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L'emprise est la réduction de l'autre au statut d'objet, l'anéantissement de sa subjectivité par le déni de ses besoins et désirs, au profit des siens propres. Elle passe par l'appropriation de l'autre, sa dépossession et sa domination. Exercée au sein du couple, elle se traduit par d'importantes violences psychologiques, parfois supplées de violences physiques et sexuelles qui participent à rendre la victime dépendante et dépourvue d'estime d'elle-même. L'emprise représente donc un enjeu majeur dans la lutte contre les violences conjugales dont les professionnels de soin, de la justice et du social doivent se saisir. Notion complexe, elle s'explique par divers mécanismes criminologiques et victimologiques. Certaines caractéristiques du fonctionnement psychologique, certains troubles psychiques et traits de la personnalité constituent des facteurs de risque à exercer l'emprise ou à en être victime. La qualité de la relation aux figures d'attachement, l'image de soi, l'accès à la mentalisation, le rapport aux émotions sont autant de facteurs représentant à la fois l'étiologie et les axes de prise en soin des victimes et auteurs d'emprise. Ici, nous proposons des pistes claires et concrètes pour comprendre le profil des victimes et auteurs d'emprise afin d'adapter au plus juste notre positionnement et la prise en charge, l'objectif étant d'offrir à nos patients la perspective d'un mode de relation à l'autre sain, et la possibilité pour les victimes de sortir de ce cycle destructeur. Nous pouvons tous, soignants, travailleurs sociaux et professionnels de la justice, contribuer, en synergie et en collaboration, au processus de reconstruction des victimes et à la prévention de la récidive des auteurs. Psychological domination is the reduction of the other person to the status of an object, the annihilation of their subjectivity by denying their needs and desires in favor of the dominator's own. It involves appropriating, dispossessing and dominating the other person. When it occurs within a couple, it takes the form of significant psychological violence, sometimes supplemented by physical and sexual violence which creates a strong dependency and affects the victim's self-esteem. Psychological control is therefore a major issue in the fight against domestic violence which healthcare, legal and social professionals must address. This complex concept can be explained by various criminological and victimological mechanisms. Certain characteristics of psychological functioning, psychological disorders and personality traits constitute risk factors that enable exercising such control or becoming a victim. The quality of the relationship with attachment figures, self-image, access to mentalization, and the relationship with emotions are all factors representing both the etiology and avenues of psychological care for victims and perpetrators of control. In this article, we propose clear and concrete guidelines for understanding the profile of both victims and perpetrators of psychological domination so that we can adapt our perspectives and treatment as accurately as possible. Our goal is to offer our patients the prospect of a healthy relationship with others, and the possibility for victims to break free from this destructive cycle. All of us – caregivers, social workers, and legal professionals – can work in synergy and collaboration to help victims rebuild their lives and prevent perpetrators from repeating their offenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les droits des victimes des crimes d’agression révèlent une facette bien particulière de la réparation. Très souvent à travers des nombreuses études, on a souvent relevé la complexité des réparations dues aux victimes des crimes internationaux et on a fait peu cas de victimes des crimes d’agression. C’est ainsi que pour mieux cerner la question et présenter les réponses idoines, il est impérieux de comprendre la complexité autour de l’exercice de la compétence du crime d’agression par la Cour Pénale Internationale, qui cache plusieurs craintes et inquiétudes à même de désamorcer les faiblesses du statut de Rome, en permettant le dénouement tant espérer de cette situation et d’espérer, enfin, le premier procès des victimes des crimes d’agression aboutir aux réparations.

El artículo contiene un análisis del Servicio de Atención Emergente a Víctimas indirectas de homicidio, desaparición y feminicidio (SAAEV) desarrollado por el gobierno municipal de Salamanca, Guanajuato en México entre el año 2021 y 2024. Este programa es único a nivel municipal por los retos que impone a la administración pública. El objetivo es describir sus principales características, contexto de violencia donde surgió, perfil de los usuarios e identificación de sus principales problemas. La intención es someterlo a un grupo de investigadores expertos de la Red Internacional ALEC para proponer un conjunto de recomendaciones, asesoría y apoyo en la construcción de políticas públicas replicables con impacto social.

