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Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El conocimiento de la dinámica de la humedad del suelo es de gran relevancia para su aplicación en estudios hidrológicos y climáticos, así como también es un parámetro que permite analizar procesos relacionados a usos y coberturas del suelo. Debido a esta importancia, se analizó la dinámica espacio-temporal de la humedad superficial del suelo (HSS) en el sur de la llanura pampeana argentina a partir de datos correspondientes a 6 localidades argentinas y en relación a un índice climático que involucra las variables de precipitación y evapotranspiración. La metodología incluyó análisis estadístico de correlación y estadística multivariada sobre bases de datos modelados y de reanálisis. Los resultados obtenidos muestran diferentes respuestas espaciales de la HSS, con máximos valores en el sector de mayor pluviometría del área de estudio, disminuyendo hacia el de mayor aridez y permitiendo inferir la influencia de la homogeneidad topográfica del área y el predominio de procesos verticales en el balance hídrico. A escala espacial, así como también a escala temporal, la dinámica de la HSS mostró una tendencia similar a la del índice climático, comprobada a través del cálculo del coeficiente de Pearson así como también se demostró que la respuesta de la HSS a los parámetros climáticos obtuvo mayor ajuste a una escala temporal de 3 meses. Dicha respuesta, de la HSS a los parámetros climáticos, se observó a nivel interanual así como también a nivel anual, con valores máximos y mínimos durante los años húmedo y seco, respectivamente y disminuciones de la HSS en las épocas de mayor temperatura (estación de verano). Espacialmente, la HSS mostró la misma tendencia de la precipitación, de NE a SO, es decir, con máximos en la región de mayor pluviometría y mínimos en la región más árida. El manuscrito, a partir del análisis de datos de diversas fuentes, clasificación de períodos sobre la base de su pluviometría y aplicación de métodos estadísticos, constituye un aporte acerca de la dinámica de la variable edáfica en un área en la que las actividades agrícola y ganadera constituyen el principal uso del suelo y en la que la alternancia entre períodos húmedos y secos influye sobre el riesgo de inundación o sobre las pérdidas económicas por desarrollo de intensas sequías, respectivamente.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growing processes of urban expansion have led to changes in the biochemical and physical properties of the hydrological systems in watersheds, not only by altering the hydrological conditions of the territory, but also by introducing pollutants into water bodies. Thus, diffuse pollution from stormwater runoff is considered one of the main causes of water quality degradation in receiving waters in urban areas, especially in rainy regions such as the South American tropics, where urban development and management processes are generally poorly planned. This article presents the results of an evaluation of the relationship between land use and runoff water quality, taking into account different rainfall characteristics. Sampling was carried out in Medellín, Colombia, in areas with different land uses. Basic water quality parameters and some sources of urban pollution were studied. The results showed that parameters such as total suspended solids have a high variability, especially in the residential area, which makes it difficult to control the activities carried out there. The highest levels of pollution were found in the industrial area, where the presence of covers with very low or no permeability and the increase in anthropic activity cause a strong alteration in the quality of runoff water. These results open the door to question the impact of land use on the chemical composition of rainwater and promote a better understanding of surface runoff water pollution processes, thus providing a complete vision of the interactions in an urban ecosystem, establishing a key tool for water management in urban watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge regarding soil wetness dynamics is relevant for its application in hydrological and climatological studies. It is also a parameter that allows the analysis of processes related to land cover and land use. Due to this importance, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the surface soil humidity (SSH) in the southern of the Argentinean Pampean Plains have been analyzed, based on data corresponding to six Argentine localities and in relation to a climatological index that incorporates rainfall and evapotranspiration variables. The methodology includes statistical correlation and multivariate analysis based on modeled and reanalysis data. The results obtained reveal a different response of the SSH at a spatial level, with maximum values in the highest rainfall region, diminishing towards the most arid zone. This allows us to infer the influence of the topographic homogeneity of