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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming an increasing public health problem. A study that reviewed patients receiving treatment in hemodialysis centers reported 79.2% of patients from Jigawa State to be managed for CKD. This study aimed to find the factors associated with CKD among adults from high-burden kidney disease areas of Jigawa State. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study design that utilized mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) of data collection (sequential explanatory) was used to study eligible respondents from the four local government areas (LGAs) reported to have a high burden of kidney disease. The modified WHO STEPS questionnaire, key informant interview, and in-depth interview guides were employed to collect information from the eligible selected community members. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were used, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative interviews. Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 102 years, with a median of 45 (interquartile range = 30–80) years. The period prevalence over the past five years (2018–2023) of having kidney disease in the family was 67 (18.6%), while the point prevalence (currently having a patient with kidney disease) was 51 (14.1%). In terms of the distribution of cases by LGAs, Jahun reported more cases, 33.3% in the family within the last five years, followed by Hadejia 18.7%. In the same vein, respondents from Jahun 28.9% and Hadejia 16.5% reported more current cases of kidney disease in the family. The prevalence of ever had patient with chronic kidney disease in the family was significantly higher among those with systolic hypertension (BP) ≥140 mmHg (29.3%, P < 0.001). Elevated systolic BP was significantly associated with currently having a kidney disease patient (23.3%, P = 0.001). The interviews revealed late presentation and noncompliance to medications among those with risk factors as the perceived facilitators of kidney disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of kidney disease was alarming in the high-burden kidney disease areas. The government should develop a sustainable model for mass community screening of risk factors and community-based health insurance to effectively manage all identified cases.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the outcome of the 2023 diphtheria outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst all line-listed diphtheria cases reported from Jigawa State, Nigeria, using the 2023 Integrated Disease and Surveillance Response line list of cases that met the World Health Organization case definition of diphtheria. A total of 245 line-listed cases from January 2023 to December 2023 met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a P value set at ≤5%. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of the outcome of the 2023 outbreak. Results: The maximum age of the line-listed cases was 39 years, and the minimum was 1 year with a median of 8 (interquartile range = 5–8) years. More than two-thirds (68.2%) of the cases were ≥5 years of age. More than one-third of the cases (39.6%) were from the northeast senatorial zone of the state. Out of the total 245 cases, 14 died of the disease representing a case fatality rate of 6%, and an attack rate of 3.4 per 100,000 populations. The majority of the cases (95.5%) had fever, cough (81.2%), pharyngitis (86.9%), tonsillitis (96.7%) and laryngitis (82.0%). More diphtheria-related mortalities were recorded amongst cases

Malaria, anemia, and malnutrition are global health challenges with significant morbidity and mortality, and higher rates among children particularly in Africa. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of malaria infection, anemia, and malnutrition among school-going children of Charsadda (a city of Khyber, Pakistan). A total of 400 children of aged 5-10 years were included in the study in 2023. Malaria infection was confirmed by rapid diagnostic tests. Hematocrit level was obtained using a centrifuge microhematocrit and converted to hemoglobin using standard conversion. Nutritional status was determined by the anthropometric measurements, and demographic characteristics were obtained by questionnaire. Anemia and malnutrition were defined according to the World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between the predictor variables and primary outcomes. In current research work 400 children were selected for the assessment of malaria and nutritional status, malaria infection was found more frequent among the students 120(12%). In addition, high prevalence of anemia 105(10.5%), malnutrition 90(9%), and stunting 70(7%) was observed, while wasting 2(0.2%) and underweight 20(2%0 had very low frequency. Malaria infection, anemia, and malnutrition were observed in12%, 10.5% and 9% of the children population, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the current health problems among the school-going children of district Charsadda the prevalence of malaria, anemia and malnutrition and their co-existence in children 5-10 years.

Abstract The burden of postpartum depression (PPD), an important but largely neglected cause of maternal morbidity, is often increased by the presence of common co-morbidities, such as postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Additionally, stress and the absence of social support can amplify PPD risk. Understanding the relationship between these conditions will help identify at-risk women and allow prompt intervention. Using a prospective cohort design, we recruited 72 women who had experienced PPH and another 72 women who had not within 24 h of delivery to assess the risk of PPD among them. The cumulative incidence of PPD among all participants was 15.3% (19/124). There was insufficient evidence to suggest that women with PPH have a higher risk of PPD than women without PPH (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.55–3.13). Poor social support and high perceived stress increased the risk of PPD. We recommend screening for PPD among women with high perceived stress and low social support.

Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most significant crops and the backbone of food security worldwide. However, low wheat production remains a substantial concern in global agricultural systems. It can be attributed to several factors, including adverse climatic conditions, plant disease and poor soil quality. Recent efforts have explored bioinoculant applications as a promising approach to enhance wheat yield, trying to mitigate constraints essential for future wheat production and global food security. This study tested talc powder, wheat biochar, sugarcane bagasse biochar, and farmyard manure as carriers with two endophytic bacterial strains, Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN and Bacillus spp. MN54 was applied to three wheat varieties (Ujala-16, Zincol-16, and Fathejang-16). The data was recorded at the seedling and maturity growth stages of plants. A pot experiment revealed significant improvements in plant growth following bioinoculant application compared to controls. Notably, the combination of sugarcane bagasse biochar with Bacillus sp. MN54 exhibited the most pronounced effects, promoting internodal length, spike length, tiller number per plant, grain yield per plant, and spikelets per spike. Additionally, talc powder with Bacillus sp. MN54 increased peduncle length, tiller number per plant, and spike length in Fathejang-16. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing bioinoculant formulations for improved agricultural practices, adapting to climate change, and contributing to ensuring global food security.

Abstract Climate action under the Paris Agreement (PA) requires a strategic approach that addresses the climate action needs of the participating countries. The most relevant documents for identifying such needs are the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) submitted by the parties to the PA. Academia has paid insufficient attention to this dataset and has attempted to clarify climate action pathways by utilizing various established theories from different fields. As a result, a strategic framework for global climate action is lacking. This article examines the NDCs of 19 lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) to consolidate their climate action needs into a cohesive framework. A grounded theory approach with process coding techniques is employed, and the data are analyzed through three coding cycles: initial process coding, focused process coding, and conceptual process coding. The results suggest a 4 A cyclic process: assess, arrange, access, and action, which forms an integrated global response to climate change.

In this study, 316L stainless steel Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) samples were manufactured under three different building orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°). Mechanical, microstructural, tribological and corrosion resistance properties were analyzed for all samples. The results demonstrate that the build orientation significantly influences the microstructure, resulting in variations in grain size, texture and defect distribution. Specifically, 0° (Horizontal) samples exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including ultimate tensile strength of 784 MPa and a hardness of 292 HV, while the vertical (90°) samples showed enhanced wear resistance, characterized by reduction in the coefficient of friction. Corrosion resistance was found to be highest in the 0° samples, with a corrosion current density of 0.650 μA/cm2, compared to 1.580 μA/cm2 in the 90° samples. The results from this study show the non-linear effects of build orientation for certain properties and indicates that individual studies are not sufficient to predict the performance of LPBF parts. Therefore, combined studies are required for orientation-based optimization of the mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of LPBF parts. This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between build orientation and material properties, providing a pathway to tailor the properties of LPBF parts for specific applications.

