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Berln Anket, Stop-Bang Anket Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ferda İlgen Uslu Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS), her ırk, cinsiyet ve sosyoekonomik düzeyde sık görülen bir uyku bozukluğudur. Tanısı esas olarak anamnez ve polisomnografi (PSG) incelemesinde dayansa da PSG çalışmaları; pahalı, eğitimli eleman ve deneyim gerektiren, zaman alan incelemelerdir. Ayrıca toplumda sık görülen uyku hastalıklarını incelemek için yeterli uyku laboratuvarı da yoktur (Netzer ve ark., 1999; Chung ve ark., 2008a) Bu nedenle hastaları inceleme öncesi taramak hasta seçimi açısından gereklidir ve anketler bu aşamada en önemli yol göstericilerdir. İdeal bir solunumsal uyku bozukluğuna ait hastalıkları tarama anketi, yanlış negatif sonuçlardan kaçınmak için yüksek bir duyarlılığa sahip olmalı, ayrıca düşük riskli hastaların maliyetli ve zaman alıcı incelenmelerini önleyecek kadar da özgün olmalıdır (Marti-Soler ve ark., 2016). Erişkinlerde uykuda apne varlığının anket yolu ile taranması hem pratik olması hem de maliyet etkinliği açısından önemlidir. Bu bölümde günlük pratikte ve klinik çalışmalarda en sık kullanılan iki anket olan Berlin anketi (BA) ve STOPBANG anketinden bahsedilecektir.

Automatically tracing elongated structures, such as axons and blood vessels, is a challenging problem in the field of biomedical imaging, but one with many downstream applications. Real, labelled data is sparse, and existing algorithms either lack robustness to different datasets, or otherwise require significant manual tuning. Here, we instead learn a tracking algorithm in a synthetic environment, and apply it to tracing axons. To do so, we formulate tracking as a reinforcement learning problem, and apply deep reinforcement learning techniques with a continuous action space to learn how to track at the subpixel level. We train our model on simple synthetic data and test it on mouse cortical two-photon microscopy images. Despite the domain gap, our model approaches the performance of a heavily engineered tracker from a standard analysis suite for neuronal microscopy. We show that fine-tuning on real data improves performance, allowing better transfer when real labelled data is available. Finally, we demonstrate that our model's uncertainty measure-a feature lacking in hand-engineered trackers-corresponds with how well it tracks the structure.

Painful ophthalmoplegia consists of periorbital or hemicranial pain with ipsilateral ocular motor nerve palsies. There are many etiologies of painful ophthalmoplegia. Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is an uncommon disease caused by non-specific inflammation of the cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure and the apex of the orbit. A 45-year-old female reported episodes of reversible left eye pain and diplopia. Examination showed periorbital oedema and left palpebral semiptosis, paresis of the partial left third nerve palsy with normal pupillary reactions, fourth and sixth left cranial nerves, and hypoesthesia over the first and second division of the left trigeminal nerve. Blood analysis, postcontrast cranial and orbital magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, cranial MR angiography and CSF analysis demonstrated no abnormalities. The clinical diagnosis satisfies the criteria for THS. After steroid therapy her symptoms and clinical signs dramatically reverses. Painful ophthalmoplegia with inflammatory conditions such as THS is highly responsive to corticosteroids but should be diagnoses of exclusion. The THS diagnosis should be used rarely and with great caution.