the area and the predominance of vertical processes in the hydrological balance. At both a spatial and temporal scale, the SSH dynamics concur with the climatological index pattern, confirmed by a Pearson coefficient. It has also been shown that the SSH responds to the climatological parameters and that the highest correlation occurs at a three-month temporal scale. This response may be observed at an interannual and annual level, with maximum and minimum values during the wet and dry years, respectively and a decrease in the SSH during the warmest seasons (summer). The SSH displays the same tendency as the climatological index, from NE to SW, reaching a maximum in the rainiest area and minimum in the arid region. The manuscript, based on diverse sources analysis, pluviometric periods classification and statistical methods application, is a contribution related to the edaphic variable dynamics in a region in which farming activity constitutes the main land use and where the droughts and floods alternance has effects on the flooding risks and the economic losses as a consequence of intensive droughts, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La subdivisión predial es el proceso que divide la propiedad privada, impactando las cargas urbanas y ambientales sobre el territorio El municipio antioqueño de El Carmen de Viboral ha experimentado la influencia acelerada de este proceso. Aunque, la subdivisión predial es regulada por la ley colombiana, sus efectos han sido poco asociados desde un punto de vista urbanístico y ambiental. Por esta razón, en esta investigación se realizó un análisis espacio temporal de la subdivisión predial en este municipio, buscando identificar potenciales conflictos por uso del suelo. Para esto, se analizaron 720 licencias, teniendo en cuenta su año de expedición y localización, que se interceptó con los usos reglamentados en el POT. Como conclusiones de esta investigación se pudo identificar 4 períodos diferentes, el aumento predial en la periferia del casco urbano y los potenciales conflictos de uso del suelo generados en áreas de protección.

The municipality of Botuverá (Middle Valley of the Itaja-mirim River) has a morphology marked by hills with steep slopes and narrow valley bottoms, originally covered by an exuberant Atlantic Forest, which was modified by the anthropization that began at the end of the 19th century. The objective of the research was to analyze the uses of natural resources in the territory of Botuverá from 1876 until the end of the 20th century. Four periods were identified with the predominance of subsistence and commercial interest in extractive activities; land use for crops; and mineral exploration of gold, limestone, and lime production. Some activities have advanced from artisanal work to industry in a cycle that lasts just over 100 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in land use resulting from human activities occurs at both global and local scales. The present research focuses on the multi-temporal analysis of land use change on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos. Therefore, the analysis of land uses and their transition with vegetation cover was proposed to examine their evolution. Geographic Information Systems and the Supervised Classification technique were employed to identify changes in the terrain over time and the factors responsible for these alterations. In order to obtain accurate information about existing land uses in the study area, free satellite images were used, allowing the distinction of four distinct classes. Through this analysis, it was possible to determine the evolution of land use over a period of 32 years, spanning from 1991 to 2023. The results revealed that the classified areas underwent modifications due to both natural and human-induced factors, including livestock and agricultural activities, as well as demographic growth. To validate the obtained data, a confusion matrix was conducted, and the Kappa index was applied. These procedures demonstrated the robustness and agreement of the model used, ensuring high accuracy compared to reality. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive view of land use change on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, and offers relevant information about the factors that have contributed to such changes over time. The results have significant implications for sustainable land management and ecosystem conservation in this important region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agricolas is the property of University of Narino, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of the environmental quality of the largest rivers such as the Paraná, is a challenge for the different disciplines of environmental sciences. Considering that the water quality of the largest rivers is mainly affected by the contributions of pollutants through the tributaries, we evaluate, using a multidisciplinary approach, the environmental quality of the tributaries of the Paraná River