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Nature in Singapore, 16, 1-6

Uvaria mollis Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 295, 1899 Fig. 105; Map 14B ≡ Uva mollis (Engl. & Diels) Kuntze, Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. & Staudt A. 3, no date: lectotype, here designated: K[K000198767]. Description. Liana(?), unknown height, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 13-16 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1.5-2 cm long, base subcordate, subcoriaceous, below pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old, below densely pubescent when young or old; secondary veins 14 to 17 pairs, prominent and pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young branches, leaf-opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 30-40 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, tomentose; bracts 2, one basal and one in the upper half of pedicel, basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 4-7 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-7 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, inside not seen, margins flat; petals free, inner slightly smaller than outer; outer petals 3, 20-23 mm long, 11-14 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, base truncate, margins revolute, pubescent outside, inside not seen; inner petals 3, imbricate, 14-16 mm long, 16-17 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base ungulate, claw ca. 5 mm long, margins flat or revolute, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 300 to 400, in 6 to 7 rows, 1-2 mm long, linear; connective discoid, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, number unknown, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma coiled, densely pubescent. Fruits unknown. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the Central and South regions. Habitat. A rare species; in lowland primary rain forests. Altitude 200-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria mollis is an imperfectly known species. Morphologically, it resembles U. lastoursvillensis Pellegr., a Gabonese endemic (Pellegrin 1949; Le Thomas 1969b) by its leaves with clearly impressed secondary veins looping towards the margin, the overall dense pubescence in the younger branches and flowers, and the single terminal flower at the end of young foliate branches. However, U. mollis is less pubescent with much shorter hairs leading to a very different aspect, and the inner petals are unguiculate with a long claw (ca. 5 mm), suggesting they are different species. In the absence of more material, we follow Le Thomas (1969b) and keep them separate. The name U. mollis was first used for a South Asian species (Uvaria mollis Wall.) given in the "Wallich Catalogue" (Wallich 1832, catalogue number 6475), but this name is a nom. nud. In Flora Indica, Hooker and Thomson (1855 p. 135) considered this name to be a synonym of Unona pannosa Dalzell (Dalzell 1851) (which is now Meiogyne pannosa (Dalzell) J.Sinclair). We found no evidence that the Wallich name was used again (e.g. Turner 2018), rendering the name U. mollis Engl. & Diels as described by Engler and Diels (1899) valid. We chose here the specimen Zenker & Staudt 3 (K) as the lectotype. It was a hard decision, because according to JSTOR the only two specimens of the syntypes that remain are in NY (Zenker 475) and K (Zenker & Staudt 3). Neither of these specimens have flowers or fruits, and are thus poor specimens to choose as a lectotype. However, we know that the specimens deposited in B did have flowers, as this was indicated by Engler and Diels (1901, p. 29). It is probable that they got destroyed or have just not been identified as type material. However, we had access to Annick Le Thomas’s archives in P when she was preparing the "Flore du Cameroun" (but never finalized it). In those archives there is an illustration of U. mollis with a flower (see Fig. 105) which was drawn from Zenker & Staudt 3. This indicates that Le Thomas had access to a specimen of Zenker & Staudt 3 with flowers, suggesting that a better specimen might be available and could be located (possibly in P or B). At this point we have no proof that another specimen of Zenker 475 is available. Specimens examined. Central Region: Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 1890, Zenker G.A. 249 (B); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, Zenker G.A. 3 (K); Yaoundé, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 475 (NY). East Region: Bitya near R Ja Nsolo, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, 31 March 1921, Bates G.L. 1818 (K).

Uvaria afzelii Scott Elliot, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30(206): 70, 1895 Map 12I Type. Sierra Leone. Southern Province; between Kahreni and Port Lokko, Scott Elliot G.F. 5812, Apr 1891: holotype: K[K000198777]. Description. Liana, ca. 3 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple or fasciculate 4 or 3 branched hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches hirsute. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent erect hairs. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, densely hirsute, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-20 cm long, 4-6cm wide, oblong to ovate, apex acute, base cordate, subcoriaceous, below densely pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young, pubescent when old, above pubescent with simple hairs when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent with simple hairs when young and old, below pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young and old; secondary veins 11-15 pairs, sparsely pubescent to glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 35-50 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 40-55 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower part of the pedicel, basal bract 3-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; upper bract 3-7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 8-10 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, tomentose inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 17-22 mm long, 13-17 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 13-20 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base attenuate, yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, tomentose inside, hairs longer towards center; stamens 150 to 200, in 8 to 9 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 40 to 50, ovary 2-3 mm long, stigma conical, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 35-45 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 13 to 25, 13-18 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, club-shaped with the stipes inserted laterally, apex rounded or mucronate, densely pubescent with erect hairs, smooth, constricted around the seeds (2 or 3 bumps), yellow brown to pale orange when ripe; seeds 4 to 6 per monocarp, 12-15 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A mainly west African species, just reaching into Cameroon with a single collection to date, in the North-West region. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon (a single collection); along scrub vegetation near cultivation. Altitude 10-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria afzelii is easily recognized by the long golden erect hairs on the young foliate branches and petioles, leaf blades with the combination of simple hairs above and fasciculate hairs below, and especially by its unique club-shaped monocarps that are constricted around the seeds and densely pubescent with erect golden hairs. Specimen examined. North-West Region: Nser et Banji 50 km N Wum, 6.85°N, 10.12°E, 11 July 1975, Letouzey R. 14016 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 330-331, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Uvaria angolensis Welw. ex Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 23, 1868 Figs 103, 113; Map 13A = Uvaria bukobensis Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 178, 1895. Type. Tanzania: Kagera region, Bukoba, Stuhlmann F.L. 1132, no date: lectotype, here designated: K[K000198760]. = Uvaria angolensis var. guineense Keay, Kew Bull. 8: 71, 1953. Type. Cameroon. Kunde, Mildbraed G.W.J. 9224, 3 May 1914: holotype: K[K000198772]. = Uvaria variabilis De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. I: 461, 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, bord de la Semliki, Lesse, Bequaert J. 4117, 7 May 1914: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000009826274]; isotypes: BR[BR0000009826601]; K[K000198773]. Type. Angola. Malanje; Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch F.M.J. 754, Apr 1857: lectotype, sheet here designated: LISU[LISU206054]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153065]; BM[BM000554044]; COI[COI00004859]; K[K000198826]; P[P00046766]; LISU[LISU206055]. Description. Liana, 2-6 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of mixed simple, fasciculate or stellate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches densely to sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, tomentose to very sparsely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4-17 cm long, 2.5-7 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, subcoriaceous, below densely to sparsely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young, densely to sparsely pubescent when old, below sparsely pubescent when young, densely to sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 6 to 12 pairs, pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young or old foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 7-10 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, tomentose; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 4-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, completely fused, tearing at anthesis, 5-9 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, ovate, apex truncate, base truncate, green to yellow, tomentose outside, tomentose inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 12-20 mm long, 8-11 mm wide, ovate to obovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, green to yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 12-19 mm long, 8-11 mm wide, obovate to ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, green to yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, tomentose inside; stamens 190 to 210, in 8 to 9 rows, 3-5 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, pubescent, yellow to orange; staminodes absent; carpels free, 25 to 35, ovary 4-5 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 8-12 mm long, 2-5 mm in diameter, inserted laterally; monocarps ca. 20, 13-40 mm long, 6-20 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex apiculate, tomentose, smooth and slightly constricted around the seeds, brown turning red when ripe; seeds 6 to 16 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread tropical African species, occurring from Sierra Leone to Central African Republic, Sudan and Ethiopia, and from Kenya to Zambia, one of the few Annonaceae species with such a wide continental distribution (Couvreur et al. 2008a); in Cameroon known from the Adamaoua, Central, East, North-west, South and West regions. Habitat. A common species in Cameroon; mainly occurring in gallery forests in drier regions of the country but also in rain forests. Altitude 500-1400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019c). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria angolensis belongs to a complex of species characterized by a calyx completely fused in bud and tearing into three distinct sepals at anthesis (Verdcourt 1971b). In Cameroon, other species of Uvaria with that character are U. baumannii, U. chamae, and U. osmantha. These species are all quite close morphologically (although U. baumanii and U. osmantha are quite different) but can be differentiated by some distinctive characters in particular fruit shape (see Key). Uvaria angolensis is particularly close to U. versicolor (not in Cameroon), but is distinguished by the connective of the stamens being tongue shaped versus discoid in U. versicolor. Uvaria angolensis is also quite variable in its indumentum varying from densely pubescent to glabrous. Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: Réserve forestière de Ngaoundéré, 7.32°N, 13.58°E, 21 July 1977, Fotius G. 2738 (P,YA); Beleldibi (35 km au SSE de Ngaoundéré), 7.32°N, 13.58°E, 22 July 1966, Letouzey R. 7486 (P,YA); Pentes NO de l’Hoséré Banyo entre 1100 et 1400 m, 6.75°N, 11.82°E, 09 June 1967, Letouzey R. 8565 (L,YA). Central Region: Yaoundé Mt Eloumden path from foot of mountain (ca 800 m) on Mendong side, 3.81°N, 11.43°E, 02 May 1996, Cheek M. 8307 (K,WAG,YA); Pentes orientales du mont Yangba (1473 m) près Nyafianga (42 km NNE de Bafia), 5.13°N, 11.35°E, 09 September 1966, Letouzey R. 7829 (P,YA); Près Nyafianga à 46 km SW de Linté, 5.13°N, 11.35°E, 23 April 1982, Nkongmeneck B.A. 310 (P,YA). East Region: Kumbe, 6°N, 14.30°E, 01 January 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 9224 (COI,K). North Region: Wakwa, 7.23°N, 13.58°E, 07 October 1960, Breteler F.J. 432 (WAG); Near craterlake ' Lac Tison’ ca 12 km SE of Ngaoundéré, 7.25°N, 13.58°E, 30 November 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 4361 (WAG). South Region: Rocher de Ako’okas 26 km southeast of Ebolowa, 2.7°N, 11.28°E, 21 February 1987, Huber H.F.J. 982 (YA). West Region: ca. 6 km NE of Bangangte, 5.15°N, 10.52°E, 11 May 1964, de Wilde J.J.F.E 2579 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Mme Vilatte plantations caOca 5 km from Foumbot, 5.55°N, 10.61°E, 07 July 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 10160 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 331-334, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, Chatrou, LW, Sosef, MS, Richardson, JE, 2008a. Molecular phylogenetics reveal multiple tertiary vicariance origins of the African rain forest trees. BMC Biology 6: e54. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-6-54","Verdcourt, B, 1971b. Notes on African Annonaceae. Kew Bulletin 25: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4103132"]}