38 ÖZET: Sistemik Lupus Eritematozus (SLE), sebebi bilinmeyen, cilt, eklem, böbrek, plevra, perikard gibi bir çok doku ve organın inflamasyonuna bağlı, çok sayıda semptom ve bulgularla değişik seyir gösteren ve çeşitli immünolojik anormalliklerle karakterize otoimmün, kronik, iltihabi ve sistemik bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın kesin sebebi bilinmemektedir. SLE'nin başlamasında ve devam etmesinde genetik olarak yatkın bireylerde çevresel faktörlerin rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Son bir kaç yıl içinde SLE benzeri otoimmün hastalığı olan farelerde 3 otozomal resesif gende mutasyonun olduğunun gösterilmesi SLE'deki bozulmuş toleransın incelenmesi için yeni olasılıkları ortaya koymuştur (2,3,4). Bu 3 gendeki mutasyonun ortak özelliği programlı hücre ölümünde (apoptozis) defekte sebep olmalarıdır. MRL/Ipr, gld sıçan modelleri ve bcl-2 veya bcl-X/, transgenic sıçan modellerinden elde edilen bulgular apoptozisin bu hastalıkların özellikle SLE'nin patogenezindeki rolü üzerine çalışmaların yoğunlaşmasına sebep olmuştur. Fas (APO-1, CD95) 48 kD moleküler ağırlıklı, glikoprotein yapıda bir hücre yüzeyi molekülü olup ilk kez apoptotik hücre ölümüne neden olan molekül olarak 1989 yılında tanımlanmıştır (21). Fas/APO-1, NGF (Nerve growth factor)/ TNF ailesine mensuptur. MKL/lpr, gld sıçan modelleri ve bcl-2 veya bcl-xL transgenic sıçan modellerinden elde edilen bulgular apoptozisin bu hastalıkların özellikle SLE'nin patogenezindeki rolü üzerine çalışmaların yoğunlaşmasına sebep olmuştur. MRL/lpr Sistemik Lupus Eritemalozusta Solubl Fas Reseptörleri. Ruçhan USLU® 199739 sıçanlarının aksine SLE hastaların periferal mononükleer kan hücrelerinde Fas-R ekspresyonunun kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında artmıştır. Artmış FasR ekspresyonu hem B hem de T lenfositlerinde bulunmaktadır. FasR ekspresyonu ile klinik ve serolojik markırlar arasında herhangi bir korelasyon gösterilememiştir. Bu da SLE'de Fas/APO- l'in eksikliğinin muhtemelen hastalığın başlıca nedeni olamayacağını göstermektedir. Fas-APO-l'in otoimmün hastalıklarda diğer bir muhtemel rolü Cheng (40) ve arkadaşları tarafından 1994 yılında sFas/APO-1-R' formunun tanımlanmasından sonra ortaya çıkmıştır. SLE hastalarında sFas/APO-1-R düzeyleri ve klinik ve serolojik markırlarla ilişkisi konusunda yapılan çalışmalarda çelişkili sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Çalışmamızdaki amaç solubl Fas reseptörlerinin SLE hastalarında serum düzeylerinin saptanması, solubl Fas reseptör düzeylerinin hastalık aktivitesi, klinik renal bulgu varlığı, böbrek tutuluşu ve böbrek tutuluşunun tipi arasında ilişki olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Non invaziv yöntem olarak, solubl Fas reseptör düzeylerinin ölçülmesinin SLE'de böbrek tutuluşunun bir göstergesi olup olamayacağı da araştırılmıştır. Çalışmamızdan elde edilen bilgiler serum sFas/APO-1-R düzeylerinin SLE hastalarında ölçülmesinin herhangi bir klinik değeri olmadığını göstermektedir. sFas/APO-1-R'lerinin hastalığın patogenezinde önemli bir rol oynaması muhtemel değildir. Ayrıca SLE hastalarında hastalık aktivitesinin ve böbrek tutuluşunun ve tipinin Sistemik Lupus Eritematoaısta Solubl Fas Reseptörleri. Ruçhm USLU® 199740 değerlendirilmesinde serum sFas/APO-1-R düzeylerinin ölçülmesi anlamlı sonuçlar vermemektedir ve klinik değeri saptanmamıştır. Sistemik Lupus Eritematozusta Solubl Fas Reseptörleri. Rüçhan USLU® 1997 59