in Argentina, whose subbasins are associated with different levels and types of anthropization. We also discussed the aptitude of different diagnostic tools used to study the quality of water courses associated with rural landscapes and proposed a new indicator of easy measurement to quantify the level of anthropization in these environments. We selected 6 sampling sites (SM) related with different level of anthropization, considering agricultural and/or livestock (A/G) and urban or industrial (U/I) activities. The general parameters of water quality were measured in situ, and water and sediment samples were taken for physical, chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological evaluation. The toxicity was evaluated by a battery of bioassays (Daphnia magna, Hyalella curvispina and Lactuca sativa). The frequency of bioassays that show significant effects correlated positively with anthropization. Lactuca sativa was particularly sensitive to pollutants of A/G origin, while crustaceans, to those from U/I. The combination of U/I and A/G activities increased the toxicological complexity of the watercourses, producing greater adverse effects. Although, in the rural areas the U/I activities represented a scale notably small in relation to A/G, their contribution to the deterioration of the toxicological quality of watercourses appeared significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los métodos para la clasificación de uso y cobertura del suelo (UCS) han mostrado avances importantes en los últimos años, como la incorporación de las técnicas de aprendizaje automático (machine learning-ML) que han ganado popularidad y aceptación por sus resultados. Sin embargo, la falta de consensos metodológicos ha provocado una aplicación desordenada de los métodos ML en la clasificación de UCS. Por lo que a través de la revisión bibliográfica practicada se identificaron puntos de la forma en que se están implementando los métodos, así como posibles implicaciones en la clasificación de UCS al darse de esta manera. Para dicha revisión se utilizaron únicamente artículos científicos publicados entre el año 2000 al 2020 y que consideraran alguno de los siguientes algoritmos para la clasificación de UCS: k vecinos más cercanos (K-nearest neighbor-KNN), bosque aleatorio (random forest-RF), máquina de soporte de vectores (support vector machine-SVM), redes neuronales artificiales (artificial neural network-ANN) y árboles de decisión (decision trees-DT). A través de los resultados obtenidos en la revisión bibliográfica, se reafirma el potencial de los algoritmos y se identifican puntos de mejora para la aplicación de ML en la clasificación de UCS, especialmente en la integración de los conjuntos de datos, la parametrización de los algoritmos y la evaluación de los resultados, generando a su vez una selección de buenas prácticas a partir de las recomendaciones de diversos autores las cuales consideramos serán de utilidad para usuarios interesados en estos métodos.

The agricultural production is more affected by the Climatic Change each day, motivate for that is required the application of measures that allow to minimize the negative goods of the droughts and other manifestations of changes in the climatic variables. The present work is carried out with the objective of to value the behavior of the climate during the last years in Camagüey municipality, and starting from the result, to propose measures of adaptation to the Climatic Change that facilitate the production of several cultivations in a sustainable way in this territory. For this it was used like reference the behavior of the climate and their goods in the production of several cultivations in this municipality during the last years; as a result of this study is demonstrated that it is necessary to change the traditional concepts of plantation for campaigns of cold and spring, and to work more with the presage of behavior of the climatic variables. There are intend three intervention lines: the application of measures of adaptation and attenuation for the administration of the soil, as well as techniques measures to increase the administration of use of the water, and the procedures for improve the knowledge about the Climatic Change among producers, technicians and officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudio busca la generación de espacios adecuados con criterios socioambientales para el crecimiento demográfico, generando una proyección de ordenamiento territorial del municipio por medio de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica incluyendo parámetros de criterio suministrados por la oficina de planeación de la gobernación del Huila, utilizando la superposición difusa, para la identificación de las áreas aptas de expansión demográfica, evidenciando que la zona urbana y suburbana del municipio, posee un 3% de área para zonas óptimas, 22% de área para zonas buenas, determinando que se puede realizar expansión hacia el sur y el oriente de la ciudad ambientalmente responsable.

