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This study explores the integration of Piil Pesenggiri local wisdom into character education through Social Sciences Subject (IPS) in elementary schools in Metro City, Lampung. Piil Pesenggiri local wisdom, which consists of four main pillars; respect for others (Nemui Nyimah), cooperation (Sakai Sambayan), achievement (Juluk Adek), and equality (Nengah Nyampur), has been recognized as an important foundation for strengthening character learning in the school environment. This study utilizes qualitative approach and case study in three different elementary schools in Metro City. The research method used is multi-case skin, which collects data through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and analysis of learning documents. The results depict that the application of Piil Pesenggiri values in social sciences subject significantly promoted positive characters development among learners, including respect for diversity, cooperation, motivation for achievement, and understanding of equality. This practice not only enriches the social sciences subject’s curriculum with culturally relevant content but also contributes to the formation of positive social attitudes and behaviors among learners. These findings suggest that local wisdom such as Piil Pesenggiri can be used as an effective instrument in character education, supporting a holistic vision of education in Indonesia, especially in the diverse community contexts such as Metro City, Lampung. This research provides important insights into the potential of local wisdom in forming the basis of strong and culturally relevant character education.

Extensive reading (ER) should be implemented properly based on ER principles. The most known ER principles is ten ER principles proposed by Bamford and Day that are widely referred by ER practitioners around the globe. Unfortunately, these principles are not always implemented in ER classes, even in ELT study program in university. Related to it, ER classes in a university in Indonesia were reported to not conducted ER enthusiastically. It was suspected that it occurred because of lecturers’ confusion on what to do in their ER classes due to their insufficient comprehension of ER and its principles which eventually reduce pleasure which supposed to be existing in ER classes. Based on that suspicion, this study focused on investigating the lecturers’ familiarity on ER principles and the implementation of ER principles regarding the expectation to conduct pleasurable ER classes. The data were collected through in-dept interviews to lecturers and questionnaire to students. This study found that not all of the lecturers have adequate knowledge on ER principles which eventually hindered them to teach ER properly and pleasurably. It was also revealed that pressure was felt by both students and lecturers. The pressure increased when the ER involved rigid assignment and assessment.

In the EFL context, the primary linguistic environment for learners is a formal classroom in which they receive input, feedback, and opportunities to practice with teachers and other learners. However, as learners graduate from schools, they might no longer have access to such an environment and thus be deprived of the main intake to support acquisition and retention, which makes them susceptible to language attrition. This study aims to explore the levels of attrition experienced by 165 multilingual non-English department students 30 months after graduating from their secondary schools, the possible factors associated with attrition, and the predictive power of some language maintenance efforts (LMEs) on English attrition. The participants took standardized English tests, that is, Test 1 and Test 2 administered within a 24-month interval and responded to a questionnaire about LMEs. A paired t-test was used to establish a link between attrition level and the identified factors. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictive power of LMEs for attrition. The results show that learners with different proficiency levels experience different levels of attrition. Factors like attitude and motivation showed different degrees of correlation with attrition. A negative correlation was found in the three dimensions of LMEs: entertainment, literacy activity, and academic activity. Contrary to popular literature on first- and second-language attrition, the dimension of social interaction has a very low predictive power for foreign-language attrition.

Studies on the relationship between teacher use of ICT and student achievement have been numerous, but those involving other intervening variables, such as technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPCK), are still limited. This study examined the relationships between the use of computer technology (CT) by Indonesian EFL teachers and student achievement, taking into account the TPCK frameworks. Explanatory correlation serves as the research design, as this study was intended to explain the associations among variables under study. Data on teachers’ CT use and students’ English achievement were collected from a sample of 153 EFL teachers by means of Albirini’s (2006) and Wozney et al.’s (2006) adopted questionnaire and the teachers’ document of students’ English achievement scores. The multiple regression analysis indicated that simultaneously, CT use, content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) correlate slightly with student achievement, R² = .085, F(4, 148) = 3.418, p .05. This finding suggests that the four predictor variables were not good at predicting student achievement. Other external factors not included in the model may relate to student achievement. The study’s findings imply that in teaching and learning English, teachers should play the role of CT facilitators and let students take great advantage of CT on their own.

The current study aims at exploring strategies of teaching speaking among EFL/ESL teachers in Indonesian and Malaysian secondary schools. The data were obtained from 55 Indonesian teachers and 9 teachers from Malaysia, who were asked to voluntarily fill out an open-ended questionnaire consisting of 11 items. The questions ranged from teaching strategies to challenges in teaching speaking and the use of IT in the classroom setting. The findings of the descriptive analysis showed that teachers in both countries used relatively similar strategies, except for the aspect regarding the proportion of English use in the classroom. In this case, Malaysian teachers used English most of the time in their speaking class, compared to their Indonesia counterparts who admitted using L1 in various proportions and/or situations. It can be safely assumed that the status of English in Indonesia and Malaysia (EFL vs. ESL) is responsible for this difference, with Malaysian teachers and students being more comfortable with the use of English in their daily encounters.

This study describes Indonesian secondary school EFL teachers’ and students’ profiles of reading engagement, which comprises behavioral, affective, cognitive, and social dimensions. The researchers employed a survey design involving 70 teachers and 828 students of secondary schools in 50 regions in Java, Sumatra, and the Borneo Islands. The instrument used was a teacher questionnaire and a student questionnaire which contained 16 close-ended questions and 7 open-ended questions. The data from close-ended responses were tabulated and presented in percentages, while the data from open-ended responses were analyzed based on themes, then shown in excerpts. The key findings reveal that four dimensions of reading engagement have been implemented by EFL teachers. Both students and teachers show positive reading behavior and attitude toward reading materials and activities. These findings map the reading engagement practiced in EFL classes in secondary schools in Indonesia, which add knowledge about RE strategies improving EFL teachers’ strategies to engage students in reading English texts, which is expected to enhance students’ English reading comprehension and literacy.