57 ÖZET TPO en büyük oranda tiroid dokusu mikrozomal fraksiyonda tesbit edilen glikozilienmiş, hemoprotein enzimdir. Tiroid hormonlarının sentezinde iyodinasyon ve kupling reaksiyonlarını katalizleyerek önemli rol oynar. Bu çalışmada kronik PTU tedavisi görmüş 6 hipertiroidili hasta ile tiroid hormon düzeyleri normal sınırlarda tesbit edilmiş 7 diferansiye, 1 hurthle hücreli toplam 8 tiroid karsinomlu hastanın doku TPO aktiviteleri Guaiacol metodu ile tayin edildi. Adenomatöz hiperplazili vakaların patolojik olarak normal kabul edilen perinodüler dokuları kontrol amacı ile kullanıldı. Hipertiroidili hastaların TPO aktiviteleri 45.73 + S. 86 GU/ 10C mg protein/ 30 sn karsinomlu hastaların 5.71 + 3.28 GU/ 10ü mg protein/ 30 sn, normal değerler ise 15.46 +6.33 GU/ 100 mg protein/ 30 sn olarak bulundu. TPO aktivitesinde hipertiroidili hastalarda %291 artış, kanserli hastalarda ise %369 düşüş görülmüştür. Her iki grup normallerle kıyaslandığında aralarında istatistiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Tiroid karsinomlarında bozulmuş protein sentezi, iyod alınımındaki defektler veya mevcut olabilecek inhibıtörler gibi nedenlere Dağlı olarak enzim inaktivasyonu görülmektedir.Bu durumda tiroid hormonlarının sentezinin aksaması beklenmelidir.Kanserli olmayan dokuda normal sentez devam ettiğinden plazma hormon düzeyleri normal seviyelerde58 bulunmaktadır. PTU tedavisi ile hormon üretimi normal seviyelerde tutulan hipertiroidi vakalarında TPO aktivitesi artmıştır. PTU varlığına rağmen TPO üretiminin artması ilacın enzim sentezi üzerinde etkili olmadığını, hastalığa bağlı olarak aşırı üretilen bir kısım TPO 'nun hormon sentezinde kullanılamadan PTU baskısında tiroidde reversible inhibisyonla tutulduğunu düşündürmektedir. Hipertiroidi ve tiroid karsinom vakalarında doku peroksidaz aktiviteleri tayinlerinden, hastalığın tanısında kullanılan metodları desteklemek amacı ile yararlanılabilir. Fakat doku çalışmalarında karşılaşılacak güçlükler nedeniyle rutin uygulamalardan ziyade araştırmaya yönelik kullanım için yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir. 59 SUMMARY TPO is a glycosylated hemoprotein enzyme which is found with a relatively high quantity in the microsomal fraction of thyroid tissue. It plays an important role in thyroid hormone synthesis by catalyzing the iodination and coupling reactions. In this study, the tissue TPO levels of 6 hyperthyroid patients with thyroid cancer, 7 differentiated, 1 Hurthle cell type with normal levels of thyroid hormone were determined by Guaiacol method. The perinodular tissues from the adenomatoid hyperplastic cases which had accepted as normal, were taken as a control group. The mean TPO activities were 45.73 + 8.66 GU/100 mg protein/30 sc and 5.71 + 3.28 GU/100 mg protein/30 sc in hyperthyroidism and cancer patients whereas it was 15.46 + 6.33 GU/lOOmg protein/30 sc in normals. The TPO activities were 291% increased in hyperthyroid and 369% decreased in cancer patient.There existed a highly significant stasticai difference between both groups and normals. There are enzyme mactivation in thyroid cancer due to some reasons such as demaged protein synthesis is probable. The plasma hormone levels were normal in cancer free tissue where the normal synthesis continues. In the hyperthyroid patients whose thyroid hormone60 synthesis, besides increased TPO due to disease state is trapped inhibited in the thyroid under PTU suppression. It is possible to get aid from determinations of tissue peroxidase levels to support the diagnostic methods in cases of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. But due to difficulties that may be faced during the tissue studies this method can be preserved for research purposes rather than routine uses. 82

