer-grafted cottons. Interaction between monomers during grafting is indicated. When fabric samples containing polyacrylamide grafts are methylolated and subsequently cross-linked, there is a reduction in the thermal stability of the treated cotton.

Correction factors inking into account the variation of the electron–neutral collision frequency with different powers of electron velocity have been applied to calculate the different height profiles for various electron energy transport coefficients such as diffusion coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Results are discussed in the light of simple gas kinetic model rules which have been shown to break down in the presence of central interaction between electron and neutrals (i.e. in the Earth's lower ionosphere). Also, assuming the electron energy transport due only to a difference in electron and neutral gas temperatures, height profiles for effective heat flux have been obtained corresponding to different values of ▿ Te. These profiles, on comparison with one another and also with the height profile for the ionospheric G factor, show clearly no transport of electron energy in the Earth's lower ionosphere due to thermal conduction.

The height profiles for the electron energy transport coefficients such as thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and diffusion coefficient are obtained considering the lower ionosphere as a weakly plasma region. Assuming the velocity independent average electron-neutral collision frequency. i.e. V(υ) = v¯, the different profiles, corresponding to four average electron density height profiles for the quiet and undisturbed lower ionosphere, are drawn. Their comparison shows that the dependence of these coefficients on temperature. especially in the range E|kT∼ l is not clear.

The signs and symptoms due to extrapyramidal tract involvement are amongst the most common side effects in tranquillizer therapy, which is uniformly present in all the six group of drugs used in medicine (1). With many of these drugs, severe extrapyramidal symptoms are uncommon, but with those phenothiazines which contain a piperazine moiety in their side chain such untoward effects are the rule rather than exception ; e.g. trifluoperazine, prochlorperazine and perphenazine. Since these are the valuable drugs in psychiatry, control of their f .trapyramidal side effects offers an important challenge. Several intriguing views, regarding the relationship of tranquillizing activity and extrapyramidal reactions are reported in literature. Freyhan (2), Brune et al. (3) and Haase (4) are of the opinion that the ability of a drug to induce parkinson like syndrome bears a positive correlation with its therapeutic efficacy, and that the fine motor extrapyramidal reactions are “conditio sino qua non” for the essential efficacy of neuroleptic drugs. Conversely, Cole and Clyde (5), Brooks (6) and Hollister (1), believe that the suppression of parkinsonism does not lead to the impairment of therapeutic efficacy of tranquillizers and that the clinical appearance of extrapyramidal syndrome in no way predicts the therapeutic response of a tranquillizer. An endeavour to find out the inter-relationship of parkinsonism and antipsychotic activity of tranquillizers can profitably be made by taking the hypothesis of McGeer et al. (7) into consideration. According to these suggestions, there is an equilibrium within the brain between the two groups of biogenic amines: serotonin-catecholamine on one hand, while acetylcholine-histamine on the other. Parkinsonism is characterized by an imbalance between these two systems and can be corrected either by increasing the neurohumoral content of one system or by decreasing that of the other. Since the therapeutic efficacy of phenothiazine group of tranquillzer bears a close correlation with their antiserotonin (8) and antiadrenergic (9) activity, the two possible ways to inhibit parkinsonism, without interfering with antipsychosis, could be to enhance their antihistaminic or antiacetylcholine action. But potent antihistaminics amongst phenothiazine series e.g. promethazine, or ethopropazine possess little tranquillizing activity, while perphenazine and trifluoperazine which are weak antihistaminic are on the other hand potent tranquillizers. Therefore, the only way to reduce their parkinsonism liability is to increase their antiacetylcholine like action. Since oximes are well known as antidotes for organophosphorous poisoning (anti DFP), we speculated that anticholinergic quaternary oximes of phenothiazine drugs can provide a tranquillizer with lesser liability of extrapyramidal reaction and that the study with these compounds is likely to furnish certain clues for the inter-relationship of thses two actions, one desirable and the other unwanted.

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1. The present studies deal with the histochernical observation on nucleolus and its extrusions in the egg-follicle of five dipteran species, viz., Dyosophila melanogaster, Musca domestica, Dacus cucuybitae, Psychoda bengalensis and Culex fatigans.2. The trophocyte and oocyte nucleolus consists of RNA, proteins and bound lipids, except in Dyosophila and Musca; in these species the oocyte nucleolus does not possess RNA.3. DNA appears in the oocyte nucleolus during the growth period in all the five species.4. The nucleolus buds off granules rich in ribonucleoporteins and bound lipids; these granules migrate into the ooplasm.5. The mode of emission of the nucleolar material and their role in proteid yolk synthesis have been discussed.

Considering the rotational excitations of O2 and N2 an expression for the ionospheric G factor for air has been derived. In view of recent laboratory measurements an expression for has boon obtained and electron collision frequency profile has been constructed with the help of pressure data. With these parameters the electron energy loss parameter (Gν/N) air has been calculated which compares well with previous results. It is concluded that the contribution of the rotational excitation of O2 to the electron energy loss rate parameter is significant for the free electrons with small energies specially when the electron gas temperature Te is below 290°K.

The potential energy curves for several diatomic molecules have been calculated by using Tietz potential energy functions and the values thus obtained have been compared with that of RKRV. It is found that in some cases this empirical form is a good approximation to the true curve.

The synthesis and anticholinergic activity of a new series of quaternary oximes of some 10-N-substituted phenothiazines are reported.