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PURPOSE: To integrate and evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI) system that assists in checking endotracheal tube (ETT) placement on chest x-rays (CXRs) in clinical practice. APPROACH: In clinical use over 17 months, 214 CXR images were ordered to check ETT placement with AI assistance by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians. The system was built on the SimpleMind Cognitive AI platform and integrated into a clinical workflow. It automatically identified the ETT and checked its placement relative to the trachea and carina. The ETT overlay and misplacement alert messages generated by the AI system were compared with radiology reports as the reference. A survey study was also conducted to evaluate usefulness of the AI system in clinical practice. RESULTS: The alert messages indicating that either the ETT was misplaced or not detected had a positive predictive value of 42% (21/50) and negative predictive value of 98% (161/164) based on the radiology reports. In the survey, radiologist and ICU physician users indicated that they agreed with the AI outputs and that they were useful. CONCLUSIONS: The AI system performance in real-world clinical use was comparable to that seen in previous experiments. Based on this and physician survey results, the system can be deployed more widely at our institution, using insights gained from this evaluation to make further algorithm improvements and quality assurance of the AI system.

Library staff at a large cancer center decided to restart in-person programming after three years of having programming shut down by the hospital's COVID-19 restrictions. This effort began by conducting a survey of the library's users on what types of programming was desired, along with best format of program, most preferred day of the week and time of day. Once the survey was completed, the results guided staff to begin a weekly program consisting of educational handouts and giveaways. A second, follow-up survey sought to obtain any further ideas or comments by users. Programming began with passive display tables stocked with information and giveaways. Active, scheduled programming began in late 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, online services have started to make personal data of users more accessible by offering dedicated ways of exporting data. The introduction of download portals is associated with increasing demands by privacy regulations regarding the rights of users, such as the Right of Access (Art. 15) and the Right to Data Portability (Art. 20) of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These rights aim to empower users by increasing their control over the personal data that online services hold about them. They allow users to export their personal data and thereby gain insights on the scope of personal data held by the services and to transfer this data to other services. However, until now, little is known about how users experience and evaluate the process of accessing and exporting their data and how it impacts individual-level factors such as privacy-related attitudes (i.e. attitudes regarding sharing personal data, perceived control over data, and using privacy-protective strategies). In this paper, we report the results of an online survey with an experimental condition (N = 728) and a second online survey (N = 817) where participants from two university courses were asked to request real data exports from online services and inspect the exported data afterward. We find that inspecting exported personal data has a statistically significant positive effect on users’ privacy-related attitudes. However, users perceive limited usefulness in switching scenarios where personal data is transferred to a new substitutional service and rather prefer to use the data at multiple complementary services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Norway, antenatal care is delivered free of charge in the municipality. Satisfaction with care is considered to be an important predictor of utilization of health care. The aim of this study was to examine women's satisfaction with antenatal care, and to identify factors that predict overall satisfaction with the service. Methods: A total of 611 women completed a survey that collected information on demographic variables, pregnancy variables, and aspects of antenatal care; it also contained one open‐ended question. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict Overall Satisfaction with antenatal care based on four specific scales: User Participation, Accessibility, Information, and Midwife, adjusted for demographic variables. Results: Survey responses showed that 95% of women were satisfied with antenatal care in general. The expectant mother's age, having Norwegian as the native language, and the scales User Participation, Information, and Midwife were all significant predictors of Overall Satisfaction with antenatal care. The open‐ended user comments underlined the important role of midwifes in antenatal care. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that women who attended antenatal care in Norway were satisfied with the care they received. Midwives had an important role, and their relational and professional competence was highly valuated by expectant mothers. The findings also suggest that there are still opportunities to improve satisfaction with antenatal care, for example, by increasing the focus on mental health during antenatal consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedestrianisation entails the full removal of motorised vehicles. It promotes walking and active means of transport and has a wide range of benefits in terms of health, the environment, mobility and the economy. However, it often faces widespread opposition. This results in a lack of political will and, to a lesser degree, in temporary pedestrianisations, which can be reverted. We consider that infrastructural change and long-term pedestrianisation are key for long-lasting benefits and more resilient and sustainable cities. To explore and assess this, a survey of pedestrians and semi-structured interviews with businesses were conducted in recently pedestrianised areas of Madrid, a large capital city. Data on satisfaction and changes in mobility, liveability and business were gathered. Over 755 citizens and 38 local businesses answered. The results