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of this study was to determine the levels of radionuclides in the rescuers' bodies of the SES during firefighting in the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and to assess the dose of internal radiation dueto this receipt.From 06.04.2020 to 19.05.2020 in the State Institution «National Research Center forRadiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM) measurements of the contentof incorporated gamma radionuclides on whole body counters (WBC) operational class «Screener-3M» (Minimumdetected activity (MDA) is 300-500 Bq for 5 minutes of measurement at 137Cs) and expert high-sensitivity WBC (MDAis 20 Bq for 10 minutes of measurement at 137Cs). 470 people (523 measurements) in three groups of personnel ofthe SES of Ukraine who took part in the forest fire liquidation in the exclusion zone in the period from April 4 toMay 5, 2020 were examined. Mathematical and spectrometric methods are used in the work.In the vast majority (95 %) of the personnel of the SES of Ukraine, examined at the WBCoperational class «Screener-3M» (more than 500 measurements), the assessment of the values of the individualeffective dose of internal radiation due to 137Cs in the body during firefighting, assuming that it receipt occurredduring operation in the exclusion zone, did not exceed the minimum dose detected by MDD (5-14 μSv). The average value of the effective dose of internal radiation in the group of personnel of the State Emergency Service ofUkraine in Kyiv, which participated in the elimination of forest fires in the exclusion zone from April 4 to May 5, 2020(26 people) studied at the expert WBC, is 2.5 ± 1.1 μSv, in the group of personnel of the SES of Ukraine in Cherkasyregion, which participated in the fire on April 19-24, 2020 (9 people) - 2.2 ± 0.6 μSv, in the group of personnel ofthe SES of Ukraine in the Kyiv region, which took part in the elimination of the forest fire in the exclusion zone onApril 4 - May 5, 2020 (42 people) - 4.4 ± 2.4 μSv. Maximum values of 5.1 μSv, 3.5 μSv, 11.8 μSv in the groups ofKyiv city, Cherkasy and Kyiv regions, respectively, which is much lower than the basic dose limit for the populationfrom man-made sources of 1000 μSv · year-1 according to the Law of Ukraine about protection of the person againstinfluence of ionizing radiation.Meta: vyznachennia rivniv nadkhodzhennia radionuklidiv v organizm riatuval'nykiv Derzhavnoï sluzhby z nadzvychaĭnykh sytuatsiĭ (DSNS) pry gasinni pozhezhi u zoni vidchuzhennia ChAES ta otsinka dozy vnutrishn'ogo oprominennia, obumovlenoï tsym nadkhodzhenniam.Materialy i metody. Z 06.04.2020 r. po 19.05.2020 r. u Derzhavniĭ ustanovi «Natsional'nyĭ naukovyĭ tsentrradiatsiĭnoï medytsyny Natsional'noï akademiï medychnykh nauk Ukraïny» (NNTsRM) provedeno vymiriuvannia vmistuinkorporovanykh gamma-radionuklidiv na lichyl'nykakh vyprominiuvannia liudyny (LVL) operatyvnogo klasu«Skrynner-3M» (minimal'no-detektovana aktyvnist' (MDA) skladaie 300–500 Bk za 5 khvylyn vymiriuvannia po 137Cs)ta ekspertnomu vysokochutlyvomu LVL (MDA skladaie 20 Bk za 10 khvylyn vymiriuvannia po 137Cs). Obstezheno 470osib (523 vymiry) u tr'okh grupakh osobovogo skladu DSNS Ukraïny, iakyĭ brav uchast' u likvidatsiï lisovoï pozhezhi vzoni vidchuzhennia u period z 04 kvitnia po 05 travnia 2020 roku. V roboti vykorystano matematychni, spektrometrychni metody.Rezul'taty ta vysnovky. U perevazhnoï bil'shosti (95 %) osobovogo skladu DSNS Ukraïny, obstezhenykh na LVLoperatyvnogo klasu «Skrynner-3M» (ponad 