Learning resource transformation is essential in this digital era, and English teaching and learning is no exception, especially in Madrasah context. That is why providing digital Extensive Listening (EL) materials to promote comprehensible input and character values is needed. This study outlines how Muslim English Literacy (MEL) application was developed to support the digital transformation as an alternative for EL materials. Research and Development (R & D) design was executed comprising seven phases of needs assessment, product design and development, product validation, first round of product revision, field testing, second round of product revision, and final product dissemination. The results of the field testing and moderation suggest that the developed product, MEL, is practical and applicable in helping EFL students to get more language exposure so that their English language acquisition can be facilitated. In addition, the product integrating character values may also strengthen their identity of being Muslims. Further studies on similar material development with more various topics utilizing technology apps are worth conducting. Pengembangan aplikasi literasi digital untuk bahan ajar Extensive Listening Transformasi bahan ajar sedang menjadi kebutuhan di era digital saat ini, termasuk dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di Madrasah. Oleh sebab itu, ketersediaan bahan ajar Extensive Listening (EL) yang mengintegrasikan comprehensible input (i+1) atau ilmu pengetahuan dan nilai moral sangat dibutuhkan. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana aplikasi Muslim English Literacy (MEL) dikembangkan untuk mendukung transformasi digital tersebut sebagai alternatif bahan ajar EL. Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R & D) ini diselesaikan melalui 7 tahap: analisa kebutuhan, desain dan pengembangan bahan ajar, validasi produk, revisi pertama produk, uji coba, revisi kedua produk, dan diseminasi produk akhir. Hasil uji coba dan hasil akhir ini menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan, MEL, bersifat praktikal dan diterapkan oleh para siswa dalam memperoleh lebih banyak pajanan bahasa Inggris sehingga mereka dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggrisnya. Selain itu, produk ini juga bisa meningkatkan identitas mereka sebagai muslim dengan cara menerapkan nilai-nilai karakter yang diintegrasikan dalam produk ini. Selanjutnya, penelitian dan pengembangan semacam ini perlu dilakukan lagi dengan topik yang lebih beragam.

This study delves into the engagement with research among university-level English department teachers. It examines their reading habits, literature preferences, and the influence of these activities on their professional practices. Through in-depth interviews with teachers from four reputable universities, this research offers insights into the frequency, format, and resources of engagement with research, as well as the challenges and reasons behind their varying levels of engagement. The findings drawn from this study contribute to the current body of research on teachers' engagement with research. They offer insights that may help improve educational programs or policies aimed at enhancing engagement with research in the academic community. The study, while offering valuable insights, acknowledges its limitations and suggests future research to broaden the scope and understanding of research engagement across different academic fields and settings.

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to examine the range of available Artificial Intelligence (AI) writing tools and assess their influence on student writing, particularly in terms of content and organization, as perceived by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research was constructed within a case study design. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews, targeting information about the diversity of AI writing tools and their impact on students” writing quality. The study gathered data from four EFL teachers across three distinct universities in Indonesia, shedding light on the variety of AI writing tools used in their classrooms. These included applications like Quillbot, WordTune, Jenni, Chat-GPT, Paperpal, Copy.ai, and Essay Writer. Furthermore, these teachers unanimously agreed that the AI writing tools positively improved their students’ writing quality, particularly enhancing the quality of their content and organization. The findings of this study imply that integrating AI writing tools can prove beneficial in elevating the quality of EFL student writing. In response to this study’s limitations, recommendations for future research were also addressed.

This study compared Moodle and Telegram as mobile-instant messaging (MIM) to understand how the platforms performed in technology-enhanced content and language integrated learning (TECLIL) settings. It involved 68 English for Academic Purpose (EAP) students enrolled in two groups, i.e., Moodle group and Telegram group. Using the mixed-method design, the study garnered quantitative data through pre- and post-tests of language performance coupled with post-tests of spoken presentation, content knowledge, and collective knowledge co-construction. Qualitative data concerning the interaction patterns in online discussion forums were amassed by retrieving students’ postings on both platforms. This study garnered additional quantitative data as covariates, which involved a survey of technology acceptance and a survey of teacher evaluation. Upon analysis, paired sample t-test was operative to identify noteworthy differences between groups with respect to technology acceptance, evaluation of teacher performance, language performance, and content knowledge. For the qualitative inquiry, thread analysis on the interaction patterns in both groups was conducted to scrutinize their depth of knowledge co-construction. Although the interaction trends in both platforms mark the dominance of knowledge sharing, the findings lend credence to the stronger potential of Moodle to empower students’ in-depth knowledge co-construction while exercising their subject-specific language performance. For deep engagement in knowledge co-construction and authentic language use, teachers need to provide appropriate scaffolding through modeling effective collaboration, making explicit the characteristics of quality discussion, and establishing a mutual understanding of what students need to achieve in the online discussion forum.

The flipped classroom model is an innovative and increasingly popular pedagogical approach in higher education. However, despite its increasing popularity, few studies have elaborated on specific strategies to implement a flipped classroom model. This study has as its purpose to investigate the effect of an extended flipped classroom model for fully online learning and its interaction with working memory capacity on students’ reading comprehension by means of a quasi-experimental study with a 2 x 2 factorial design in which a total of one hundred and twelve students participated for nine weeks. The two-way analysis of variance revealed that students’ reading comprehension ability increased significantly in the extended flipped classroom model compared to that of students in the original flipped classroom. Students with a high WMC also largely outperformed their counterparts with a low WMC in reading comprehension, an interaction effect being thus identified between the instructional model and WMC as well. This paper concluded with a call to implement an extended flipped classroom model in reading courses and to undertake more specific types of research into the effectiveness of this model across different settings and language skills.

Teachers' language assessment literacy (LAL) refers to teachers' ability to perform assessment-related tasks. Despite the significant role of language assessment literacy in English language teaching and learning, many teachers reported to have an inadequate ability to perform assessment-related tasks because of the lack of assessment training programs that prepared them for the tasks. This study aimed at investigating the existing assessment training programs to develop EFL teachers' LAL. A systematic literature review was conducted to observe trends in how assessment training programs were carried out in the past decades. PRISMA model was used for identifying, screening, and selecting. Twenty-eight studies published between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed. The results reveal that the assessment training models comprised theoretical and practical components of language assessments. The results also show that the methods for delivering the content are collaborative and reflective practices. The findings of this study should be considered in the design of EFL teacher training programs on assessment.

Background. Lexical bundles in textbooks are of paramount importance in foreign language learning. They provide a framework for new vocabulary acquisition and help to build fluency. Despite many studies on lexical bundles, investigations into their usage in EFL textbooks in the Indonesian context are still rare. Purpose. This corpus-based study examines the patterns and structural classifications of lexical bundles in EFL course textbooks for Indonesian senior high school students. As such, it could yield ready-made chunks of English which could be incorporated into students’ spoken and written communication. Method. The AntConc software version 3.5.9 was used to extract lexical bundles from five Indonesian Senior High School English textbooks. These books were endorsed by the government to be used across the country. The corpus revealed that the textbooks had 54,009 lexical bundles. In addition, the bundles were categorized into patterns and structural classifications based on Biber et al. (1999). Results. The results showed the patterns included three-word lexical bundles with 32,527 occurrences, four-word with 11,620, five-word with 6,073, and six-word with 3,789. Furthermore, eleven structural classifications of lexical bundles were found in the textbooks: “noun phrase + of phrase fragment” with 173 occurrences; “noun phrase + other post modifier fragment” with 44; “other noun phrases fragment” with 157; “prepositional phrase + of” with 13; “other prepositional phrases” with 243; “anticipatory it + verb phrase/adjective phrase” with 13; “passive verb + prepositional phrase” with 19; “copula be + noun phrase/ adjective phrase” with 30; “(verb phrase +) that- clause” with 59; and “(verb/adjective +) to- clause” with 239. Conclusion. Three-word lexical bundles were the most frequent in the senior high English textbooks. High frequency implies repetition of the bundles. Also, the other prepositional phrase fragment was the most frequent structural classification. Short bundles may have been intended to help students to retain vocabulary and recall the bundles in the usage. This study, therefore, provides valuable insights into the most common groups of words used in the Indonesian EFL textbooks. Pedagogically speaking, repeated bundles in English textbooks can familiarize EFL students with the patterns, and they can use them in spoken and written communication.