Uvaria klaineana Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 294, 1899 Figs 110, 111; Map 14A ≡ Uva klaineana (Engl. & Diels) Kuntze, Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. = Uvaria klaineana var. chrysophylla Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. Mém. 31: 60, 1949. Type. Gabon. Ngounié, Moucongo, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 6337, 20 Oct 1926: lectotype, here designated: BM[BM000554053]; isolectotypes: EA[EA000002481, EA000002480]; MO[MO-247263]; LISC[LISC000398]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 235, 14 Sep 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00362663]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153078]; P[P00362707, P00362706, P00362710, P00362712, P00362714, P00362709, P00362708, P00362662]. Description. Scrambling shrub to liana, 3-20(30) m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of stellate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose covered with minute stellate hairs, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 2-9 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex obtuse, base rounded to obtuse, subcoriaceous, below densely pubescent with short persistent stellate hairs covering the surface, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young, pubescent when old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 12 pairs, pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate, indistinct. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 6-8 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1 mm wide; upper bract 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, ca. 4 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, light brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 15-17.5 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex rounded, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat becoming revolute, pubescent outside, pubescent to glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 15-16 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex obtuse, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat becoming revolute, pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent to glabrous inside; stamens 130 to 150, in 6 to 7 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, yellow to cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 100, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma flat, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 25-40 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, centrally inserted; monocarps 30 to 50, 12-18 mm long, 8-15 mm in diameter, globose to ovoid, apex rounded, densely tomentose, verrucose, faintly-one ribbed, green when immature; seeds 8 to 10 per monocarp, 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, known mainly from Gabon, but also from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the South region. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in lowland secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 0-100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria klaineana is distinguished by its small elliptic leaves (the smallest of Cameroonian species), that are strongly discolorous with an uniform indumentum of whitish stellate hairs on the lower side and weak secondary veins above. In Cameroon, this species is only known from a single collection in the Massif des Mamelles near Campo (Satabié 954 ). Specimen examined. South Region: Massif des Mamelles 25 km NE Campo Nyabessan, 2.57°N, 9.953°E, 01 January 1992, Satabié B. 954 (P,YA).

Uvaria obanensis Baker f., Cat. Pl. Oban: 1, 1913 Fig. 113; Map 14D ≡ Richella obanensis (Baker f.) R.E.Fr. Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a(2): 139, 1959. = Uvaria marginata Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53. 437, 1915. Type. Cameroon. South-West Region, Johann Albrechtshöhe, Büsgen M. 191 , 1 Dec 1908: holotype: B[B 10 0153104]. Type. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Oban, Talbot P.A. 1603, 1912: lectotype, sheet here designated: K[K000198779]; isotypes: BM[BM000554066]; K[K000198780, K000198781]. Description. Liana, 3-10 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple or fasciculate hairs, but overall glabrous; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent becoming quickly glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-5 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-26 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, oblong, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1.5-2 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, coriaceous, below very sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls; 1 to 3(9) per inflorescence; pedicel 6-8 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-7 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, ovate to semiorbicular, apex obtuse, base truncate, green, tomentose outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 20-30 mm long, 17-25 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 20-30 mm long, 17-25 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base unguiculate, green to light yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; stamens 120 to 150, in 8 to 10 rows, 2-3 mm long, oblong to cuneiform; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 15 to 20, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma coiled, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, monocarps possibly 5 to ca. 8 (but only one seen in McPherson 15524 (LBV)), ca. 40 mm long, ca. 25 mm in diameter, glabrescent to glabrous, ellipsoid, apex rounded, smooth, green when ripe; seeds not seen. Distribution. Known from Nigeria to Cameroon, and more recently from Gabon (see below); in Cameroon known from South and South West regions. Habitat. A fairly rare species in Cameroon; in lowland secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 0-300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria obanensis belongs to a group of species that are almost glabrous on the branches and leaves. It is characterized by its large and shiny (in herbarium material) oblong coriaceous leaves with few secondary veins (less than 13) and a broadly cordate base. The flowers have free sepals not enclosing the petals in bud. The monocarps are sessile, a character only found in one other Uvaria species from Cameroon. U. scabrida. Uvaria obanensis closely resembles U. cabrae De Wild from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the shape and size of its leaves with a cordate leaf base and being overall glabrous, but differs in its monocarps which are stipitate, ribbed and densely pubescent brown in the latter (versus sessile, smooth and glabrescent to glabrous in U. obanensis). We recently collected Uvaria obanensis in Gabon (near Koulamoutou, Ogooué-Lolo, Couvreur 1098), extending its distribution range south of the equator. The monocarps are here described for the first time (but we did not see the seeds) based on a collection from Gabon (McPherson 15524 (LBV)). Specimens examined. South Region: 9 km N of Kribi, 3°N, 9.933°E, 30 October 1969, Bos J.J. 5555 (BR,C,K,LD,P,WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.73°E, 24 February 1997, Elad M. 564 (KRIBI,WAG). South-West Region: Ekombe-Mofako Mokoko Forest Reserve, 4.47°N, 9.092°E, 23 April 1994, Acworth J.M. 182 (K,YA); Kumba, 4.63°N, 9.433°E, 01 December 1908, Büsgen M. 191 (B, K); West bank of the Onge River, 4.28°N, 8.966°E, 07 November 1993, Thomas D.W. 9802 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 363-366, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Uvaria poggei Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 294, 1899 Map 14F ≡ Uva poggei (Engl. & Diels) Kuntze, Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kasaï Central; Mukenge, Pogge P. 622, 18 Sep 1882: lectotype, designated by Le Thomas (1969b), p. 73: B[B 10 0153109]; isolectotype: K[K000198768]. Description. Liana, 15-18 m tall, d.b.h. 3-10 cm. Indumentum of minute stellate or simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent to tomentose, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 8-19 cm long, 5-9 cm wide, obovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base rounded to cordate, papyraceous to membranaceous, below rather densely pubescent with stipitate stellate hairs when young and old, above sparsely pubescent with simple hairs (soft to touch) when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 15 to 24 pairs, sparsely pubescent to glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 15-20 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 25-35 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2 mm long, 2 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, not covering in bud, 4-7 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, tomentose outside, pubescent inside, margins reflexed; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 15-20 mm long, 12-15 mm wide, ovate, apex attenuate, base truncate, margins flat, tomentose outside, sparsely pubescent to glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 15-20 mm long, 12-15 mm wide, ovate, apex attenuate, base truncate, margins flat, tomentose outside, sparsely pubescent to glabrous inside; stamens 150 to 200, in 8 to 10 rows, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective discoid, sparsely pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 15 to 20, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma coiled, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 25-35 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, centrally inserted; monocarps 30 to 35, 7-15 mm long, 7-15 mm in diameter, globose, apex apiculate, densely to sparsely pubescent, smooth, not ribbed, green when ripe; seeds not counted, ca. 7 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, known from Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic and Angola; in Cameroon known from the East region. Habitat. A fairly rare species (or at least rarely collected) in Cameroon; in lowland secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 400-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria poggei is distinguished by its leaves with numerous secondary veins (17 to 24), its lower leaf surface covered with an uniform indumentum of stellate hairs, and its globose monocarps with a long central stipes inserted centrally. This species only marginally reaches Cameroon (Harris 2002) where it is known from two collections (Harris 6200, 6528) close to the Central African Republic border. The species is here regarded as monotypic; indeed, U. poggei var. anisotricha Le Thomas is raised to species rank, as U. anisotricha (see under that name). Specimens examined. East Region: Lobeke Reserve Terra firma forest 1 km east of Djangi Bai, 2.31°N, 15.76°E, 04 November 1998, Harris D.J. 6200 (E); Lobeke Reserve 3-4 km north of Djembe road 5 km northeast of Bolu Bai, 2.21°N, 15.78°E, 24 November 1998, Harris D.J. 6528 (E).

Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 23, 1901 Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Environ de Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 550, 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0153099]; isotypes: P[P00362733, P00362731]. Only var. Uvaria muricata yalingensis is known from Cameroon to date.