show high levels of satisfaction (2/3) among citizens, while 1/2 businesses consider it positive for their commercial activity. Car use has fallen, active means of transport have been fostered and perceived attractiveness has increased, although some congestion has been noticed in nearby streets. This and the rest of the evidence presented in this paper can be used to back long-term restrictive policies in other dense and busy cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, very little research has been conducted regarding visitor satisfaction with operations at mega events and mass gatherings. We examine the user satisfaction of passengers of the Makkah Metro in Saudi Arabia during Hajj. Hajj is one of the largest mass gatherings in the world. Our aim is to compare the sensitivities towards waiting time of different user groups in order to identify user groups that are particularly sensitive to waiting time. Those user groups might then be scheduled preferably to the Hajj rituals in such a way that their expected waiting time is minimized. For this reason, we are interested in the interactions between the passengers' person-specific attributes and their perceived waiting time at the stations. We apply an ordered logit model to unique survey data. Our results reveal that women are much more sensitive to waiting time than men. In addition to gender, a pilgrim's country of origin also seems to play a significant role, which has operational implications on crowd management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The credibility of online examinations in Higher Education is hardened by numerous factors and use-case scenarios. This paper reports on a longitudinal study, that spanned over eighteen months, in which various stakeholders from three European Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) participated, aiming to identify core threat scenarios experienced during online examinations, and to, accordingly, propose threat models, data metrics and countermeasure features that HEI learning management systems can embrace to address the identified threat scenarios. We also report on a feasibility study of an open-source intelligent and continuous student identity management system, namely TRUSTID, which implements the identified data metrics and countermeasures. A user evaluation with HEI students (n = 133) revealed that the TRUSTID system is resilient and effective against impersonation attacks, based on intelligent face and voice identification mechanisms, and scored well in usability and user experience. Aspects concerning the preservation of privacy in storing, retrieving and processing sensitive personal data are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article focuses on the awareness and use of social networks by engineering graduates of Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mysore, Karnataka. The main aim is to know the Frequently used devices to connect internet, Time spent for Active Internet Usage, Frequency of accessing Social Network, Time spent on Social Network Sites per session, Purpose of Using Social Network Sites, Opinion regarding use of Social media for Academic/Career and Academic/career purpose of using social media. The major finding of the study are majority of the respondents are using mobile phone to connect internet. Majority of the respondents comes to know the social network sites from their friends. Face book is places first of the favorite Social network site for the respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparing the results of two large-scale user surveys conducted in Flanders in 2004 and 2018 shows that the Flemish public library sector has successfully adapted to challenging circumstances, such as increasing budgetary stringency and the pervasive digitalization of society. However, it is also clear that attendance numbers have decreased in Flemish public libraries in the last two decades, especially among visitors with lower education levels, which is cause for concern. In this article, the authors present an overview of exploratory analyses that try to ascertain how many of the public libraries that took part in their study were considered to be significantly more (or less) 'inviting' by specific subgroups (age, gender, education level, etc.) of the visiting public. Moreover, regression analyses are presented, showing which library characteristics have a positive effect on the attendance of two under-represented groups among Flemish library users: men and the lower educated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the intelligence and humanization of the home environment, smart air conditioners are used as the research objects. User needs using the theory of Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) are investigated and researched, and smart air conditioners are researched and practiced on human interaction design. Firstly, in order to establish a user model, the questions and needs of the target users are explored through the questionnaire survey method. Secondly, from the perspective of ergonomics, the hardware and software interaction interface of the smart air conditioner is analyzed. Finally, the intelligent air conditioner is designed for HCI according to user needs, and the unsupervised feature value extraction of the vibration measurement signal of the outdoor unit of the household air conditioner is carried out by using the stacked autoencoder neural network. Three preliminary options for the design of remote controllers for air conditioners are proposed, and the fuzzy evaluation method is utilized to analyze and evaluate the three options. The research results show that the comprehensive evaluation results of the three preliminary options of the remote-control design are 0.78, 0.77, and 0.8 respectively. Compared with Option 1 and Option 2, Option 3 has obvious advantages. The design of Option 3 is more prominent in terms of comfort, aesthetics, and rationality. Therefore, Option 3 is selected as the final design solution. Under different hidden layer numbers and node numbers, the classification accuracy rate changes in a convex function. When the number of layers is 3 and the number of nodes is 100, the classification accuracy rate is the highest. According to the needs of users, a specific interactive design analysis is carried out on the hardware design of home appliances from the perspective of ergonomics.