Learner autonomy has recently been recognised as an essential component of changes in higher education. The word 'LA' can be misunderstood because it may be viewed differently in various settings. Hence, this study explores whether the students at higher levels of education in Indonesia have better perceptions and efforts to enhance their autonomous learning. Questionnaires and interviews were asked with EFL students in collecting the data. The study sample consisted of 95 students randomly selected from FTTE Islamic University of Riau. This study applied a mix-method, and descriptive statistical testing was employed to analyse the data and determine the research questions. NVivo 12 explored how the students perceived the autonomous learning process. The result showed that the EFL learners mostly perceive autonomous learning as independent learning under one’s target, involving personal learning styles and strategies with the teacher's assistance. A significance value (p) was obtained at the time of initiation, monitoring, and evaluation of the data, respectively 0.286; 0.533; 0.744. So, all the p-value was >0.05. It requires no significant effort in initiating, monitoring, and evaluating among different levels. In addition, there was no significant difference between the efforts of the initiating, monitoring, and evaluating activity performed among EFL learners either in the second, fourth, or sixth level. This point is that EFL learners are not independent in selecting when and how to initiate, monitor, and evaluate autonomous learning. So, this fact shows us that the higher semester level did not guarantee better effort toward autonomous learning activities.

One of the ways to engage EFL students in writing is to assign them to work collaboratively. Collaborative writing requires a verbalization process resulting in episodes related to language, texts, and scaffolds. This study examined the use of episodes in collaborative writing of EFL students set in pairs by the teacher. It identified the most productive type of episodes which include language-related episodes (LREs), text-related episodes (TREs), and scaffolding episodes (SEs). It also scrutinized the categories of episodes within each type of episode. The study involved 20 pairs of Indonesian students from the English Department of a reputable university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The students were given an integrated reading-writing task and asked to work in pairs. The results of the study showed that SEs were the most productive type of episode, followed by LREs in the moderate occurrence, and TREs, which were the least productive type of episode. The results also revealed that among the categories in each type of episode, lexis-focused (LREs), organization-focused (TREs), and repetition (SEs) were more productive than the other categories of episodes. These results imply that the most productive categories of episodes could be catalysts in the teaching of writing, which employs collaborative writing tasks either in pairs or in small groups. This study offers insights into creating activities to encourage writing activities that especially involve types of pairings.

This narrative study explores identity construction and classroom participation of an Indonesian student who attended a master program in TESOL in an Australian university. Grounded from identity and investment frameworks (Norton, 2000) and situated learning theory (Lave & Wenger, 1991), the study specifically probes into the changing identity construction across time shaped by the participant’s involvement in the community of practice. Data analysis followed Polkinghorne’s (1995) categorical procedure and Connelly and Clandinin’s (2006) three-dimensional space of narrative inquiry. The findings portray gradual and complex identity construction mediated by the participant’s agentive classroom participation. It was also found that the participant’s identity evolved across time together with a movement from peripheral to full participation. This study informs that L2 learning is dependent on social, emotional, cultural, and situated practices depicted in L2 learner’s classroom participation. It also highlights the need for incorporating narrative inquiry to understand multiple, subjective, and conflicting values in L2 learning and other educational contexts.

Writing knowledge pertaining to process, system, content, and genre plays an essential role to produce an intelligible composition. The purpose of the present study is twofold – to investigate the correlation between aspects of writing knowledge and quality of writing, and to investigate the contribution of the overall and individual aspects of writing knowledge to writing quality. The participants were 54 second-year ELT undergraduate students of a university in Indonesia. A writing test and multiple-choice test on writing knowledge were used as the instruments of data collection. The analysis employed Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. The result revealed a significant positive correlation between writing knowledge and writing quality. As a unit, the knowledge of process, system, content, and genre, indicates a significant contribution to the writing quality. Individually, however, only process knowledge significantly contributes to the writing quality. It provides additional pieces of evidence that process knowledge be given special attention, thus writing instruction should allow students to learn writing knowledge explicitly and implicitly.

Initial activities become important as the stepstone to raise students’ autonomous level. The study aims to explore lecturers’ initial activities to encourage students’ autonomous learning. Autonomous learning is a process to be apprehensive of taking control of literacy. This study used a case study and a content analysis in the qualitative exploration. The English teacher educators at the English language education department, the faculty of teacher training and education in Pekanbaru became the research samples. A qualitative approach is chosen as exploration design with the help of Nvivo 12 Apps since interviews come as the main instrument. Some interview points questioned how lecturers help learners comprehend the material, determine their particular pretensions, chancing out supporting coffers. The study reveals that the lecturer's exertion as the initial activities were giving the material explanation, giving information about the course figure, giving assignments, giving what students need, giving provocation or motivation, sharing experiences, making personal approach, exercising, being a Model, making agreement letter, warning, having a concession, having references of material, participating gests, checking students’ appreciation by reviewing, giving question and test. Yet, giving assignments collectively or in collaboration, systems or incidental test becomes a proposed exertion in the initial process to enhance learners’ autonomous.

Background. Self-regulated learning strategies play an essential role in the success of students’ learning of writing. The use of these strategies might be influenced by the student’s individual differences. Purpose. This study was conducted to describe EFL university students’ preferences for self-regulated writing strategies. It also examined the different use of self-regulated writing strategies by considering gender, interest in English writing, and writing achievement. Further, it measured the predictive effects of self-regulated writing strategies on the students’ writing achievement. Methods. This research applied a quantitative approach and involved 58 English students. The students were required to respond to a self-report survey using the Self-Regulated Learning Strategy Questionnaire. The students’ writing achievement was measured based on their scores in writing an argumentative essay. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, One Way Anova, and multiple regression. Results. The results uncovered that the overall use of self-regulated writing strategies was at a high level with the social environment strategy dimension on the top rank and motive on the bottom. Further analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the use of self-regulated writing strategies based on gender, interest in English writing, and writing achievement. Meanwhile, multiple regression analysis indicated the predictive effect of self-regulated writing strategies on writing achievement. To this end, teachers need to encourage students to use self-regulated writing strategies more optimally to enhance their writing quality. Conclusion. EFL students have invested high awareness of using self-regulated writing strategies. Along with this high awareness, students’ individual differences such as gender, interest in English writing, and proficiency level might not strongly influence the use of SRW strategies. Though not strong, the use of self-regulated writing strategies contributes to the students’ writing quality improvement.

