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Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a rare and locally benign neoplasm of high aggressive behavior found exclusively in the jaws. OM commonly occurs in the second and third decade, its quite rare to find in maxilla that to invading the maxillary sinus completely. The lesion often grows without symptoms and presents as a painless swelling. The radiographic features are variable, and the diagnosis is therefore not easy. This article presents a case of OM of maxilla in a 13-year-old boy, which was previously diagnosed as fibrosseous lesion with the help of CT.

Pulp exposures secondary to caries are the most common in primary teeth due to the relatively large size of pulp chamber. Pulp in primary teeth is capable of healing, following control of infection and inflammation. Pulpotec and LSTR are the simple noninstrumentation endodontic treatment procedures which are capable of compensating for the inconvenience caused by conventional pulpectomy, and thereby preserve the vitality of the pulp. This study was conducted to assess clinical efficacy of pulpotec and LSTR and compare with that of conventional ZOE pulpectomy at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Around 34 children in the age group of 4 to 9 years with deep carious lesions affecting the pulps of 60 primary mandibular molars were randomly divided into three groups with 20 teeth in each group. Results Clinical evaluation was done at 1 month's interval. Both clinical and radiographic evaluations were done at 3, 6 and 12 months. Data obtained was analyzed statistically using Fisher's exact test. The results concluded that pulpotomy and pulpotec could be a good alternative for conventional ZOE pulpectomy. Long-term radiographic evaluations should be undertaken to further strengthen the efficacy of lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) as NIET.

Background The main factor related to gingival/periodontal problems in disabled individuals is the inadequacy of the plaque removal from the teeth. Motor coordination problems and muscular limitation in neuromuscularly disabled individuals along with the difficulty in understanding the importance of oral hygiene in mentally disabled individuals have resulted in the progression of inflammatory diseases. Case report This report describes a case of cerebral palsy child who developed gingival hyperplasia due to poor oral hygiene practices which remarkably improved by proper motivation and adaptation of oral hygiene measures. Conclusion It is important that the caretakers especially mother is informed about the importance of maintaining proper oral hygiene and the harmful effects of not doing so. It forms our duty to guide them towards maintaining good oral hygiene and thereby help in improving overall health of these children.

Dental adhesive systems used for bonding dental resins to enamel and dentin have evolved through several "generations," with changes in chemistry, mechanism, number of bottles, application technique, and clinical effectiveness. The trend in the latest generation of dental bonding systems is to reduce the number of components and clinical placement steps. The introduction of i bond, a single-bottle dental adhesive system, is the latest of the new generation materials, and combines etchant, adhesive, and desensitizer in one component. This paper describes different dentin bonding agents, its evolution, mechanism of action and different commercially available dentin bonding agents and their role in the retention of pit and fissure sealant.

Odontomas are the most common type of odontogenic tumors and are generally asymptomatic. Frequently they interfere with the eruption of the teeth. This is the case report of a compound composite odontoma in an 11 years old girl, which resulted in failure of eruption of the permanent maxillary right central incisor while the contralateral tooth had erupted. A calcified mass was seen in the radiograph and was provisionally diagnosed as odontoma following which the odontoma was enucleated. Routine follow-up was done for 1½ years and no recurrence was seen.

Restoration of primary teeth continues to be an important facet of restorative dentistry. In comparison to restorations in permanent dentition, the longevity of those in primary teeth is significantly different for all materials. This makes the assessment of these fillings as a separate group meaningful. As there is lack of supporting clinical data with regard to the restoration of primary incisors, it would be judicious to consider why this is so and determine if studies can be designed to gain new information. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of composite resins and resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorations of primary incisors, over a period of one year. Methods: The study group consisted of 40 patients (3½- 5 ½ years of age) with at least one pair of similar sized lesions in the middle1/3 of the same proximal surface of contralateral primary maxillary incisors. Composite resin and resinmodified glass ionomer cement restorations were placed in primary maxillary incisors using split-mouth design. The restorations were evaluated at different intervals of 3,6,9, months and 1 year using Ryge’s criteria. Data obtained was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results revealed no statistical significance in the difference of clinical characteristics between the two restorative materials. Interpretation and conclusion: (1) Resin-modified glass ionomer cement and composite resin restorative materials showed acceptable clinical performance after 1 year in primary teeth. (2) Resin-modified glass ionomer cement and composite resin restorative materials functioned well as class III restorative materials in primary teeth.

Most foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract uneventfully. The majority of the reported literature describes the management of ingested blunt objects. However, ingestion of sharp objects can still occur with a higher rate of perforation corresponding to treatment dilemmas. We report a case of inadvertently ingested sharp foreign body by a special child, which was retrieved by endoscopic guided forceps. Urgent endoscopic assessment and retrieval of recently ingested sharp dental foreign body is indicated and routine use of preventive measures such as rubber dam, gauze throat screens or floss ligatures is suggested.

Oral lichen planus which is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases in adults, it has been rarely described in children. There are very reports in the literature regarding oral lichen planus in children, here we report a case of intraoral lesions of lichen planus. Lichen planus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperkeratotic or erosive lesions of the oral mucosa in children.