Uvaria scabrida Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 21, 1868 Figs 114, 116; Map 14G = Uvaria corynocarpa Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 436, 1915. Type. Cameroon. East Region, Lomié, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5300, 20 May 1911: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0153076]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153075]; HBG[HBG502488]. Uvaria scabrida parviflora = Uvaria scabrida var. parviflora Pellegr., Fl. Mayombe 1: 12, 1920. Type. Gabon. Nyanga, Mavoundi, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 1516, 12 Dec 1908: lectotype, here designated: BM[BM000554040]; isolectotype: LISC[LISC000400]. = Pachypodanthium gossweileri Exell & Mendonça, Journ. Bot 74 (Suppl. Polypet.): 14, 1936. Type. Angola. Uige, Maquela do Zombo, Rio Vogi, Zadi - Inquissi, Gossweiler J. 10417, 29 Oct 1935: holotype: LISC[LISC000303]; isotypes: BM[BM000554042]; C[C10000168]; K[K000198774]. = Uvaria glomerulata A. Chev.; Sudania i: 192, No. 11086, 1911. nom. nud. Type. Cameroon. Littoral Region; Cameroons River, Mann G. 1433, 1862: lectotype, here designated: K[K000105336]. Description. Liana, 2-20 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of minute stellate or simple hairs; old leafless branches pubescent to glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 6-23 cm long, 2.5-10 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate to obtuse, acumen 1-1.2 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, papyraceous to coriaceous, below densely pubescent covered with minute stipitate stellate hairs when young and old, above pubescent with short simple scabrid hairs (or glabrous besides veins) when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 16 pairs, densely pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-25 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent to tomentose; in fruit 20-40 mm long, 6 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, soon falling, one basal and one towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bract 10-15 mm long, 7-10 mm wide; upper bract not seen; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 15-20 mm long, 7-13 mm wide, ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, yellow brown, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 18-30 mm long, 13-20 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex attenuate, base truncate, yellow-brown, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 15-25 mm long, 12-19 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, yellow brown, margins flat, pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent to glabrous inside; stamens 180 to 200, in 9 to 10 rows, ovary 1-2 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, cream to yellow; staminodes absent; carpels free, 45 to 70, ca. 3 mm long, stigma coiled, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 20 to 35 tightly packed together, 15-20 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, pyramidal or four-sided, apex rounded to shortly apiculate, tomentose, verrucose to shortly echinate, not ribbed or 1-ribbed, green when ripe; seeds 4 to 6 per monocarp, 8-12 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, flattened; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species in west and central Africa, in Liberia and Nigeria and in Cameroon, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola; in Cameroon known in the Central, East, Littoral, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species in Cameroon; in lowland secondary or primary rain forests, gallery forests, growing along forest openings. Altitude 0-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria scabrida is distinguished by its leaves covered below with uniform stellate hairs, and above with minute scabrid simple hairs, as well as by its sessile, densely tomentose monocarps. Together with U. obanensis, it is the only species of Uvaria in Cameroon with sessile monocarps. Vegetatively, it resembles U. osmantha, but the latter has shorter (10-15 mm long) and stipitate monocarps, and its leaf blades are strongly discolorous with their lower surface completely obscured by the stellate indumentum, while in U. scabrida it is visible between the hairs. A few collections from Cameroon (Bos 3164, 3353, 5011, 5508) and Gabon (Wieringa 4387) have glabrous leaves above apart from the veins, and therefore are not scabrid. Nevertheless, they have the characteristic monocarps and thus match U. scabrida, possibly being a variety (Lachenaud, pers. comm.). Specimens examined. Central Region: Village Nkolbisson 7 km West of Yaoundé, 3.88°N, 11.45°E, 04 May 1962, Breteler F.J. 2880 (U,WAG); Nkolbison, 3.88°N, 11.45°E, 10 November 1963, de Wilde W.J.J.O 1199 (WAG); Etuk Ebé (Yaoundé), 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 04 May 1971, Mpom B. 544 (P). East Region: Ngoko (Moloundou), 1.67°N, 16.04°E, 04 April 1971, Letouzey R. 10599 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Tonde (Douala), 4.22°N, 9.84°E, 09 May 1976, Letouzey R. 14884 (P,WAG,YA). South Region: 65 km S of Kribi Gr Batanga road, 2.89°N, 9.905°E, 28 October 1968, Bos J.J. 3164 (WAG,YA); 75 km from Kribi Ebolowa road, 2.89°N, 9.957°E, 13 May 1969, Bos J.J. 4518 (WAG,YA); 15 km from Kribi Ebolowa road Bidou II, 2.85°N, 10°E, 04 July 1969, Bos J.J. 5011 (BR,P,WAG,YA); 13 km from Kribi Ebolowa road, 2.85°N, 10.9°E, 16 October 1969, Bos J.J. 5508 (BR,C,K,LD,P,WAG,YA); Ndengue (Ebolowa), 2.78°N, 11.12°E, 26 March 1970, Letouzey R. 10251 (P,WAG,YA); Sangméli 2.93°N, 11.98°E, 26 March 1981, Meijer D. 15270 (MO,WAG); 6 km W de Nyabessan, 2.4°N, 10.4°E, 26 November 1982, Nkongmeneck B.A. 348 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Medjivini, 2.29°N, 10.34°E, 31 March 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2721 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Efoulan, 2.74°N, 10.54°E, 24 April 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2819 (KRIBI,WAG,YA). South-West Region: on top of hill near Small Ekombe village 3 km after Kumba on road to Ekondo Titi town, 4.62°N, 9.376°E, 13 January 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 982 (WAG,YA); Manja village Mundemba, 4.98°N, 8.916°E, 06 May 1996, Etuge M. 1888 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 369-373, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Uvaria muricata var. yalingensis (Engl. & Diels) Tisserant, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 103: 468, 1956 Figs 112, 113; Map 14C Type. Central African Republic: Haute-Kotto; Yalinga, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 4241, 25 Oct 1922: holotype: P[P00362713]; isotype: BM[BM000554051]. Description. Scrambling shrub to liana, 3-10 m tall, d.b.h. 6 cm. Indumentum of stellate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent to sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent to glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 12-19 cm long, 2.5-9.5 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, base cordate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 12 to 17 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation indistinct, slightly percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent to sparsely pubescent; in fruit 20-40 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one in lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; upper bract not seen; sepals 3, valvate, distinct in the flower bud, basally fused, 3-5 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, triangular to ovate to semiorbicular, apex obtuse, base truncate, tomentose with short stellate hairs outside, tomentose with short stellate hairs inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 12-15 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 12-15 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base ungulate, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous, number of rows not seen, 2-3 mm long, oblong to cuneiform; connective discoid, sparsely pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 25, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma obconical, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 10-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, centrally inserted; monocarps 20 to 25, 10-18 mm long, 10-18 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, pubescent with stellate hairs, finely echinate, not ribbed, green to brown when ripe; seeds 4 to 5 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. In its broad sense Uvaria muricata is a widespread mainly central African species (a few specimens collected from Sierra Leone) known from Cameroon to the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic; the variety Uvaria yalingensis is known from Central African Republic and Cameroon; in Cameroon known from Adamaoua, Central, North, South, South West and West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species in Cameroon; in lowland secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 0-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. To date, of the three varieties of U. muricata, only var. Uvaria muricata yallingensis is known to occur in Cameroon. The three varieties differ from each other by the pubescence of their leaves, the shape of the leaf base and the texture of the monocarps (Tisserant 1956; Le Thomas 1969b). Var. Uvaria muricata yalingensis is mainly found in drier parts of the country in the Adamaoua region, but also in the Central, South, South West and West and regions (at higher altitudes). Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: ca 15 km NE of Meiganga, 6.63°N, 14.25°E, 24 November 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 4049 (WAG); Près Dota (route Meiganga-Baïbokoum à 85 km à vol d’oiseau de Meiganga), 6.97°N, 14.93°E, 14 October 1963, Letouzey R. 6167 (P,YA). Central Region: Eloumden, 3.83°N, 11.46°E, 20 October 1961, Breteler F.J. 1977 (WAG); Ca 50 km S of Badjob ca 60 km SW Of Eséka Along the Njong-River, 3.68°N, 10.68°E, 20 March 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2164 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South Region: 24 km from Kribi ca 3 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.03°N, 10.08°E, 31 March 1970, Bos J.J. 6652 (BR,P,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Ndile waterfall below mission dispensary, 4.91°N, 9.745°E, 16 December 1999, Cheek M. 10415 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Mont versant de Munyenge, 4.37°N, 9.256°E, 21 January 1985, Nkongmeneck B.A. 954 (YA). West Region: Massif du Mbapit (1988 m) 30 km SW Foumban Versant Sud, 5.5°N, 10.63°E, 21 October 1974, Letouzey R. 12936 (P,YA).