Recent studies have focused on different aspects of green management, practices, and green consumption in the hotel industry. However, there is a need to explore and better understand the association between indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and green hotel guest’s comfort. Therefore, it is essential to explore the effects of IEQ on the comfort and satisfaction of green hotel guests. This study conducts a comprehensive review of the effects of various IEQ parameters, including indoor air quality, thermal comfort, lighting, visual/view, acoustic comfort, building characteristics, decoration, and indoor greenery, on guest’s comfort and satisfaction in green hotels. Based on previous literature, it was also revealed that most current green building schemes lack of comprehensive evaluation of the performance of IEQ dimensions in green hotels. It was also observed that these IEQ parameters show a significant influence on the hotel guest’s comfort and satisfaction. Based on the findings of the literature review, a conceptual model was developed to represent the relationship between the IEQ parameters and guest’s comfort and satisfaction. The proposed conceptual model can be implemented by the hotel management for a comprehensive assessment of guests’ perceptions toward the IEQ in green hotels. The novelty of this study is based on its findings that establish a more effective IEQ evaluation method and serve as the reference scenario of IEQ, which can be a useful tool for both academician and practitioners and contribute to improving the indoor environmental performance of green hotels through highlighting the key IEQ parameters, which affect the comfort and satisfaction of hotel guests.

Background: The effectiveness of reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) depends on increasing healthcare providers’ awareness, skills, and adherence to standard practices. Mhealth applications provide an innovative approach to enhancing access to information and resources while reducing time and expenses. Objective: The study aimed to develop and evaluate a mhealth application for healthcare providers that offers quick access to updated recommendations, evidence-based guidelines, and protocols for managing patients with HCAIs. Method: The study included the development of the app, followed by a pilot test of its usability among physicians and nursing staff by using the Mobile Application Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ). Results: The mhealth application, named HCAI Shield, was developed with four main menus. The menu includes HCAI’s care bundle: hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and standard precautions. The information has been gathered following standards established by both national and international organizations. Twenty-one participants took part in the evaluation, and the mean score for the application’s usability was 5.28 ± 0.38. The areas of “ease of use,” “interface and satisfaction” received high mean scores. Conculsion: The HCAI Shield app provides convenient access to evidence-based guidelines and standards for HCAI management. Further evaluation is recommended.

Abstract Amidst globalisation, tourism industry has emerged as a huge revenue source for different countries across the globe, most especially in the developed world. Nigeria is one of the developing countries that are yet to fully tap their tourism potentials, due to many socio-political factors. Beyond undermining the country’s quest for economic diversification, fallow tourist attractions across the country hypothetically negate internal safety and security, hence the need for empirical researches to inform policy interventions. This study specifically focused on Zuma Rock (in Niger state) to examine the relationship between the rock’s physical surrounding and criminal occurrences, analyse the feeling of safety among the residents of communities surrounding it, and establish the extent of their confidence in the formal agencies of social control. The study utilised area life cycle model to view the place of the rock in relation to other developed tourist sites, which shows it remains at the first stage of tourism development. Further, insight was drawn from defensible space theory to analyse the relationship between the rock’s physical environment and crime. A mixed-methods approach involving quantitative and qualitative data was adopted for the study. A total of 304 respondents across five communities surrounding the rock were randomly selected for questionnaire administration, and additional 80 were judgementally selected for a total of 10 FGD sessions—two in each of the five selected communities. In light of the area life cycle and defensible space framework, the study found that failure to develop a notable tourist attraction breeds crime. It is also found that the study population live in fear due to the prevalence of violent crimes in the rock’s vicinity, and their lack of confidence in formal law enforcement agents. It is therefore recommended that government should prioritise the development of the destination while making effort to strengthen the law enforcement agencies.

Abstract This research work focuses on investigating the propagation of ultrasonic waves, which propagate mechanical vibrations of molecules or particles inside materials. Ultrasound imaging is extensively used and deeply rooted in the medical field. The key technologies that form the basis for many different uses in the area include transducers, contrast agents, pulse compression, beam shaping, tissue harmonic imaging, techniques for measuring blood flow and tissue motion, and three-dimensional imaging. The third-order non-linear $$\beta$$ β -fractional Westervelt model has been used as a governing model in the imaging process for securing the different wave structures. The exact solutions of different types, including mixed, dark, singular, bright-dark, bright, complex and combined solitons are extracted. These solutions are obtained by using two newly introduced techniques, namely modified generalized Riccati equation mapping method and modified generalized exponential rational function method. Moreover, breather, lump and other waves are extracted by the assistance of logarithmic transformation and different test functions. The used methodologies are extremely effective and possess substantial computing capacity to effectively address the different solutions with a high level of accuracy in these systems. The techniques used are well-known for being effective, simple, and flexible enough to integrate multiple soliton systems into a unified framework. In addition, we provide 2D and 3D graphs that explain the behavior of the solution at various parameter values, under the influence of $$\beta$$ β -fractional derivatives. The results offered in this study may improve the comprehension of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the specific system and confirm the efficacy of the approaches used. We expect that our approaches will be beneficial for a wide range of nonlinear models and other problems in the related fields.

Abstract Background Mentoring plays a pivotal role in mentees’ professional advancement. However, the factors that affect career progression in informal mentoring relationships, especially with respect to faculty members, have not been extensively explored. This study aimed to explore the factors that affect career progression in informal faculty mentorings within mentor and mentee relationships. Methodology A Qualitative Exploratory Study was designed and conducted from May to October 2023. Faculty members with informal mentoring relationships were recruited through purposive sampling. Seven faculty mentors and eight faculty mentees from various institutions participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, which were audio-recorded and verbatim transcribed. The transcripts were then analysed using NVivo Software and coded. Braun and Clark’s framework was used for the thematic analysis. The study adhered to the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) checklist to ensure comprehensive and transparent reporting of the qualitative research process. Results A total of 76 codes emerged which were classified into six themes: (1) an ideal mentee, (2) an ideal mentor, (3) factors promoting the relationship, (4) the role of gender, (5) factors deteriorating the relationship, (6) overcoming barriers / trust-building strategies. Within each theme, mentor–mentee needs and behaviours were identified, which could lead to positive or deteriorating outcomes. Conclusion Factors affecting career progression in informal faculty mentoring sessions include mentees' positive mindset, internal motivation and clarity of vision, mentors' skills, reputation, and role modelling. Effective communication, trust, respect, and clear goals are also essential. Challenges, such as busy schedules, cross-gender mentoring, and societal biases, affect these relationships. Overcoming these barriers involves sharing experiences, psychosocial support, empathy, active listening, and feedback.

Biotechnology is a dynamic and revolutionary force in the modern objective of global sustainability, delivering innovative solutions to complex challenges across various industries. Biotechnology is an important instrument for achieving sustainable development goals because it combines applied research, technology, and biology. The aim of this review article is to analyze the various ways in which biotechnology contribute to the achievement of sustainable development. Biotechnology is critical for achieving sustainable development because it promotes positive social, economic, and environmental developments. Biotechnological advancements have the potential to radically change how we think about development, boosting resilience, adaptability, and long-term well-being. These might range from improving healthcare and protecting the environment to revolutionizing farming methods and increasing resource efficiency. This varied discipline not only addresses critical concerns like as food security, environmental degradation, and healthcare disparities, but it also sets the framework for a more harmonious and sustainable coexistence between humans and nature. Biotechnology is an important aspect of this intricate web of development, promoting innovation, encouraging wise resource management, and charting a course for a more just and sustainable future for future generations. Biotechnology has the potential to play a significant role in developing more productive and nutritious crops, production of biofuels and contributes in the healthcare development.

