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Road safety training programs are commonly used to raise awareness of risky attitudes and behaviours. The evaluation of road safety education courses aimed at children is carried out with some assiduity. However, this does not usually occur in courses aimed at young people and adults. The present systematic review aims to identify studies that evaluate the effectiveness of road safety training programs in this population group. This systematic review followed the PRISMA methodology, by which the relevant articles based on the research term were identified. A total number of 1,336 indexed articles were filtered, and a final selection of 22 articles directly addressing the issue was obtained. Search strategies were developed and conducted in WOS, Scopus, NCBI, Google Scholar and APA databases. The selected articles indicate that the effects of road safety training programs in adults are mild to moderate. Their effectiveness is substantially increased when they are aimed at improving risk perception and decision making rather than training in driving skills. In any case, more evaluations of these courses are needed to identify which tools are effective and which should be replaced by new behaviour modification methods in the design of future driver education programs.

Abstract Apparent resistant hypertension (aTRH) is a significant public health issue. Once low adherence to antihypertensive treatment has been ruled out and true resistant hypertension is diagnosed, aldosterone-direct-renin-ratio (ADRR) aids in the screening of an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and primary aldosteronism (PA). Once PA and other secondary causes have been ruled out, the values of aldosterone and renin allow patients to be classified into phenotypes such as low renin hypertension (LRH), Liddle’s-like (LLph), and primary hyperaldosteronism (PAph). These classifications could aid in the treatment decision-making process. However, optimal cut-off points for these classifications remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the prevalence of these phenotypes and the behavior of different cut-offs of the ADRR in an Afro-Colombian population with apparent resistant hypertension, as well to describe their sodium consumption. Afro-descendant individuals 18 years of age or older, diagnosed with resistant hypertension and attending to a primary care center in Colombia were recruited as volunteers. As part of the study, their plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured. The phenotypes were categorized into three groups based on multiple cut-off points from different authors: low renin and low aldosterone phenotype (LLph), low renin and high aldosterone phenotype (PAph), and high renin and high aldosterone phenotype, referred to as the renal phenotype (Rph). The prevalence of ADRR values exceeding the cut-off and phenotypes were calculated. A linear regression model was derived to assess the effect of sodium consumption with PAC, PRC and ADRR. A total of 88 patients with aTRH were included. Adherence to at least 3 antihypertensive medications was 62.5%. The median age was 56 years (IQR 48–60), 44% were female, and 20% had diabetes. The study found that the prevalence of ADRR values exceeding the cut-off ranged from 4.5 to 23%, while low-renin hypertension (LRH) varied from 15 to 74%, Rph was found in approximately 30 to 34% of patients, PAph in 30 to 51%, and the LLph in 15 to 41%, respectively, depending on the specific cut-off value by different authors. Notably, sodium consumption was associated with lower aldosterone (β − 0.15, 95% CI [− 0.27, − 0.03]) and renin concentrations (β − 0.75, 95% CI [− 1.5, − 0.02]), but ADRR showed no significant association with sodium consumption. There were no significant differences in prevalences between the groups taking

La certificación en el turismo puede servir tanto de estímulo para mejorar la gestión de los recursos turísticos como de incentivo para los visitantes, puesto que a menudo ofrecen garantía de buenas experiencias turísticas. En tal sentido, es necesario realizar investigaciones que muestren las características de los sistemas de certificación turística en los destinos. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los sistemas de certificación turísticas en las Américas. Para el estudio se consideró un total de 59 sistemas de certificación turística en el continente, con niveles operativos globales, subglobales, nacionales, regionales y locales. La metodología se sustentó en una investigación de tipo documental, caracterización cualitativa y cuantitativa de los sistemas de certificación, utilizando la estadística descriptiva y el programa SPSS para el procesamiento de los datos. Entre los resultados se obtuvo que la mayor categoría certificada en el continente es “Proveedores de alojamiento”; “Estados Unidos” posee el mayor número de programas de certificación; el nivel operativo predominante entre los sistemas de certificación es el “Regional”. Se concluye que, muchos países de América utilizan los mismos criterios de sistemas globales para construir sus programas de certificación turística nacionales, en línea con las políticas ambientales y turísticas propias de cada país.