Action research has been a prominent topic in continuous professional development literature. Studies have evidenced its potentials for teachers, but not many have discussed the sustainability of the research as a means of Teacher Professional Development (TPD) as well as its sustainable impact. Underpinning the issue of sustainability, the present study aims at investigating what factors made the teachers choose to continue conducting teacher action research, and what pedagogical and professional competences perceived changed as sustainable impacts of Teacher Action Research (TAR). This qualitative study with a phenomenological undertone adapted Seidman’s framework to conduct in-depth interviews with five English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. The results showed that motivation and self-efficacy belief, institutional supports, and collaboration with academics/universities were essentials for sustainable engagement with the research. Pedagogically, the teachers increased their awareness of the students’ characteristics, knowledge of effective learning, and ability to carry out reflective teaching. In terms of professional competence, they felt very confident and were able to make more publications. This study implies that TAR is a model of TPD that is able to develop EFL teachers’ professionalism where they can establish a better practice and develop themselves as professionals and individuals on daily basis, without leaving their students.

The COVID-19 pandemic that has spread worldwide has recently changed many aspects of human life, including education. Since this pandemic requires every level of education to conduct the teaching and learning classes in online courses, all education aspects perceive the benefits and even the difficulties through this online course method. This study aimed at knowing the undergraduate students' perceptions about the online listening courses during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the benefits and the difficulties of joining the courses. This survey study involved 74 undergraduate English students of a private university in Malang, Indonesia. An online questionnaire was distributed to the students via Google Form link, consisting of 30 statements with 4-scales of the Likert scale (strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree). All questionnaire items were valid at the .05 level and were highly reliable with a coefficient of .955. The average value of each item was then measured to reflect positive or negative perceptions. The findings showed that the students perceived positively not only to online listening courses' method but also the difficulties of the method. It means they agreed that online listening courses could be beneficial in this pandemic condition, but they also still have several difficulties joining it. Lastly, this research suggests further researchers use a mix-method research design in which they can include open-ended interviews to get deeper analysis.

The massive shift to online learning due to the COVID-19 outbreak has opened wider possibilities of telecollaboration among English learners through global online communities. Responding to the limited empirical evidence on what drives these learners to learn beyond their geographical boundaries, this phenomenological case study intends to delve into the English learners' motivational self-system in a global-speaking online community (GSOC). Recruiting six learners from different countries, the empirical data were gathered from participant observation, questionnaires, and interviews. Concepts of the L2 motivational self-system and international posture were employed to inspire the thematic analysis. The findings elucidate that the participants tended to disclose their stronger L2 ideal selves compared to their L2 ought-to selves. Further, they experienced multifaceted discrepancies in their English learning trajectories and saw GSOC as one of their motivating endeavors to decrease these discrepancies. They reflected that the outbreak had provided them with a broader opportunity to virtually learn from others mediated by technology. The international posture and instrumental motivation appeared to be a motivational construct in their L2 ideal projected selves. In contrast, the integrative construct was likely unable to exert its explanatory power in this context. To this end, some implications are also discussed accordingly.

Act TEFL Methodology is one of the main courses designed to provide English pre-service teachers with several newest methodologies in teaching English at different levels and learning contexts. However, to achieve good quality of them, the English education department needs to evaluate, arrange and formulate the course. In the process of developing a course, needs analysis takes a big part in setting the result to be achieved by the learners. This study offers a needs analysis data to use as a framework for designing the TEFL Methodology course. The method of the study was a survey. Data were gathered through questionnaires and document analysis. The findings are: 1) English teachers believe that language proficiency is as important as their pedagogical competence, 2) Pre-service English teachers view that the current course needs to give more attention to student teachers' professional growth both in language and pedagogic competence, 3) there is no balance in theory and practice provided in the current course, and 4) the current course did not improve their knowledge and skills to develop a lesson plan, select and adapt teaching materials, to select and design assessment, conduct classroom observation, and to demonstrate reflective teaching. T he results mean that the course should be revised to fulfil the needs of pre-service English teachers. It is also recommended for future research to focus on how to develop TEFL Methodology lesson design and textbook which meets with Indonesian Curriculum.

The most frequent challenge stated as a barrier to the implementation of English Medium Instruction (EMI) is the lack of English proficiency among faculty members, who are typically not trained to linguistically structure their lectures before adopting EMI in a classroom context. Therefore, this study was aiming to determine the faculty members' perspectives on EMI, as well as the institutional policies regarding the plan for EMI implementation, and the type of training materials faculty members need the most. A mixed methods case study design was conducted at a private university on the Indonesian island of Sumatera using purposive sampling, with 67 faculty members from 11 departments responding to the questionnaire and 2 stakeholders being interviewed. The data was analyzed qualitatively yet employed quantitative calculations. The results indicated that (1) the majority of faculty members have positive attitudes toward EMI, (2) the stakeholders and the institution strongly support the implementation of EMI within the institution's policy, and (3) the language and communication use aspect is the most needed training material for EMI training. On the basis of this study's findings, it is strongly recommended that the EMI training for faculty members be conducted based on the needs of the faculty members for the success of EMI Program.

Despite the recent growth of mobile instant messenger (MIM), research into the correlation between English learners' learning gains, learning engagement, and how this engagement helps develop authentic relationships remains underexplored. This mixed-method study involved 222 college English learners to investigate their engagement in team-based mobile learning (TBML) assisted by "WhatsApp" as an MIM and its relationship with their learning gains. In addition, it was designed to document the social construction of existential and relational authenticity between teacher and students. The study collected data on students' online learning engagement through an online survey, and their learning achievement was measured by the course final examination. Grounded in thematic discourse analysis, the study collected qualitative data from the archives of "WhatsApp" group chats. Retrospective reflection was also used to triangulate the findings. The findings show the value of MIM to develop strong engagement and authentic relationships in socio-constructivist learning as the precursor to learning achievement.

As a response to the status of English as an international language and lingua franca, the integration of local culture now becomes a new trend of teaching English, particularly in outer-circle countries. This review study is intended to give a better understanding of current practices of local culture integration in ELT and its impacts on learners' attitudes and engagement in Southeast Asia. The thematic approach was used to interpret the outcomes of the 25 selected articles. The results are reported in three synthesis statements, defining (1) the geographical spread of local cultural integration in the ELT in Southeast Asia, (2) the impact on learning attitudes and engagement, and (3) the practices of local cultural integration. By interpreting the results of the review, suggestions are made for teachers and researchers to pursue more diverse practices in integrating local culture since it offers a constructive attitude, high motivation, and good engagement in learning English.

