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We present the MaNGA Dwarf galaxy, MaNDala, Value-Added-Catalog, VAC, from the final release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV program. MaNDala consists of 136 randomly selected bright dwarf galaxies with $M_{*}<10^{9.1}\odot$ and $M_{g}>-18.5$ making it the largest Integral Field Spectroscopy homogeneous sample of dwarf galaxies. We release a photometric analysis of the $g,r$ and $z$ broadband imaging based on the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys as well as the spectroscopic analysis based on the Pipe3D SDSS-IV VAC. Our release includes the surface brightness (SB), geometric parameters and color profiles, S\'ersic fits as well as stellar population properties (such as, stellar ages, metallicities, star formation histories), and emission lines fluxes within the FOV and the effective radii of the galaxies. We find that the majority of the MaNDala galaxies are star forming late-type galaxies with $\langle{}n_{\text{Sersic,r}}\rangle\sim1.6$ that are centrals (central/satellite dichotomy). MaNDala covers a large range of SB values (we find 11 candidates of ultra diffuse galaxies and 3 compact ones), filling the gap between classical dwarfs and low-mass galaxies in the Kormendy Diagram and in the size-mass/luminosity relation, whichseems to flatten at $10^82$, while the last $20\%$ was at $\langle{}z\rangle<0.3$. Finally, a bending of the sSFR-$M_{*}$ relation at $M_{*}\sim10^{9}\odot$ for the main sequence galaxies seems to be supported by MaNDala., Comment: 29 pages, 17 figures. Accepted to appear in The Astronomical Journal

We present a detailed visual morphological classification for the 4614 MaNGA galaxies in SDSS Data Release 15, using image mosaics generated from a combination of r-band (SDSS and deeper DESI Legacy Surveys) images and their digital post-processing. We distinguish 13 Hubble types and identify the presence of bars and bright tidal debris. After correcting the MaNGA sample for volume completeness, we calculate the morphological fractions, the bi-variate distribution of type and stellar mass M*-where we recognise a morphological transition "valley" around S0a-Sa types- and the variations of the g-i colour and luminosity-weighted age over this distribution. We identified bars in 46.8% of galaxies, present in all Hubble types later than S0. This fraction amounts to a factor ~2 larger when compared with other works for samples in common. We detected 14% of galaxies with tidal features, with the fraction changing with M* and morphology. For 355 galaxies, the classification was uncertain; they are visually faint, mostly of low/intermediate masses, low concentrations, and disky in nature. Our morphological classification agrees well with other works for samples in common, though some particular differences emerge, showing that our image procedures allow us to identify a wealth of added value information as compared to SDSS-based previous estimates. Based on our classification, we also propose an alternative criteria for the E-S0 separation, in the structural semi-major to semi-minor axis versus bulge to total light ratio (b/a-B/T) and concentration versus semi-major to semi-minor axis (C-b/a) space., Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

In a previous paper [JCAP06, 033 (2018)] we have proved that it is possible to have a stable false vacuum in a potential that is unbounded from below. In this paper we discuss the Physics related to our theoretical and numerical results. We show that the results of recent CERN experiments lead to the fact that our vacuum is safe. We present a new mechanism, where the space-time dimension plays an important role, that explains why our Universe is stable. We provide new evidence that supports a process for the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry recently introduced by other scientists. We examine confinement in the context of escape problems. We discuss multiverse, string theory landscape, and extra-dimensions using our framework. Finally, we use our solutions to introduce some hypotheses about Dark Matter and Dark Energy., Comment: Published in Brazilian Journal of Physics, 2020

Two major problems in modern cities are air contamination and road congestion. They are closely related and present a similar origin: traffic flow. To face these problems, local governments impose traffic restrictions to prevent the entry of vehicles into sensitive areas, with the final aim of dropping down air pollution levels. However, these restrictions force drivers to look for alternative routes that usually generate congestions, implying both longer travel times and higher levels of air pollution. In this work, combining optimal control of partial differential equations and computational modelling, we formulate a multi-objective control problem with air pollution and drivers' travel time as objectives and look for its optimal solutions in the sense of Stackelberg. In this problem, local government (the leader) implements traffic restrictions meanwhile the set of drivers (the follower) acts choosing travel preferences against leader constraints. Numerically, the discretized problem is solved by combining genetic-elitist algorithms and interior-point methods, and computational results for a realistic case posed in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (Mexico) are shown., Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, 3 algorithms, research paper