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Residential land price is a critical component of housing prices and affordability, and existing studies of its influencing factors emphasize location and accessibility. This study analyzes the effects of neighborhood land use, especially employment and services, on residential land prices in Nanjing, a subcenter in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. We find that residential land prices are positively associated with producer services, as well as public and commercial services, and negatively associated with manufacturing. Further analysis reveals the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of manufacturing on residential land prices, which become positive in suburban regions. The effects of neighborhood land use on residential land prices are sensitive to the distance to the central business district. The geographically and temporally weighted regression model uncovers the temporal heterogeneity that the positive impacts of public and commercial services on residential land prices have been decreasing while the producer service is playing a more significant role. The results of this study contribute to the literature by shedding light on the impact of neighborhood land use on residential land prices based on spatial-temporal dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a methodological alternative to analyze land use trajectories. It takes as a case study and prototype an analysis of changes in land use at a general level in Argentina (the Pampas region, the Northwest, the Northeast, and Cuyo, excluding the Patagonia). The objective is to obtain a map with the highest possible resolution that allows to detect the following situations: 1) areas of recent agrarian frontier expansion; 2) areas of “consolidated” agriculture, and 3) areas of recent urban expansion. This paper focuses especially on the development of the applied methodology and a first attempt to validate it. Based on data from the European Space Agency (ESA) linked to the "Climate Change Initiative-Land" (ESA-CCI-LC) for the 1992-2020 period, a clustering of land use trajectories from distances is generated by means of editing distances (used for sequence analysis). There were 29 types of pixel-level trajectories obtained, validated by visual analysis, with an acceptable performance for detection of different trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ocoa river is important for development of the municipality of Villavicencio, but it is subjected to different types of anthropogenic activities along its course; they affect the diversity of bioindicator aquatic insects. The objective of this research was to determine the response of the functional and taxonomic diversity of aquatic insects (EPT) to land use in the Ocoa river. Water samples were taken to measure 19 ex situ physicochemical and bacteriological variables at 12 stations with different land uses (urban and industrial, agriculture, natural, fish farming, livestock) and the organisms were collected using Surber net. They were determined until genus and their respective functional traits were recorded. The effective numbers of species, functional diversity indices, redundancy and RLQ analysis were used. The assemblages were dominated by the genera Smicridea (Trichoptera), Lumahyphes and Americabaetis (Ephemeroptera); and the frequent functional traits corresponded to slow development, breathing through gills, soft and nonaerodynamic medium bodies with habit of clinging. The stations in the middle zone of the river, corresponding to the land use urban and industrial, presented low to no taxonomic and functional diversity. The functional traits presented characteristics associated with the type of substrate; trophic habits were mainly related to organic matter (coarse and fine). In contrast, the stations of the upper and lower zone presented the highest values of taxonomic and functional diversity, which were characterized by natural land use, livestock and agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La industria ganadera en la Península de Osa se remonta a 1948 y es una parte significativa del desarrollo local. Al comprender su estado actual, se pueden identificar oportunidades de mejora para las fincas de cría de ganado. Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción de bovinos en Bahía Drake y Puerto Jiménez, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Metodología: Visitamos sistemas de producción desde agosto de 2017 hasta abril de 2018 y realizamos entrevistas sobre productores, tierras, ganado y otros aspectos. Resultados: Evaluamos 43 sistemas de producción en P. Jiménez y 27 en Drake. En P. Jiménez, el 81% de las personas a cargo de la finca eran hombres y el 95% eran propietarios de tierras (media: 35 años de experiencia). El tamaño medio de la finca fue de 88 ha, con el 63% del área dedicada a pastos. El tamaño medio del rebaño fue de 77 animales, con una carga animal de 1,61 UA/ha. Los valores correspondientes para Bahía Drake fueron 89% de hombres, 95% propietarios de tierras, 25 años de experiencia; 79 ha, con el 39% de pastos; 44 animales, 1,21 UA/ha. Conclusión: En ambos sitios, la mayoría de las personas a cargo son propietarios masculinos y no hay diferencias marcadas entre ambos sitios en cuanto a fincas o rebaños.

This study evaluates the knowledge retention of the fifth cohort´s graduates of the Certificate in 'Local development planning, land use management, and disaster risk management' (PDLOTGR), an academic postgraduate program implemented in Latin America during 2020 and 2021. This is the second study on this Certificate´s performance. The first one focused on the evaluation of the first four cohorts 2016-2020. This longitudinal study is based on an evaluation prior to training and after certificate completion. The design includes an adaptation of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) method, a survey, the application of the KAP index, and the use of the Wilcoxon test to assess the difference between the two evaluations. The results confirm that the higher value obtained in the KAP post for the knowledge and practice sub-indices, as well as the KAP index, is statistically significant. These results show that there is a positive and lasting impact (6-14 months) of the PLDOTGR that places PLDOTGR graduates in a better position to work on complex issues linked to the security of the territory. The study reaffirms the usefulness of the KAP method to evaluate the perceived level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of a group of trained professionals.