The present study aims to investigate the interplays among students' writing self-efficacy, students' research literacy, teachers' immediacy, and teachers' clarity in facilitating the writing enjoyment of EFL postgraduate students in Indonesia. This quantitative research was designed by using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) as a model analysis. A questionnaire of 40 items adapted from previous studies was used to measure the variables. One hundred fifty EFL postgraduate students in Indonesian universities filled out the questionnaire. Path analyses demonstrated positive relationships among the variables, meaning that students' writing self-efficacy and research literacy and teachers' immediacy and clarity impacted writing enjoyment. Nevertheless, the findings demonstrated that correlations between teachers' immediacy, teachers' clarity and students' writing enjoyment are not statistically significant, indicating that teacher-related factors, namely teachers' immediacy and clarity, may not have significantly impacted students' writing enjoyment. The pedagogical implications and future research directions are examined further.

This research study aimed at revealing the strategies employed by successful English as a Foreign Language (EFL) doctoral candidates in accomplishing their dissertation writing and their perspectives in association with the stages of research report writing. This is a narrative qualitative inquiry, and the data were collected through an in-depth interview with ten successful EFL fresh graduates who had completed their dissertation writing within six and seven semesters. Using a retrospective technique, the respondents were asked to recall their experiences and activities during the process of writing their dissertation. The results reveal that the successful doctoral candidates used four main strategies of dissertation writing: cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies. In completing each of the dissertation stages, the doctoral candidates spent much time reading a huge collection of research articles, writing their dissertation on a daily basis, and having intensive consultation with their advisors. This study would be useful for EFL doctoral students to avoid delay in completing their studies and to meet their academic timeline so that they can face their challenging dissertation writing to complete their study on time.

Pre-service teachers’ (PST) beliefs and practices have been agreed as an initially vital basis to continue maintaining a qualified learning process. This article reviews the research on PSTs’ beliefs and practices concerning teaching and learning English as a foreign language (EFL) and the exploration of the complex relationship between EFL PSTs’ beliefs and practices. It encompasses a discussion about the nature of teachers’ beliefs, an overview of PSTs’ belief formation, and some previous studies on PSTs’ beliefs. The review of related literature summarizes the empirical studies on PSTs’ beliefs and practices from 2011 up to 2020, which reveal the diversity and similarity of the studies on EFL PSTs’ beliefs. The result obtained in this study depicts that PSTs’ beliefs about EFL teaching and learning are affected by prior language learning experiences, teacher education, and teaching practices. Besides, some constraints in the classroom setting can trigger the beliefs change covering time restriction, curriculum emphasis, students’ misbehavior, students’ competence, students’ motivation, or even PSTs’ motivation and confidence. Finally, when their tacit beliefs turn into explicit beliefs, PSTs can identify and assess their beliefs attributed to their classroom practices, from which EFL PST education can be informed to design better courses and prepare PSTs’ future careers. HIGHLIGHTS: • EFL PSTs’ beliefs are acquired from many years of learning experiences they got from schools to teacher education, of which the condition has influenced what and how they learn to teach. • Their beliefs, then, influence what they say and do in the classroom, which, in turn, shapes their beliefs. • Some constraints in the classroom setting can trigger the beliefs changed: time restriction, curriculum emphasis, students’ misbehavior, students’ competence, students’ motivation, or even PSTs’ motivation and confidence.

Experiences of ethnic minority students in a culturally diverse school Being ethnic minority students in a culturally diverse school is a challenge. This study aims to explore the experiences of students from various ethnic groups as ethnic minority students in a culturally diverse school. These experiences cover both the barriers and the success of those students in adjusting to the culturally diverse school. Five students coming from diverse ethnic groups were recruited as the participants. This study adopted a qualitative design by using a semi-structured interview as the research instrument. The interview data were transcribed and then coded into several themes based on the focus of the research. The results showed that the ethnic minority students might find difficulties adjusting to the school at first. However, they gradually adjusted to the school because of these following factors: teachers’ support, students’ cohesiveness, students’ cooperation, and teachers’ equity. The results of this study imply that the ethnic minority students once experienced some challenges in adjusting to the school environment before they were facilitated with more positive schooling experiences related to student-student relationships and student-teacher relationships. Ketwords: adjusting process, barriers, ethnic minority students, experiences, multicultural education, culturally-responsive school Pengalaman siswa etnis minoritas di sekolah dengan beragam budayaMenjadi siswa etnis minoritas di sekolah dengan beragam budaya merupakan sebuah tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengalaman siswa dari berbagai latar belakang etnis sebagai etnis minoritas di sekolah yang beragam budaya. Pengalaman-pengalaman ini meliputi hambatan maupun keberhasilan para siswa tersebut dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan sekolah yang beragam budaya. Lima siswa yang berasal dari kelompok etnis yang berbeda direkrut sebagai responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur sebagai instrumen penelitian. Data hasil wawancara ditranskripsikan kemudian dikategorikan menjadi beberapa tema sesuai dengan fokus penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa etnis minoritas pada awalnya kesulitan menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan sekolah. Namun, lambat laun mereka bisa menyesuaikan diri dengan sekolah karena beberapa faktor, yaitu dukungan dari guru, kekompakan siswa, kerjasama siswa, dan perlakuan yang imbang dari guru. Hasil penelitian ini mengimplikasikan bahwa siswa etnis minoritas mengalami beberapa tantangan dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan sekolah sebelum mereka difasilitasi dengan pengalaman sekolah yang lebih positif yang berkaitan dengan hubungan antara siswa-siswa dan hubungan siswa-guru. Kata kunci: proses penyesuaian, hambatan, siswa etnis minoritas, pengalaman, pendidikan multikultural, sekolah yang responsif terhadap budaya.

Cohesive devices are essential elements that have long been recognized as important features of good writing. However, making use of them appropriately is viewed as problematic for learners. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to investigate Indonesian EFL learners' ability to use cohesive devices in their writings. Twenty EFL learners of a state university in Malang, East Java, Indonesia were required to write and send one piece of argumentative essay consisting of five paragraphs to be analyzed. Twenty essays were analyzed by identifying the number of correct and errors of grammatical cohesion. The errors were then evaluated to know the possible causes that contributed to the learners' errors. The results showed that the total number of grammatical cohesion used by the learners was 2386, while 175 of them performed errors. It was also found that there was a heavy reliance on the use of particular cohesive items. The intralingual transfer mostly caused the errors made by learners. This implied a need for writing teachers to apply strategies for the development of EFL learners' writing ability, such as exposing students to exercises, using collaborative learning, giving feedback, and using the learning management system.