We investigate a new dynamical system that describes tumor-host interaction. The equation that describes the untreated tumor growth is based on non-extensive statistical mechanics. Recently, this model has been shown to fit successfully exponential, Gompertz, logistic, and power-law tumor growths. We have been able to include as many hallmarks of cancer as possible. We study also the dynamic response of cancer under therapy. Using our model, we can make predictions about the different outcomes when we change the parameters, and/or the initial conditions. We can determine the importance of different factors to influence tumor growth. We discover synergistic therapeutic effects of different treatments and drugs. Cancer is generally untreatable using conventional monotherapy. We consider conventional therapies, oncogene-targeted therapies, tumor-suppressors gene-targeted therapies, immunotherapies, anti-angiogenesis therapies, virotherapy, among others. We need therapies with the potential to target both tumor cells and the tumors' microenvironment. Drugs that target oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes can be effective in the treatment of some cancers. However, most tumors do reoccur. We have found that the success of the new therapeutic agents can be seen when used in combination with other cancer-cell-killing therapies. Our results have allowed us to design a combinational therapy that can lead to the complete eradication of cancer., Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures

We investigate the bounce solutions in vacuum decay problems. We show that it is possible to have a stable false vacuum in a potential that is unbounded from below., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

We prove the existence of an infinite number of internal (shape) modes of sine-Gordon solitons in the presence of some inhomogeneous long-range forces, provided some conditions are satisfied., Comment: 10 pages

Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) is known to produce surface nanopatterns over macroscopic areas on a wide range of materials. However, in spite of the technological potential of this route to nanostructuring, the physical process by which these surfaces self-organize remains poorly under- stood. We have performed detailed experiments of IBS on Si substrates that validate dynamical and morphological predictions from a hydrodynamic description of the phenomenon. Our results elucidate flow of a nanoscopically thin and highly viscous surface layer, driven by the stress created by the ion-beam, as a description of the system. This type of slow relaxation is akin to flow of macroscopic solids like glaciers or lead pipes, that is driven by defect dynamics., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

A new catalog of isolated galaxies from The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (DR5) is presented. 1520 isolated galaxies were found in 1.4 steradians of sky. The selection criteria in this so called UNAM-KIAS catalog was implemented from a variation on the criteria developed by Karachentseva 1973 including full redshift information. Through an image processing pipeline that takes advantage from the high resolution (~ 0.4 ''/pix) and high dynamic range of the SDSS images, a uniform g band morphological classification for all these galaxies is presented. We identify 80% (SaSm) spirals (50% later than Sbc types) on one hand, and a scarce population of early-type E(6.5%) and S0(8%) galaxies amounting to 14.5% on the other hand. This magnitude-limited catalog is ~ 80% complete at 16.5, 15.6, 15.0, 14.6 and 14.4 magnitudes in the ugriz bands respectively. Some representative physical properties including SDSS magnitudes and color distributions, color-color diagrams, absolute magnitude-color, and concentration-color diagrams as a function of morphological type are presented. The UNAM-KIAS Morphological Atlas is also released along with this paper. For each galaxy of type later than Sa, a mosaic is presented that includes: (1) a g-band logarithmic image, (2) a g band filtered-enhanced image where a Gaussian kernel of various sizes was applied and (3) an RGB color image from the SDSS database. For E/S0/Sa galaxies, in addition to the images in (1), (2) and (3), plots of r band surface brightness and geometric profiles (ellipticity, Position Angle PA and A4/B4 coefficients of the Fourier series expansions of deviations of a pure ellipse) are provided..., Comment: 40 pages, 17 figures and 3 tables

