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This article describes a 63-year-old woman with a yellow-white mass in the inferior juxtapapillary region discovered on routine ocular examination. She was diagnosed as solitary idiopathic choroiditis (SIC) after an extensive ocular examination. SIC is a rare condition of unknown aetiology that can sometimes be mistaken as inflammatory processes or intraocular tumors. Solitary idiopathic choroiditis is suspected clinically and the diagnosis is established with multimodal imaging, so CIS has been renamed focal scleral nodule because of the scleral location.

A 56-year-old woman had an yellow-white retinal lesion superior to the optic disc. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated the mass with a snowball configuration and smooth surface. Autofluorescence disclosed revealed moderate hypoautofluorescence. Ultrasonography showed no calcification. Visual field examination showed an enlargement of the blind spot corresponding to the predominantly superotemporal juxtapapillary extension of the lesion. Eight months later, the lesion spontaneously resolved. Presumed solitary circumscribed retinal astrocytic proliferation (PSCRAP) is a benign stable retinal tumor, but PSCRAP has been reported to resolve spontaneously here. It differs from other white or yellow-white lesions of the retina in important ways that enable the ophthalmologist to reassure the patient as to its benign prognosis.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with dry eye disease or Sjogren's syndrome. Due to the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin D in eye diseases, it has been proposed to study the role of this vitamin in chronic dacryocystitis, which is an infectious and inflammatory process affecting the nasolacrimal system. Objective: Determine the association between vitamin D levels with the presence of chronic dacryocystititis.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study analyzed a sample of 40 individuals, of whom had been diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitis. Biochemical tests for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) were subjected to the entire sample. The difference in the means was calculated using the T-test for associated data. The reference significance value was 0.05.Results: Chronic dacryocystitis commonly occurs in the age group of 51 to 67 years. Women were more vulnerable to infection than men. No association was found between the presence of chronic dacriocystitis and vitamin D levels (p-0.755). It is recommended to use larger cohorts as well as multicenter studies evaluating this association, such as supplemental use of vitamin D on a large scale.Conclusions: Low vitamin D levels are not associated with the presence of chronic dacriocystitis.

A 3-year-old boy was referred with suspected leukocoria in the right eye, detected in all smartphone photographs taken by his parents. His medical and family history was unremarkable. The visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Eye examination revealed full motility and normal pupils. The ocular fundi and ultrasonography appeared normal. The child was looking to the left side in his photographs, away from the camera, and illuminating the nasal retina. In this circumstance, the optic nerve head acts as a diffuse reflector, reflecting the light out of the eye through the pupil. In the case of normal clinical findings in a child presenting leukocoria in smartphone photographs (photoleukocoria), the ophthalmologist should suspect the possibility of the described phenomenon avoiding other studies.

We present a case of a previously healthy 52-year-old woman with acute onset of scotomas in both eyes. It was associated with headache and vomiting for the past 1 week after a cold. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. The examination of bilateral fundus revealed a venous tortuosity and mild dilatation in the posterior pole, with pre- and intraretinal hemorrhages. However, vasculatures were normally straight in the mid-peripheral and peripheral retina of both eyes. Hemorrhages showed complete resolution without treatment. There was no change in the appearance and shape of the vasculature. Ophthalmologists should be aware of congenital venous tortuosity as a possible cause of retinal hemorrhages.

INTRODUCTION Most pituitary adenomas are clinically inactive. In patients with long-standing compression of the optic chiasm, ganglion cells may undergo axonal degeneration. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is able to identify retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell loss in the retina. We present a case in which SD-OCT was used to diagnose an asymptomatic pituitary macroadenoma. CLINICAL CASE A 48-year-old female presented with progressive vision loss in both eyes. SD-OCT identified atrophy of the ganglion cell and nerve layers, with preservation of outer layers bilaterally. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a pituitary macroadenoma. The pathological diagnosis was nonfunctioning adenoma. DISCUSSION As macroadenomas enlarge, they can induce uncrossed axon loss, resulting in nasal field defects and reduced visual acuity. In these cases, there is atrophy of the nasal and temporal portions of the optic disc, thus occupying a horizontal band across the disc. SD-OCT is able to identify RNFL loss in eyes with band atrophy of the optic nerve, which correlates with visual field defects found in perimetry. SD-OCT is a useful tool to assess the structural and functional damage of ganglion cells. In our case the SD-OCT demonstrated a symmetrical loss of the RNFL and the ganglion cell layer in both eyes, indicating important optic nerve damage.