Uvaria L., Sp. Pl. 1: 536, 1753 = Uva Brun., Thes. Zeylan.: 231, 1737: nom. illegit., superfl.; Narum Adanson, Fam. 2: 365, 1763: nom. illegit., superfl.; Xylopiastrum Roberty, Bull. I.F.A.N. 15: 1387, 1953; Melodorum Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 329: 351, 1790; Marenteria Noronha ex Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madagasc.: 18, 1806; Cyathostemma Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 707, 1854; Ellipeia Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 104, 1855; Anomianthus Zoll., Linnaea 29: 324, 1858; Tetrapetalum Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 23, 1865; Rauwenhoffia Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 2: 21, 1881; Uvariella Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penins. 1: 22, 1922; Ellipeiopsis R.E.Fr., Verstreute Beob. Fam. Annon.: 41, 1953; Dasoclema J.Sinclair, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14: 273, 1955; Balonga Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 8: 106, 1968. Type species. Uvaria zeylanica L. (a South East Asian species). Description. Lianas, up to 20(-30) m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm. Indumentum of star, fasciculate and/or simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; blade 5-26 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, elliptic, ovate, obovate or oblong, apex acuminate to obtuse, base acute to cordate, discolorous, whitish below or concolorous; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 6 to 25 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate or percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous and ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-50 mm long; in fruit 5-60 mm long; bracts 2 (or 1), one basal and one upper, 1-15 mm long; sepals 3, valvate (or imbricate), free or basally fused or completely fused tearing at anthesis, 2-20 mm long, ovate or triangular to semiorbicular, apex acute or acuminate or truncate, base truncate; petals free; outer petals 3, valvate or imbricate, 7-35 mm long, 5-25 mm wide, ovate to elliptic to obovate to semiorbicular, apex acute to rounded, base truncate; inner petals 3, imbricate, 7-35 mm long, 6-25 mm wide, ovate to elliptic to obovate to semiorbicular, apex acute to obtuse to rounded, base truncate; stamens 100 to 400, in 5 to 10 rows, 1-3 mm long, linear to cuneiform; connective discoid or tongue-shaped, glabrous or pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 15 to 70 (or numerous), 2-4 mm long, stigma flat or bilobed or coiled or cylindrical, pubescent or glabrous. Monocarps sessile to stipitate, stipes 5-45 mm long; monocarps 8 to 48, 6-70 mm long, 6-40 mm in diameter, globose or ellipsoid or cylindrical, apex rounded to apiculate, smooth, bumpy, ridged, verrucose or echinate, sometimes strongly ornamented; seeds numerous, bi or uniseriate, 7-15 mm long, 4-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid or flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. A diverse genus of ca. 200 species distributed across Africa (west to east), Madagascar and in South East Asia, 17 species occur in Cameroon, one endemic. Uvaria is a genus of lianas or scrambling shrubs, most of which have stellate hairs and numerous seeds per monocarp. The taxonomy of this genus remains complicated and a recent continental revision is still lacking. Differences between the species are mostly based on fruit and leaf characters. Taxonomy. There has yet to be a complete taxonomic revision of African and Malagasy Uvaria since Engler and Diels (1901). Taxonomy and keys to species of different regions can be found in: Paiva (1966) and Paiva and Bárrios (2019) for Angola; Le Thomas (1969b) for Gabon; Verdcourt (1971a) for Tropical East Africa, Cavaco et Keraudren (1958) for Madagascar and Hawthorne and Jongkind (2006) for West Africa (Senegal to Ghana). Besides Africa some revisions have been published for South East Asia providing excellent sources for taxonomy and morphological characters within the genus (Utteridge 2000; Zhou et al. 2009, 2010; Meade and Parnell 2018). In the key below, we tried to use as many vegetative characters as possible, although in some cases flower or fruit characters are needed. Using mainly vegetative characters is an advantage, but also has drawbacks linked to some characters that can be variable (e.g. pubescent density could vary). The user should be aware of that and check the descriptions and illustrations carefully to confirm identification. We provide here illustrations to the different types of hairs and combinations which will help with the key (Fig. 101)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 327-328, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Engler, A, Diels, L, 1901. Anonaceae. In: Engler, A, Ed., Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und -Gattungen. Engelmann, Leipzig: 1 - 96","Paiva, JAR, 1966. Revisao das Annonaceae de Angola. Memorias Sociedade Broteriana 19: 5 - 128","Paiva, J, Barrios, S, 2019. Uvaria botryoides (Annonaceae), a new species from Angola. Kew Bulletin 74: e7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-019-9794-5","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Verdcourt, B, 1971a. Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead, E, Polhill, RM, Eds., Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London: 1 - 131","Hawthorne, WD, Jongkind, CC, 2006. Woody plants of Western African forests: A guide to the forest trees, shrubs and lianes from Senegal to Ghana. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK","Utteridge, TMA, 2000. Revision of the genus Cyathostemma (Annonaceae). Blumea 45: 377 - 396","Zhou, L, Su, YCF, Saunders, RMK, 2009. Molecular phylogenetic support for a broader delimitation of Uvaria (Annonaceae), inclusive of Anomianthus, Cyathostemma, Ellipeia, Ellipeiopsis and Rauwenhoffia. Systematics and Biodiversity 7: 249 - 258, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200009003028","Zhou, L, Su, YCF, Chalermglin, P, Saunders, RMK, 2010. Molecular phylogenetics of Uvaria (Annonaceae): relationships with Balonga, Dasoclema and Australian species of Melodorum. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 33 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01045.x","Meade, CV, Parnell, JAN, 2018. A revised taxonomy for Uvaria (Annonaceae) in continental Asia. Australian Systematic Botany 31: 311 - 356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB17051"]}

Uvaria osmantha Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 436, 1915 Map 14E = Uvaria scaberrima Exell, J. Bot. 73 (Suppl. 1): 3, 1935. Type. Angola. Cuanza Sul Province, Quibanga de Mucende, Libolo, Gossweiler J. 6311, 19 May 1915: holotype: BM[BM000554067]; isotypes: COI[COI00004869]; LISC[LISC000302]. Type. Cameroon. East Region; Molundu, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4715, 1911: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0153106]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153105]; HBG[HBG502489]. Description. Liana, 4-6 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of stellate or fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent to tomentose, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 4.5-12 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.9-1.5 cm long, base rounded to cordate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, discolorous, below completely covered with short stipitate stellate hairs when young and old, above pubescent with very short scabrid fasciculate hairs; midrib sunken or flat, above densely to sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 12 pairs, sparsely pubescent to glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate, but indistinct. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-30 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 20-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2 mm long, 2 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, completely fused, tearing at anthesis, 12-15 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, ovate, apex acute to acuminate, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 25-35 mm long, 10-18 mm wide, oblong-obovate to oblong, apex acute, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 25-35 mm long, 10-18 mm wide, obovate to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens 120 to 150, in 6 to 7 rows, 1-2 mm long, elongated; connective discoid, sparsely pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 30 to 45, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma coiled, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 10-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, inserted laterally; monocarps 15 to 20, 15-30 mm long, 5-12 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex apiculate, brown-tomentose, verrucose, slightly constricted between the seeds in dried material, brown when ripe; seeds 4 to 8 per monocarp, 7 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, known from Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola; in Cameroon known from the East region. Habitat. A fairly rare species in Cameroon; in lowland secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 500-900 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria osmantha is distinguished by its strongly discolorous leaves with a rounded to cordate, scabrid above and completely covered with stellate hairs below. In addition, its sepals are completely fused in bud and tearing at anthesis (see notes under U. angolensis) and its monocarps are cylindrical and brown-tomentose, with moderately long stipes (10-15 mm long) inserted laterally. In leaf shape and indumentum, U. osmantha resembles U. scabrida (also found in Cameroon, upper side of leaves also scabrous) and U. schweinfurthii (not found in Cameroon but in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic and East Africa) but the monocarps of the latter two are clearly different being sessile in the former and long (> 20 mm long) stipitate (more than twice as long as the monocarp) in the latter. In addition, U. scabrida has stipitate (not sessile) stellate hairs on lower leaf surface, much more prominent secondary leaf veins, percurrent tertiary venation, and a calyx with distinct sepals. Uvaria schweinfurthii also has a calyx with distinct sepals and monocarps inserted centrally on the stipes. Specimens examined. East Region: Prairies 10 km à l’E de Kinsassa village situé à 65 km au NNE de Moloundou par route Yokadouma 2.61°N, 15.47°E, 04 March 1971, Letouzey R. 10494 (P,YA); Prairie à 30 km WSW de Kinsasa village situé à 65 km NNE de Moloundou sur la route de Yokadouma 2.34°N, 15.28°E, 10 March 1971, Letouzey R. 10556 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 366-367, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Uvaria anisotricha (Le Thomas) Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov. Figs 103, 108; Map 13B ≡ Uvaria poggei var. anisotricha Le Thomas, Adansonia, ser. 2, 8, 2: 247, 1968. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Ivindo; Bélinga, Hallé N. & Le Thomas A. 484 , 14 Aug 1966: holotype: P[P00362742]. Description. Liana, 5-20 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of stellate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 7-12 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, ovate, oblong or elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, coriaceous, below covered with a continuous persistent layer of small stellate hairs intermingled with larger stellate hairs, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 18 to 20 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches or less often on old leafless branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-20 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit unknown; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1 mm wide, soon falling; upper bract unknown (soon falling?); sepals 3, valvate, covering in bud, free, 8-10 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green to yellow, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside, margins reflexed; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 17-20 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, elliptic to suborbicular, apex obtuse to rounded, base truncate, light yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 17-20 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, elliptic, apex obtuse to rounded, base truncate, light yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, sparsely pubescent inside; stamens 150 to 200, in 8 to 9 rows, 2-3 mm long, oblong; connective discoid, sparsely pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 27 to 32, ovary 4-5 mm long, stigma coiled, pubescent. Fruits unknown. Distribution. A central African species, known from Gabon, Cameroon and Democratic Republic of Congo; in Cameroon only known from the South West region. Habitat. An uncommon species in Cameroon; mainly occurring in submontane or montane rain forests. Altitude 800-1300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria anisotricha was first described under the name Uvaria poggei var. anisotricha by Le Thomas (1968b) distinguishing it from var. Uvaria poggei poggei by the presence of two layers of stellate hairs on the lower side of the leaf blades, one minute and another larger. Besides this character, and after close examination, we can add the following differences suggesting the status of species rather than simply a variety: In U. anisotricha the leaves are coriaceous, strongly discolorous, with two types of hairs on lower surface: short buff hairs fully covering the lower leaf surface mixed with sparser longer rufous hairs; and the flowering pedicels are thick (2-3 mm). In U. poggei the leaves are papyraceous, concolourous, with hairs all similar, sparse and not obscuring the surface and the flowering pedicels thin (1 mm). Uvaria poggei is also found in Cameroon but is restricted to the East region towards the border with the Central African Republic. Uvaria anisotricha belongs to a group of species in Uvaria with numerous secondary veins, generally more than 18 pairs and up to 25, whereas the rest of Cameroonian Uvaria have between 6 and 16 pairs of secondary veins. It resembles U. baumannii in this respect in addition to the presence of two layers of stellate hairs on the lower surface of the leaf blades, but differs by the flower buds being pyramidal in shape with the sepals free and reflexed at maturity, versus sepals completely fused and cylindrical in bud in U. baumannii (Le Thomas 1968b, 1969b). Pyramidal flower buds with reflexed margins are also found in other species such as U. poggei and U. klainei, the latter only known from Gabon and differing by its larger leaves glabrous above (except for the midrib) and with a single layer of stipitate stellate hairs below and larger flowers. Cheek and Cable (1998, p. 12) tentatively named Tekwe 49 as U. poggei, but this specimen is U. anisotricha. Specimens examined. South-West Region: Monkey forest descending to waterfall at Ndip, 5°N, 9.7°E, 20 January 1998, Cheek M. 8950 (K,YA); Rumpi mountains forest trail ca 5 km after Dikome Balue village ca 40 km north of Kumba, 4.93°N, 9.239°E, 10 January 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 959 (WAG,YA); Kodmin, 5°N, 9.666°E, 16 November 1998, Gosline W.G. 147 (K,WAG,YA); Above Upper Baondo, 4.06°N, 9.15°E, 07 April 1992, Tekwe C.F. 49 (K,P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 334-337, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Le Thomas, A, 1968b. Nouvelles Annonacees d'Afrique equatoriale. Adansonia, ser. 2 8: 241-247."]}