This study aimed to examine the correlation between learner autonomy, digital competence, and writing achievement. It involved 92 first-year English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students who were enrolled in an intensive course (IC) program of the English department of a state university in Indonesia. This study used three types of data: learner autonomy level elicited by using a questionnaire, digital competence level elicited by using a questionnaire, writing scores that were obtained from the coordinator of the IC program. The research methodology used in this study was quantitative research. The bivariate Spearman correlation was applied to know the correlations between learner autonomy and writing achievement and the correlation between digital competence and writing achievement. The multiple linear regression was computed to examine the correlation of the combination of learner autonomy and digital competence towards writing achievement. The results of the study confirmed that learner autonomy was strongly correlated with writing achievement and digital competence was moderately correlated with writing achievement. The result also showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between a combination of learner autonomy and digital competence towards writing achievement. Therefore, pedagogically, teachers of EFL writing are suggested to promote autonomous learning and at the same time, use technology to foster EFL students' writing achievement.

As an important part of teacher professional development, a reflective practice started to flourish in the 1980s. Along with it, many scholars have researched reflective practice in various fields, one of which is English Language Teaching. The present study explores reflective practice by teacher educators in a doctoral program, focusing on how they reflect on the journey of planning their lessons ranging from their earliest teaching years up to their future hope. Narrative inquiry with a multiple case study design is employed in this study. The data in this study, which included both narrative and non-narrative data, are collected by using narrative frames and interviews. The data are then coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study show how learning from experience in lesson planning helps teacher educators improve their teaching performance.

This study aims to describe the satisfaction of host companies to internship students toward their competencies and performance and suggest improvements to the internship program. The research subjects were students who were undertaking internships in 64 institutions in Malang areas, both in the business and industrial world. Research data are obtained from questionnaires. The results showed that the qualifications of the internship students were in the range of good to very good. These findings are following the expectations of host companies, which also recognize that the competencies of internship students are in line with their expectations and needs. However, some students worked less efficiently, so host companies are not really satisfied. According to the host companies, three things need to be improved: (1) the duration of the internship, (2) monitoring, and (3) student readiness. Regarding the length of the internship, host companies suggest that the internship program's duration occupies at least three months. Host companies hope that the supervisors monitor all students who are apprenticed. Besides, the internship students should prepare in advance by giving them special provisions about the company's product knowledge and related hard skills and soft skills needed in the future jobs. These findings suggest the universities, faculties, students, host companies to develop both of the experiences and satisfaction as possible.

This study aims at investigating teachers’ and students’perceptions of autonomous learning in English language teaching and to what extent the teachers foster students’ autonomous learning. A set of questionnaire was distributed to 30 English teachers and 283 third-year secondary school students in the provincial part of Indonesia. The participants in this study were randomly selected. Furthermore, to obtain the supplementary data, an interview was conducted to two students from each school. The findings indicate that albeit positive tenets on autonomous learning were held by both teachers and students, they still had inadequate understandings of what autonomous learning concepts are. In terms of exposing students to autonomous learning, the teachers possess highly-driven endeavor. This study ends with suggestions for teachers and teacher education programs.

Abstract: This article gives a report on a study on the challenges faced by graduates of Teacher Professional Education Program in terms of lesson planning, execution stage, and evaluation. Narrative research is used for this study to understand present real-life experiences. The study revealed that the graduates of PPG experienced some challenges in those three phase of teaching and learning process; however, along with those challenges, they were able to give responses which they thought to be the most effective responses. Abstrak: Penelitian ini melaporkan hasil penelitian tentang tantangan yang dihadapi oleh lulusan Program Pendidikan Profesi Guru dalam merencanakan pembelajaran, mengimplementasikan rencana pembelajaran, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Penelitian naratif digunakan untuk memahami pengalaman nyata dalam kehidupan. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa lulusan program PPG mengalami beberapa tantangan dalam ketiga tahapan pembelajaran tersebut, namun bersama dengan itu, mereka mampu memberikan respons yang menurut mereka paling efektif untuk dilakukan

Abstract: Language transfer always becomes an interesting topic to discuss in SLA. From the two types of language transfer take place in the process of language learning, this research aims to investigate the positive transfer occurs in junior high school students’ writing skill. The two languages to be involved in this research, Indonesian as L1 and English as L2. The analysis of the positive transfer within writing skill in this research is carried out under the theory of ‘Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis’ proposed by Cummins. Correlational research design is employed to analyze the correlation between the students’ L1 (Indonesian) writing ability and L2 (English) writing ability. The analysis result shows that the positive transfer in students’ writing does not exist. This happens due to the lack of exposure that the students have in practicing L2 (English) writing. Abstrak: Transfer bahasa selalu menjadi topik yang menarik untuk dibicarakan dalam pemerolehan bahasa kedua. Dari dua jenis transfer bahasa yang terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi transfer positif yang terjadi dalam keterampilan menulis siswa SMP. Ada dua bahasa yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bahasa bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Analisis transfer positif dalam keterampilan menulis pada penelitian ini mengacu pada teori ‘Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis’ yang digagas oleh Cummins. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasional untuk menganalisis korelasi kemampuan menulis siswa dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada transfer positif yang terjadi dalam tulisan siswa. Hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya pajanan yang diterima siswa untuk mengasah keterampilan menulis dalam bahasa Inggris.

