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Background: Because much of diabetes management during pregnancy occurs at home, self-management factors such as self-efficacy, self-care activities, and care satisfaction may affect glycemia. Our objective was to explore trends in glycemic control during pregnancy in women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes; assess self-efficacy, self-care, and care satisfaction; and examine these factors as predictors of glycemic control. Methods: We conducted a cohort study from April 2014 to November 2019 at a tertiary center in Ontario, Canada. Self-efficacy, self-care, care satisfaction, and A1C were measured three times during pregnancy (T1, T2, and T3). Linear mixed-effects modeling explored trends in A1C and examined self-efficacy, self-care, and care satisfaction as predictors of A1C. Results: We recruited 111 women (55 with type 1 diabetes and 56 with type 2 diabetes). Mean A1C significantly decreased by 1.09% (95% CI −1.38 to −0.79) from T1 to T2 and by 1.14% (95% CI −1.43 to −0.86) from T1 to T3. Self-efficacy significantly predicted glycemic control for women with type 2 diabetes and was associated with a mean change in A1C of −0.22% (95% CI −0.42 to −0.02) per unit increase in scale. The exercise subscore of self-care significantly predicted glycemic control for women with type 1 diabetes and was associated with a mean change in A1C of −0.11% (95% CI −0.22 to −0.01) per unit increase in scale. Conclusion: Self-efficacy significantly predicted A1C during pregnancy in a cohort of women with preexisting diabetes in Ontario, Canada. Future research will continue to explore the self-management needs and challenges in women with preexisting diabetes in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The femoral shaft fractures constitute 50% of all femoral fractures. The objective is to observe the outcome of diaphyseal femur fracture treatment of femur shaft with the union and full weight bearing by bridge plate osteosynthesis among adults. METHODOLOGY: A Prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute/Lahore General Hospital. A sample of 30 patients was calculated using WHO calculator. Convenient sampling was used for patient selection. After reducing the fracture (indirectly), the other end of the plate was also fixed with screws. Data was collected at 6th months post-operatively to see radiological union and weight-bearing status. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Fisher exact test was applied. p-value≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 34.66±9.22 years. Gender distribution of patients shows that 17% of the patients were females, and 83% of the patients were male. At the 6th month follow-up, all 30 (100%) patients had achieved bony union. At the 5th month, 14(46.7%) of the operated cases were allowed to bear 36-45 Kg weight (p=0.024), and in the 6th month, there were 20(66.7%) operated cases were allowed to bear full weight after the radiological union (p=0.013). CONCLUSION: Bridge plating technique is a safe, easy, and effective method of fixation for comminuted diaphyseal fractures of long bones in terms of bony union and weight bearing. It has a high rate of union with fewer complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]