We present a revaluation of the optical morphology for 549 galaxies from the Catalog of Isolated Galaxies (Karachentseva 1973) that are available in the SDSS (DR6). Both the high resolution and high dynamic range of the SDSS images and our semi-automatic image processing scheme, allow for a major quality and uniform morphological analysis. The processing scheme includes (1) sky-subtracted, cleaned, and logarithmic scaled g-band images; (2) filtered-enhanced versions of the images in (1); and (3) the RGB images available in the SDSS database. Special attention was paid for distinguishing between E, S0, and Sa candidates through an additional analysis of (4) the surface brightness, \epsilon, PA, and A_4/B_4 Fourier series expansion profiles. The median type in the sample corresponds to Sbc, with 65% of the sample being of this type or later. A scarce population of E (3.5%) and S0 (5%) galaxies, and a non-negligible 14% fraction of SaSab spirals are identified. We calculate also the gri absolute magnitudes corrected by Galactic and internal extinctions and present the g-i color distribution and the color-magnitude diagram. Among the spirals, we find fractions of strong and suspected bars of 65.8% and of 33.3% of rings. For the E galaxies we find a richness of distinct substructure in their isophotal shape and also of morphological distortions. At least 78% of the ellipticals show some kind of distortion, suggesting that these galaxies suffered late dry mergers. Finally, we calculate the CAS (concentration, asymmetry and clumpiness) structural parameters in the ugriz bands. We analyze the loci of our isolated galaxies in different projections of the CAS volume and discuss some trends of these parameters with the color band, as well as with the type and the galaxy color. [abridged], Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, uses emulateapj.cls. To appear in Astronomical Journal. An atlas of mosaics containing [(1), (2) and (3), see abstract] images for Sab-Sm/Irr types and [(1), (2), (3), (4)] images for E/S0/Sa types was produced and is available at http://132.248.1.210

We present a general formalism which allows us to derive the evolution equations describing one-dimensional (1D) and isotropic 2D interfacelike systems, that is based on symmetries, conservation laws, multiple scale arguments, and exploits the relevance of coarsening dynamics. Our approach becomes especially significant in the presence of surface morphological instabilities and allows us to classify the most relevant nonlinear terms in the continuum description of these systems. The formalism applies to systems ranging from eroded nanostructures to macroscopic pattern formation. In particular, we show the validity of the theory for novel experiments on ion plasma erosion.

We consider the radiation transfer problem in the discrete-ordinate, plane-parallel approach. We introduce two benchmark problems with exact known solutions and show that for strongly non-homogeneous media the homogeneous layers approximation can lead to errors of 10% in the estimation of the intensity. We propose and validate a general purpose numerical method that transforming the two-boundary problem into an initial boundary problem, using an adaptative step integration and an interpolation of the local optical properties, can improve the accuracy of the solution up to two orders of magnitude. This is furthermore of interest for practical applications, such as atmospheric radiation transfer, where the scattering and absorbing properties of the media vary strongly with height and are only known, based on measurements or models, at certain discrete points., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

The presence of noise in non linear dynamical systems can play a constructive role, increasing the degree of order and coherence or evoking improvements in the performance of the system. An example of this positive influence in a biological system is the impulse transmission in neurons and the synchronization of a neural network. Integrating numerically the Fokker-Planck equation we show a self-induced synchronized oscillation. Such an oscillatory state appears in a neural network coupled with a feedback term, when this system is excited by noise and the noise strength is within a certain range., Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures

We report on the growth mechanism of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO). Our study is based on the analysis of ultrathin, YBa2Cu3O7-x layers in c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7-x / PrBa2Cu3O7-x superlattices. We have found that the release of epitaxial strain in very thin YBCO layers triggers a change in the dimensionality of the growth mode. Ultrathin, epitaxially strained, YBCO layers with thickness below 3 unit cells grow in a block by block two dimensional mode coherent over large lateral distances. Meanwhile, when thickness increases, and the strain relaxes, layer growth turns into three dimensional, resulting in rougher layers and interfaces., Comment: 10 pages + 9 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. B