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The organic horticultural farming system is a horticultural farming technique that relies on natural materials in its production and is a sustainable agriculture, in contrast to the conventional horticultural farming system which still relies on chemicals in its production process. The purpose of this research was to compare organic and conventional horticultural farming systems in Getasan district, Semarang. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study that employed survey methodologies. This study was conducted from July to December 2019 using a sample of 314 respondents, 90 organic horticulture farmers and 224 conventional horticulture farmers as research subjects. Research results showed that the average total additional cost of restoring soil nutrients in 100 [m.sup.2] / year for organic horticulture farming was IDR. 69,958.33 less than the cost for conventional farming systems, which was IDR. 79,550.00 per 100 [m.sup.2] per year, with a p-value of 0.032*. The cost of purchasing fertilizer in year / 100[m.sup.2] on a conventional horticultural farm was IDR. 90,575.78, greater than the cost of organic horticulture farming which was only IDR. 73,170.38 with a p-value< 0,001*. The average yield of organic horticulture farms was somewhat higher than that of conventional farms during each growing season. The average annual income from yields in 100 [m.sup.2]/year for organic horticulture production was IDR 2,449,246.32, while conventional IDR. 2,369,641.10 with p-value of 0.441 although not statistically significant. The average profit per 100 [m.sup.2] / year for an organic horticultural farming system was IRD. 1,549,303.42, which is greater than the profit value for a conventional horticultural farming system, which was IDR. 1,450,109.82, 959,289.06, although statistically not significant, with p-value = 0.228. The total annual production cost for the organic horticulture farming system was less than the conventional system, which was IDR 901,346.78 for the organic horticulture farming system and IDR. 921,084.17 for conventional, for every 100 [m.sup.2] / year with p-value = 0.383, even though not statistically significant. Statistically, there was no significant difference in labor costs between the two agricultural systems, p-value 0.702, but descriptive analysis shows that the average labor cost per 100 [m.sup.2]/year for organic horticulture farming was IDR. 588,859.57, which is less than IDR. 591,760.50 for conventional horticulture farming. Based on the parameters analyzed, the outcome of this study demonstrates that the organic horticulture farming system is superior to the conventional horticultural farming system. Key words: Environmental value Fertilization costs, Cultivation profits, Labor expenses, Production costs, INTRODUCTION Agriculture is an important part of the economy, particularly in Indonesia because it contributes to agricultural exports which affect Indonesia's national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [1]. However, if the [...]

Role playing games have been widely used to develop and validate an agent-based model by observing players' behaviour. Our study focuses on proposing a novel approach to use role-playing games in the development and validation of an agent-based model. Our innovations include matching the game's parameters and player composition to reality, incorporating the design of experiments into the data collection, and incorporating operational validation steps into the process. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach by a case study of a dairy supply chain. Our analysis illustrates that the data obtained from the role playing game are valuable for the validation of agent-based models at the micro-level (process and knowledge representation) and, subsequently, improve the validity of the model at the macro-level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) as a pandemic has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide since its initial breakout. With increasing reports from clinical observations and autopsy findings, it became clear that the disease causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as a broad spectrum of systemic and multiorgan pathologies, including angiopathy, endothelialitis, and thrombosis. Coagulopathy is associated with the activity of megakaryocytes, which play crucial roles in modulating the platelet homeostasis. Only a few autopsy reports include findings on thrombosis formation and the presence of megakaryocytes. Here we review and summarize the possible involvement and the pathophysiology of the thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients based on post-mortem reports. We reviewed post-mortem reports from March 2020 to September 2020. Eleven autopsy reports that demonstrated thromboembolic involvement findings, either macroscopically or microscopically, were included in this review. All studies reported similar pulmonary gross findings. Not all studies described thrombi formation and megakaryocyte findings. Pulmonary embolism, coagulopathy, severe endothelial injury, and widespread thrombosis are frequent in COVID-19 patients, following many patients with high-level D-Dimer, increased fibrinogen, abnormal prothrombic coagulation, and thrombocytopenia. Reports showed that thrombus was also found in the lower extremities' deep veins and the prostatic venous plexus. In