Abstract Background Tetanus is a clinical rarity due to the successful globally adopted childhood vaccination programme. The rising elderly population in the United Kingdom creates a subset of individuals whom are prone to develop Tetanus as they preceded this vaccination drive. Case summary A 76 year old Caucasian lady presented with a soil contaminated laceration injury on her knee following a fall. Though she received urgent assessment and wound care, the relevance of the injury in the backdrop of her age was not appreciated and her tetanus post exposure prophylaxis was overlooked. She readmitted seeking further management 1 week later with an infected wound with Trismus and clinical features favoring Generalized tetanus. During her stay she developed Takotsubo-cardiomyopathy with congestive cardiac failure and required prolonged care in the intensive unit with mechanical ventilation and rehabilitation before being discharged home. Conclusion First contact physicians should have a greater appreciation of the types of injuries and at-risk individuals who are more prone to develop tetanus upon exposure to ensure early and appropriate identification. There should be greater situational awareness with regard to the elderly in view of their heightened risk of development of tetanus specially those born before the vaccination drive. Knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis measures for tetanus should be regularly updated using local guidance to ensure awareness, so as to despite its rarity Tetanus remains an adequately appreciated disease.

Abstract Background Recently, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP) have provided promising results in the free-form radiological reports’ classification in the respective medical domain. In order to classify radiological reports properly, a high-quality annotated and curated dataset is required. Currently, no publicly available breast imaging-based radiological dataset exists for the classification of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories and breast density scores, as characterized by the American College of Radiology (ACR). To tackle this problem, we construct and annotate a breast imaging-based radiological reports dataset and its benchmark results. The dataset was originally in Spanish. Board-certified radiologists collected and annotated it according to the BI-RADS lexicon and categories at the Breast Radiology department, TecSalud Hospitals Monterrey, Mexico. Initially, it was translated into English language using Google Translate. Afterwards, it was preprocessed by removing duplicates and missing values. After preprocessing, the final dataset consists of 5046 unique reports from 5046 patients with an average age of 53 years and 100% women. Furthermore, we used word-level NLP-based embedding techniques, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and word2vec to extract semantic and syntactic information. We also compared the performance of ML, DL and large language models (LLMs) classifiers for BI-RADS category classification. Results The final breast imaging-based radiological reports dataset contains 5046 unique reports. We compared K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Gradient-Boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Biomedical Generative Pre-trained Transformer (BioGPT) classifiers. It is observed that the BioGPT classifier with preprocessed data performed 6% better with a mean sensitivity of 0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.391-0.812) compared to the second best performing classifier BERT, which achieved mean sensitivity of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.477-0.607). Conclusion In this work, we propose a curated and annotated benchmark dataset that can be used for BI-RADS and breast density category classification. We also provide baseline results of most ML, DL and LLMs models for BI-RADS classification that can be used as a starting point for future investigation. The main objective of this investigation is to provide a repository for the investigators who wish to enter the field to push the boundaries further.

Abstract Cybersecurity threats have become more worldly, demanding advanced detection mechanisms with the exponential growth in digital data and network services. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are crucial in identifying illegitimate access or anomalous behaviour within computer network systems, consequently opposing sensitive information. Traditional IDS approaches often struggle with high false positive rates and the ability to adapt embryonic attack patterns. This work asserts a novel Hybrid Adaptive Ensemble for Intrusion Detection (HAEnID), an innovative and powerful method to enhance intrusion detection, different from the conventional techniques. HAEnID is composed of a string of multi-layered ensemble, which consists of a Stacking Ensemble (SEM), a Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA), and a Conditional Ensemble method (CEM). HAEnID combines the best of these three ensemble techniques for ultimate success in detection with a considerable cut in false alarms. A key feature of HAEnID is an adaptive mechanism that allows ensemble components to change over time as network traffic patterns vary and new threats appear. This way, HAEnID would provide adequate protection as attack vectors change. Furthermore, the model would become more interpretable and explainable using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME). The proposed Ensemble model for intrusion detection on CIC-IDS 2017 achieves excellent accuracy (97-98%), demonstrating effectiveness and consistency across various configurations. Feature selection further enhances performance, with BMA-M (20) reaching 98.79% accuracy. These results highlight the potential of the ensemble model for accurate and reliable intrusion detection and, hence, is a state-of-the-art choice for accuracy and explainability.

Abstract This paper proposes a novel approach for absolute velocity estimation of unmanned aerial vehicles in unknown and unmapped GNSS‐denied environments. The proposed method leverages the advantages of Fourier‐based image phase correlation and utilizes off‐the‐shelf onboard sensors, including a downward‐facing monocular camera, an inertial sensor, and a sonar. The non‐matching tracking approach is particularly appealing, offering accurate estimation while remaining robust against frequency‐dependent noise, significant intensity variations, and time‐varying illumination disturbances. In the proposed method, the first step involves computing global pixel motion from consecutive images using phase correlation, which utilizes the shift property of the Fourier transform. This pixel motion estimation serves as the basis for creating a closed‐loop solution for absolute velocity estimation. To further enhance accuracy, a Kalman filter is implemented to fuse all available data and provide a reliable velocity estimate. Validation of the proposed visual‐inertial technique is conducted through simulation experiments using AirSim and real‐world flight tests. The results demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the approach across a range of challenging scenarios.

Introduction The "gold" standard for the treatment of late stages of coxarthrosis is total hip arthroplasty. Direct anterior approach (DAA) refers to minimally invasive surgical interventions in orthopaedics. Extended anesthetic measures in combination with low-traumatic surgical techniques may reduce postoperative pain and accelerate patient's recovery. The purpose of the study was to compare the recovery times of patients after hip arthroplasty using DAA in combination with PENG block, lateral cutaneous femoral nerve (LCFN) block and without extended anesthetic measures. Materials and methods A prospective randomized comparative clinical study was performed, which involved 62 patients divided into two groups: the study one (n = 29) and the control one (n = 33). In both groups, arthroplasty was performed using DAA. Patients of the study group underwent PENG block and LCFN block. The patients in the control group did not receive extended anesthesia. The evaluation criteria were pain assessment using the visual analogue scale (VAS), administration of painkillers, patient’s mobility and the length of hospital stay. Results The VAS score for pain in the study group were lower than in the control group after 6 hours — 3.7 (3.4; 4.1) and 4.3 (4.2; 4.8); 24 hours after surgery — 3.5 (3.3; 3.6) and 4.1 (3.9; 4.5) (p < 0.001). After 48 hours, the indices were comparable: 3.5 (3.1; 4.1) and 3.7 (3.6; 3.9) (p = 0.19). The rate of requests for pain relief in the first 24 hours was lower in the study group than in the control group: 2 (1; 2) and 3 (2; 3) cases (p = 0.003). The results of the manual muscle test after 6 hours and 24 hours were comparable (p > 0.05). The time interval between the end of the operation and the first walking on crutches was shorter in the study group — 3.1 hours (2.9; 3.4) and 3.98 hours (3.8; 4.2) (p < 0.001). The length of hospital stay was shorter in the study group: 1.5 (1.2; 2) and 2.5 (2; 3) days (p < 0.001). Discussion Lower postoperative pain allows faster activation of patients, thus improving the results of the early rehabilitation period. Conclusion The use of PENG block and LCFN block in arthroplasty with the use of DAA has clinical effectiveness in the first 24 hours, and helps to accelerate the postoperative recovery of patients.

Climate action requires differentiated mitigation and adaptation strategies tailored to the national circumstances of countries worldwide. The first global stocktake (GST) and the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) submitted by parties to the Paris Agreement (PA) have clarified the pathways for global climate action. These submissions indicate that building the capacity of developing countries, as stated in Article 11, is a prerequisite for conducting assessments related to climate finance under Article 9 and technology development and transfer under Article 10 of the PA. This suggests that the approach to carbon reduction in developing countries differs from that in developed countries. Developed countries need to implement immediate mitigation actions while supporting developing countries in avoiding a carbon-intensive development path as they advance their less-developed sectors. Although global climate actors have significantly focused on climate finance and technology transfer, efforts to build the capacity of developing countries to access these resources have been inadequate. Therefore, capacity building in developing countries is essential for collective progress toward achieving the PA goal. The upcoming Conference of the Parties (COP29) should prioritize a capacity-building framework to strengthen the global response to climate change.

