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Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases and is a chronic disease that affects the patient for life. In addition, the fact that there may be changes in consciousness in an individual with epilepsy carries them to a different legal dimension in cases such as accidents, uncorrected proof 2 crimes, and injuries. This study aimed to investigate how often epilepsy appears and how it plays out in the decisions of the supreme court. Materials and Methods: Data scanning for the study was conducted using the National Judicial Network Information System (UYAP). Cases containing the word "epilepsy" were scanned in all case files in the UYAP system covering 2000-2021. The subjects of the cases were examined in terms of illness, with the findings recorded in the data search file. Results: A total of 428 files containing the word "epilepsy" were identified in the UYAP system. Among them, 231 records pertained to 2016-2021, 129 to 2010-2015, and 68 to 2000-2009. There were a total of 232 files pertaining to penal departments and 171 to law departments. Conclusion: The rights of adults with epilepsy in their working life and the situations they are exposed to during marriage and divorce may differ from the norm. Furthermore, the conditions for holding a driver's license differ, and if a license is obtained, the situation regarding an accident involving an individual with epilepsy is legally evaluated differently. Whether individuals with epilepsy have the right to be deemed disabled and the requirements for guardians or legal counsel during legal proceedings are determined by law and decided by physicians. The laws and regulations are standard, but the clinical, psychiatric, and mental status, as well as the conditions of each epileptic patient may be different. This study was conducted to determine how the condition of epilepsy plays out in the Turkish legal system. Knowing the existing forensic examples will help us better understand the legal dimension of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In our study, the extent to which sleep disorders are included in the Turkish Legal System and how the approaches. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on a web-based basis. Words related to sleep disorders were searched in the jurisprudence program to include the years 1900-2021. Results: It was seen that there were 1311 cases involving the word sleep, 7 cases involving the word snoring, and 4 case files containing the word sleep apnea. No cases were found that included the words narcolepsy, parasomnia, rapid eye movement behavior disorder, or sleepwalking. The contents of the cases were evaluated from the extent that they were open to access. Conclusion: Sleeping disorders are a health problem that can have multiple consequences. Because the disease ceases to be a person's sleep problems at night. It can affect the sleep partner at night, it can affect the patient's work during the day, it can affect the people in the working environment, if this person is a driver, it can affect the traffic, if he has a strategic task, it can even affect the society. Of course, diseases that can have such consequences will also have a legal dimension. In our study, the extent to which sleep disorders are included in the Turkish Legal System and how the approaches. According to our research, there were no cases of sleeping sickness as expected yet. However, it is thought that these cases will increase, and based on the approaches in the current cases, physicians regarding sleep should determine behavioral strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sleep inertia is a period that cognitive performance and wakefulness are lower in the transition phase from sleep to wakefulness than during the daytime. The sleep inertia period is reported to extend from 1 minute to 4 hours. In our study, we aimed to investigate the impact of the sleep stage of the patients at which they wake up on the sleep inertia and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) as well. Materials and Methods: Patients who applied to Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology between the dates of March and September 2016, with such complaints about sleep disorders and with indications for admission to polysomnography were involved in the study. The patients were informed and their consent was received after PSG to complete the SSS. Results: One hundred patients were involved in the study. There were 55 patients waken up in the 2nd stage of NREM, 35 patients in REM sleep, and 10 patients in the 3rd stage of NREM. The points given by the patients and the number of these patients were as follows: 1-3 points for 37, 28, and 8 patients; 4 points for 1, 1, and 1 patient; and 5-7 points for 17, 6, and 1 patient, respectively. Conclusion: The arousal threshold differs in REM sleep and at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages of NREM. The impact of waking up at any stages on the sleep inertia and/or the performance of the patients during the day is not known. For this reason, revealing the impacts of waking up at different sleep stages on the SSS was aimed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bilindiği üzere uyku NREM ile başlamaktadır. NREM 1 yalnızca birkaç dakika sürer ve bu dönemde uyanma (arousal) eşiği çok düşüktür. Hafif bir uyaran kişiyi kolaylıkla uyandırabilir. NREM 2 ise EEG de uyku iğcikleri ve K komplekslerinin oluştuğu dönemdir. NREM 3 de EEG de yavaş dalga oranı artar, kas tonusu ise azalır. Uyanma eşiği ise NREM 1 ve 2 ye göre belirgin olarak artmıştır. Uykunun başlangıcından sonra en erken 80 dakika ortaya çıkan REM uykusunda ise arousal eşiği rüya ve çevresel uyaranlara seçici dikkat doğrultusunda değişkendir. (1,2) Kişilerin uykudan uyanıklığa geçişinde bilişsel performansın ve uyanıklığın gün içerisinden daha düşük olduğu "sleep inertia" dönemi olup bu dönemin bazen birkaç saate kadar uzayabildiği gözlenmiştir. (3) Biz de çalışmamızda hastaların uyandıkları uyku evresini belirleyip, bunun sleep inertia dönemi ve Stanford uykululuk ölçek puanına etkisini belirlemeyi hedefledik. Yöntem: Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nöroloji polikliniğine 1 Mart 2016 dan itibaren uyku hastalıkları ilişkili şikayetler ile başvurarak polisomnografiye (PSG) yatış endikasyonu bulunan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. PSG sonrası hastalara bilgilendirme yapılıp onamları alınarak Stanford uykululuk ölçeği doldurtuldu. Hastaların PSG değerlendirmeleri yapılırken spontan olarak uyandıkları evre de belirlenerek bu evrelerin Stanford uykululuk ölçek puanı ile ilişkisi belirlendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 130 hasta dahil edilmesi planlandı. Şu ana kadar değerlendirilen 80 hastanın hastanın 45'inin NREM 2 de uyandığı ve bu hastaların 33'ünün Stanford uyku ölçeğinin 1-3 puan arasında, 12'sinin ise 5-7 puan olduğu görüldü. Hastaların 22'sinin REM uykusunda uyandığı ve 18'inin Stanford uyku ölçeğinin 1-3 puan arasında, 4'ünün ise 5-7 puan arasında olduğu tespit edildi. Hastaların 8'i ise NREM 3 de uyanmış olup 7'sinin Stanford uyku ölçeğinin 1-3 puan arasında, 1 inin ise 4 puan verdiği görüldü. Hastaların PSG sonucu normal ya da patolojik olması hali de verilere eklendi. (Hastaların analizi devam etmekte olup veriler kongrede sunulacaktır.) Tartışma ve Sonuç: Uyku-uyanıklık döngüsünü belirleyen merkez anterior hipotalamustaki suprakiazmatik nükleustur. Bu döngüyü düzenleyen en önemli çevresel faktör ışıktır. Işığı algılayan retina hücreleri retinohipotalamik yol üzerinden glutamat, hipofiz adenilat siklaz aktive edici polipeptit ( PACAP) aracılığıyla suprakiazmatik nükleusu uyarır. Ortaya çıkan bu uyarı CYCLE ve CLOCK genlerinin kodladığı ve sitoplazmaya yerleşmiş olan PER ve TIM proteinlerini görev dışı bırakarak uyanıklığa geçiş sağlanır. (4,5) Uyanma eşiği REM, NREM 1,2 ve 3 için farklı olup bu evrelerden herhangi birinde uyanmanın sleep inertia ve ya kişinin gün içerisindeki performansına etkisi bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle yaptığımız çalışma ile farklı uyku evrelerinde uyanmanın Stanford uykululuk ölçeğine etkileri belirlenmek istenmiştir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]