ÖZET Bir devletin geçmişi, bugünü ve geleceği göz önüne alınırsa, gelecekte ancak arşivleri ile vardır diyebiliriz. Arşivlerin, ulusların idari, sosyal, kültürel ve siyasi hayatlarındaki yeri ve önemi bütün devletlerce kabul edilmiştir. Arşivlerin önemi içerdikleri değerli arşiv belgelerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Arşiv belgeleri, bilimin ve toplumun hizmetine sunulursa bir anlam ifade edebilir. Arşivlerde verilmekte olan danışma hizmetleri aracılığıyla arşiv belgeleri bilimin hizmetine sunulabilir. Danışma hizmetlerinin çağdaş anlamda verilebilmesi için hizmetlerde mikroformların, ve bilgisayarların kullanılması gerekmektedir. Günümüz teknolojilerinin danışma hizmetlerinde kullanılması, hizmetlerde hız, kolaylık, etkinlik ve ekonomi sağlamaktadır. ülkemiz Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 'ndan devraldığı arşiv belgeleriyle, dünyanın en zengin arşivlerine sahip sayılı ülkelerinden biridir. Arşivlerimizdeki belgeler, yalnızca Türkiye için değil Avrupa, Kuzey Afrika ve Yakındoğu ülkelerinin siyasi, iktisadi ve kültürel konulardaki sorunlarının çözümünde de önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenlearşivlerimizde araştırma yapmak isteyen yerli ve yabancı araştırmacıların sayısı da gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Osmanlı Arşivi'ndeki belgelerin hizmete sunulması için danışma hizmetlerinden yararlanmak gerekir. Ancak Osmanlı Arşivi'ndeki danışma hizmetleri yeterli ve etkin bir şekilde verilememektedir. Bu hizmetlerin çağdaş anlamda verilebilmesi için teknolojik gelişmelerden de faydalanmak lazımdır. Çünkü danışma hizmetleri, arşivleri ve içerdiği belgeleri kamuoyuna en iyi şekilde tanıtan unsurların başında gelmektedir. 194 SUMMARY ¥ When we consider the past, present and future of a nation, we can say that a nation can exist only with its archives. The crucial importance of archives in the administrative, social, cultural and political dimensions of a nation has been accepted by all nations. The importance of archives lies in the value of documents they contain. Archive documents could have some value only when they are presented to the use of science and society. Archive documents can be presented to the scientific community and society through reference services. The use of microforms and computers is absolutely, necessary for a modern reference service. The recent information technologies in reference services provide speed, efficiency, effectiveness and economy in these services. With the archives inherited from the Ottoman Empire, our country has some of the richest archives of the world. The documents in our archives are invaluable for solutions to the political, economical and cultural problems of not only Turkey, but also of European, North African and- Middle Eastern Countries. Therefore, thenumber of Turkish and foreign researchers who want to do research on our archives is increasing rapidly. In order to present the documents of the Ottoman Empire to the use of public, we need to develop the reference services. Unfortunately the reference services in Ottoman Archives are neither sufficient nor efficient. We have to use all the facilities of recent information technologies for the development of reference services, because it is impossible to present the archive documents to the use of public without these services. 192 194

3rd International Conference on Advances in Education and Social Science (ADVED) -- OCT 09-11, 2017 -- Istanbul, TURKEY WOS: 000431839500007 Considering the impact of immigration, it is reasonable to state that immigration influences both the immigrant and the immigrant's new society. The aim of this study is to determine the difficulties that teachers encounter when they have immigrant student in their classrooms, and to suggest solution strategies for them. The study sample consisted of 15 branch teachers who had immigrant student in their classes and who work at 30 August Public Elementary School in Mamak, Ankara. The study was designed with the descriptive analysis method, a qualitative research method. A demographic information form and a semi-structured interview form were used as data collection instruments of this study. The semi-structured interview form was designed from the literature findings and experts' opinions, and given to the participant teachers. The study findings suggest that the participant students did not often encounter difficulties with immigrant student in their classes. When faced with challenges or difficulties, the participant students tried to find solutions for problematic behaviors with individual efforts and with the help of counseling and guidance services at schools. Teachers had difficulty communicating with these students. They frequently made use of body language to communicate with them. With the aim to overcome this communication problem, it is recommended that these students should receive language courses in a separate classroom, and that this process should be organized by supreme institutions rather than by teachers. The immigrant student were observed to have low academic success because they do not know the language. The participant teachers were seen to make individual efforts to improve these students' academic success, which clearly indicates the necessity of teaching the language to immigrant student. On the other hand, some teachers were observed to put no effort to improve these students' academic success because they had difficulty communicating with them. Because the Turkish National Education Ministry does not have a specific education program for immigrant student, these students attend normal schools, which they do regularly. After they enroll at the schools, they are placed in classrooms for their age and peer groups. The participant teachers experienced classroom management problems with these students. However, teachers have not asked for any in-service training or courses regarding immigrant student. The teachers also encountered difficulties in communicating with the parents of the immigrant student. Additionally, these students were not able to communicate with their classmates, so they constitute groups within themselves. Therefore, teachers need additional educational programs for these students. It was found that the teachers did not experience any problem behaviors from these students. This study is of importance because teachers can provide these students with more effective educational opportunities and the problems they encounter can be minimized through the suggestions made in this study.