La cohabitation entre les animaux domestiques, sauvage et les populations humaines est à l’origine de certains problèmes de santé publique majeurs dont la rage. Cette étude a révélé la faible connaissance des prestataires sur la prise en charge des victimes de morsures par des animaux suspects de rage et plus grave encore sur la connaissance de l’approche une santé en raison des résultats non satisfaisants obtenus lors de nos analyses par rapport au protocole conventionnel de l’OMS sur la prise en charge.

The authors report the forensic identification of the victims after the crash of the aircraft TJ TIM DHC-6-400 of the Nigerian company Caverton on May 11, 2022, in the locality of Bibey (District located 259 km from the capital Yaoundé). 11 occupants were on board, including 2 crew members The human remains brought to the morgue of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé were recovered by the gendarmes with the help of the local populations. At the request of the National Gendarmerie, a college of forensic doctors wasset up to carry out operations to identify human remains with a view to returning the remainsto the families. 9 victims were identified by DNA typing. The other 2 were examined by macroscopic examination and by personal effects. At the end of the investgations, we put emphasis on the importance of multidisciplinary management for the identification of victims of disasters and the establishment of an adequate framework for the conduct of forensic investigations in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Annals of Criminology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lublin Studies in Modern Languages & Literature / Lubelskie Materialy Neofilologiczne is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Department of German & Applied Linguistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recherches Feministes is the property of Groupe de Recherche et d'Echange Multidisciplinaires Feministes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La notion de harcèlement scolaire, qui est la traduction de school-bullying , est un concept récent. On parle de harcèlement scolaire lorsqu'un élève est soumis, de manière répétée et à long terme, à des comportements intentionnellement agressifs visant à lui porter préjudice, le blesser, le mettre en difficulté et établir une relation dominant-dominé de la part d'un ou plusieurs élèves. L'échec de la dynamique de groupe, l'incapacité à verbaliser ses émotions, la difficulté à se mettre à la place de l'autre sont des éléments clés dans le harcèlement scolaire. Ce phénomène touche 15 à 20 % des élèves en incluant victimes et harceleurs. Les conséquences psychologiques sont dramatiques avec, à court terme, des symptômes de stress post-traumatiques, des syndromes anxiodépressifs, un retrait scolaire anxieux et, à plus long terme, les séquelles psychologiques se manifestent par des dépressions pouvant aller jusqu'au suicide. Les répercussions du harcèlement scolaire sont très sérieuses, car il survient à un âge où le jeune est en pleine construction identitaire au sein d'un groupe de pairs. La prévention se développe de plus en plus dans les établissements scolaires et permet de limiter le phénomène, mais sa reconnaissance doit se poursuivre. L'intervention précoce et la mise en place d'un suivi adapté sont nécessaires pour accompagner tant les victimes que les agresseurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crime detection of sexual violence needs to be optimized and improved. This study aims to substantiate, elaborate, and apply in practice the method of a transformed interview (based on mathematical modeling) to obtain information about sexual violence. For the first time the transformed-interview method was used while studying the hidden (latent) victims of sexual violence who do not want to report a crime to law enforcement agencies because they do not want the fact of violence against them to be made public. Participated 2570 Ukrainian women of different social status, 16-35 years old. It was found that the increase of intermediaries during the information transmission reduces reliability of the information about crimes against the person's sexual inviolability. While investigating such types of crimes the needed information can be obtained with a higher degree of reliability not from the victim, but from her closest surroundings. The transformed-interview method proved to be an effective tool to extract the information related to the behavior of both the offender and his victim. This method shows reliability and makes it possible to reduce the latency of most crimes in the situation of the victim's refusal to testify at the re-trial investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Annals of Criminology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on