Ionizing radiation, emanating from decaying nuclides, poses potential biological harm to human organs. Wadi B, a village within the Jere local government area of Borno State, Nigeria, is currently undergoing oil exploration activities. This study was conducted to evaluate the outdoor gamma radiation levels at the Wadi B oil exploration site. Utilizing a portable hand dosimeter (Radiation Alert Inspector), gamma exposure levels (GEL) were measured across sixteen (16) spots within the exploration site. Results revealed that the gamma exposure levels measured in the boreholes FYM (1 to 8), range from 0.17- 0.27 Mr/hr, with an average of 0.21 Mr/hr while, the levels around the wells FYM (9 to 16) vary from 0.14- 0.25 Mr/hr, with an average of 0.18 Mr/hr. The estimated annual effective dose (AED) varied from 0.24528 to 0.47304 μSv/yr, averaging at 0.3460 μSv/yr. Notably, the average values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, and Gamma radiation exceeded the recommended limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006), which are 400 μS/cm for conductivity, (50-150) ppm for TDS, and 0.002 mR/hr for radiation doses, respectively. However, the calculated Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) values were lower than the proposed world average level of 70 μSv/yr by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). This study suggests a heightened risk of exposure to outdoor ionizing radiation among inhabitants residing near the study locations

The complex engineering problems (CEPs) are characterized by challenges such as: a) involving extensive or inconsistent, incompatible data from engineering and other offshoots, b) unable to be solved in the absence of in-depth engineering knowledge. The engineering teachers are not found successful in the design of a CEP because it does not touch the real issues from industry and / or environment. Therefore, the expertise of applicable skill cannot be evaluated and the reason behind this failure is the lack of or poor intellectual perception of the attributes of CEPs among the teachers. In order to help teachers, the relation between attributes, knowledge profiles and CEPs is elucidated in this work by giving examples. The main objective of this article is to establish an understanding of the student’s level of perceiving a complex engineering problem with respect to the learning domain. The Survey was conducted among 70 participants and the quantitative approach employed, utilizing a questionnaire survey and interviewing teachers to gather data from respondents selected through random probability sampling. It is concluded that Industrial training (like apprenticeships), laboratory practices and final year design project are good tools for the complex engineering activities/ exercises. The results obtained in the case study were found promising, therefore, it is recommended to extend this study by using various engineering institutions to ascertain a framework on CEP solving. skills.

Abstract Background Malaria is a global public health problem that disproportionately affects under-five children in poor resource countries. Nigeria accounted for the highest burden of malaria in Western Africa. Thus, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) programmes have been recommended and have been implemented across 9 states (Bauchi, Borno, FCT, Kebbi, Kogi, Nasarawa, Plateau, Oyo and Sokoto) in Nigeria. The study aims to measure the adherence to referral protocol and its associated factors among community drug distributors (CDs) and caregivers during SMC implementation in nine states. Methods The data of caregiver-child pairs that were identified with fever during the cycle one SMC implementation was extracted from the End-of-cycle (EoC) surveys carried out following cycles one SMC implementation in the study states. The surveys were completed within two weeks of the completion of SMC cycle one. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to explore the factors associated with adherence to referrals among caregivers-child pairs. Results The socio-demographic characteristics of caregiver considered in the model were not found to be significantly associated with children down with fever taking to hospital for treatment, however the caregiver whose child was referred by CDs had significantly higher odds of seeking healthcare compared to those that were not referred (OR: 1.892, 95% CI 1.081–3.310, p = 0.025). There are higher odds of children seeking treatment among those that were referred by CDs. Conclusion The study's findings shed light on the adherence to referral advice and the factors influencing caregiver behaviour during SMC implementation. Referral of sick child during SMC campaign appears to ensure health-seeking for malaria case management among caregivers-child peer in target communities.

Abstract Background Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) is one of the major concerns for cotton growers. The traditional approach to managing CLCuD involves the control of the vector (whitefly) population through the use of pesticides. This study compares the efficacy of zinc oxide, iron oxide, copper and silver nanoparticles with conventional pesticides. Nanoparticles dose was optimized by evaluating their phytotoxic threshold in our previous study. In this study, optimized doses of nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (100 ppm), iron oxide (50 ppm), copper (50 ppm) and silver nanoparticles (25 ppm) were applied in a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD). Morphological parameters (height of stem, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, staple length, boll weight and number of bolls), yield parameters (seed cotton yield and ginning outturn), chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll), biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage) and disease parameters (reduction infection, disease severity and disease incidence) were determined in this study. Results The incidence of cotton leaf curl virus was confirmed by triple antibody sandwich–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA). The pesticide Imidacloprid significantly reduced the infection by 79.3%. However, in comparison to pesticide, application of nanoparticles also reduced the infection. ZnO NPs reduced the infection by 42.33%, FeO NPs by 41%, Cu NPs by 34.7%, and Ag NPs by 44.8%. Moreover, these nanoparticles also improved the plant growth parameters as compared to control treatment. ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively. FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively. Conclusion Although treatment pesticide showed the least disease incidence compared to nanoparticles, nanoparticles are eco-friendly and safe as compared to pesticides. Farmers can apply these nanoparticles at their optimal thresholds through foliar application as an alternative to traditional pesticides. It is concluded that nanocomposites and hybrid modes may be used for managing CLCuD efficiently in the future. Graphical abstract

Plastic waste is an underutilized resource that has the potential to be transformed into value-added materials. However, its chemical diversity leads to cost-intensive sorting techniques, limiting recycling and upcycling opportunities. Herein, we report an open-loop recycling method to produce graded feedstock from mixed polyolefins waste, which makes up 60% of total plastic waste. The method uses heat flow scanning to quantify the composition of plastic waste and resolves its compatibility through controlled dissolution. The resulting feedstock is then used to synthesize blended pellets, porous sorbents, and superhydrophobic coatings via thermally induced phase separation and spin-casting. The hybrid approach broadens the opportunities for reusing plastic waste, which is a step towards creating a more circular economy and better waste management practices.

This paper discusses the newly discovered acoustic waves that arise from the equilibrium between the inertia of dust particles and plasma pressure. The propagation of these waves is demonstrated to be non-linear, with supersonic solitons exhibiting either a positive or negative electrostatic potential, and linear, with normal modes in a dusty plasma. Implementing the unified method and the generalized projective Ricatti equation technique, we generate a variety of optical wave structures for the governing framework. Using 3D and 2D dimensional illustrations, the fundamental behavior of the derived solutions is visually analyzed by choosing appropriate values for arbitrary parameters that satisfy the specified constraints. The employed methodologies are acknowledged to be a powerful and effective mechanism for creating solitary wave solutions for non-linear evolution models.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on research in health professions. METHODS: It was a qualitative case study. Semi-structured interviews were done with researchers who were selected through purposive sampling. After thirteen interviews, data saturation was achieved. The interviews were recorded on zoom, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed manually for codes, categories, and themes. RESULTS: This study explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health research through interviews with researchers, revealing three major themes and thirteen subthemes. The themes encompass the challenges encountered by researchers, the research opportunities provided by the pandemic, and modifications in ongoing and planned projects. All participants expressed that the pandemic brought numerous hurdles, including reduced research opportunities, challenges in data collection, small sample sizes, quality assurance concerns, and delays in project completion. However, it also offered silver linings such as the development of new competencies, a shift in research priorities, and increased reliance on virtual platforms for collaboration and data collection. These findings highlight both the obstacles and innovations prompted by the pandemic in health research. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted health research, acting as a catalyst for innovation, particularly through the increased use of digital tools and virtual platforms. While researchers faced substantial challenges like disruptions in methodologies and project timelines, these adaptations may persist as integral elements of the research paradigm in health professions, guiding future policy and practice beyond the pandemic.

