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El objetivo fue identificar y caracterizar el tipo de productores de conejos en los estados del centro de México con base a factores sociales, productivos, tecnológicos, económicos y de eficiencia, con el fin de generar información para el diseño de recomendaciones de apoyo a la cunicultura. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 155 unidades de producción de conejos (UPC) de donde se obtuvo información socioeconómica, productiva, económica, uso de infraestructura y de componentes tecnológicos, de la cual se definieron 14 variables originales, con las que se obtuvo la estratificación de los cunicultores aplicando métodos multivariados. Para la caracterización y comparación de los grupos resultantes se realizó un análisis de varianza bajo un modelo completamente aleatorio para las variables continuas y una prueba de homogeneidad para las variables categóricas. Se detectaron cuatro factores que explican el 67.5 % de la variación total y que por las cargas factoriales de las variables analizadas se llamaron: 1) capacidad productiva de la UPC, 2) capacidad técnica de la UPC, 3) capacidades del cunicultor y 4) eficiencia técnica de la UPC. Se identificaron tres tipos de productores; pequeño cunicultor familiar (37 %), mediano cunicultor familiar (50 %) y cunicultor empresarial (13 %). La tipología obtenida puede ser útil para contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas diferenciadas de apoyo a la cunicultura, que incidan en una mayor eficiencia y productividad de unidades de producción de conejos en los estados del centro del país. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from 241 interviews collected in 2013 was analyzed to characterize populations of pigs (Mexican Hairless Pig (MH), Cuino Pig (CU) and Crossbred Pig (UD)). Variables were body weight (BW), head length (HL), body length (BL), thoracic perimeter (CG), height at withers (HW), croup width (RW), number of nipples (TC), dense or sparse hair (HD), presence or absence of tusks (TU), short or long snout (ST), upright or floppy ears (ER), calm or restless temperament (TM), proportionality index (PI), body index (BI) and relative weight index (RWI). Analyses were carried out with GLM and GENMOD of SAS. Models included state and population. Population was significant (P<0.05) for BW, BL, CG, HW, RW, TU, TM, PI, BI and RWI. Coefficients of variation (VC) showed the minor and major values for BW (18.8 %) and CG (27.8 %). VC were 13.0, 14.6 and 45.8 % for PI, BI and RWI. Least squares means for MH, CU and UD were: 48.06±6.17a, 35.93±3.04b and 61.11±7.42a kg (BW); 77.81±3.65ab, 69.56±2.02a and 88.52±4.93b cm (BL); 80.55±3.98ab, 71.72±2.20a and 93.23±5.37b cm (CG); 56.88±2.45ab, 51.26±1.36a and 60.32±3.31b cm (HW); 57±4a, 71±19b and 62±34a % (HD); 68±31ab, 70±14a and 61±27b% (TU); 65±30a, 56±12b and 62±3a% (TM). The MH and UD populations were similar in morphometry and different from the CU population. The CU population showed lower weight, smaller size and calmer temperament. The characterization of these populations is important for designing strategies for their conservation and efficient use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to evaluate some morphological characteristics of backyard turkeys (n=248) coming from 126 rural production units located in 75 municipalities of 24 States of the Mexican Republic. The statistical model included sex, state, and municipality within state. The three explanatory variables affected all the response variables (P<0.01), except municipality, which did not affect breast circumference (P>0.05). Male turkeys had greater (P<0.001) body length (10.7 cm more), wingspan (11.4 cm more), breast circumference (13.8 cm more), shank length (2.5 cm more), body weight (2.5 kg more), stockiness (9.0 percentage units more) and massiveness (2.8 percentage units more) than female turkeys. Body weight showed to be highly correlated phenotypically (P<0.01) with breast circumference in both males (r=0.74) and females (r=0.71). Body length was lowly correlated with shank length (r=0.25; P<0.01) in males, but it was not correlated with shank length in females (r=0.05; P>0.05). Body weight increased 143 g in males (P<0.01) and 113 g in females (P<0.01) for each centimeter increment in breast circumference. The predominant colors in the plumage, skin and tarsus were black, white and brown, respectively. The Mexican backyard turkey presented significant sexual dimorphism and strong phenotypic correlation between breast circumference and body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this document, the aim was to gather the experiences obtained with the GGAVATT model since its creation. The results, experiences, and impacts of the development and implementation of this model, reported in secondary sources, were evaluated. Five stages were identified: laying the foundations (1970 - 1982), model development (1983 - 1989), model validation (1990 - 1996), national expansion (1997 - 2007), and adaptation and survival (2008 - to date). Here present the results obtained in each of these stages and the participation in different projects associated with official programs in the different Mexican States. In all the projects where the GGAVATT methodology has been appropriately applied, the