Este artículo presenta una historia de la deposición de basura en la ciudad de La Paz, en Bolivia, sistematizando la información existente desde tiempos coloniales hasta la actualidad. El texto refleja las diferencias en la escala de la ciudad y la cantidad de basura tratada, en los lugares y técnicas de deposición, e incluso en los conceptos de basura, higiene y salubridad, y el rol del gobierno en su manejo. Describe para ello, a grandes rasgos, tres momentos: (1) desde el establecimiento de La Paz en 1548 hasta inicios del siglo XX, caracterizado por la formación descontrolada de “muladares” o basurales; (2) desde los años 10 hasta los años 90, en que el gobierno de la ciudad provee un servicio de deposición de la basura en botaderos municipales; y (3) la implementación reciente de los rellenos sanitarios y el reciclaje. Sin embargo, el texto también apunta a una constante relación de estos desechos con las cuencas del río La Paz y a un severo problema creciente –y aún presente- de contaminación debida a la inestabilidad del suelo y la presión del crecimiento poblacional urbano. El texto termina reflexionando en torno a las complejidades del manejo del suelo y la basura en una ciudad construida, básicamente, encima de los ríos, y señala el carácter de agente del propio río, tomando muchas veces venganza por la constante agresión de la que es sujeto por parte de la población urbana.

El trabajo presenta una alternativa metodológica para analizar trayectorias de uso de suelo. Toma como caso de estudio y prototipo un análisis de los cambios en el uso del suelo a un nivel general de Argentina (región pampeana, NEA, NOA y Cuyo). El objetivo es obtener un mapa con la mayor resolución posible que permita detectar las siguientes situaciones: 1) zonas recientes de expansión de frontera agraria; 2) zonas de agricultura “consolidada” y 3) zonas recientes de expansión de urbanización. Este trabajo se centra especialmente en el desarrollo de la metodología aplicada y en un primer intento de validación de la misma. A partir de datos de la Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA) vinculados a la “Climate Change Initiative-Land” (ESA-CCI-LC) del período 1992-2020 se genera una clusterización de trayectorias de uso del suelo mediante distancias de edición (utilizadas para el análisis de secuencias). Se obtuvieron 29 tipos de trayectorias a nivel píxel validadas por análisis visuales, con performance aceptable para la detección de diferentes trayectorias.

Airport location is a well-known planning issue that can have a significant impact on a city's accessibility, economy, noise pollution, and residents' well-being. In this article, we leverage existing open-source geoinformation and geographical information system (GIS) software to compute statistical indicators that allow us to characterize worldwide the extent to which airports are enclosed in their surrounding urban environment, considering both human overcrowding and actual land use around airports. A so-called enclosure index is developed based on the number of residents and their distance from the airport. A significant number of airports face a high enclosure index, but no clear relationships with air traffic volumes are found. This study also investigates actual land use around airports through a principal component analysis, which unveils interesting contrasts across airports' surroundings and suggests that, on average, airports with more traffic tend to be located close to—or within—densely built districts. All the original materials produced for this research, including the indicators, the computational code, and the visualization of the context of airports globally through atlas, are provided in open access for future research on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to generate adequate spaces for demographic growth with a socio-environmental criteria giving a projection for the territorial ordering of the municipality through Geographic Information Systems, including criteria parameters provided by the Huila government planning office, and using the diffuse overlap for the identification of suitable areas for demographic expansion. The results evidence that the urban and suburban area of the municipality has a 3% for optimal areas and 22% for good areas, determining that expansion can be carried out towards the south and east of the environmentally responsible city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a doctoral thesis focused on analyzing the support capacity of the environmental systems at the São Nicolau River Basin (SNRB), Piauí, Brazil, by means of bibliographic and geo-mapping surveys and field visits. Based on geoenvironmental characteristics, the basin was divided into six large environmental systems and their respective support capacity was verified. Results highlight that the Fluvial Plane environmental