In Norway, all children are entitled to receive regular health checks. Child health centres for children 0-5 years old (CHC) provide these check-ups and are one of many health services that Norwegian municipalities have to offer. The aim of this study was to examine parents' satisfaction with CHCs, and to identify predictors for the overall evaluation of the service. The sample comprised 1654 parents who visited a CHC with their children. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict the overall evaluation of the service with four user satisfaction scales (i.e. User participation, Public health nurse, Accessibility, and Information). The STROBE checklist was applied. Most users were satisfied with the service (95%) and with the help they received from it (91%). All four user satisfaction scales were significant in the prediction of the overall evaluation of the service. Users of the CHC seem to be very satisfied with the service, especially with the public health nurse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional state recognition is a process to identify user's feelings and emotions for various purposes. Emotional state examination from text comprises of extricating data about feelings, opinions, and even feelings passed on by scholars toward subjects of interest. Web‐based media is producing a tremendous measure of assessment rich information as remarks, notices, blog entries, and so forth. It is trying to comprehend the most recent patterns and rundowns the state or general feelings about items because of the enormous variety and size of web‐based media information, and this makes the need of computerized and ongoing conclusion extraction and mining. Sentiment analysis is difficult because of the existence of bad or abusive language with misspellings words. One of the major natural language processing research area is inclined toward understanding human emotions. Emotional state analysis acts like an amazing treasure and powerful tool, which renders its service to the field of deep learning. It can help service providers to fetch the requisite information to collect and identify the sentiments of the database. Principle issues that exist in the current procedures are: powerlessness to perform well in various areas, deficient exactness and execution in assessment examination dependent on lacking named information, inadequacy to manage complex sentences that require more than emotional words and basic examining. It is as yet hard for a greater part of instruments to decisively assess what genuinely is a negative, unbiased and a positive articulation. It is not advanced enough to successfully deal with sarcasm or context. So there is requirement to develop a machine learning algorithm to analyze the text data and give more better and accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Git, a cross-platform and open source distributed version control tool, provides strong support for non-linear development and is capable of handling everything from small to large projects with speed and efficiency. It has become an indispensable tool for millions of software developers and is the de facto standard of version control in software development nowadays. However, despite its widespread use, developers still frequently face difficulties when using various Git commands to manage projects and collaborate. To better help developers use Git, it is necessary to understand the issues and difficulties that they may encounter when using Git. Unfortunately, this problem has not yet been comprehensively studied. To fill this knowledge gap, in this article, we conduct a large-scale study on Stack Overflow, a popular Q&A forum for developers.We extracted and analyzed 80,370 relevant questions from Stack Overflow, and reported the increasing popularity of the Git command questions. By analyzing the questions, we identified the Git commands that are frequently asked and those that are associated with difficult questions on Stack Overflow to help understand the difficulties developers may encounter when using Git commands. In addition, we conducted a survey to understand how developers learn Git commands in practice, showing that self-learning is the primary learning approach. These findings provide a range of actionable implications for researchers, educators, and developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The credibility of online examinations in Higher Education is hardened by numerous factors and use-case scenarios. This paper reports on a longitudinal study, that spanned over eighteen months, in which various stakeholders from three European Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) participated, aiming to identify core threat scenarios experienced during online examinations, and to, accordingly, propose threat models, data metrics and countermeasure features that HEI learning management systems can embrace to address the identified threat scenarios. We also report on a feasibility study of an open-source intelligent and continuous student identity management system, namely TRUSTID, which implements the identified data metrics and countermeasures. A user evaluation with HEI students (n = 133) revealed that the TRUSTID system is resilient and effective against impersonation attacks, based on intelligent face and voice identification mechanisms, and scored well in usability and user experience. Aspects concerning the preservation of privacy in storing, retrieving and processing sensitive personal data are also discussed.