Abstract: Teacher leadership is a leadership attitude shown by the teachers involving idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. This study is conducted to investigate the relationship between teacher leadership and students’ motivation to learn English. By knowing the association between these variables, English teachers will be able to strategize in conducting the learning process in class to motivate their students. If students are motivated in learning English, then their performance and achievement might increase too. The design of the study is correlational. The relationship is determined by correlating scores from two questionnaires given to the students. The result indicated that there is a positive moderate relationship between teacher leadership and students’ motivation in learning English. The correlation coefficient is 0.342. It means that the higher the degree of teachers’ leadership, the higher the students’ motivation. In contrast, when the teachers have low degree of leadership, the students will gradually lose their motivation. In conclusion, the result of this study has shown that there is a significant relation between teachers’ leadership and students’ motivation. Abstrak: Kepemimpinan seorang guru dalam melakukan pembelajaran di dalam kelas dapat dilihat melalui beberapa hal, yaitu idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, dan individualized consideration. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi hubungan antara kepemimpinan guru dengan motivasi siswa dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris. Dengan mengetahui hubungan antar dua variabel ini, guru dapat mengatur strategi lebih baik dalam melakukan proses belajar di kelas. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan adanya hubungan positif yang sedang antara kepemimpinan guru dengan motivasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Koefisien korelasinya adalah 0.342. Hal ini berarti semakin tinggi kualitas kepemimpinan guru, semakin baik pula motivasi siswa dalam mempelajari Bahasa Inggris. Begitu pula jika guru mempunyai kualitas kepemimpinan yang rendah, maka besar kemungkinan bahwa lambat laun siswa akan kehilangan motivasi dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris. Kesimpulannya, kepemimpinan guru mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan motivasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the increase in social skills of fifth grade students through the implementation of the Fan N Pick and Inside Outside Circle models. This type of research uses a type of classroom action research with a qualitative approach. The research subjects in this study were students of Banyuajuh 2 Kamal Primary School with a total of 20, namely 8 male students and 12 female students. Data collection of students' social skills using observation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Fan N Pick and Inside Outside Circle models can improve the social skills of class V students. This can be proven by the increase in students' social skills, namely in the first cycle reached 74.2% and the second cycle reached 81.8%, so Social skills of class V students in the second cycle increased 7.6% compared to cycle I. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan sosial peserta didik kelas V melalui penerapan model Fan N Pick dan Inside Outside Circle. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik SD Negeri Banyuajuh 2 Kamal dengan jumlah 20 yaitu 8 peserta didik laki-laki dan 12 peserta didik perempuan. Pengumpulan data keterampilan sosial peserta didik menggunakan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model Fan N Pick dan Inside Outside Circle dapat meningkatkan keterampilan sosial peserta didik kelas V. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya keterampilan sosial peserta didik yaitu pada siklus I mencapai 74.2% dan siklus II mencapai 81,8% sehingga keterampilan sosial peserta didik kelas V pada siklus II meningkat 7,6% dibandingkan siklus I.

Abstract: This study primarily wanted to explore students’ views and how they employ translation-related strategies to learn English. Five students from the accounting department, Universitas Negeri Malang participate in this qualitative case study. The findings showed that students consider translation has a positive contribution to their English learning. They also mentioned learning activities by using translation that can be categorized into several learning strategies. It is expected that the results of the study can raise awareness and exercise cautious use of translation as an effective learning strategy in English for the benefits of the students. Abstrak: Penelitian ini ingin mengeksplorasi pandangan siswa dan bagaimana mereka menggunakan strategi terkait terjemahan untuk belajar bahasa Inggris. Lima mahasiswa dari jurusan akuntansi, Universitas Negeri Malang berpartisipasi di studi kasus kualitatif ini. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa siswa menganggap terjemahan memiliki kontribusi positif untuk pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Mereka juga menyebutkan beberapa kegiatan belajar yang terkait dengan penggunaan terjemahan yang dapat dikategorikan ke dalam beberapa strategi pembelajaran. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan melatih penggunaan terjemahan secara hati-hati sebagai strategi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang efektif untuk kepentingan siswa.

This study aims at discovering the emotional intelligence and receptive English skills of Tunisian IT students, studying the relationship between the two variables, and determining the best predictors of receptive English skills among the emotional intelligence categories. It involved 31 students of the Higher Institute of Technology and Communications Science of Tunis. Data were collected by administering an English proficiency test (TOEIC) and distributing an emotional intelligence inventory (Bar-On EI Inventory) to the students. The results of statistical analyses revealed that (1) the emotional intelligence and receptive English skills of the students were of average levels; (2) there was a significant positive correlation between the students' emotional intelligence and their receptive English skills; and (3) interpersonal and stress management categories of emotional intelligence were the variables that had the highest correlation with receptive English skills. It was also found that, in learning English language, the Tunisian IT students were driven and motivated by their goals and ambitions. In addition, their optimism, linguistic setting, and Tunisian culture strongly influence their receptive English skill.

Abstract: Attitudes Toward Extensive Reading Among English Teachers of Senior High Schools. This survey aims to investigate the attitudes of 32 English teachers of public senior high schools in a district in East Java Province, Indonesia, toward Extensive Reading (ER) as one of the ways of improv­ing reading habit, covering the teachers’ cognitive, behavioral, and affective attitudes. Questionnaires in the form of closed-ended and open-ended questions were used as the main instrument to collect the da­ta, complemented with interviews with sampled teachers to gain more in-depth understanding of the phenomena under study. The results show that cognitively, most English teachers have positive cogni­tive attitudes, which implies good understanding of ER. The teachers’ affective attitudes also reflect their eagerness to know more about implementing ER and to find ways of solving potential problems. However, in terms of behavioral attitudes, the data show that the teachers are still in doubt to conduct ER program due to several problems, such as time allotment, reading resources, students’ motivation, curriculum and school programs, learning assessment, and school rules. The findings imply the need for policy makers at school and government’s educational agencies, as well as experts in the field to help support the teachers in setting up ER program at schools by addressing the issues that teachers are con­cerned with. Abstrak: Sikap Guru Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Menengah Atas Terhadap Membaca Ekstensif. Studi survei ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki sikap (kognitif, konatif, dan afektif) dari 32 guru bahasa Inggris Sekolah Menengah Atas di salah satu kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia, terhadap mem­baca ekstensif sebagai salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kebiasaan membaca. Kuesioner dalam bentuk pertanyaan tertutup dan terbuka digunakan sebagai instrumen utama untuk mengumpulkan data, serta dilengkapi dengan wawancara dengan guru sampel untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mendalam tentang fenomena yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara kognitif, sebagian besar guru bahasa Inggris memiliki sikap kognitif positif, yang menyiratkan pemahaman yang baik tentang membaca eks­tensif. Sikap afektif guru juga mencerminkan keinginan mereka untuk mengetahui lebih banyak tentang penerapan membaca ekstensif dan untuk menemukan cara memecahkan masalah potensial. Namun, da­lam hal sikap konatif, data menunjukkan bahwa guru masih ragu untuk melakukan program membaca ekstensif karena beberapa masalah, seperti alokasi waktu, sumber bacaan, motivasi siswa, kurikulum dan program sekolah, penilaian pembelajaran, dan peraturan sekolah. Hasil-hasil ini menyiratkan per­lunya pembuat kebijakan di sekolah dan lembaga pendidikan pemerintah, serta para ahli di lapangan untuk membantu mendukung para guru dalam menyiapkan program membaca ekstensif di sekolah-sekolah dengan menangani isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan guru.

This study explores the effect of working memory capacity (WMC) and content familiarity (CF) on EFL reading comprehension. Seventy senior students from a private university in Malang, Indonesia, were involved in the study, having been selected based on their English proficiency of at least pre-advanced level. These students were required to complete a reading span test for the WMC and a multiple-choice reading test based on CF. The findings of this study show that there is no interaction effect between WMC as the main independent variable and CF as the moderator variable; this implies that the students with higher WMC comprehend texts better than those with lower WMC, regardless of whether they are familiar or not with the texts.