Other than in patients suffering from epilepsy, tongue lacerations are rare. Most commonly, these injuries occur when the tongue is between the teeth and a fall or blow occurs. They cause parents to panic and the child to cry uncontrollably with blood, tooth and soft tissue debris in the mouth. The presenting characteristics of the patient and injury as well as the treatment rendered and its outcomes are described.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among school children of Bangalore city, India during their mixed dentition period. The sample consisted of 745 children (388 males and 357 females) in the age group of 8-12 years randomly selected from twelve different schools in Bangalore city. The subjects were randomly selected, and none had received previous orthodontic treatment. Occlusal anteroposterior relationships were assessed based on the Angle classification. Also various malocclusion features associated with class I malocclusion according to Dewey's modification of Angle's classification were assessed. The results showed that about 71% of the subjects had malocclusion. Class I malocclusion constituted the major proportion of malocclusion which was found in 62% of the studied population. No significant difference was found between boys and girls neither in the overall prevalence of malocclusion nor in various forms of malocclusion. Crowded incisors was found to be most ommon finding in subjects with class I malocclusion. A number of studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among Indian children and it has been reported that the results range from a value as low as 19.6% (Miglani DC, Chennai 1961) to as high as 90% (Sidhu SS, Delhi). This varied range emphasizes the need to standardize criteria for assessing malocclusion.

Aim: Root canal irrigation plays an important role in the debridement and disinfection of the root canal system. "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Carisolv TM , 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) gel, and 1% NaOCl solution as root canal irrigants in deciduous anterior teeth." Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted deciduous anterior teeth were used. Root canals were flooded with NaOCl solution in Group A, NaOCl gel in Group B and Carisolv TM in Group C and incubated for 30 min. Scanning electron microscope photomicrographs of canal wall debris in the apical, middle and coronal thirds were scored. Results: The results showed that regardless of irrigation regime, canals were consistently cleaner in the coronal and middle thirds than in the apical thirds. NaOCl solution, NaOCl gel, and Carisolv TM had comparable activity at coronal third and middle third of root canals. At the apical third, NaOCl solution cleaned canals better than NaOCl gel and Carisolv TM . Carisolv TM cleaned debris better than NaOCl gel at the apical third. Conclusion: Carisolv TM can be used as an adjunct to root canal preparation.

The main aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and oral hygiene practices in children with impaired hearing and speech. A total of 76 children in the age group of 5 to 18 years of both sexes were surveyed and information about their oral hygiene practices, previous dental visit and oral health knowledge were obtained through a questionnaire. Around 61% of the children had never visited a dentist, 82.89% and 17.11% of them brushed once and twice daily respectively. More than 90% of them cared about their teeth as much as any other part of the body. 42% of the children had dental caries, and gingivitis was seen in 35% of the children and malocclusion in 19% of them.

Title: Antibacterial properties of fluoride releasing glass Ionomer cements (GICs) and pit and fissure sealants on Streptococcus mutans. Background: Occlusal pit and fissures are the most susceptible sites for dental caries. The clinical effectiveness of GICs and fissure sealants in preventing caries is well-documented, but there is some concern about bacteria left beneath sealants. Objective: (1) Study the antibacterial activity of GICs and pit and fissure sealants. (2) Compare between these materials. Methodology: GICs (Fuji IX GP and Ketac molar) and pit and fissure sealants (Teethmate-F1 and Helioseal-F ). The strains was grown in the Brain Heart Infusion broth and was incubated anaerobically for 18 hours at 37°C and subcultured in MSB agar.Four wells measuring 5 mm diameter was prepared on each agar plate and the prepared materials was placed and further incubated anaerobically for 48 hours at 37°C. The zone of inhibition was measured. Results: All the materials tested showed antibacterial properties to varying levels except; among pit and fissure sealants it is Teethmate-F which showed more antibacterial property. Conclusion: Teethmate-F1 sealant showed more antibacterial property compared to Fuji IX and Ketac molar. Helioseal-F did not show any antibacterial property.

Background: Oral health is an essential component of health throughout life. However, millions of individuals suffer from dental caries and periodontal disease, resulting in unnecessary pain, difficulty in chewing, swallowing and speaking, and increased medical costs; hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the oral health status of school children which would help us in planning and implementing necessary preventive measures. Aims and Objectives: 1. To assess the prevalence of dental caries among school children, using the Dentition Status and Treatment Needs Index. 2. To assess the prevalence of malocclusion among the study population, using the WHO criteria. 3. To assess the prevalence of dental calculus among the study population using the criteria of Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a school in Bangalore city. The study population comprised of school children of two age groups - 6 and 12 years. A total of 430 subjects of both the sexes were surveyed, out of which 229 were in 6-year age group and 201 in 12-year age group. Results: No significant difference was observed between the age groups - 6 and 12 years - with respect to the proportion of dental caries (P > 0.05). Highly significant difference was noticed between the two age groups with respect to calculus (P < 0.01) and malocclusion (P < 0.05).

Unerupted primary teeth is very rare especially in the maxillary anterior teeth. A case of unerupted left maxillary Cuspid due to the presence of compound composite odontoma in a 10 years old female child is presented.

The peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive gingival overgrowth occurring frequently in the anterior maxilla in teenagers and young adults. The pediatric patient with a POF has special management considerations compared to the adult, as it requires early recognition and treatment by the dentist. It requires proper treatment protocol with close postoperative follow-up. The present report describes a case of POF in a girl, which was surgically excised from the palatal mucosa in the maxillary incisor area. Some features of the differential diagnosis and therapy when it occurs are discussed.