Die Zielgruppe der Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler findet in den Auseinandersetzungen um neue Konzepte im Bibliotheksbau bislang kaum Berücksichtigung. Für die neue Bibliothek des Leibniz-Instituts für Bildungsmedien (GEI) lag es deshalb nahe, ihre engen Kontakte zur Forschung zu nutzen und ihre Community in die Planungen mit einzubeziehen. Neben den ermittelten Bedarfen für ein hybrides und zunehmend kollaboratives Arbeiten war das Interesse am GEI groß, sich über Forschungsräume der Zukunft auszutauschen und sich vom Primat des Digitalen sowie von Pop-up Stores und Labs inspirieren zu lassen. The target group of researchers has seldom been considered in the discussion about new concepts in library building. For the new library of the Leibniz Institute for Educational Media, it was therefore important to use their close contacts in research and involve their community in the planning. In addition to revealing the need for surroundings that facilitate the hybrid and collaborative working patterns, there was great interest in discussing research rooms of the future; many ideas were inspired by the concept of digital primacy as well as by pop-up stores and labs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing use of private vehicles makes Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) more necessary as they improve users’ convenience, safety and travel time. Although these systems offer significant advantages, they call into question the traditional role of users, making the psychology of drivers towards these technologies a necessary factor for their adoption. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of psychological factors on the use of one of the most widely used ADAS, the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Towards this direction, a literature review was conducted to identify the factors that influence drivers’ behavior and the psychology of drivers towards new technologies. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey was organized in Greece, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, including additional variables, which were identified in the literature, such as technophilia, trust in technology and endorsement. From the data collected, models predicting the behavior of drivers were developed through structural equation modelling, concerning the use of navigation systems in both urban and interurban networks. The findings of the research reveal that the intention to use a navigation system is determined by various factors such as behavioral beliefs about its usage, normative beliefs and technophilia. The actual use of a navigation system depends to some extent on this intention.

This paper aims to highlight the prevailing situation of uncertainty in Greece with regard to the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the functioning of indoor venues of cultural interest, with a focus on museums. It seeks to shed light on issues such as whether, in their daily lives, people, particularly young people, missed museums during the coronavirus times, how they responded to museums' online presence during lockdown and, ultimately, what they expect from them in general. At the same time, it aims to record empirically visitors' concerns regarding the new situation and discuss their perception of how they handle the question of visiting museums, as well as their attitude towards digital visits in lieu of their physical presence in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to measure the impact of an online guide on user learning experience and to gather evidence for staffing allocations and for conversion of the guide to an open educational resource (OER). It utilizes quantitative and qualitative methods by combining usage data (Google Analytics) with a web-based user survey that incorporates the Project Outcome Model. Google Analytics data for the guide from July through December 2019 indicates 45,324 Users for 67,405 Pageviews. For the same timeframe, survey data (N = 119) shows that the participants were primarily students (64%) and practicing health professionals (23%). The mean scores of confidence between first-time and repeat users have a statistically significant difference on three guide pages. Combining data sources provides a more robust assessment and a clearer understanding of who users are, their behavior, and guide impact on user learning and outcomes. The high number of nonaffiliated users and the self-reported success in achieving learning outcomes reinforce the value of converting the guide to an OER. This research benefits those working in the library and educational fields by providing insights into the use of online guides as OER, the need for library-based OER, and the use of evidence to support staffing allocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Camera traps are a widely used tool in wildlife research and conservation, but in situ factors such as theft, poor performance in extreme environments and damage by wildlife may be hindering the effectiveness of the technology. However, we still know little about how widespread these constraints are and which are the priorities to solve in the short‐ and mid‐term. We present results from a global survey of camera‐trappers working across a diversity of institutions and habitats, and using camera traps for a range of purposes. We show that: (1) the major current constraints on effective camera‐trapping are cost, theft and sensor performance (with 66%, 50% and 42% of respondents respectively classifying those as important or extremely important barriers for camera‐trapping); (2) the most‐needed technological developments are related to sensor performance (faster triggering responses and higher sensitivity), resistance to extreme environmental conditions (extreme temperatures and high humidity) and automated filtering of blank images; and (3) there is considerable variation among camera trap manufacturers in user‐rated performance, and none of the manufacturer ratings exhibited a trend over time, despite improvements in the technology. Our results serve as valuable market research for both open‐source and commercial camera trap developers. On the basis of our survey of camera‐trappers, we foresee a transition towards camera‐trapping 3.0 in the near‐future, consisting of both more effective camera trap units, but also greater use of wireless data transmission, sensor networks, automation of processes using algorithms and better, more collaborative tools for managing and analysing camera trap data. Ultimately, this will increase the capacity of researchers and conservationists to implement coordinated wildlife monitoring at unprecedented scales.