This paper reports on a study aiming to unravel the challenges that Indonesian novice teachers of English have to cope with, in terms of lesson planning and implementation, classroom management, and professional development. It also inquires into the teachers’ pre-service teacher education experience and support system provided by the school, which might relate to their challenges. The study is a qualitative case study involving eleven English teachers of secondary schools (junior and senior high schools and vocational schools) in Malang areas who have less than five years of teaching experience. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires followed up with semi-structured interviews as a means to clarify and elaborate what the respondents had written in the questionnaires. The study reveals various challenges faced by these novice teachers, including planning and implementing a lesson based on the 2013 Curriculum, designing and applying motivating learning strategies and assessment procedure that would be applicable to a class of students with a relatively low level of ability, and managing a big class. It concludes with some recommendations to bridge the gap between the pre-service and in-service teacher education and professional development.

Studies on potentials of feedback over English language teaching seem not to have not been well-revealed, including studies on the use of feedback to improve English pre-service teachers’ competence. The present study investigates to what extent a multimodal feedback can influence pre-service teachers’ teaching, and which teaching aspects are influenced. Twenty five pre-service teachers taking Microteaching Course served as respondents supervised by a course advisor. The data were collected by teacher observation in a rating-scale form, self-appraisal, and interviews. The data were analyzed by using correlated sample t-test and the eight teaching components proposed by Brown (2001). The results showed that after multimodal feedback provision, pre-service teachers indicated an improvement significantly in seven out of eight teaching aspects. The provision of multimodal feedback could improve their teaching competence on preparation, instructional objective elicitation, mastery of instructional materials, use of media, and classroom management, including classroom language. But, the results do not indicate that they perform well on reflection and follow-up due to some reasons. In addition, the results evince that multimodal feedback provision could improve pre-service teachers’ pedagogical competence when the multimodal feedback is integrated with content, interpersonal relationship, and management.

Logical fallacies are common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of an argument. In argumentative writing, the presence of logical fallacies such fallacies shows either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claim. The purpose of the study is to identify and discuss logical fallacies in the argumentative writing of Indonesian EFL learners. 40 argumentative essays were collected from the students of the English Department of the State University of Malang who have passed all the writing courses, including the course on argumentative writing. The results of the study shows that students still produced a number of logical fallacies in their work, some of which were so basic they can actually be avoided through simple, explicit instruction. Some pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed.

This quasi experimental study aims to investigate how written retelling technique affects the reading comprehension of university students having different personality learning styles (introverted vs. extroverted). A reading comprehension test and a questionnaire were utilized to collect the data. Two groups of students were involved in the study, with the experimental group receiving the treatment of being taught using a written retelling technique and the control group being taught using the oral retelling technique. The results of the study revealed that the first group of students showed better performance in reading comprehension test than the latter group. Even though there was a significant difference between the extroverted and the introverted students in reading comprehension achievement, the findings suggest that written retelling technique was more effective regardless of the personality learning styles. Permalink/DOI: dx.doi.org/10.17977/um015v45i12017p027

Abstract: Digital resources have been proven able to assist English language learners in improving their interaction skills, widening their vocabulary range, and enhancing their reading comprehension. Despite their benefits, digital tools can also create distractions for students. This article reports on the result of a survey to 150 vocational students on Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) materials. The students agreed that MALL materials were more authentic (67%) and more accessible (59%) than traditional learning materials. The use of MALL materials could trigger classroom interactions (64%) and facilitated learning (56%). The implementation of MALL materials allowed students to get immediate feedback from the teachers (73%). Abstrak: Sumber daya digital telah terbukti dapat membantu pelajar bahasa Inggris dalam meningkatkan keterampilan interaksi, memperluas jangkauan kosa kata, dan meningkatkan pemahaman bacaan mereka. Selain bermanfaat, alat digital juga dapat menggangu proses belajar. Artikel ini melaporkan hasil survei terhadap 150 siswa kejuruan terkait dengan implementasi materi berbasis gawai atau Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL). Ditemukan bahwa siswa sepakat bahwa materi MALL lebih otentik (67%) dan lebih mudah diakses (59%) daripada materi pembelajaran tradisional. Penggunaan MALL dapat memicu interaksi kelas (64%) dan memfasilitasi pembelajaran (56%). Dengan menerapkan materi berbasis gawai atau MALL materials di kelas, para siswa mengakui bahwa mereka bisa mendapatkan umpan balik langsung dari para guru (73%).

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the improvement of writing ability by employing project based learning strategy. It involved 32 students of tenth grade Design Communication Visual department in SMKN 1 Banyuwangi. The students were asked to write descriptive text by describing an innovative product design. The essay was analysed to measure the students’ improvement in writing ability. The research design of this study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The result revealed that the implementation of Project based learning significantly improved the students writing ability of descriptive text and it also proven improving aspects of writing; organization, content, vocabulary, and grammar. Key Words: project-based learning, writing skill, descriptive text Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti peningkatan kemampuan menulis dengan menggunakan strategi project based learning. Penelitian melibatkan 32 siswa kelas sepuluh jurusan Desain Komunikasi Visual di SMKN 1 Banyuwangi. Siswa diminta untuk menulis teks deskriptif dengan mendiskripsikan desain inovatif. Karangan dianalisis untuk mengukur peningkatan kemampuan menulisnya. Desain penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pene-rapan project based learning secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks deskriptif sis-wa dan juga terbukti meningkatkan aspek penulisan; organisasi, konten, kosa kata, dan tata bahasa. Kata kunci: pembelajaran berbasis proyek, keterampilan menulis, teks deskriptif

Abstract: This paper presents the integration between the use of technology and conventional learning and teaching process. Taking advantage of technology in classroom like the use of Wattpad by integrating with process-genre approach helps students to make the classroom activities become more efficient. This objective of this paper is to show the effect of using Wattpad in teaching and learning process by integrating with process-genre approach towards students’ writing achievement. The treatment starts from pre-test, and end with post-test. The result in this study shows after the students teach by using Wattpad gain better writing achievement than before using it. Abstrak: Penelitian ini berisi tentang integrasi antara penggunaan teknologi dan pembelajaran konvensional pada proses pembelajaran. Mengambil kelebihan dari teknologi pada pembelajaran di kelas, seperti penggunaan Wattpad dengan mengintegrasikan pendekatan Process-genre, hal ini meningkatkan tingkat keefisiensian kegiatan pemblejaran di kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keefektifan penggunaan Wattpad yang diintegerasikan dengan pendekatan process-genre pada proses pembelajaran terhadap penacapaian menulis siswa. Penelitian yang dilakukan dimulai dari pretest dan diakhiri dengan posttest. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan siswa yang telah belajar menggunakan Wattpad memiliki pencapaian menulis yang lebih baik daripada sebelum menggunakannya.