xenophobic violence have mainly focused on their causes and effects, but have yet to probe how victimisation experiences of xenophobia trigger migration intentions and actual practices. In a balance of tales, I examine how families contributed to staying put/return decisions by Nigerian migrants in South Africa following the September 2019 xenophobic violence. The study asks: to what extent do family facilitate and/or contribute to the decision to return? And how do return strategies unveil the centrality of family in taking migration decisions? Data emerged through online interviews with Nigerian immigrants in South Africa who stayed put, and six family members in Nigeria were reached through snowball sampling. This was supplemented with secondary interviews conducted with Nigerian returnees in three National newspapers (The Punch , Vanguard , Nigerian Tribune and The Nation newspapers). Findings show the centrality of family in both migration intentions, staying-put, and the actual practices of Nigerian victims of xenophobia in South Africa. Résumé: Les études sur les violences xénophobes se sont majoritairement concentrées sur les causes et les effets de celles-ci. Pourtant, il reste à décrire comment les expériences de victimisation xénophobe peuvent être à l' origine des intentions voire des prises de décision de rentrer au pays. A travers des récits, j' ai étudié la manière dont des familles ont contribué à la décision de migrants nigérians en Afrique du sud de rester/rentrer suite aux violences xénophobes de septembre 2019. Cet article pose la question suivante : dans quelle mesure la famille joue-t-elle un rôle dans la prise de décision du retour ? Et comment les stratégies de retour mettent au jour la place centrale de celle-ci dans les décisions migratoires ? Les données provenant d' entretiens en ligne avec des migrants nigérians en Afrique du sud qui sont restés sur place et six membres de leurs famille au Nigéria. Des entretiens secondaires avec des migrants nigérians rentrés chez eux dans quatre journaux nationaux (The Punch, Vanguard, Nigerian Tribune et The Nation) ont complété ce tableau. Les recherches ont établi la centralité de la famille dans les intentions migratoires, – rester –, et les actions réelles posées par les victimes nigérianes de xénophobie en Afrique du sud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Questo articolo cerca di riflettere sulle organizzazioni narrative e discorsive della violenza, proponendo una tipologia semiotica che prende in considerazione due fasi specifiche che corrispondono grosso modo alle categorie di violenza privata vs. pubblica, o collettiva, che hanno diverse Destinazione e forme di Agency.Nel primo caso, esamineremo l’oggetto verso cui è diretta l’azione violenta; nel secondo, le giustificazioni retoriche che il soggetto violento adotta rispetto alla propria azione. Tra le diverse forme di violenza privata, considereremo quelle che sono dirette contro un oggetto individuale. È il caso, per esempio, della violenza domestica, dove un marito che uccide la moglie attiva un sistema di passioni specificamente diretto verso l’oggetto; della violenza verso un oggetto generico, come le azioni su individui considerati come istanze di un certo tipo generale (gruppi minoritari, comunità lgbtqi, ecc.); e della violenza in sé, che non ha un oggetto definito a priori. Nella seconda parte, discuteremo della violenza collettiva, e in particolare delle forme retoriche con cui gli autori giustificano le loro azioni. Analizzeremo anche le diverse strategie enunciative che vengono utilizzate per trasformare le azioni violente in comportamenti giustificabili.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines domestic violence as the deliberate use of force, power and threats against a person or group of people to bring about death or physical injury. This abusive behavior is used to gain or maintain control over the other intimate partner or family member. It usually results in physical, psychological, emotional sexual or economic harm. Most perpetrators are spouses and close family members. It cuts across different spheres of the society and can occur in couples; heterosexual, or homosexual and also between parents and children (child abuse). Research reported that out of 1394 men that partook in the 2016 representative sample of the South African Demographic and Health Survey, 50% of them were perpetrators of domestic violence in their own homes. Sadly, domestic violence has caused a lot of havoc in several families and life of individuals, these range from psychological trauma, anxiety, use of drugs, alcohol and other harmful substances, physical pain, emotional trauma, homelessness, economic crisis, to low self-esteem and death amongst other effects. The aim of our research is to understand the contributing