Moscovici defined Social representations as systems of values, ideas and practices that serve to establish social order and facilitate communication. They arise in an effort to make the unfamiliar, familiar. Starting from the Structural Approach, and from a reflection on the role that imagery can provide to overcome the bottlenecks of an exclusive "verbal", we will show that the same word “image” means a wide variety of phenomena. The distinction between picture and image, in fact, will be the starting point of our reflection. In particular, we’ll focus on the role of the picture as an iconographic representation and a particular form of image. Moreover we will try to underline that a picture is a concrete object offered to our perception, which exists as such, regardless of our perceptual identity. On the basis of these considerations, the presentation will be focused on the construction of a new tool called “Iconographical Stimuli”, a useful technique of data collecting in the field of the social representation Theory. The aim of this technique is to explore a social representation object, using situated images in a process of communication.

ADVED 2nd International Conference on Advances in Education and Social Sciences -- OCT 10-12, 2016 -- Istanbul, TURKEY, WOS: 000392977600035, This study deals with qualitative research method which is popular in social science and is based on interpretive paradigm. The primary purpose of this study is to explain philosophical foundation of qualitative researchs and differences from quantitive researchs; to reveal the importance of relation between aviation industry and qualitative research methods. Another purpose of this research is to discuss difficulties experienced by researchers who gather and analyze data by using qualitative research methods and in the context of industry. To reach to these aims, related literature is used.

3rd International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (SOCIOINT) -- MAY 23-25, 2016 -- Istanbul, TURKEY, WOS: 000400168100045, This study deals with Strategic Human Resource Management Approach which is used to obtain competitive advantage from human resources. This approach is critical to aviation industry as competition is intense because of deregulation and globalization. The main aim of this study is to discuss the place and importance of Strategic Human Resource Management by presenting the relationship between strategic human resource management and aviation industry. To reach to these aims, related literature is used.

ADVED 2nd International Conference on Advances in Education and Social Sciences -- OCT 10-12, 2016 -- Istanbul, TURKEY, WOS: 000392977600030, In recent business management literature one of the hot topics discussed is how to escape from the intense Red Ocean by creating a Blue Ocean where there is no competition. This seems possible with the Blue Ocean Strategy put forward by Rene and Mauborgne. However, it is underlined in literature that every blue ocean will eventually turn red. Traditionally, most research in the field of Blue Ocean Strategy focused on few practical guidelines of how to create Blue Ocean leaving a gap in the understanding of how the blue ocean could be turned into blue again after it becomes red due to fast entries into the market. The present paper addresses that void specifically by exploring the practices of a room escape organization of a new-born entertainment sector showing how they managed to create their second blue ocean. It is aimed at enriching Blue Ocean Strategy with a case study in which we see the process of creating a blue ocean, its immediately turning into red and achieving to become blue again. This study aims to generate insights for future research for managers, academics, innovators, entrepreneurs and policy makers who are interested in creating their sustainable blue ocean with innovative moves by presenting a solid case analysis.