Uvaria bipindensis Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 292, 1899 Figs 105, 106; Map 13E ≡ Uva bipindensis (Engl.) Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. = Uvaria cardiophylla Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 13, 1901. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Grand Batanga, Dinklage M.J. 834, 22 Oct 1890: holotype: B[B 10 0153071]; isotype: HBG[HBG502501]. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 1116, 1 Jul 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0153072]; isotypes: E[E00147945]; K[K000198775]; P[P00046767]; WU[WU0025884]. Description. Liana, 5-20 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches hirsute becoming glabrous, young foliate branches hirsute. Leaves: petiole (2)4-5 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 9-27 cm long, 4-11 cm wide, obovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1.5-2 cm long, base cordate to acute or subcordate to rounded, papyraceous, below sparsely hirsute with fasciculate hairs when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent with simple hairs when young, pubescent to glabrous when old, below densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old; secondary veins 13 to 20 pairs, pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent (but some venation network like). Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or occasionally on young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-20 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent to tomentose; in fruit unknown; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bract not seen (soon falling?); upper bract 2-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7-8 mm long, 10-11 mm wide, suborbicular, apex obtuse, base truncate, brown tomentose outside, densely pubescent inside, margins flat, green-brown; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 16-20 mm long, 15-16 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex obtuse, base truncate, cream white to cream yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, densely pubescent towards margins, glabrous towards center inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 10-12 mm long, 10-18 mm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex obtuse, base narrowed, cream white to cream yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; stamens 150 to 200, in 5 to 7 rows, ca. 4 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, white; staminodes absent; carpels free, 15 to 25, ovary ca. 4 mm long, stigma coiled, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 15-20 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, laterally inserted; monocarps 8 to 13, 20-70 mm long, 20-40 mm in diameter, cylindrical to oblong, apex rounded, brown tomentose, 4 to 5 ribbed, otherwise smooth, orange-brown when ripe; seeds 5 to 12 per monocarp, ca. 20 mm long, ca. 14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from Cameroon to Gabon and Equatorial Guinea (recently collected in those latter two countries); in Cameroon known from the Littoral, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A locally common species when present; occurring in primary rain forest on drained or swampy regions of sand soils, often in sandy areas. Altitude 0-400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria bipindensis can be distinguished by its hirsute indumentum on the young foliate branches, petioles, sepals and petals and its large leaves (15-22 cm) with a clearly cordate or subcordate base. The flowers are cauliflorous, the only species in Cameroon with this character reported to date. The fruits were described for the first time by Lachenaud (2018), and here taken from two specimens (Reits J.M. 1865 (WAG); Carvalho M. 6047 (MA)) collected in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea respectively. The monocarps are very characteristic for Cameroonian Uvaria being stipitate oblong to cylindrical in shape having 4 to 5 marked ribs arising from the base. These fruits resemble those of U. chamae, U. angolensis or U. versicolor (not in Cameroon) in the length of the stipes (medium), but in the latter three the monocarps are smaller and narrower and lack ribs. This species was thought to be endemic to Cameroon, but has now been collected in Gabon several times (e.g. Bidault 1686, 1739; Couvreur 1092, 521; Lachenaud 1979; Reitsma 1865) and Equatorial Guinea (Carvalho 6047). Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1179 (K,MPU,WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.90°N, 10.77°E, 20 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 662 (WAG,YA); Au SE du Lac Tisongo (35 km SW Edéa), 3.53°N, 9.909°E, 09 January 1974, Letouzey R. 12660 (P,YA). South Region: 20 km from Kribi N of Lolodorf road (SFIA logging road), 3°N, 10.05°E, 10 June 1969, Bos J.J. 4794 (WAG); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.48°N, 10.33°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 673 (WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Onoyong, 2.52°N, 10.69°E, 18 March 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. ONOX_53 (WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1896, Zenker G.A. 1116 (K,P). South-West Region: Jocteh Andie-Muen, 5.10°N, 9.716°E, 09 November 2001, Etuge M. 4504 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 343-345, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Uvaria heterotricha Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 96: 173, 1949 Fig. 108; Map 13I Type. Gabon. Woleu-Ntem; Oyem, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 9481, 2 Fev 1934: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363327]; isotypes: BM[BM000554061]; BR[BR0000008823953, BR0000008823960]; LISC[LISC000396]; P[P00363326, P00363328]. Description. Liana, 3-10 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm. Indumentum of simple to stellate and fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent, with small stellate hairs intermixed with longer simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 7-16 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1.5-2 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, subcoriaceous, below pubescent with short stellate hairs intermixed with long simple hairs when young, sparsely pubescent with short stellate hairs intermixed with long simple hairs when old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 13 pairs, pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-12 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 40-60 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, similar in size, 5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, completely fused, tearing at anthesis, 5-10 mm long, 7-11 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, yellow, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, inner slightly longer than outer to sub equal; outer petals 3, 15-25 mm long, 12-20 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, yellow, with dark red-brown base, margins flat or revolute, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 20-35 mm long, 10-22 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base unguiculate, claw 4-5 mm long, yellow with dark red-brown base, margins flat or revolute, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; stamens 300 to 320, in 8 to 10 rows, 2-3 mm long, narrowly oblong; connective discoid, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 40 to 50, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma coiled, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 30-45 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, laterally inserted; monocarps 42 to 46, 9-12 mm long, 7-8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex apiculate or mucronate, tomentose, smooth, not ribbed or very faintly ribbed, green to orange when ripe; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, 7-8 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, known from Cameroon and Gabon; in Cameroon known from the South West region. Habitat. A common species when present; in submontane or montane secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 700-1400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria heterotricha is easily distinguished by having small stellate hairs intermixed with longer simple hairs on the young foliate branches and lower side of the leaves (use hand lens). Its monocarps are also densely tomentose. This species was only known from Gabon (Le Thomas 1969b), but has since been collected several times (Cheek et al. 2004) in the South West province (e.g. Cheek 7457, 8863; Gosline 83; Letouzey 14586). It is interesting that in Cameroon this species appears restricted to submontane or montane regions (above 700 m) near Mont Kupe or Rumpi Mountains (Cheek et al. 2004), whereas in Gabon it is found at lower altitudes (below 600 m). Specimens examined. South-West Region: Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, 21 May 1996, Cable S. 2500 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Kupe village, 4.78°N, 9.700°E, 28 May 1996, Cable S. 2674 (K,YA); Mbule, 4.80°N, 9.673°E, 26 June 1996, Cable S. 3344 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Nyasoso, 4.86°N, 9.7°E, 01 July 1996, Cable S. 3459 (B,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Second trail to summit along road to Mbulle from Nyasoso, 4.81°N, 9.681°E, 03 July 1996, Cable S. 3558 (K,YA); Kupe village, 4.78°N, 9.716°E, 15 July 1996, Cable S. 3809 (K,WAG,YA); Nyasoso, 4.83°N, 9.691°E, 23 October 1995, Cheek M. 7457 (K,YA); Bakossi Mt Kodmin 05 km on road to Muawhojun, 4.98°N, 9.683°E, 17 January 1998, Cheek M. 8863 (K,WAG,YA); Nyasoso, 4.83°N, 9.683°E, 26 March 1996, Etuge M. 1819 (K,WAG); Nyasoso, 4.81°N, 9.683°E, 03 June 1996, Etuge M. 2092 (K,WAG,YA); Kupe village, 4.77°N, 9.708°E, 08 July 1996, Etuge M. 2659 (K,WAG,YA); Pool at summit of waterfall, 4.96°N, 9.716°E, 05 February 1998, Gosline W.G. 83 (K,WAG,YA); Kupe village, 4.78°N, 9.716°E, 11 July 1996, Keay R.W.J. 297 (K,YA); km 2 Essosong Estate-Kola N side of Mount Koupé, 4.85°N, 9.733°E, 20 January 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 9249 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Monts Rumpi entre Dikome Balue (1200 m) et Ifanga Nalende (650 m), 4.9°N, 9.233°E, 25 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14586 (WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 351-355, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cheek, M, Pollard, BJ, Darbyshire, I, Onana, JM, Wild, C, 2004. The plants of Kupe, Mwanenguba and the Bakossi Mountains, Cameroon. A conservation checklist. Kew Publishing. Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Kew, U.K."]}