factors of domestic violence in South Africa and to also add to the growing body of knowledge of domestic violence in the country and the region. Deducing from this conclusion, we can recommend that government should focus more on girl child education till tertiary level and women empowerment in terms of job creation to help reduce the occurrence of domestic violence in our society. Population scientists Tomiwa Fapohunda and Phathutshedzo Masiagwala and Professor demographer Nancy Stiegler from the University of Western Cape discuss in this interview the prevalence, population group, age, occupation, marital status, education attainment of the victims of domestic violence, with a view to establish factors that causes domestic violence in South-Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Annals of Criminology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La importància del retorn de població emigrant rau en el fet que en gairebé tots els projectes migratoris es té present la tornada. La investigació d’aquest fenomen no és de les més prolífiques, encara que aquest esdevé especialment interessant quan té lloc en un context de conflicte i en el marc de processos de restitució de terres a persones que prèviament han estat desplaçades i que tornen al seu lloc d’origen o que desitgen fer-ho. Aquesta circumstància és la que s’analitza en el cas de la finca El Carpintero, del municipi de Cabuyaro (departament del Meta). La recerca se centra en l’anàlisi qualitativa de documents de naturalesa diferent, i és especialment nova la dels vídeos dels processos judicials. Aquesta anàlisi s’ha desenvolupat amb el programa assistit d’estudi de dades CADQAS, en concret Atlas.ti, que permet —com algun dels resultats— identificar els objectes i els actors que, en els processos de retorn, determinen conflictes en la restitució de terres.

Copyright of International Annals of Criminology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Annals of Criminology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza is the property of Societa Italiana di Vittimologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hate crimes are notoriously under-reported, and the present research explores possible etiological factors for this phenomenon in a national Canadian sample. Controlling for demographic and off ence characteristics, the research shows that victims who had prior experiences with police discrimination were significantly less likely to report hate crimes to police compared to victims of non-hate-based crimes. Additionally, victims experienced hate crimes in a more intersectional way than is typically reflected in police reports, as victims tended to interpret the offence as targeting multiple overlapping identities rather than a solitary hate motivation. Th ese fi ndings reflect the unique nature of hate-motivated off ences, whose victims may find it futile to report bias-motivated offences to a police force whom they believe is itself biased. These results suggest possible opportunities to improve reporting of offences and relations between police and marginalized communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affectée à la Brigade de Protection des Mineurs (BPM) depuis vingt-trois ans, le Commandant de police Lydie Saint-Louboue, officier particulièrement investie dans la matière « Mineurs » qu'elle maîtrise parfaitement, exerce depuis quinze ans au sein du groupe Internet dont elle a pris la tête en décembre 2016. À cette occasion, après une présentation rapide de son service et son groupe (1), le Commandant Saint-Louboue s'est attachée à décrire les phénomènes de cyberharcèlement touchant les mineurs dont son groupe pouvait être saisi (2), à présenter les cybervictimes (3) et les cyberdélinquants (4), ainsi que la lutte contre le cyberharcèlement et les difficultés rencontrées (5). Assigned to the Brigade for the Protection of Minors (BPM) for twenty-three years, Police Commander Lydie Saint Louboue, an officer Particularly invested in the subject "Minors" which she masters perfectly, has been practicing for fifteen years within the Internet group including she took the lead in December 2016. On this occasion, after a quick presentation of his service and his group (1), Commander Saint Louboue set out to describe the phenomena of cyberbullying affecting minors, which his group could be seized of (2), to present the cybervictimes (3) and cybercriminals (4), as well as the fight against cyberbullying and the difficulties encountered (5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: L'objectif de cet article est de divulguer des résultats de recherches exploratoires sur le rapport entre le système judiciaire canadien et les victimes d'actes criminels dans le contexte de la détermination de la peine. De manière plus précise, l'auteur s'intéresse au