In today's digital age, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has become a pivotal technology that improves network control and flexibility. Despite its advantages, the centralized nature of SDN also makes it susceptible to threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. This study compares the effectiveness of three machine learning models Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and Linear Support Vector Classification (LinearSVC) using the 'DDoS SDN dataset' from Kaggle, which contains 104,345 records and 23 features. An equal 70/30 ratio was used on model. The models were then assessed using measures such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, and ROC curves. Among the models, Random Forest outperformed the others with a 97% accuracy, precision values of 1.00 (benign traffic) and 0.94 (malicious traffic), and an ROC AUC score of 1.00. In contrast, Naive Bayes and LinearSVC recorded lower accuracies of 63% and 66%, respectively. These findings underscore Random Forest's effectiveness in detecting DDoS attacks within SDN environments.

In this study, an assessment of Radon concentration in some selected water sources from Kiyawa town, Kiyawa local Government area, Jigawa state, Nigeria was conducted. The results obtained show that the concentrations of Radon in the water samples ranged from 32.152 to 43.891 Bq/L, with mean values of 37.78 Bq/L and 35.13 Bq/L for well and borehole water respectively. These results were compared with the world average Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 Bq/L set by the World Health Organization (WHO), and it was observed that 60% of the recorded Radon concentrations, alongside the mean values for both water types, exceeded the WHO's recommended MCL of 10 Bq/L, as well as the MCL of 11.1 Bq/L set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1991. However, all mean values were below the recommended action level of 100 Bq/L set by the European Commission (2001/928/Euratom) for public water supplies, and WHO in 2008. Also, all the mean values of the annual effective doses exceeded the recommended level of 0.1 mSv/year set by the WHO. Consequently, it is recommended that the inhabitants of Kiyawa town boil their water, regardless of its source, before drinking to reduce Radon concentrations in the water.

Obesity was mainly regarded as a disease of developed countries, but currently there is a growing rise in the population of patients with obesity in developing countries of Africa. A body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher is regarded as obesity, and this may be associated with comorbidities such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, orthopaedic and psychiatric conditions, and cancer. There is conclusive scientific evidence that shows that obesity is caused by complex psychosocial, genetic and environmental factors. Diet and exercise are not effective as sole management of severe obesity. Bariatric surgery is the most cost-effective definitive treatment for all classes of obesity, and the associated weight reduction causes improvement or complete resolution of obesity-associated comorbidity, improves the quality of life and reduces all-cause mortality. It is estimated that about 15% of adults in Nigeria are obese, and in the year 2023, it was reported that only 214 bariatric procedures were done locally, with 134 (62.6%) being gastric balloon insertions, 75 (35.1%) primary weight loss surgeries and 5 revisional surgeries (2.3%). In this article, we discussed the existing weight loss options in Nigeria, the current state of bariatric surgery and the need to improve the practice of bariatric surgery for obese Nigerians and complications of obesity.

The research deals with the isoflavone genistein production, followed by the β-glucosidase production from Aspergillus oryzae. The Cajanus cajan leaf extract was prepared and the optimized extraction parameters were leaf powder weight (1 g), agitation time (75 min), and temperature (60°C). The optimal conditions for β-glucosidase production by submerged fermentation were 0.4% (w/v) (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source, 0.05% (w/v) MgSO4 as magnesium source, 2 ml (v/v) size of inoculum, and 60 min incubation time. The Al2O3 nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by optimal volume of leaf extract (25 ml) and procurement period (50 min) along with Al2NO3 and NaOH. The β-glucosidase immobilization on Al2O3 NCs improved the specific activity from 2.38 ± 0.002 to 5.64 ± 0.07 U·mg−1. The maximum genistein production was achieved with the rate of biotransformation (48 h) and enzyme concentration (1% (v/v)) along with the substrate level. In fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, the difference between both β-glucosidases free and Al2O3 immobilized was obtained with peaks at 1,120 and 2,150 cm−1. The X-ray diffraction analysis for the NCs was obtained from 10° to 80° with several intensities. and zeta potential size distribution was recorded at 16.2% of intensity with 206.4 d nm. After immobilization, the stability of the β-glucosidase was increased, thereby increasing its potential in the pharmaceutical, biofuel, food, and beverage industries.

Abstract The study investigates the interplay of land use dynamics and climate change on the hydrological regime of the Ravi River using a comprehensive approach integrating Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing, and hydrological modeling at the catchment scale. Employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, simulations were conducted to evaluate the hydrological response of the Ravi River to both current conditions and projected future scenarios of land use and climate change. This study differs from previous ones by simulating future land use and climate scenarios, offering a solid framework for understanding their impact on river flow dynamics. Model calibration and validation were performed for distinct periods (1999–2002 and 2003–2005), yielding satisfactory performance indicators (NSE, R2, PBIAS = 0.85, 0.83, and 10.01 in calibration and 0.87, 0.89, and 7.2 in validation). Through supervised classification techniques on Landsat imagery and TerrSet modeling, current and future land use maps were generated, revealing a notable increase in built-up areas from 1990 to 2020 and projections indicating further expansion by 31.7% from 2020 to 2100. Climate change projections under different socioeconomic pathways (SSP2 and SSP5) were derived for precipitation and temperature, with statistical downscaling applied using the CMhyd model. Results suggest substantial increases in precipitation (10.9 − 14.9%) and temperature (12.2 − 15.9%) across the SSP scenarios by the end of the century. Two scenarios, considering future climate conditions with current and future land use patterns, were analyzed to understand their combined impact on hydrological responses. In both scenarios, inflows to the Ravi River are projected to rise significantly (19.4 − 28.4%) from 2016 to 2100, indicating a considerable alteration in seasonal flow patterns. Additionally, historical data indicate a concerning trend of annual groundwater depth decline (0.8 m/year) from 1996 to 2020, attributed to land use and climate changes. The findings underscore the urgency for planners and managers to incorporate climate and land cover considerations into their strategies, given the potential implications for water resource management and environmental sustainability.

Abstract Euclidean space is the fabric of the world we live in. Whether and how geometric experience shapes our spatial-temporal representations of the world remained unknown. We deprived male rats of experience with crucial features of Euclidean geometry by rearing them inside spheres, and compared activity of large hippocampal neuronal ensembles during navigation and sleep with that of cuboid cage-reared controls. Sphere-rearing from birth permitted emergence of accurate neuronal ensemble spatial codes and preconfigured and plastic time-compressed neuronal sequences. However, sphere-rearing led to diminished individual place cell tuning, more similar neuronal mapping of different track ends/corners, and impaired pattern separation and plasticity of multiple linear tracks, coupled with reduced preconfigured sleep network repertoires. Subsequent experience with multiple linear environments over four days largely reversed these effects. Thus, early-life experience with Euclidean geometry enriches the hippocampal repertoire of preconfigured neuronal patterns selected toward unique representation and discrimination of multiple linear environments.