Uvaria anonoides Baker f., Cat. Pl. Oban: 2, 1913 Fig. 105; Map 13C = Uvaria platyphylla Boutique, Fl. Congo Belge & Ruanda-Urundi ii: 296, 1951; Annona latifolia Scott Elliot; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 69, 1895; Uvaria latifolia (Scott Elliot) Engl. & Diels (non Blume, Fl. Javae Anon., vol. 2, 37, 1828), Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 22, 1901. Type. Sierra Leone. Northern Province, near Kafogo in Limba country, Scott Elliot C.F. 5617, 06 Apr 1892: lectotype, here designed: K[K000198787]; isolectotype: B[B 10 0153108] Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Oban, Talbot P.A. 1558, 1912: lectotype, sheet here designated: K[K000198786]; isotypes: K[K000198786]. Description. Liana, unknown height, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of stellate, minute hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 7-25 cm long, 5-13 cm wide, obovate to oblong or elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1.5-2 cm long, base rounded to cordate, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young, pubescent to sparsely pubescent when old, above densely pubescent quickly becoming glabrous when young, glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent, at least towards the base when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 15 pairs, pubescent to glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches and less often on old leafless branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 15-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 25-30 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract not seen (soon falling?); upper bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, fused almost completely, but not tearing, 4-5 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, suborbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 17-20 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex rounded, base truncate, margins flat, tomentose outside, densely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 17-20 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex rounded, base truncate, margins flat, tomentose outside, densely pubescent inside; stamens 150 to 200, in 6 to 7 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective discoid, sparsely pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 30, ovary 4-5 mm long, stigma coiled, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 20-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, centrally inserted; monocarps 8 to 12, 20-22 mm long, 20-22 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, tomentose, verrucose to shortly echinate, not ribbed; seeds not seen. Distribution. A West and Central African species, known from Sierra Leone to Nigeria and Cameroon with a disjunct distribution in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon only known from the East and South West regions. Habitat. An uncommon species in Cameroon; mainly occurring in lowland rain forests. Altitude 600-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria anonoides is characterized by tomentose young branches, obovate leaves with a clearly cordate or rounded base and relatively few secondary veins (less than 16) and sepals almost completely fused but not enclosing the bud and not tearing apart at anthesis. In leaves longer than 5 cm the shape can vary from obovate to oblong or elliptical and with a larger cordate leaf base. Uvaria anonoides resembles U. obanensis in the shape and size of the leaves, but this latter species is almost glabrous, sepals are free and the monocarps are sessile and smooth. Uvaria anonoides was first described by Baker (1913) who stated it to be morphologically similar to U. platyphylla (see below) but differing mainly by leaf size (more than 15 cm long in U. platyphylla versus less than 15 cm in U. anonoides) a character (in addition to monocarp pubescence) also used by Le Thomas (1969b) in her key to the genus in the Flore du Gabon (although neither species occurs there). This distinction was also adopted by Hawthorne and Jongkind (2006). However, besides leaf size, there is no reliable distinguishing character between these two taxa, and we consider them as synonyms following previous authors (Hutchinson and Dalziel 1936; Lebrun and Stork 1991). Uvaria anonoides is also close morphologically to U. mocoli De Wild. & T. Durand (not found in Cameroon to date) by the shape (obovate) and size of its leaves, as suggested by Le Thomas (1969b). U. mocoli however has sessile monocarps. The name Uvaria latifolia was already published by Blume (1828) (U. latifolia (Dunal) Blume) and thus Boutique (1951b, p. 256) provided a new name: U. platyphylla Boutique, which is younger than U. anonoides. Uvaria platyphylla var. luluensis Engl. & Diels (under U. latifolia var. luluensis) was also suggested to be synonym with U. anonoides but we have to disagree. After examination of the type (Pogge 636 (B)) there are a number of differences: young foliate branches, petioles and leaf blades are glabrous or very shortly and sparsely pubescent, the leaf base is acute to decurrent (versus cordate to rounded), and the sepals are free (versus clearly fused), suggesting this is quite different from U. anonoides. Rather, this taxon could belong to the U. muricata complex, possibly conspecific with U. muricata var. suaveolens (not in Cameoon; O. Lachenaud, pers. com.). Specimens examined. East Region: 60 km south of Yokadouma 5 km south of Maséa village, 3.10°N, 14.84°E, 06 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1208 (MPU,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Munyenge "trouble “trouble” village between liwenyi and Bonja, 4.41°N, 9.083°E, 20 March 1993, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 548 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 337-339, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Baker, EG, 1913. Anonaceae. In: Rendle, AB, Baker, EG, Wernham, HF, Moore, S, Eds., Catalogue of the plants collected by Mr. & Mrs. P.A. Talbot in the Oban district, South Nigeria. Trustees of the British Museum, London: 1 - 6, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Hawthorne, WD, Jongkind, CC, 2006. Woody plants of Western African forests: A guide to the forest trees, shrubs and lianes from Senegal to Ghana. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK","Hutchinson, J, Dalziel, J, 1936. Annonaceae. In: Flora of West Tropical Africa. The Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, 387-390.","Lebrun, JP, Stork, AL, 1991. 1 Enumeration des plantes a fleurs d'Afrique tropicale - Volume 1 : Generalites et Annonaceae a Pandaceae. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Geneve, Geneve","Blume, CL, 1828. Anonaceae. In: Flora Javae nec non insularum adjacentium (Anonaceae). J. Frank, Bruxellis [Brussels], 1-108.","Boutique, R, 1951b. Fam. 35. Annonaceae. In: Boutique R (Ed.) Flore du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. I.N.E.A.C., Brussels. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666813"]}

Uvaria chamae P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 43, 1816 Map 13G ≡ Uva chamae (P.Beauv.) Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. = Uvaria cylindrica Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 256, 1827. Type. Guinea. South Region, Thonning P. 44, no date: lectotype, sheet here designated: C[C10004675]; isotype: C[C10004674]. = Uvaria cristata R.Br. ex Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 23, 1868. Type. Sierra Leone. Purdie W. s.n., no date: holotype: BM[BM000843983]. = Uvaria nigrescens Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 15, 1901. Type. Sierra Leone. Afzelius A. s.n., no date: holotype: B[B 10 0153102]. = Uvaria echinata A.Chev., Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franc. I: 6, 1920: nom. nud. Type. Nigeria. no region; no locality, Palisot de Beauvois A.M.F.J. s.n., no date: holotype: G[G00014882]. Description. Scrambling shrub to liana, 3-10 m tall, d.b.h. 3-10 cm. Indumentum of minute stellate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches very sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-10 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 9-12 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.7-0.9 cm long, base acute (obtuse), subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above pubescent to glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 12 to 16 pairs, not prominent above, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on foliate branches, extra axillary or terminal. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 14-18 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 15-19 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; upper bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, completely fused, tearing at anthesis, 9-12 mm long, 9-12 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse or acute, base truncate, light green, densely pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal, reflexed when opened; outer petals 3, 10-17 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, green to yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent towards margins, glabrous towards center inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 9-15 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base unguiculate, green to yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent towards margins and glabrous towards center inside; stamens 150 to 200, in 6 to 7 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective discoid, pubescent, yellow to cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 30, ovary ca. 4 mm long, stigma coiled, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 10-15 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, laterally inserted; monocarps 10 to 20, 22-27 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex rounded, pubescent with small stellate hairs, slightly constricted over seeds in dried material, otherwise smooth, brown turning orange when ripe; seeds 12 to 16 per monocarp, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A mainly west African species from Senegal to Cameroon, Central African Republic, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Central, Far-North, North and North-West regions. Habitat. Occurring in drier regions of the country; in dry forest, thickets and gallery forests. Altitude 100-800(1000) m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019c). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria chamae is characterized by having (almost) glabrous leaf blades, secondary veins very weak (much more prominent in U. angolensis), with sepals completely fused in bud and tearing at anthesis (see notes under U. angolensis) and the petals clearly reflexed at anthesis. The monocarps are stipitate with the stipes shorter or as long as the monocarps which are cylindrical and pubescent. It is also one of the few species of Uvaria growing in the drier regions of Cameroon, together with e.g. U. muricata var. yalingensis. Specimens examined. East Region: Rives de la Kadei près de Moundia (15 km SSE de Batouri), 4.15°N, 14.61°E, 31 March 1962, Letouzey R. 4625 (P,YA). Far-North Region: Ziver, 10.8°N, 13.77°E, 17 May 1974, Fotius G. 1995 (P,WAG,YA); Mogode-Rhumsiki, 10.5°N, 13.58°E, 26 August 1976, Geerling C. 5666 (WAG). North Region: Koro (Goré), 10.8°N, 13.77°E, 19 January 1946, Aubréville A. 628 (P); Mango, 8.42°N, 13.25°E, 25 July 1974, Fotius G. 2173 (P,YA); Parc National de la Bénoué Près du campement du buffle noir, 8.12°N, 13.83°E, 05 December 1995, Letouzey R. 11695 (P,YA); Parc national de Faro Campement, 8.36°N, 12.81°E, 05 March 1985, van der Zon A.P.M. 2542 (WAG); Benoué National Park near Buffle Noir Camp, 8.11°N, 13.83°E, 04 October 1974, Wit P. 2955 (BR,MO,WAG). North-West Region: Piste Munka (=Munkep) 45 km NNW Wum, 6.73°N, 9.95°E, 09 July 1975, Letouzey R. 13994 (K,P,YA); Munka (=Munkep) 45 km NNW Wum, 6.73°N, 9.95°E, 09 July 1975, Letouzey R. 13999 (K,P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 348-349, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Uvaria comperei Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 8: 244, 1968 Figs 103, 109, 110; Map 13H Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Ivindo; Belinga, Hallé N. 3267 , 20 Nov 1964: holotype: P[P00046772]. Description. Liana, 3-5 m tall, d.b.h. 3-5 cm. Indumentum of simple or fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose to pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 6-17 cm long, 3-6.5 cm wide, oblong, apex acuminate to obtuse, acumen 1 cm long, base rounded to broadly cordate, papyraceous, below pubescent with simple or fasciculate hairs when young and old, above sparsely pubescent with short simple and stellate hairs when young, glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 13 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 6-11 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 11-16 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; upper bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate to attenuate, base truncate, pale green, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 7-14 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex obtuse, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins shortly revolute or straight, tomentose outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 7-14 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base shortly unguiculate, green to light yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 7 to 8 rows, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective discoid, sparsely pubescent, yellow; staminodes absent; carpels free, numerous (not clounted), ovary ca. 4 mm long, stigma bilobed, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 17-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, laterally inserted; monocarps 30 to 40, 10-15 mm long, 7-9 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to subglobose, apex rounded or very shortly apiculate, sparsely pubescent, slightly constricted over seeds in dried material, otherwise smooth, green to brown when ripe; seeds 10 to 14 per monocarp, 7-8 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, known from Cameroon, Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in secondary rain forests. Altitude 0-100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria comperei belongs to a group of species characterized by having sepals mostly free or basally fused and long stipitate globose monocarps with laterally inserted stipes. In flower characters, U. comperei is very close to U. gabonensis (not found in Cameroon to date) and Le Thomas (1968b) distinguished the former mainly based on differences of the leaves which has a rounded to broadly cordate leaf base and a long petiole. In addition, in U. gabonensis the lower side of the leaves have short appressed stellate hairs and the monocarps are smooth and densely tomentose versus short appressed stellate hairs intermixed with some longer erect fasciculate hairs (the latter mostly near the midrib) and bumpy and sparsely pubescent in U. comperei. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Lac Ossa Nord Dizangue, 3.84°N, 10.03°E, Achoundong G. 786 (YA); Lac Ossa Nord Dizangue, 3.84°N, 10.03°E, Achoundong G. 790 (YA). South-West Region: North Base, 4.01°N, 9.283°E, 24 April 1992, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 167 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 350-351, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1968b. Nouvelles Annonacees d'Afrique equatoriale. Adansonia, ser. 2 8: 241-247."]}