processus de mise en forme des attentes des victimes qui opère à ce stade des procédures judiciaires. Pour observer ces mises en forme, l'auteur s'appuie sur des décisions judiciaires qui ont été rendues par les tribunaux canadiens. À partir de son corpus empirique, l'auteur décrit comment certaines attentes victimaires sont plus audibles que d'autres et comment leur intégration dans le processus de détermination de la peine varie en fonction du type d'attente et des circonstances à l'intérieur desquelles elles émergent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As from 2011, the Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (National Centre of Historical Memory) has become a location for the official enunciation of memory in Colombia, consolidating itself as an institutional space which fosters an extensive reconstruction of historical memory. However, the Victim's Law, which created this centre and commissioned it to create, design, and manage a museum of memory, did not envision an institutional support structure for the places dedicated to memory in the country. The changes in political administration have jeopardized its work, resulting in important drawbacks in terms of victim participation, visibilization, research orientation, and financing. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this paper is to reflect, from the process of the construction and management of the Colombian Historical Memory Museum (2012-2019), upon how the changes in government affected the way in which memory is constructed from institutional locations. The pertinence of this approach is that said institution will become the most important landmark of representation of the memories of the armed conflict. It is hoped that it will be a central reference, as a symbolic official location regarding what is constructed, narrated and disseminated as the collective memory of the armed conflict in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente trabajo* realiza un acercamiento teórico a los malos tratos a la Tercera Edad desde la perspectiva del Derecho penal, y de la Criminología. El análisis de los delitos de los que pueden ser sujetos pasivos, no plantea a priori problemas. Sin embargo, del estudio estadístico de la victimización de adultos mayores en España, es difícil extraer datos por la escasa cuantificación de los delitos realizados contra adultos mayores, sobre todo frente a otros análisis, como el de la delincuencia que se dirige a mujeres o a niños. Es necesario, por tanto, realizar una aproximación decidida a la visibilización del fenómeno de la violencia contra los adultos mayores. Dicha percepción redundará en una disminución de una de sus mayores vulnerabilidades, la invisibilidad.* Investigación realizada en el marco del proyecto “Crisis del Derecho penal del Estado de Derecho: Manifestaciones y tendencias” financiado por la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (Ref.: SBPLY/17/180501/000223).

Cette étude vise à explorer les réactions et stratégies mises en place par les victimes et par leur entourage (pairs, enseignants, parents) pour faire face au harcèlement scolaire, en combinant deux perspectives théoriques distinctes mais complémentaires : les stratégies de coping et la Participant Role Approach (Salmivalli, 2010). L'analyse de 32 entretiens rétrospectifs montre que loin de rester passives, les victimes tentent généralement une diversité de réponses face au harcèlement. Si certaines stratégies peuvent améliorer leur état émotionnel, la plupart n'ont toutefois pas d'impact sur le harcèlement lui-même. Par ailleurs, les réactions des adultes sont souvent jugées inadéquates. Il semble néanmoins primordial de ne pas laisser les victimes seules face au problème, car elles sont prises dans un cycle d'impuissance qui les épuise. Une série d'implications pratiques sont présentées au sujet du soutien et de l'accompagnement des victimes ainsi que des interventions concrètes visant à mettre fin au harcèlement. The negative consequences faced by students who are victims of school bullying are clearly documented. Nevertheless, few studies have examined victim's reactions and strategies to cope with bullying. Yet a better understanding of these reactions would allow a better support from health professionals and to improved prevention actions. This study aims to explore the victim's coping strategies through the content-analysis of 32 interviews conducted with former victims. Given their decisive influence on the bullying's situation, spontaneous or requested reactions of peers, teachers and parents are examined as well. To include these two aspects in a common theoretical framework, this research proposes to combine two distinct approaches: the coping strategies and the Participant Role Approach (Salmivalli, 2010; Salmivalli et al., 1996). The