500 vymiriv), otsinka znachen' indyvidual'noï efektyvnoï dozyvnutrishn'ogo oprominennia, obumovlenoï nadkhodzhenniam 137Cs v organizm pry gasinni pozhezhi, u prypushchenni, shcho tsenadkhodzhennia vidbulos' pid chas roboty u zoni vidchuzhennia, ne perevyshchyla minimal'nu dozu, shcho detektuiet'sia MDD(5–14 mkZv). Serednie znachennia efektyvnoï dozy vnutrishn'ogo oprominennia u grupi osobovogo skladu GU DSNSUkraïny v m. Kyievi, iakyĭ brav uchast' u likvidatsiï lisovoï pozhezhi v zoni vidchuzhennia 04 kvitnia – 05 travnia 2020 r.(26 osib), doslidzhenykh na ekspertnomu LVL, stanovyt' (2,5 ± 1,1) mkZv, u grupi osobovogo skladu DSNS Ukraïny uCherkas'kiĭ oblasti, iakyĭ brav uchast' u likvidatsiï pozhezhi 19–24 kvitnia 2020 r. (9 osib) – (2,2 ± 0,6) mkZv, u grupiosobovogo skladu GU DSNS Ukraïny u Kyïvs'kiĭ oblasti, iakyĭ brav uchast' u likvidatsiï lisovoï pozhezhi v zoni vidchuzhennia 04 kvitnia – 05 travnia 2020 r. (42 osoby) – (4,4 ± 2,4) mkZv. Maksymal'ni znachennia 5,1 mkZv, 3,5 mkZv,11,8 mkZv u grupakh m. Kyieva, Cherkas'koï ta Kyïvs'koï oblasteĭ vidpovidno, shcho znachno nyzhche, nizh osnovna dozova mezha dlia naselennia vid tekhnogennykh dzherel 1000 mkZv · rik-1 za Zakonom Ukraïny pro zakhyst liudyny vid vplyvu ionizuiuchogo vyprominiuvannia.

The role and place of health care facilities of the highly specialized (tertiary) level in radiation emergencies in the conditions of martial law are considered taking into account the experience of overcoming of the Chornobyl catas-trophe consequences. The classification of emergencies and the main scenarios of radiation emergencies (nuclear terrorism, radiation accidents and incidents, the use of nuclear weapons) are presented. The principles of medical preparedness and providing the highly specialized medical care in a radiological emergency are presented on the base of the Chornobyl catastrophe experience. It is determined that the tertiary health care facilities in a radiological emergency should provide as follow: development and implementation of plans and protocols of highly specialized medical care; organization, direct provision, coordination and quality control of the highly specialized medical care; aggregation and coordination of efforts of all three levels of health care facilities; integration into the radiation emergency management system, and analysis and generalization of the experience gained.Z urakhuvanniam dosvidu likvidatsiï naslidkiv Chornobyl's'koï katastrofy rozglianuti rol' i mistse zakladiv okhorony zdorov’ia vysokospetsializovanogo (tretynnogo) rivnia pry radiatsiĭnykh nadzvychaĭnykh sytuatsiiakh v umovakh voiennogo stanu. Navedena klasyfikatsiia nadzvychaĭnykh sytuatsiĭ i osnovni stsenariï radiatsiĭnykh nadzvychaĭnykh sytuatsiĭ (iadernyĭ teroryzm, radiatsiĭni avariï ta intsydenty, zastosuvannia iadernoï zbroï). Na dosvidi Chornobyl's'koï katastrofy navedeni pryntsypy zabezpechennia medychnoï gotovnosti ta nadannia vysokospetsializovanoï medychnoï dopomogy pry radiatsiĭniĭ nadzvychaĭniĭ sytuatsiï. Vyznacheno, shcho tretynni zaklady okhorony zdorov’ia pry radiatsiĭniĭ nadzvychaĭniĭ sytuatsiï zabezpechuiut': rozrobku i vykonannia planiv ta protokoliv nadannia vysokospetsializovanoï medychnoï dopomogy; organizatsiiu, bezposerednie nadannia, koordynatsiiu i kontrol' iakostinadannia vysokospetsializovanoï dopomogy; ob’iednannia i koordynatsiiu zusyl' vsikh tr'okh rivniv zakladiv okhorony zdorov’ia; integratsiiu do systemy upravlinnia radiatsiĭnoiu nadzvychaĭnoiu sytuatsiieiu ta analiz i uzagal'nennia otrymanogo dosvidu.