The genus Uvaria (Annonaceae) comprises of climbing or trailing shrubs and rarely trees. Its plant species are widely distributed across tropical Africa, Asia and Australia. The genus Uvaria is kno...

Uvaria welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. & Diels Bas.: Oxymitra welwitschii Hiern Climbing shrub or liana, in open forest and forest galleries. C.N.: kafugiteia, kafugi-ya-nene, kafugi-ya-teke, mufuxi (fruit) (kb); banana-da-mata (fruit, pt). Uses: food. Conservation: LC (IUCN 2017), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699, {"references":["IUCN. (2017) IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Vers. 3, May 2017. Available from: www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 10 December 2021)."]}

Uvaria lucida Benth. — Habit: Liana or shrub. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF; up to 1 500 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: East Mount Kenya, near Chuka, 26 Feb. 1922, Fries & Fries 1985 (UPS, K). References: Fries & Fries (1925), Verdcourt (1971)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E. & Fries, T. C. E. (1925) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. VII. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 9 (85): 299 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994384","Verdcourt, B. (1971) Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead, E. & Polhill, R. M. (Eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 128 pp."]}

Dulcisenes C-E, undescribed polyoxygenated cyclohexenes and twenty-one known compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Uvaria dulcis Dunal. The structures of these undescribed compounds were determined by spectroscopic data analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, and MS techniques; their absolute configurations were analyzed by NOESY and ECD spectra. Cytotoxicity of sixteen more abundant isolates was evaluated. Cherrevenone and 2',3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone exhibited cytotoxic activity against some cancer cell lines with IC

Phytochemical study of Uvaria comperei afforded an alkaloid, 8,9-dimethoxy-5H-phenanthridin-6-one (1), isolated and characterised (assignment of 1H and 13C NMR) for the first time from a natural source along with two flavonoids, (2S)-5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone (2) and (2S)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,8-dimethylflavone (3). Clethric acid (4), oleanoic acid (5), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), β-sitosterol palmitate (6) and a mixture of stigmasterol (7) and β-sitosterol (8) were isolated from Oxyanthus unilocularis. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using modern spectroscopic techniques including1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC) and Mass Spectrometry. Some fractions and compounds from Uvaria comperei exhibited good antifungal activity against clinical isolates and standard strains of yeast species of Candida and Cryptococcus genera while extracts from Oxyanthus unilocularis displayed weak antifungal activity. The results obtained show that Uvaria comperei could be a potential source of antifungal drugs.

Two novel benzoquinones, uvarmicranones A (1) and B (2), along with 15 known compounds (3 - 17) were isolated from the stems of Uvaria micrantha (Annonaceae). Their structures were elucidated by analyses of NMR and high-resolution mass data. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of uvarmicranone A (1) via Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction was also proposed. Some isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities. Compounds 1, 14, and 15 showed moderate cytotoxic effects against T-cell acute lymphoblastic cells (MOLT-3), with IC50 values of 7.83 ± 0.83, 6.53 ± 1.01, and 4.20 ± 0.29 μM, respectively. Additionally, compound 15 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) with an IC50 value of 7.00 ± 3.15 μM.

The therapeutic efficacy of the contemporary anti-inflammatory drugs are well established; however, prolonged use of such can often lead to serious and life-threatening side effects. Natural product-based anti-inflammatory compounds with superior efficacy and minimum toxicity can serve as possible therapeutic alternatives in this scenario. Genus Uvaria is a part of Annonaceae family, while the majority of its species are widely distributed in tropical rain forest regions of South East Asia. Uvaria species have been used extensively used as traditional medicine for treating all sorts of inflammatory diseases including catarrhal inflammation, rheumatism, acute allergic reactions, hemorrhoids, inflammatory liver disease and inflamed joints. Phytochemical analysis of Uvaria species has revealed flavones, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyoxygenated cyclohexene and phenolic compounds as major phyto-constituents. This review is an attempt to highlight the anti-inflammatory activity of Uvaria species by conducting a critical appraisal of the published literature. The ethnopharmacological relevance of Uvaria species in the light of toxicological studies is also discussed herein. An extensive and relevant literature on anti-inflammatory activity of Uvaria species was collected from available books, journals and electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest and Ovid. Extracts and isolates of Uvaria species exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity through various mechanisms of action. 6,7-di-O-Methyl-baicalein, flexuvarol B, chrysin, (-)-zeylenol, 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone, and pinocembrin were the most potent anti-inflammatory compounds with comparable IC50 with positive controls. Therefore, it is suggested that further research should be carried out to determine the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of these therapeutically significant compounds, to convert the pre-clinical results into clinical data for drug development and design.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities and phytochemical composition of the leaves extracts of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria leptocladon Oliv.The powdered leaves of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria leptocladon Oliv were extracted by maceration and soxhlet extraction methods. Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves extracts of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria leptocladon Oliv were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Standard methods were used for analysis of phytochemical composition of the leaves extracts of Boscia coriacea Graells and Uvaria leptocladon Oliv. Data analysis was done using one way analysis of variance.U. leptocladon Oliv (200 mg/kg) and B. coriacea Graells (200 mg/kg) showed percent inhibition on mice paw edema of 86% and 75% after six hours of carrageenan injection, respectively. The ethanol fraction (100 mg/kg) of U. leptocladon Oliv showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect after six hours of carrageenan injection. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves extracts of B. coriacea and U. leptocladon revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, and saponins.The crude leaves extracts of B. coriacea Graells and U. leptocladon Oliv contain phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory activities.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo toxicity and antibacterial activity of the leaves extracts of Boscia coriacea and Uvaria leptocladon.Extraction was performed using 80% methanol by maceration and Soxhlet extraction method. Evaluation of the acute toxicity of the extracts was based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of the extracts was done by agar well diffusion assay. Determinations of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were performed by broth macro-dilution method. The checkerboard method was used for the determination of combined effect of antibiotics and the extracts. Paired T-test and one way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.B. coriacea and U. leptocladon have no toxic effect in Swiss albino mice up to dose of 5000 mg/kg. B. coriacea and U. leptocladon showed antibacterial activity at concentration of 500 mg/ml. The chloroform-methanol fraction of B. coriacea and U. leptocladon showed the highest antibacterial activity at concentration of 25 mg/ml. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of B. coriacea were 125 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC of U. leptocladon ranged from 31.25 mg/ml to 62.5 mg/ml, while its MBC ranged from 62.5 to 125 mg/ml. The combination assay of B. coriacea and the antibiotics showed additive effect, while U. leptocladon and the antibiotics showed indifferent effect.The findings showed that U. leptocladon and B. coriacea leaves extracts have antibacterial activity and no toxicity in animal model.