Abstract Introduction Traditionally, surgical procedures are explained through consultations between the surgeon and the patient to ensure informed consent. Patient education enhances engagement and knowledge, aiding informed decision-making. This study aimed to assess the effect of an educational video on preoperative patient knowledge and satisfaction in the context of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) as an adjunct to the consent process. Methods A prospective randomized controlled study involving 100 patients in dedicated elective orthopedic units in UK-based hospitals was conducted. After consultation with a dedicated knee surgeon and a preoperative education day for TKA run by dedicated orthopedic nurse specialists, patients were randomized into one of two limbs (video vs no video) at a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group (video group) was shown a video about the principles and steps of the procedure, including the recovery time. Following this, a 10-point knowledge test was completed, and patients rated their satisfaction with the preoperative education on a scale of 0–10. Results Patients in the video limb group had a significantly greater mean knowledge score and greater satisfaction with preoperative education than patients who did not view the video. The video group (n = 49) had a mean knowledge score of 8.73 +/− 0.159 compared to 7.68 +/− 0.281 for the nonvideo limb (n = 50) (p

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive haemoglobin disorder, affecting about 7.74 million individuals worldwide, but it is more prevalent among Africans and Asians. SCD is characterised by many complications, and it is a major health issue in Nigeria, the country with the largest burden of the disease globally. This work aims to present the design and implementation of electronic registries (ER) for SCD in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methods: Registry design was initiated during a staff exchange programme within the ARISE initiative (EU grant agreement no. 824021). Ethical approval was obtained, and paper records were retrieved and transferred into one adult and one paediatric database, developed with Microsoft Access. Results: Data from 2659 SCD patients were entered in the ERs, including 698 (26.3%) adults and 1961 (73.7%) children. There were 287 (41%) male adults, 404 (58%) female and 7 (1%) patients whose gender was missing. There were 1041 (53.1%) male children, 906 (46.2%) female and 14 (0.7%) whose gender was missing. Information on phenotype was available for 2385 subjects, and most of them (2082, 87.3%) were SS. The most prevalent SCD-related complication was painful events (26.6% in adults and 68.7% in children, considering valid cases). Conclusions: About 60% of SCD patients in the centre were included in the ERs providing useful, hands-on recommendations for future ER design in SCD. These ERs might be an appropriate tool for collecting and analysing SCD patients’ data.

Background and Aim: The dearth of new antibiotics necessitates alternative approaches for managing infections caused by resistant superbugs. This study aimed to evaluate the lytic potential of the purified bacteriophage PKp-V1 against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) harboring hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp)-K1 recovered from veterinary specimens. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 samples were collected from various veterinary specimens to isolate K. pneumoniae, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of various virulence and ESBL genes. Multilocus sequence typing of the isolates was performed to identify prevalent sequence types. The bacteriophages were isolated using the double-agar overlay method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, spot tests, plaque assays, stability tests, and one-step growth curve assays. Results: Among 17 (34%) confirmed K. pneumoniae isolates, 6 (35%) were hvKp, whereas 13 (76%) isolates belonging to the K1 type were positive for the wzy (K1) virulence gene. All (100%) hvKp isolates exhibited the allelic profile of ST258. Overall, PKp-V1 exhibited an 88 % (15/17; (p ≤ 0.05) host range, among which all (100 %; p ≤ 0.01) hvKp isolates were susceptible to PKp-V1. PKp-V1 exhibited a lytic phage titer of 2.4 × 108 plaque forming unit (PFU)/mL at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 37°C. The lytic phage titers of PKp-V1 at pH = 8 and 0.5% chloroform were 2.1 × 108 PFU/mL and 7.2 × 109 PFU/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Although the incidence of ESBL-infected K. pneumoniae in veterinary settings is worrisome, PKp-V1 phages showed considerable lytic action against the host bacterium, indicating the potential of PKp-V1 as a possible alternative therapeutic option against MDR K. pneumoniae.

Pati Aji Achdiat,1 Dini Atiyah,1 Fitri Yulianti,1 Endang Sutedja,1 Srie Prihianti Gondokaryono,1 Hermin Aminah Usman,2 Retno Hesty Maharani1 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Pati Aji Achdiat, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38, Bandung, West Java, 40161, Indonesia, Tel/Fax +62222032426 Ext. 3449, Email pati.aji.achdiat@unpad.ac.idIntroduction: Anogenital warts (AGW) are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 6 and 11. The highest incidence of AGW occurs in the age group of 15– 24 years. However, as life expectancy increases, there is a significant rise in the geriatric population worldwide. This demographic shift is directly proportional to the increasing number of STIs cases within the geriatric group.Cases: A case of AGW was reported in a 75-year-old man who had a history of erectile dysfunction medication use and recent sexual contact. During the physical examination, a hyperpigmented plaque with a verrucous surface was observed at the base of the penis. The results of the histopathological examination were consistent with the characteristics of AGW. In addition, HPV genotyping, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed the presence of HPV type 6.Discussion: The aging process leads to a decline in immune function among geriatric individuals, which causes susceptibility to infections, including STIs. Moreover, the geriatric population has a different level of susceptibility to STIs compared to younger individuals. Factors such as physiological changes, decreased sexual function, low awareness of STIs, and having multiple sexual partners further increase the risk of STIs in this age group.Conclusion: Sexual intercourse is an important component of the human life. However, the natural decline in sexual function due to the aging process often occurs with advancing age. As a result, many geriatrics seek various solutions in order to maintain sexual function and activity in old age. Since STIs can occur at any age, early detection and education are essential, particularly for the geriatric population.Keywords: anogenital warts, geriatric, HPV, immunosenescence, sexually transmitted disease

Ami Febriza,1,2 Anisah Ainun Zahrah,3 Nurul Sulfi Andini,4 Fityatun Usman,5 Hasta Handayani Idrus2 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; 2Centre for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Centre, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia; 3Study Program of Bachelor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; 4Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; 5Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Ami Febriza, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Tel +62-878-404-85864, Email amifebriza@med.unismuh.ac.idPurpose: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has significantly increased, with 537 million individuals living with diabetes in 2021. Curcumin, a natural compound present in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that aid in controlling diabetes. Curcumin can lower blood glucose levels, increase pancreatic cell function, and reduce insulin resistance. The pathophysiology of diabetes involves oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can lead to cell death. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of curcumin in rats by administering it for a month and evaluating pancreatic tissue histology.Patients and Methods: STZ-induced diabetic rats were fed a high-fat diet containing glibenclamide, 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) curcumin, 400 mg/kg BW curcumin, or a placebo for 4 weeks. After intervention, blood glucose levels were measured, and the pancreatic tissue was examined. Blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h.Results: One-way ANOVA was performed to measure the mean difference among the groups at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h of observation, which reported a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The blood glucose levels decreased after 4 h in the group receiving curcumin. Histological evaluation of the pancreas showed slight hydropic degeneration after 4 weeks of curcumin treatment.Conclusion: Our study indicates that curcumin has a beneficial effect in diabetic rats by reducing blood glucose levels and a protective effect on the pancreas.Keywords: curcumin, diabetes, blood glucose, antidiabetic, antioxidant, insulin resistance

Over the last two decades, urban floods and their impacts have been on the rise worldwide, owing to both climatic changes and human activities. The present study examines different at-risk elements, such as residential, commercial, and critical facilities, to evaluate their multi-components of vulnerability to urban floods in Peshawar, Pakistan. Based on the impacts of urban floods, the weightage of each component of the vulnerability for the selected elements at risk is defined. This study presents and uses the modified Fisher's ideal quantity index to combine the different vulnerability components into a single value. Additionally, the Patnaik and Narayan vulnerability index is employed to generalize sector-wise vulnerabilities across the study area. The results show that the old physical infrastructure of commercial and manufacturing units in the Kohati Gate area is highly vulnerable to urban floods, while the residential units are the least susceptible due to their distanced location from the drainage system. In Hayatabad, encroachments along the torrent's sides, affecting housing and educational institutions, contributed to increased vulnerability to urban floods, despite their relatively lower physical vulnerability. The study provides a new platform for understanding the multi-components of vulnerability to urban floods and tackling the challenges posed by urban floods effectively.