technical, economic, social, and ecological results have been positive. At this point, it is know the success factors that provide good results. Therefore, it has a strategy that could be very useful in improving the current situation of small and medium-scale livestock producers in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to evaluate some morphological characteristics of backyard chickens (n=255) coming from 65 rural production units located in 52 municipalities of 18 States of the Mexican Republic. The statistical model included sex, state, and municipality within state. Sex affected all the response variables (P<0.0001), except massiveness index (P=0.3369). State affected all the response variables (P<0.0001) and municipality was only important for wingspan (P<0.0001), body weight (P<0.0271) and stockiness index (P<0.0267). Male chickens had greater (P<0.0001) body length (4.85 cm more), wingspan (5.66 cm more), breast circumference (2.94 cm more), shank length (1.73 cm more), body weight (0.65 kg more) and massiveness index (0.99 percentage points) than female chickens. Body weight increased 126 g (P<0.01) in males and 61 g in females (P<0.01) for each centimeter increment in breast circumference. Body weight showed to be moderately correlated (P<0.01) with body length (r= 0.65), wing span (r= 0.49), length of the shank (r= 0.67) and highly correlated with breast circumference (r= 0.76 in males). The Mexican backyard chicken presented significant morphological differences between males and females for traits studied, except for massiveness index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to conduct a typology of dual purpose cattle farms in the state of Sinaloa, using social, economic and technological variables. Information of 1,165 system producing dual purpose of Sinaloa who participated in the support program SAGARPA 2010 to 2011 were analyzed. Through the use of principal component analysis, cluster analysis and variance analysis were identified and characterized four types of farms; small farms (67 %), medium farms (24 %), large livestock farms (7 %), and large farms with business potential (2 %). The typology obtained can be useful for generating differentiated public policies that increase the use of technological innovations to obtain greater efficiency and productivity of dual cattle purpose in Sinaloa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el desempeño de la cadena productiva de la leche de vaca en el estado de Hidalgo, e identificar sus factores críticos. Para ello se utilizó muestreo estadístico (Muestreo de proporciones de varianza máxima); se entrevistaron proveedores de insumos, productores lecheros, encargados de centros de acopio, de industrias y a consumidores urbanos y rurales. El modelo de la cadena de leche para Hidalgo fue definido, se identificaron factores críticos por cada uno de los eslabones y factores críticos de impacto transversal (asistencia técnica, tecnología agropecuaria, financiamiento, organización, integración, calidad, dominio de tecnología de procesamiento y alta competencia con productos de marcas líderes). A partir del análisis de la interrelación entre segmentos se evaluó el flujo de materiales (concentrado y forraje) y de capital que tiene la cadena. El flujo de concentrado anual fue de 59,260 t, el de forraje de 770,035 t y una producción total de leche de 411′105,000 L, de la cual el 41 % va destinada a la industria de pasteurización, 56,3 % a industria de transformación de queso y 2.7 % se vende como leche bronca. Por el lado del capital, se estimó un valor total de $1,360.6 millones pesos de la leche como materia prima contra $2,642.9 millones que paga el consumidor final de leche pasteurizada, leche bronca y quesos frescos. El método utilizado resultó útil para la identificación de factores críticos y análisis integral de flujos de capital y material de una cadena productiva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the milk agrifood chain in the state of Hidalgo and to identify its critical factors. A statistical sample (maximum variance proportions) was applied; and interviews were conducted with input from suppliers, milk producers, milk collection centers and processing industry managers and both rural and urban consumers. The milk agrifood chain model for Hidalgo was established and critical factors for every link and also those having transversal impact (technical assistance, livestock technology, financial aspects, organization, integration, quality, processing technology knowledge and high competition with leading brands) were identified. From chain components interrelation analysis materials (forage and concentrate) and capital flow inside the chain was assessed. Annual concentrate flow was estimated at 59,260 t, that of forage at 770,035 t, and milk production of 411′105,000 L, of which 41 % was pasteurized, 56.3 % used by the cheese industry and 2.7 % sold as raw milk. With reference to the flow of capital, $MX 1,360.6 million was estimated as the raw material value and consumers paid $MX 2,642.9 million for the finished products (pasteurized and raw milk and fresh cheese). The method applied was useful to identify critical factors and a comprehensive capital and materials flow within the milk agrifood chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]