system, representing 74.61% of the basin's territory, has very low support capacity. Overall, more than 70% of the SNRB showed unstable environments despite being an area of low population density. Despite such low urbanization, the vast areas occupied by agricultural activities and extractivism together with its geoenvironmental characteristics corroborate the low support capacity of the basin. Thus, adequate planning that is consistent with the basin's limitations is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deforestation of forests in Brazil is a process known for many years. Recently with an emphasis on the Amazon, since other biomes such as the Atlantic Forest have already lost the vast majority of their area. This work modeled land use in the municipality of Itupiranga- PA, from maps observed between 1985 and 2018 and simulated until 2030 for a trend scenario and two alternative scenarios, one being optimistic and the other pessimistic under the influence of environmental protection areas. The modeling was developed using the open-source software Dinâmica EGO, which uses stochastic models of Markov Chains, cellular automata and weights of evidence that are calculated for each predictive variable applied to the modeling. The model predicts a 24% increase in deforested area in the trend simulation. For the alternative scenarios, the model simulated a reduction in deforestation of 8%, 18% and 71% for an increase of 9%, 18% and 46% respectively in the area of environmental protection. And with reductions of 9%, 17% and 45% of the protected area, the model simulated an increase of 7%, 14% and 34% respectively in deforestation. The relationship between CO2 emissions and deforested areas was observed, confirming the importance of preservation in the fight against the greenhouse effect and climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weasels are small mustelid carnivores that play an important role as predators of small mammals in a wide array of ecosystems. However, their response to land use, such as forest harvest for timber products, is seldom the subject of focused research and management projects. Both the American ermine, also known as the short-tailed weasel (Mustela richardsonii), and the long-tailed weasel (Neogale frenata) are native to Maine, United States, where commercial timber harvesting is widespread. The effects of this forest disturbance on weasels are poorly understood, so to contribute toward filling this knowledge gap, we conducted a 4-year, large-scale field study: specifically, our objective was to assess the effects of forest disturbance caused by timber harvest on occupancy patterns of ermines and long-tailed weasels occupancy patterns in Maine. We collected data from 197 survey sites (three camera traps each) over 4 years and analyzed over 7,000 images of weasels using dynamic false-positive occupancy models. We found that American ermines were widely distributed across the state (naïve occupancy at 54% of sites), while long-tailed weasels were rarer (naïve occupancy at 16% of sites). Both species responded positively to forest disturbance, with higher occupancy probabilities as disturbance increased, especially at the larger scales. American ermines were more likely to occupy stands with a higher percentage of conifer trees, while no such relationship was found for long-tailed weasels. We conclude that current forest harvest practices in Maine are not detrimental to weasel populations, but that the two species warrant continued monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El suelo puede actuar como emisor o sumidero de gases efecto invernadero dependiendo de factores de manejo del suelo. La modelación de las reservas (stocks) de carbono del suelo por la metodología del IPCC permite definir cambios de las existencias de C del suelo en sistemas productivos de sistemas tropicales. Se aplicó la metodología del IPCC a nivel de detalle Tier 2 usando valores por defecto en diferentes escenarios de factores de manejo de suelo como uso del suelo (poli y monocultivo; a corto/largo plazo), tipo de labranza (total, reducido y sin laboreo), nivel de entrada de residuos (alta, media y baja), con el fin de estimar los stocks de C del suelo finales a partir de la determinación de stocks de C de referencia, las tasas de pérdidas y/o ganancias de C del suelo, y las emisiones y/o absorciones de CO2 del suelo a la atmósfera en diversos sistemas productivos de la Orinoquia con proyecciones a 20 años, para proponer estrategias de mitigación frente al cambio climático global. Los resultados mostraron que la conversión de monocultivo de arroz de Villavicencio para el sistema de monocultivo de arroz en rotación con maíz y soya de Granada se estaría aumentando el stock de C en cerca de 12,31 t ha en 20 años, equivalente a 0,61 t ha-1 año-1, lo cual reduciría las emisiones en 2,27 t CO2 