Background: Dysglycaemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) are important and preventable risk factors associated with kidney diseases, cardiovascular complications, and mortality worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with dysglycaemia and diabetes among adults in high-burden kidney disease areas of Jigawa State, Northwest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of representative sample of 361 adults, aged ≥18 years, was conducted in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, considered to have a high burden of kidney disease requiring hemodialysis. Data were collected using a modified World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire using a multistage sampling technique and were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, with statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The minimum age of the respondents was 18 and the maximum was 102 with a median of 45 (interquartile range = 30–80) years. The majority of the respondents 89.5% were >24 years of age. The prevalence of dysglycemia and DM in the high-burden LGAs was 10.5% and 3.6%, respectively. Dutse LGA had the highest prevalence of dysglycemia 16.7%, followed by Hadejia LGA with a prevalence of 12.2%. On the other hand, Hadejia LGA had the highest prevalence of DM 7.7%, followed by Jahun LGA with a prevalence of 3.3%. Age ≥40 years, family histories of diabetes, being overweight, alcohol ingestion, and previous blood sugar tests were identified as factors associated with DM. The odds of developing diabetes were significantly higher among those with a reported history of alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, and overweight. Conclusion: Dysglycaemia and diabetes are significant public health problems, and many people who have the conditions are unaware they have them. Family history of diabetes, alcohol ingestion, and overweight are important risk factors. The government and all the relevant stakeholders should prioritize community screening and other relevant interventions for early detection and timely management of cases.

Abstract Background Hypothermia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm and low-birth-weight neonates. In resource-constrained settings, limited referral infrastructure and technologies for temperature control potentiate preterm hypothermia. While there is some documentation on point-of-admission hypothermia from single center studies, there are limited multicenter studies on the occurrence of hypothermia among preterm infants in resource-limited-settings. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hypothermia at the time of admission and during the first 72 h after admission in northern Nigeria. Method We carried out a prospective cohort study on preterm infants admitted to four referral hospitals in northern Nigerian between August 2020 and July 2021. We documented temperature measurements at admission and the lowest and highest temperatures in the first 72 h after admission. We also collected individual baby-level data on sociodemographic and perinatal history data. We used the World Health Organization classification of hypothermia to classify the babies’ temperatures into mild, moderate, and severe hypothermia. Poisson regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for moderate-severe hypothermia. Results Of the 933 preterm infants enrolled, 682 (72.9%) had hypothermia at admission although the prevalence of hypothermia varied across the four hospitals. During the first 24 h after admission, 7 out of every 10 babies developed hypothermia. By 72 h after admission, between 10 and 40% of preterm infants across the 4 hospitals had at least one episode of moderate hypothermia. Gestational age (OR = 0.86; CI = 0.82–0.91), birth weight (OR = 8.11; CI = 2.87–22.91), presence of a skilled birth attendant at delivery (OR = 0.53; CI = 0.29–0.95), place of delivery (OR = 1.94 CI = 1.13–3.33) and resuscitation at birth (OR = 1.79; CI = 1.27–2.53) were significant risk factors associated with hypothermia. Conclusion The prevalence of admission hypothermia in preterm infants is high and hypothermia is associated with low-birth-weight, place of delivery and presence of skilled birth attendant. The prevalence of hypothermia while in care is also high and this has important implications for patient safety and quality of patient care. Referral services for preterm infants need to be developed while hospitals need to be better equipped to maintain the temperatures of admitted small and sick newborns.

Various kinds of reseources in coastal areas are very important for us to maintain sustainability. We can find coastal area with varios kinds of ecosystems in Ujung Kulon National Park. This study aims to determine the diversity of gastropods in the mangrove forest area of Ujung Kulon National Park. Sampling used the line transect method and the purposive sampling method with low tide conditions. Sampling was carried out at three stations which are divided into three transects at each station. The transect line was drawn along 50 m with each transect made 5 plots with a size 1 x 1 m2 with a distance between plots of 10 m. This research was held in May-June 2021. The data analysis includes the index values of diversity, dominance, evenness, and abundance. The results of the gastropod obtained consist of 20 species from 7 different families so that diversity index value were included in the medium category with the highest diversity index value owned by station 1 with a diversity index value of 2,03 and the lowest diversity index value owned by station 3 with a value of 1,56. The gastropod abundance index value has an average value of 273 ind/m2.

Digital media technology has a significant impact on life and using it for preaching (da’wah) is very important to expand the reach of the audience, including the younger generation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. A Google Form containing 22 open-ended survey questions was distributed to various universities in four provinces in eastern Indonesia. A total of 29 survey responses were recorded, but only 9 responses could be analyzed using theory-based data triangulation techniques. Informants highlighted two main themes: appealing aspects of digital da'wah and challenges and criticisms of digital da'wah. The findings emphasize the need for digital da’wah that adds to religious insight and is engaging. It also found that the younger generation dislikes preachers who tend to justify their own group and discredit other groups.

This paper proposes an intelligent faculty evaluation and ranking system in a fuzzy environment, with a focus on semester-wise evaluation rather than annual evaluation. This approach is warranted because a university’s academic goals may vary across semesters, affecting the selection and weights of performance indicators related to teaching effectiveness, research output, and official responsibilities. To achieve this objective, the authors introduce the concept of N-framed plithogenic hypersoft set (PHSS), where N represents the number of frames or semesters. Three types of N-framed PHSS are introduced, and an efficient rank reversal-free multi-criteria decision-making technique, namely NR-TOPSIS, is extended by embedding N-framed PHSS in the algorithm of NR-TOPSIS, termed as ENR-TOPSIS. The modified algorithm is capable of extracting data from a source file and producing the desired results. The procedure is implemented for faculty evaluation in a double-framed fuzzy environment, and sensitivity analysis is performed for the proposed ENR-TOPSIS. The developed framework combines intelligent systems that are adaptable and contain additional characteristics, making it more versatile and increasing its accuracy and transparency, in line with SDG-4, which focuses on quality education.

AbstractIn this article, truncated M-fractional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) with quadratic–cubic nonlinearity is under observation. The studied model is composed of chromatic dispersion, magneto-optic parameter and inter-modal dispersion. The NLSE is the most significant physical model to explain the fluctuations of optical soliton proliferation. The NLSEs have become more popular because of the clarity with which they explain a wide range of complex physical phenomena and the depth with which they display dynamical patterns via localized wave solutions. Optical soliton propagation in magneto-optic is currently a subject of great interest due to the multiple prospects for ultrafast signal routing systems and short light pulses in communications. The optical solitons are secured in the forms of bright, dark, singular and combo solitons. In addition, hyperbolic, periodic and exponential function solutions have been recovered. The modified Sardar subequation and enhanced modified extended tanh-expansion approaches recently developed integration tools are adopted in this study for securing the solutions. In nonlinear dispersive media, optical solitons are stretched electromagnetic waves that maintain their intensity due to a balance between the effects of dispersion and nonlinearity. The effect of parameters have been observed by allotting suitable values and sketching the different shapes of the graphs.

This study investigates the effects of the Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO) and Impulsive buying constructs on buyer's remorse, employing moderating variables such as conformity consumption and Celebrity Worship among users of SBT K-pop (sell-buy-trade) accounts on Twitter. The research utilizes data from 201 samples collected through questionnaires distributed via various social media platforms, including Twitter, Line, and WhatsApp. The study demonstrates that the constructs of Conformity Consumption and Celebrity Worship can serve as moderators in the prediction model of SBT K-pop buyers' remorse on Twitter. The relationships between these constructs were analyzed using the Smart PLS program with bootstrapping techniques.