3rd International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (SOCIOINT) -- MAY 23-25, 2016 -- Istanbul, TURKEY WOS: 000400168100083 In recent years, irresponsible consumption of natural resources and increasing rates of individual consumption has led to rapid industrialization and growing environmental pollution. For this reason, the adoption of environmentally responsible consumer behaviour has become a necessity. Parents have an important role in bringing the next generation consumption attitudes since family is the the first place where social environment for modelling is formed. Previous literature emphasizes the effect of the mother's consumption attitudes and behaviors on the child's (Moore and Moschis, 1981). The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of parents on the individual's environmentally responsible consumption awareness. Values are representative of the general goals and objectives developed at different times and situations (Schwartz, 1992). Individual's values have an effect on behaviors, especially on consumption behaviors. Therefore, this paper also examines the influence of individual's values onenvironmentally responsible consumption awareness. In addition, the impact of demographic characteristics such as gender, age, family income level on the individual's environmentally responsible consumption awareness is likewise explored. The sample of the study consisted of 293 university students aged between 18 and 28. Schwartz Values List and Environmentally Conscious Consumption and Awareness Scale have been used to collect data. In addition to this, participants have also reported their perceptions about their parents' Environmentally Conscious Consumption and Awareness. The results indicated that the mother's environmentally responsible consumption awareness predicted positively individual's environmentally responsible consumer awareness. Also, benevolence values were found to have a mediating role between individuals and mother's environmentally responsible consumer awareness. Finally, universalism values also have a mediating role between individuals and mother's environmentally responsible consumer awareness. This study contributes to the relevant literature by investigating the role of the individual values on environmentally consumption behavior within family scope.

3rd International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (SOCIOINT) -- MAY 23-25, 2016 -- Istanbul, TURKEY, WOS: 000400168100044, This study focuses on the Safety Management System (SMS) brought forward by aviation authorities in the early 2000s, which aims to increase the safety level of air transportation activities and to maintain these activities at acceptable risk levels. SMS is an administrative application that emerged to ensure safety in aviation activities, and became widespread in national and international fields. Many organizations in the aviation industry implement SMS and set up SMS divisions. The aim of this study is to explain the process of transition to SMS in aviation organizations in Turkey. Qualitative research method was applied. Semi structured interviews, observations and researcher diary were used as data collection tools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 organizations' SMS managers who work for group A ground service organizations, catering organizations and terminal organizations. To include all related stakeholders, a semi structured interview was conducted with an SMS auditor from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation. Three observations related to SMS were performed throughout the research. Qualitative data were analyzed by inductive analyses method. This study discusses organizations' transition to SMS, and the factors that challenge and facilitate the transition process. Lastly, suggestions for process improvements were presented.

ADVED 2nd International Conference on Advances in Education and Social Sciences -- OCT 10-12, 2016 -- Istanbul, TURKEY, WOS: 000392977600031, Knowledge Management (KM), which builds learning organisations by making learning routine and stimulates cultural change and innovation, is one of the key elements of successful management. Managing explicit knowledge is only the surface of knowledge management as it focuses more on transferring tacit knowledge - embedded knowledge we can call-into explicit knowledge. As tacit knowledge due to its being subjective in its nature is hard to codify and has difficulty operationally setting out in tangible form. Transferring tacit knowledge within organisations is the main concern of knowledge management. Knowledge sharing as one of the steps of knowledge management is encouraged in knowledge management. However, on the other hand, knowledge is taught to, limited to or understood by members of a special group in Esoteric Management. Thus, knowledge management and esoteric management principles seem contradictory in literature. This paper aims at clarifying this traditional notion by tracing the similarities between esoteric knowledge and tacit knowledge and demonstrates that in esoteric management, knowledge is not kept, transferred but within some rituals. This paper tries to draw attention and to create awareness that esoteric way of transferring knowledge is also a type of knowledge management and presents a newly coined term and concept, "esoteric management of knowledge that could be used in literature. Esoteric management of knowledge will no longer be an oxymoron. How knowledge management is achieved and conducted in esoteric management will be defined for the first time in literature with the contribution of this paper. The study bears implications for researchers and managers who wish to understand and employ the concept of knowledge management in esoteric management.