Streptococcus mutans a key pathogen, produces biofilm, acids and extracellular polysaccharides in the oral cavity; which leads to the development of dental caries. Control of these pathogenic markers can prevent dental caries. Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. is a medicinal plant traditionally used for many ailments including oral infections. Root, leaves and bark extracts has proven antibacterial activity including activity against caries causing S. mutans. However, its effect on the virulence properties of S. mutans, responsible for the development of dental caries, has not been studied.This study investigated the phytochemical constituents, anti-S. mutans, anti-adherence and anti-acidogenic activity of U. chamae root extract.Extracts were prepared and phytochemical analysis was performed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined, and MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of the best solvent were selected for their effect on the virulence factors of S. mutans. The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests.The dichloromethane extract, with proanthocyanidin as a major chemical constituent, produced an MIC of 0.02 mg/ml. At 6 h, exposure to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/ml extract significantly reduced S. mutans adherence by 39, 59, and 77% respectively (p 0.05). Uvaria chamae also significantly inhibited acid production in S. mutans at 10, 12, 14 and 16 h (p 0.05). At ½ MIC, the plant extract caused remarkable downregulation of the virulence genes responsible for the adherence, biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide synthesis and acid production.This suggests that U. chamae extract may potentially be used to inhibit the proliferation of S. mutans and silencing the expression of pathology-related genes, which will prevent the development of dental caries.

The chemical study of leaf extracts from Uvaria cherrevensis resulted in the identification of 11 new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes, cherrevenols A-K (1-11), and a new seco-cyclohexene derivative, cherrevenol L (12). Nine known compounds (13-21) were also isolated. Three of the isolated compounds are chlorinated polyoxygenated cyclohexenes. The structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods and, in some cases (compounds 2, 6, 8, and 10), single-crystal X-ray crystallographic structural analysis or chemical correlation (compounds 6 and 7). Compounds 6 and 7 were both isolated as scalemic mixtures (ee 23-24%).

An asymmetric 11-step synthesis of the polyoxygenated cyclohexene natural product kweichowenol A from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Uvaria kweichowesis is reported. The oxygenation pattern was installed on a linear precursor by exploiting the acyclic stereocontrol of the Kiyooka aldol reaction, as well as Cram chelate-controlled Grignard reactions. Ring-closing metathesis and a selective benzoylation then gave the natural product.

A list of the Annonaceae taxa indigenous to the Asia-Pacific Region (including Australia) is presented, including full synonymy and typification with an outline of the geographic distribution. Some 11

This paper presents a revision of Uvaria L. (Annonaceae) in continental Asia and outlying islands, north of the Thailand–Malaysia border, on the basis of a combination of new morphological analyses and recent phylogenetic data. Two new taxonomic groupings are defined within the genus in Asia on the basis of detailed morphological character analysis in ~1800 specimens. Stamen and carpel structure are shown to be significantly more informative than calyx and corolla characters for subgeneric differentiation, and reliably discriminate basal and derived radiations when mapped onto recent molecular phylogenies for the genus in Asia. Thirty-three species and species varieties are recognised within Uvaria in continental Asia, incorporating taxa formerly assigned to Anomianthus Zoll., Cyathostemma Griff., Ellipeia Hook.f. & Thomson, Ellipeiopsis R.E.Fr. and Dasoclema J.Sinclair. Four new combinations are proposed, and outstanding taxonomic, nomenclatural and typification issues are resolved for included taxa. Keys for both flowering and fruiting material are included, and distribution data are provided for all taxa.

BACKGROUND Botanical pesticides play an important role in organic agricultural practices and are widely used in integrated pest management (IPM). Uvaria grandiflora was mainly reported as traditional medicines and possessed antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities. Therefore, important biological activities of U. grandiflora may suggest that they have the potential to be used as botanical pesticides. RESULTS The extract of U. grandiflora exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activity toward phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, particularly against Colletotrichum musae and Phytophthora capsici, and its secondary metabolite zeylenone also displayed strong antifungal and anti-oomycete activities against phytopathogens. Particularly, half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) values of zeylenone against Phytophthora capsici and C. musae were 6.98 and 3.37 μg mL-1 , showing better inhibitory effects than those of commercial fungicides (azoxystrobin and osthole). Additionally, the pot experiments showed that the extract of U. grandiflora could effectively control Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora capsici and Podosphaera xanthii. In the field experiment, 5% microemulsion of U. grandiflora extract exhibited 79.72% efficacy against cucumber powdery mildew at 87.5 g ha-1 on the 14th day after two sprayings, which was better than that of 21.5% trifloxystrobin and 21.5% fluopyram SC at 200.9 g ha-1 . Surprisingly, 5% microemulsion of U. grandiflora extract could promote cucumber growth significantly. Furthermore, the action mechanism analysis indicated that zeylenone may damage the cytoderm and affect energy metabolism of Phytophthora capsici. CONCLUSION It is the first time that the extract of U. grandiflora and zeylenone have been discovered leading to broad application prospects in the development as botanical fungicides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Natural products--polyoxygenated cyclohexenes exhibited potent anti-tumor activity, such as zeylenone, which is a natural product isolated from Uvaria grandiflora Roxb. This article will attempt to establish a gram-scale synthesis method of (+)-zeylenone and explain the structure-activity relationship of this kind of compound. Total synthesis of (+)-zeylenone was completed in 13 steps with quinic acid as the starting material in 9.8% overall yield. The highlight of the route was the control of the three carbon's chirality by single step dihydroxylation. In addition, different kinds of derivatives were designed and synthesized. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used for evaluating antitumor activity against three human cancer cell lines. The structure--activity relationship suggested that compounds with both absolute configurations exhibited tumor-suppressive effects. Moreover, hydroxyls at the C-1/C-2 position were crucial to the activity, and the esterification of large groups at C-1 hydroxyl eliminated the activity. Hydroxyl at the C-3 position was also important as proper ester substituent could increase the potency.

Phytochemical investigation applying GC (gas chromatography)-MS (mass spectrometry)/GC-FID (flame ionization detection) on the hydro-distilled essential oils of the Vietnamese medicinal plant

Five new cyclohexene derivatives, dipandensin A and B (1 and 2) and pandensenols A–C (3–5), and 16 known secondary metabolites (6–21) were isolated from the methanol-soluble extracts of the stem and root barks of Uvaria pandensis. The structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, and that of 6-methoxyzeylenol (6) was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, which also established its absolute configuration. The isolated metabolites were evaluated for antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis and the Gram-negative bacteria Enterococcus raffinosus, Escherichia coli, Paraburkholderia caledonica, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Pseudomonas putida, as well as for cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. A mixture of uvaretin (20) and isouvaretin (21) exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (EC50 8.7 μM) and S. epidermidis (IC50 7.9 μM). (8′α,9′β-Dihydroxy)-3-farnesylindole (12) showed strong inhibitory activity (EC50 9.8 μM) against B. subtilis, comparable to the clinical reference ampicillin (EC50 17.9 μM). None of the compounds showed relevant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.

Three new oxygenated cyclohexene derivatives, pandensenol D - F (1-3), two new flavanoids, pandensone A and B (4-5), and seven known compounds (6-12) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Uvaria pandensis Verdc. (Annonaceae). The structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The isolated metabolites were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the Gram-negative bacteria Enterococcus raffinosus, Escherichia coli, Paraburkholderia caledonica, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pseudomonas putida, and for cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Out of the tested compounds, pandensenol D (1) and (6',7'-dihydro-8'α,9'β-dihydroxy)-3-farnesylindole (12) showed weak activity, whereas (8'α,9'β-dihydroxy)-3-farnesylindole (11) strong activity against B. subtilis. Four of the isolated compounds (1, 4, 11 and 12) showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (EC

Phytochemical study of

Two novel benzoquinones, uvarmicranones A (

Chromatographic purification of the DCM sub-extract of

Background Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), Phyllantus amarus (Phyllantaceae) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) are empirically alleged to be used as Beninese medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis. This study aimed to produce scientific data on in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus on multiresistant Salmonella spp isolated in Benin. Results After performing in vitro tests on aqueous and ethanolic extracts of these plants, only the aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae (leaves) showed the best anti-Salmonella’s activity and was used for this in vivo experiment. The induction of salmonellosis revealed 9 × 108 CFU/ml was the optimal concentration triggering and maintaining symptoms in chicks. This infective concentration was used for in vivo assessment. Twenty-four hours post inoculation, the symptoms of salmonellosis (wet cloaca, diarrhea stools and somnolence) were observed in infected groups. After 7 days of treatment, the reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L of the extract was respectively 85%, 52.38% and 98% for Uvaria chamae, Phyllantus amarus and Lantana camara in the chick’s groups infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. On the other hand, colistin completely cancelled the bacterial load (reduction rate of 100%). With the groups infected with Salmonella spp (virulent strain), the reduction rate of bacterial load at 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L of extract was 0%, 98.66%, and 99.33%. The extracts at 200 and 400 mg/L were more active than colistin, which reduced the bacterial load by 33.33%. The toxicity tests did not show any negative effect of Colistin and the Uvaria chamae’s extract on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the chicks. Conclusion The aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae is active in vitro and in vivo on multiresistant strains of Salmonella enterica. This plant is a good candidate for the development of an improved traditional medicine for the management of salmonellosis.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of

Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of Monodora minor Engl. & Diels (Annonaceae) stem bark yielded a new indole (E)-4-(1H-indol-5-yl)-but-3-en-2-one (1), a known indole 5-formyl-1H-indole (2) and an ubiquitous steroid sitosterol (3). The investigations of the methanolic extract of Uvaria tanzaniae Verdc. (Annonaceae) root bark yielded two previously reported C-benzylated dihydrochalcones namely uvaretin (4) and diuvaretin (5). Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopy and high resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry (HR-EI-MS) data. All compounds were tested against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Plasmodium falciparum. At a single concentration (20 ��M) in the antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial assays, compound 4 exhibited remarkable activities against T. brucei brucei and P. falciparum with percentage inhibition of 97.3% and 83.0% respectively, whereas compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 were inactive. In a dose response antiplasmodial assay compound 4 exhibited moderate activity against P. falciparum with an IC50 value of 7.20 ��M.