Information regarding the radiation risk posed by radioactive emissions from the petrologic units in North eastern Nigeria is extremely limited. Consequently, there has been little research conducted on the environmental impact of radiation exposure from different petrologic units in this region. Hence, the 13 petrologic components of the area that comprises of the migmatites-gneiss (MG), banded gneiss (BG), biotite-hornblende granites (OGe), porphyritic biotite-hornblende granites (OGp), charnockytes (Ch), ignimbrites (JYG), basalts (bb), Keri-Keri Formation (KK), Gombe Sandstones (GS), Pindiga Formation (PS), Yolde Formation (YL), Bima Sandstones (BS), and alluvium (AL) deposits were assessed using aero-radiometric data (equivalent uranium, equivalent thorium, and percentage potassium radio-elements) acquired by Nigerian geological survey agency (NGSA) in 2009. The objective of this study is to compute the amount of radiation across the various rock units of the study area, and examine their radiation risk parameters. The results of this study showed variable levels of radiation across the various rock units examined. The average total activity concentration values recorded ranges from 261.67 ± 447.12 Bq/Kg across KK rock unit to 1482.02 ± 447.12 Bq/Kg across OGp/OGe rock types of the study area. Moreover, the average radium equivalent (Rn eq), absorbed dose rates (D) estimated ranges from 113.83±461.33 Bq/Kg to 305.19 ± 58.51 Bq/Kg, and 51.88 ± 29.65 nGyh−1 to 144.94 ± 29.65 nGyh−1 along KK Formation, OGp, and same KK Formation, and OGp respectively. The average environmental radiation hazard parameters of the annual effective dose rate (AEDE), activity utilization index (AUI), respiratory dysfunction parameters (RH in, RH out), annual gonad dose equivalent (AGDE), and excess life cancer risk (ELCR) measured across all rock units were found to be within or above their respective acceptable limits of 1 mSv/y, 300 μSv/y, and 0.29 × 10−3. Additionally, based on the conspicuously higher hazardous radiation (D, Rn eq, AEDE AGDE, RH in, RH out, and ELCR) emissions estimated from the OGp, OGe, MG, BG, and Ch petrologic units, the inhabitants of these localities should therefore limit themselves from excessive exposure to these rocks. Therefore, periodic monitoring of these areas is recommended.

In order to achieve high strength in concrete composites, various fiber reinforcements in plain concrete composites (PCC) are used. Steel is widely used for this purpose but the main issue in using steel as a reinforcement member is rusting, which results into structure deterioration. So, the alternative is to use a durable, environment friendly, and cost-effective natural fiber. Jute Fiber is used in this study for the reinforcement of plain concrete composites while, the plain concrete composites were made with cement, sand, and bricks waste. The comparative study of using bricks waste as an alternative material to crush bricks is also presented in this research study. Bricks waste and its disposal is becoming an environmental challenge. This study proposes jute fibers as a reinforcement element and uses bricks waste as an alternative material to crushed stone. M20 grade concrete with various volumetric percentages (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%) of 10 mm long jute fibers are produced. An increase of 39% and 37% in compressive strength and split tensile strength, respectively, was observed after the addition of jute fibers. Therefore, the use of jute fibers and bricks waste to replace crushed stone is an effective way to mitigate environmental pollution and sustainability issues.

Non-ionic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are non-ionic designer solvents with various applications in catalysis, extraction, carbon capture, and pharmaceuticals. However, discovering new DES candidates is challenging due to a lack of efficient tools that accurately predict DES formation. The search for DES relies heavily on intuition or trial-and-error processes, leading to low success rates or missed opportunities. Recognizing that hydrogen bonds (HBs) play a central role in DES formation, we aim to identify HB features that distinguish DES from non-DES systems and use them to develop machine learning (ML) models to discover new DES systems. We first analyze the HB properties of 38 known DES and 111 known non-DES systems using their molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories. The analysis reveals that DES systems have two unique features compared to non-DES systems: The DESs have ① more imbalance between the numbers of the two intra-component HBs and ② more and stronger inter-component HBs. Based on these results, we develop 30 ML models using ten algorithms and three types of HB-based descriptors. The model performance is first benchmarked using the average and minimal receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-area under the curve (AUC) values. We also analyze the importance of individual features in the models, and the results are consistent with the simulation-based statistical analysis. Finally, we validate the models using the experimental data of 34 systems. The extra trees forest model outperforms the other models in the validation, with an ROC-AUC of 0.88. Our work illustrates the importance of HBs in DES formation and shows the potential of ML in discovering new DESs.

Abstract This study explores the fractional form of modified Korteweg-de Vries-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation. This equation offers the physical description of how waves propagate and explains how nonlinearity and dispersion may lead to complex and fascinating wave phenomena arising in the diversity of fields like optical fibers, fluid dynamics, plasma waves, and shallow water waves. A variety of solutions in different shapes like bright, dark, singular, and combo solitary wave solutions have been extracted. Two recently developed integration tools known as generalized Arnous method and enhanced modified extended tanh-expansion method have been applied to secure the wave structures. Moreover, the physical significance of obtained solutions is meticulously analyzed by presenting a variety of graphs that illustrate the behaviour of the solutions for specific parameter values and a comprehensive investigation into the influence of the nonlinear parameter on the propagation of the solitary wave have been observed. Further, the governing equation is discussed for the qualitative analysis by the assistance of the Galilean transformation. Chaotic behavior is investigated by introducing a perturbed term in the dynamical system and presenting various analyses, including Poincare maps, time series, 2-dimensional 3-dimensional phase portraits. Moreover, chaotic attractor and sensitivity analysis are also observed. Our findings affirm the reliability of the applied techniques and suggest its potential application in future endeavours to uncover diverse and novel soliton solutions for other nonlinear evolution equations encountered in the realms of mathematical physics and engineering.

Laila Tsaqilah,1 Hedwika Advina Nastiti,1 Hermin Aminah Usman,2 Erda Avriyanti,1 Hartati Purbo Dharmadji,1 Risa Miliawati Nurul Hidayah1 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Laila Tsaqilah, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38, Bandung, West Java, 40161, Indonesia, Tel/Fax +62 822 8447 4849, Email laila.tsaqilah@gmail.comAbstract: Familial Reactive Perforating Collagenosis (FRPC) is a very rare form of benign dermatosis frequently presented during early childhood and not associated with systemic diseases. Less than 50 FRPC patients have been reported in the literature. Due to the limited number of cases, the pathophysiology of this unique entity remains elusive; moreover, no standard treatment has been agreed upon. Here, we report a case of FRPC in a 20-year-old male who was presented with generalized multiple discrete papules covered with central keratotic plugs in all regions of his body, particularly in the facial area, neck, abdominal, and extensor region of the extremities for more than 7 years. Similar symptoms were acknowledged in the patient’s family members. Histopathological analyses identified the crateriform shape invagination in the epidermis filled with inflammatory lymphocytes and basophilic debris and perforated by basophilic collagen bundles from the underlying dermis. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with FRPC. He was treated with topical desoximetasone 0.25% cream applied 2– 3 times daily. A follow-up evaluation after 4 weeks revealed a near-complete resolution of skin papules. To our knowledge, this is the first report of FRPC case from Indonesia. Unlike the majority of FRPC patients who had their disease onsets during infancy or early childhood, FRPC skin manifestations in our patient started during the adolescence period. The resolution of skin manifestations after daily application of topical desoximetasone suggests that topical corticosteroids are a potential treatment option for FRPC patients.Keywords: familial reactive perforating collagenosis, benign dermatosis, central keratotic plug, crateriform shape invagination, topical desoximetasone