International Conference on Advances in Education and Social Sciences (ADVED) -- OCT 12-14, 2015 -- Istanbul, TURKEY, WOS: 000373273400054, Education of the parents who given the first education to the child for the purpose that individuals having conscious and acceptable behaviours in the society can be raised is an important subject which is over emphasized nowadays. So much so that, during this period from the beginning of prenatal stage in which period mother-fathers' personality is founded and from puberty to the stage when a child become an adult, parentage skills and knowledge need to be developed about the subjects such as child care, nutrition, education and development, mother-father-child communication, school term, puberty and sexual education, etc. Having regard to different requirement and circumstances of mother-fathers (socio-economic degree, educational status, mother's working, etc.) education opportunities are offered to mother and fathers at home, at institution, both at home and institution by means of both mobil services and distance education methods in many countries. In this sense, mother and father education is an important element which is thought to contribute for the child at first and then for the society and country's welfare. In this study made by means of literature search parents education's connection with lifelong learning and adult training is examined; the types of parent education are mentioned and last which programmes are applied on behalf of the parent education in England and what kinds of studies are worked are examined. In England, a special importance is paid for the mother father education because of the society's future and continuation. In England, hundreds of family education programmes are available which are offered free by Department of Education, as part of Sure Start Programme, by means of especially Sure Start Child Centers, multifunctional society centers, schools and health agencies. As the result of the research, Sure Start and similiar programmes which aim to educate mothers and fathers in England in many directions have appeared to be considerably successful and accepted by the people. Mother father education studies' structure and running mentioned in this research is thought that it will provide the inspiration for the similiar activities in Turkey.

The aim of the present study is to investigate how children think culture, in the theoretical perspective of the Moscovici's (1961) Social Representations. The research was carried out in Naples (Italy) on 138 pupils of two lower secondary schools. According to the Community Profile of the City of Naples (Comune di Napoli, 2012), through a non random judgment sampling, the interviewees were divided into two different subsamples: mid-high economic status and mid-low economic status. The main purpose was to explore the influence of participants' status differences on their representation of the object. Research methodology is based on the Drawing Technique that is considered one of the best tool to interview developmental age subjects (Galli, Nigro & Poderico, 1989; Galli & Fasanelli, 1995;). Effectively, the drawing represents the most powerful and direct way of children expression. Participants were asked "to draw culture", then to comment on their drawings and in the end to define culture. Data collected through this strategy, were processed by a categorical-frequency content analysis. Our results showed both convergent and divergent representations among the two different economic status subsamples. On the one hand the iconographic identification of culture (as " school/teaching" actions) is similar for all the children involved in the study, on the other hand the definition of culture is different between the two subsamples. The mid-high economic status participants showed a culture representation focused on the classic role of the artist and the art, instead the mid-low economic status children showed a culture representation based on the folks costumes and traditions.

Job burnout represents a serious contemporary problem. Social support from the supervisor may have the potential to attenuate the effects of burnout. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the sales manager support on the perceived level of all facets of burnout. The study findings suggest that positive manager support negatively influences the perceived levels of emotional exhaustion and personal non-accomplishment and has no influence on the depersonalization components of burnout. The highlighted relationships can help sales managers in their attempts to reduce burnout among their salespeople by providing them more social support. The results may also encourage organizations and policy makers to provide resources and take actions focused on enhancing manager supportive skills in order to reduce the negative burnout effects.

International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (SOCIOINT) -- SEP 08-10, 2014 -- Istanbul, TURKEY WOS: 000363547600020 Since world of management has so many different opinions, organization managers are facing different management strategies. We can no longer articulate that organizations has stable and simple environment. Organizations are operating in an environment that is not only changes in a short amount of time but also unpredictable. This rapid and constant change is an indicator that the organization is in a chaos. Under these conditions, organizations that are able to battle, will maintain a competitive advantage. Otherwise organizations that are not able to adapt this environment will perish. Obstacle that is stated in chaos is not just simple clutter or a disorder. The term "chaos" is defined as an uncertain change which cannot be predicted; also it is one of the basic subjects of natural and social sciences. In this study the term of chaos, theory of chaos, social organizations and management in chaotic environment has been discussed. Int Org Ctr Acad Res