Denmark has decided to reduce its GHG emissions by 70% compared to 1990 levels by 2030, which will imply changes to technologies, economic activities and behaviour. Here alongside, climate change remains a pressing issue, requiring climate information to be integrated into current and future planned activities in order to promote effective risk-coping strategies. This study maps the current use and future demands of data and services within climate and weather across spatiotemporal scales to understand how more targeted and thus more efficient data and climate services can be developed and employed, including upscaling and wider sectoral dissemination. A key to this process is a better understanding of the needs of current and new data and climate service-users. Based on a survey, we investigate how existing and potential data and climate service-users express their need for new data, products, services and tools within the Danish Realm, including Greenland, the Faroe Islands and the Danish Oceans. The survey was distributed to existing customers of the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) through personal networks and to 31,181 entry points in the Danish Business Register forming an extensive representation within Denmark. The focal sectors include agriculture, energy (including supply), and research and consultancy regarding climate issues. Key results indicate moderate differences in data characteristics between current users of data and climate services depending on their type of organization and sector, the low demand for future data and climate services compared to their current use by respondents and, finally and crucially, trust in suppliers’ reliability.

Public bikesharing—the shared use of a bicycle fleet by the public—is an innovative mobility strategy that has recently emerged in major North American cities. Bikesharing systems typically position bicycles throughout an urban environment, among a network of docking stations, for immediate access. Approximately five years ago, information technology (or IT)-based bikesharing services began to emerge in North America. Between 2007 and March 2013, 28 IT-based programs have been deployed–24 are operational, two are temporarily suspended, and two are now defunct in the United States (U.S.) and Canada. Bikesharing growth potential in North America is examined on the basis of a survey of all 15 IT-based public bikesharing systems operating in the U.S. and all four programs deployed in Canada, as of January 2012. These programs accounted for 172,070 users and 5,238 bicycles and 44,352 users and 6,235 bicycles in the U.S. and Canada, respectively, in January 2012. This paper reviews early operator understanding of North American public bikesharing and discusses emerging trends for prospective program start-ups.Public bikesharing—the shared use of a bicycle fleet by the public—is an innovative mobility strategy that has recently emerged in major North American cities. Bikesharing systems typically position bicycles throughout an urban environment, among a network of docking stations, for immediate access. Approximately five years ago, information technology (or IT)-based bikesharing services began to emerge in North America. Between 2007 and March 2013, 28 IT-based programs have been deployed–24 are operational, two are temporarily suspended, and two are now defunct in the United States (U.S.) and Canada. Bikesharing growth potential in North America is examined on the basis of a survey of all 15 IT-based public bikesharing systems operating in the U.S. and all four programs deployed in Canada, as of January 2012. These programs accounted for 172,070 users and 5,238 bicycles and 44,352 users and 6,235 bicycles in the U.S. and Canada, respectively, in January 2012. This paper reviews early operator understanding of North American public bikesharing and discusses emerging trends for prospective program start-ups.

Background: In Norway, antenatal care is delivered free of charge in the municipality. Satisfaction with care is considered to be an important predictor of utilization of health care. The aim of this study was to examine women's satisfaction with antenatal care, and to identify factors that predict overall satisfaction with the service., Methods: A total of 611 women completed a survey that collected information on demographic variables, pregnancy variables, and aspects of antenatal care; it also contained one open-ended question. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict Overall Satisfaction with antenatal care based on four specific scales: User Participation, Accessibility, Information, and Midwife, adjusted for demographic variables., Results: Survey responses showed that 95% of women were satisfied with antenatal care in general. The expectant mother's age, having Norwegian as the native language, and the scales User Participation, Information, and Midwife were all significant predictors of Overall Satisfaction with antenatal care. The open-ended user comments underlined the important role of midwifes in antenatal care., Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that women who attended antenatal care in Norway were satisfied with the care they received. Midwives had an important role, and their relational and professional competence was highly valuated by expectant mothers. The findings also suggest that there are still opportunities to improve satisfaction with antenatal care, for example, by increasing the focus on mental health during antenatal consultations., (© 2023 The Authors. Birth published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)