efficiency of each highlighted strategy is analysed and discussed regarding current scientific knowledge. Results suggest that victims generally experiment a large panel of reactions and strategies to cope with bullying. Nevertheless, few of these strategies seem to have an effect on bullying itself, but some can improve the emotional well-being of the victims. Victims who attempted to be liked by their bullies by changing their own behaviour reported no improvement of their relations with the bullies, neither did the ones who used humour in order to get closer to bullies. Bullies didn't get tired when victims passively endured the bullying, hoping that it would stop by itself. Stand up (verbally or physically) to the bully led to increased bullying (one situation excepted). Physical avoidance of bullies (e.g. staying in classroom during playtimes) allowed some victims to temporarily reduce their emotional distress. Several victims experimented positive interactions with peers in extra-curricular activities (e.g. sport, art, scouting) that helped them recovering confidence in their social skills. Most of victims sought social support at one point of the bullying time. The efficiency of this strategy entirely belongs to the warned person's reaction and is thus highly variable. Based on participants' report, only increased connectedness with a peer could have an impact on the bullying behaviour through a better integration in the peer-group. On the contrary, parents and teachers' reactions are often perceived by the victims as not appropriate and as leading to a worse situation. In terms of practical implications, these results highlight the importance of raising teachers and parents' awareness of the bullying, as well as the significance of the peers group dynamic. Following-up any bullying situation observed or reported in the school would probably help ensuring relevant interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depuis le début des années 2000, période où a commencé l'envoi systématique en thérapie des enfants victimes on assiste peu à peu à une dérive. La prescription aux victimes d'aller se soigner est faite par n'importe quelle autorité (de l'enquêteur au médecin généraliste ou à l'éducateur), sans analyse du besoin et parfois sur un fondement erroné. C'est une situation rarement commentée par les cliniciens, pourtant très attachés au consentement du patient. Or, nombre d'enfants, d'adolescents ou victimes adultes résistent aux soins psychiques, alors même que la souffrance est présente. Cette injonction à « en parler » comme démarche indispensable pose cependant des questions autant éthiques que cliniques et notamment tend à effacer, par exemple, la complexité du traumatisme des victimes d'agressions sexuelles. Dans cet article, nous nous efforçons de poser sur le mode clinique la question de la préparation à la thérapie et l'objet de celle-ci, qui ne devrait pas être de forcer en quelque sorte le sujet à « en parler », mais à reprendre sa place de sujet acteur de sa propre vie. Since the beginning of the 2000s, when the systematic sending of child victims into therapy began, there has gradually been a drift. The prescription for victims to go to treatment is made by any authority (police officer, family doctor, educator and so on), without analysis of the need and sometimes on an erroneous basis. This is a situation rarely commented on by clinicians, yet very attached to the consent of the patient. Many children, adolescents and adult victims are resistant to psychiatric care, even though suffering is present. This order to "talk about it" as an essential step, however, raises both ethical and clinical questions, and in particular tends to erase, for example, the complexity of the trauma of victims of sexual assault. In this article we try to ask about the clinical mode of therapy preparation and the purpose of therapy, which should not be to somehow force the subject to "talk about it" but to take back his place as a subject actor of his own life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of a research carried out in the region of Bojayá, Chocó (Colombia) during the years 2016 and 2017. From a series of interviews and a field diary, it presents a psychoanalytic reading of the social and psychic effects of one of the most violent events of the Colombian armed conflict. The reflexion on the empirical findings is structured around three topics: the psychoanalytic conception of trauma as a Real impossible to represent; the configuration of the victim identity in this region, formerly forgotten, as a form of being inscribed in the Other; and the interventions proposed by the subjects-victims to approach the impossible to say that inhabits the trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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