Zoledronik asit ve serin/treonin protein fosfataz inhibitörleri (okadaik asit ve kalikulin A)'nin sitotoksik ve apoptotik etkileri bir çok hücre hatında incelenmiş olmakla birlikte etki mekanizmaları tam olarak bilinmemektedir.Literatürde zoledronik asidin sitotoksik apoptotik etkileri sırasında serin treonin protein fosfataz sisteminin rolünün incelendiği çalışma bulunmamaktadır.Biz çalışmamızda serin treonin protein fosfataz inhibitörleri ile oluşturulan sitoplazmik hiperfosforile durmda, zoledronik asidin sitotoksik apoptotik etkilerinin değişip değişmediğini araştırdık.Sitotoksisite taini için XTT metodu kullanıldı. Apoptosis ELİSA yöntemi ile değerlendirildi ve kaspaz 3/7 enzim aktivitesi ölçümü ile doğrulandı. Hem zoledronik asit hem de protein fosfataz inhibitörlerinin PC3 ve DU145 prostat kanser hücre hatlarında doz ve zamana bağlı artan sitotoksik ve apoptotik etkileri tespit edildi. Deney ortamına farnesol ve geranilgeraniol ilavesi ile zoledronik asitin sitotoksik etkisinin kaybolduğu saptandı.Zoledronik asidin protein fosfataz inhibitörleri ile kombinasyonunda kuvetli sinerjistik sitotoksik ve apoptotik etki gözlendi.Sonuç olarak protein fosfataz enzim sisteminin'nın zoledronik asidin sitotoksik apoptotik etkileri sırasında oldukça önemli olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Zoledronic acid and serine / threonine proteine phosphatase inhibitors (ocadaic acid and calyculin A) had been suggested in a considerable numbre of cell line. But exact mechanisim underling their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects remains unclear. There is almost no data on the relevance of serine/threonine protein phosphatase system in the zoledronic acid induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In this study we investigated wether cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of zoledronic acid in DU145 and PC3 cell lines changes in cytosolic hiperfosforile status mediated by serine/threonine proteine phosphatase inhibitors. Trypan blue dye exclusion test and MTT assay were utilised for determining cytotoxicity. Apoptosis was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Cell Death Detection ELISA Plus Kit. Moreover was verified by measuring caspase 3/7 enzyme activity. Time- and dose-dependent increases in cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on PC-3 and DU-145 cells were observed in response to both zoledronic acid and serine/threonine proteine phosphatase inhibitors (okadaic acid and calyculin A). Adittion of fernasol and geranilgeraniol to experiment medium completely blocked PC-3 and DU-145 growth inhibition induced by the zoledronic acid. In combination of zoledronic acid by both okadaic acid and calyculin A strong sinergysim was observed. In conclusion,serine/ threonine protein phosphatase system plays a role in zoledronic acid induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis of DU145 and PC3 cells and should be investigated as a new window furthermore. 64

According to Abric’s (1983) structural approach, social representations (Moscovici, 1961) are made of a central nucleus surrounded by peripheral elements. This theoretical approach, based on a hierarchical structure, deals with the idea of a specific internal configuration of every representation. Abric (1994) and Flament (1994), moreover argued that social practices, related to specific social context, were a major factor in the co-construction of a representation. Starting from this theoretical framework, the purpose of this study is to identify the social representations of culture, circulating among young Neapolitan students. The aim is also to verify if these representations are different from each other, starting from the different social environments of production. Two groups of pupils (161 participants, in the age between 8 and 10 years old), belonging to opposite local contexts, both from structural and socio-economical point of view, took part in the study. We choose a quali-quantitative approach using a free associations questionnaire. In particular, we asked the children to freely indicate five words when they think about culture; then we asked them to motivate the words they choose and in the end to organize those words in order of importance. Collected data were analysed by the Hierarchical Evocations Technique (Verges, 1992). The results, discussed from their theoretical, methodological and applicative implications, confirm the presence of stimulating differences between the two SRs. Keywords: Culture, Social Psychology, Social Representations, Development Age, Qualitative-quantitative research, Hierarchical Evocations Technique