Objective of this work is revealing of main dose forming factors of internal doses for inhabitants of contaminated regions of Kyiv region relying on the results of integral dosimetric monitoring.Three villages have been chosen for the investigation. They are: Raghivka, Zelena Poliana (Poliske district), Karpylivka (Ivankiv district). Twice a year, in May and in October those villages' residents were inspected for content of incorporated 137Cs. They were measured by direct method at the place of residence with the help of whole body counters (WBC). The principal food samples were collected for detection of 90Sr and 137Сs content. Those villages' inhabitants were interviewed about food consumption levels. Mathematical, dosimetric and radio chemical methods were used in this workResults and conclusions. The estimation of internal doses due to intake of 137Cs by ingestion of milk and potatoes are in the range 0.3-34% of doses estimated on the base of WBC data. The contribution to the dose of internal expo sure from intake of 137Cs with the milk consumption is no more than two times higher than the contribution of pota toes consumption in the case of equal consumption levels of these products. Contributions to the dose of internal exposure from intake of 90Sr with milk and potatoes consumptions are approximately similar. Consumption of mush rooms and other wild nature products by inhabitants from the inspected settlements is the main forming factor of internal dose due to 137Cs intake.Metoiu doslidzhennia ie vyznachennia osnovnykh chynnykiv formuvannia dozy vnutrishn'ogo oprominennia u meshkantsiv radioaktyvno zabrudnenykh terytoriy KyIvs'koI oblasti za rezul'tatamy provedennia kompleksnogo dozymetrych nogo monitoryngu.Materialy i metody. Dlia doslidzhen' bulo obrano 3 naselenykh punkty (NP) – s. Ragivka, s. Zelena Poliana Polis'kogo rayonu ta s. Karpylivka Ivankivs'kogo rayonu. Dvichi na rik, u travni ta zhovtni, u meshkantsiv tsykh NP bulo provedeno vyznachennia vmistu inkorporovanogo 137Cs shliakhom priamogo vymiriuvannia na lichyl'nykakh vyp rominiuvannia liudyny (LVL) bezposeredn'o za mistsem prozhyvannia, zibrano osnovni produkty kharchuvannia dlia vyznachennia vmistu v nykh radionuklidiv 90Sr ta 137Ss, i provedeno opytuvannia meshkantsiv tsykh sil shchodo rivniv spo zhyvannia tsykh produktiv. V roboti vykorystano matematychni, dozymetrychni, radiokhimichni metody.Rezul'taty ta vysnovky. Otsinky dozy vnutrishn'ogo oprominennia vid nadkhodzhennia 137Cs z molokom ta kartopleiu skladaiut' vid 0,3 do 34 % vid dozy za danymy LVL. Vnesok u dozu vnutrishn'ogo oprominennia vid 137Cs za rakhunok spozhyvannia moloka ne bil'sh, nizh v 2 razy, perevyshchuie vnesok za rakhunok spozhyvannia kartopli pry odnakovykh rivniakh spozhyvannia tsykh produktiv. Vnesok u dozu vnutrishn'ogo oprominennia vid 90Sr za rakhunok spozhyvannia mo loka ta kartopli pryblyzno odnakovyy. Spozhyvannia grybiv ta inshykh mistsevykh produktiv dykoI pryrody meshkan tsiamy obstezhuvanykh naselenykh punktiv ie odnym z osnovnykh chynnykiv formuvannia dozy vnutrishn'ogo oprominen nia, obumovlenoI nadkhodzhenniam 137Cs.

This paper discusses the approaches to regulation of the content of radionuclides in commodities and compares the international and Ukrainian standards, which establish permissible levels of the content of radionuclides in food-stuffs produced in the Chornobyl-affected areas. The paper gives the actual monitoring data and discusses the main causes of differences between Ukrainian, European and international standards. The need for improvement of current approaches to the regulation of the content of radionuclides in commodities is highlighted.U statti proanalizovano pidhody do reguljuvannja vmistu radionuklidiv u produktah ta inshyh tovarah, a takozh zdijsneno porivnjannja dijuchyh mizhnarodnyh j ukrai'ns'kyh normatyviv, jaki obmezhujut' vmist radionuklidiv u produktah, vyroblenyh na postrazhdalyh vnaslidok avarii' na ChAES terytorijah. Rozgljanuto osnovni prychyny vidminnostej normatyvnyh dokumentiv ta navedeno faktychni dani suchasnogo stanu zabrudnennja produktiv vnaslidok avarii' na ChAES. Obg'runtovano neobhidnist' udoskonalennja najavnyh u sviti ta v Ukrai'ni pidhodiv i optymizacii' ukrai'ns'koi' normatyvnoi' bazy.