eq ha-1 año-1. El cambio en el uso del suelo de sistemas de monocultivo de cacao de Puerto López en sistemas agroforestales de cacao con Acacia mangium de Villavicencio y de pasturas mejoradas de Granada en sistemas silvopastoriles de pasturas mejoradas con A. mangium de Puerto López incrementaría los stocks de C del suelo en cerca de 17,72 y 40,92 t ha-1 en 20 años, equivalente a 0,88 y 2,04 t ha-1 año-1 y se neutralizarían emisiones en cerca de 3,25 y 7,48 t CO2 eq ha-1 año-1, respectivamente. Frente a las estrategias de sostenibilidad del suelo y el cambio climático, los sistemas agroforestales y/o silvopastoriles como de sistemas en rotación, mostraron un balance positivo de almacenamiento de C en el suelo y negativo en los niveles atmosféricos de gases efecto invernadero, que pueden contribuir en parte a mitigar los efectos negativos del cambio climático de la Orinoquia y de los gases efecto invernadero generados en el país y/o en el mundo.

Benthic macroinvertebrates are indicators of environmental quality. The presence, diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates in aquatic ecosystems refer to the interaction and conditions of the environment, the quality of water and sediments, and the degree of impact of human activities and tributaries on the river system. This work presents the results of a study that aimed to understand and discuss the influence of land use and occupation on the diversity of macroinvertebrates from river confluences in the municipality of Guarapuava, Paraná. Four river confluences representing different land uses were chosen: urban, industrial, agricultural and natural arboreal vegetation. The aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected in three stretches of the confluences, downstream and upstream of the fluvial junction in the main river and in the tributary. In total, 233 individuals were collected, divided into sixteen taxa, and two, three classes and one phylum, being twelve from the Insecta class, three from Mollusca and one belonging to the phylum Platyhelminthes. It is concluded that in the areas of fluvial confluences the environments are impacted by the quantity and quality of water and solids from the tributaries and their environmental condition determines the presence and diversity of macroinvertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of the infiltration is essential to estimate the surface runoff after a rainfall event. The curve number (CN) method is one of the most widely used to estimate the amount of runoff, in this work, the curve number has been calculated in two watersheds located in the Southeastern Spain, considering the land uses of the Corine Land Cover and SIOSE projects along different periods, and the soil classifications of the LUCDEME project and the MAGNA geological map. The results obtained using Geographical Information Systems show that, although the land uses change the CN, the highest variation is due to the consideration of the hydrological group of the soil as type B or C. Continuous simulation of soil moisture, in plots with specific crops and irrigation, over the study period has resulted in antecedent moisture values close to the CN II hypothesis during considerable periods of the year.

This study aims to describe, classify, and analyze the most common anthropogenic factors that have altered the landscape. For this reason, the city of Diyarbakır, one of Mesopotamia's largest and most urbanized cities, was chosen as an example of several anthropogenic factors. Several field surveys were conducted to determine the most common anthropogenic activities in the study area. They were then classified into four categories: marble quarries, aggregate quarries, water bodies, and built-up areas. A series of satellite images spanning 1975 to 2019 were analyzed by investigating time-based anthropogenic changes. The trends, distributions, and overall impacts of 177 locations were examined and monitored through remotely sensed images. Between 1975 and 2019, a total of 25224 ha of land were transformed, according to the findings. "Water bodies" were the most extended of the studied classes. The second most rapidly expanding class was "Built-up areas." The "Built-up areas" class was assumed to be the most effective agent that will continue to modify the land of the study area, given the need for more construction spaces. Surface mining activities can also be assumed to be an efficient agent that will continue to modify the lands of Diyarbakır in the future, considering the export potential of marble products and the demand for construction material. Water resources and building materials supply should be examined in depth throughout future development planning of such urbanized cities to minimize anthropogenic degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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