conclusion, a complex interaction of SARS-CoV-2 virus invasion with platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, inflammation, immune response, and the possible involvement of megakaryocytes may increase the cumulative risk of thrombosis by a yet unclear cellular and humoral interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vernonia amygdalina Delile. leaves are potential as cardiotonic and anticancer cause of cardiac glycosydes which contain in them. This study evaluated the mechanism of cardiac glycosides from Vernonia amygdalina Delile. leaves in inhibition of Naup>th molecular docking. Docking was performed on the receptor file (PDB ID: 4HYT) using AutoDock Vina PyRx 9.5 program and visualized by Ligplot 2.1 dan PyMol 2.3.1. Two and three-dimension conformation models of compounds were generated by Chem Draw program. The docking score of Ouabain as the standard and Vernoniosides A2 were -10.7 Kcal/mol and -9.4 Kcal/mol. Vernoniosides A2 interacted with Phe316, Leu793, Phe783, Gly319, Ile800, Ile315, Glu116, Ala323, Leu795, Tht797, Asn122, Glu179, Asp884, Lys905, Asp121, Gln111, Glu117 and Asn122 residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vernonia amygdalina Delile. is commonly found in a tropical area, it has an inotropic effect on the heart and has phytochemical constituents that are similar to digoxin such as vernonioside D and vernonioside A3. This study aimed to determine the prediction of toxicity level and value of the bond energy between digoxin, vernonioside D, and vernonioside A3 on the enzyme Na+/K+ATPase In silico method. Prediction of ADMET was determined by using the pkCSM website, Prediction of toxicity of chemical were determined by protox II website and docking analysis in this study was carried out using the AutoDock software with PDB code 4RET and visualization using polymol. The results showed that digoxin induces CYP3A4 receptors while vernonioside D and A3 did not induce CYP3A4 receptors. Prediction of LD50 was digoxin 5 mg/kg (fatal), while vernonioside D has a prediction of LD50 was 8000 mg/kg (non-toxic) and vernonioside A3 has a prediction of LD50 was 8000 mg/kg (non-toxic). Digoxin, vernonioside D and vernonioside A3 inhibited hERG II. The binding energy value of Na+/K+ATPase to digoxin was obtained value -12 Kcal/mol, vernonioside D was obtained a value of -9 Kcal/mol while vernonioside A3 was obtained a value of -9.4 Kcal/mol. Based on the research, it can be concluded that vernonioside D and vernonioside A3 has a lower toxicity level compared to digoxin, while the affinity of digoxin for Na+/K+ATPase has higher compared to Vernonioside D and vernonioside A3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a kpc-scale analysis of the relationship between the molecular depletion time (τ mol dep ) and the orbital time (τ orb) across the field of 39 face-on local galaxies, selected from the EDGE-CALIFA sample. We find that, on average, 5 per cent of the available molecular gas is converted into stars per orbital time, or τ mol dep ~ 20 τorb. The resolved relation shows a scatter of ~0.5 dex. The scatter is ascribable to galaxies of different morphologies that follow different τ mol dep -τ orb relations which decrease in steepness from early- to late types. The morphologies appear to be linked with the star formation rate surface density, the molecular depletion time, and the orbital time, but they do not correlate with the molecular gas content of the galaxies in our sample.We speculate that in our molecular gas rich, early-type galaxies, the morphological quenching (in particular the disc stabilization via shear), rather than the absence of molecular gas, is the main factor responsible for their current inefficient star formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO observations allow estimation of the gas content of molecular clouds, which trace the reservoir of cold gas fuelling star formation, as well as determination of extinction via H2 column density, N(H2). Here, we study millimetric and optical properties at 26 supernovae (SNe) locations of different types in a sample of 23 nearby galaxies, by combining molecular 12C16O (J = 1 → 0) resolved maps from the Extragalactic Database for Galaxy Evolution (EDGE) survey and optical Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. We found an even clearer separation between type II and type Ibc SNe in terms of molecular gas than is found in the optical using Hα emission as a proxy for the current star formation (SF) rate, which reinforces the fact that SNe Ibc are more associated with SF environments. While AV at SN locations is similar for SNe II and SNe Ibc and higher than for SNe Ia, N(H2) is significantly higher for SNe Ibc than for SNe II and Ia. When compared with alternative extinction estimations made directly from SN photometry and spectroscopy, we find that our SNe Ibc also have redder colour excess, but showed standard Na I D absorption pseudo-equivalent widths (~1 Å). In some cases, we find no extinction when IT is estimated from the environment but high amounts of extinction when measured from SN observations, which suggests that circumstellar material or dust sublimation may be playing a role. This work serves as a benchmark for future studies combining last-generation millimetre and optical IFS instruments to reveal the local environmental properties of extragalactic SNe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]