Hyponatremia, characterized by serum sodium

Context: Projects in metalworking companies are affected by risk. Proper risk management depends on the responses provided to improve the project plan. However, multiple potential actions may result in constraints due to multiple factors. The purpose of this article is to propose a hybrid approach to solve the problem of selecting risk response actions while considering strategic objectives, fuzzy logic, and simulation. Method: First, 334 risks were identified through a literature review and a discussion with experts. These were then filtered, resulting in 70 operational risks. Subsequently, the ten critical risks were prioritized using the risk matrix. Then, using Monte Carlo simulation and correlation analysis, the activities most affected by the risks were identified. Finally, potential response actions were designed for each case, and fuzzy logic and quality function deployment were applied to evaluate them. Results: The selected responses were framed within the strategic objectives, i.e., customer satisfaction, business profitability, and implementation of new technologies. This, while considering some corporate attributes that the actions had to meet finishing the project on time, having low costs, and meeting the scope. The selected actions had a better profile than others seeking to minimize time or costs. Conclusions: EPCC projects are complex and often suffer from gaps in scope, time, and cost. Risk analysis and the selection of responses in the planning phase help to improve performance. This study developed a risk response plan for a project executed in Brazil. Risks were identified, classified, and mitigated using simulations, resulting in an 11-day reduction in the project’s estimated duration.

Se reporta el caso de paciente masculino de 25 años de edad sin antecedentes patológicos conocidos, presentando sintomatología de un mes de evolución dado por aumento de volumen en dorso nasal con signos de flogosis sin salida de secreción acompañado de dolor local de moderada a fuerte intensidad que alivia a la ingesta de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES) motivo por el cual se valora y se decide su ingreso. Durante su estancia hospitalaria se realiza estudio anatomopatológico que reporta infección por leishmaniasis por lo que se indica terapia antimonial pentavalente a través de vía endovenosa y tópica con posterior remisión completa y cicatrización de herida por la que consulta inicialmente dicho paciente. Discusión: la Ulamida tópica a una concentración del 10% alcanza una efectividad en la resolución de la infección, compatible con los hallazgos del estudio Bullón et al. (2021) afirmando que el estudio por Granado et al. (2021) expone el uso de Glucantime en inyección intradérmica o IV 0,2-0,5 ml cada 3-7 días (hasta 5 sesiones) generando 91% de eficacia. Conclusión: el uso de Ulamina y Glucantime como tratamiento para la Leishmaniasis resulta efectivo (100%) dado su potencial antimonial pentavalente (SbV) en forma de antimoniato de meglumina la cual posee como principio activo. De la misma manera, su eficacia radica en su capacidad transdérmica o IV lo que resulta factible como tratamiento prolongado en pacientes con lesiones causadas por este microorganismo.

El cambio climático se afecta por la actividad humana principalmente al producir gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) que alteran la atmósfera y aumentan la temperatura media del planeta. En los Andes, cordillera oriental, con importante rango altitudinal, está ubicado el departamento de Boyacá, segundo productor de papa en Colombia, con una zona ligada culturalmente al tubérculo, el cual es vulnerable al cambio climático. Dado lo anterior, es relevante, para la producción de papa, conocer cuál es la distribución del cambio climático en la zona papera de Boyacá. En esta investigación se determina el cambio de precipitación y temperatura en esta zona durante el periodo 1986-2017. Se seleccionaron 37 estaciones con series anuales de precipitación y temperatura, se reconstruyeron los datos faltantes y se estimaron las medias multianuales y los cambios en estos elementos. Se zonificaron las variables climáticas y sus cambios por interpolación espacial. Se encontraron cambios, diferenciales espacialmente, de temperatura de entre -1,2 °C y 1,6 °C y de precipitación de entre -40 % y 60 %. Se concluye que existe variabilidad espacial a causa del cambio climático en la zona papera de Boyacá, con aumento y disminución tanto de precipitación como de temperatura en cerca del 50 % del territorio.

El proceso de valoración de atractivos y recursos turísticos constituyen entre otros aspectos de relevancia, la base del desarrollo turístico y componente significativo en el ámbito de la gestión de destinos turísticos. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cuantitativamente los atractivos y recursos turísticos para la gestión de destinos de sol y playa en Manabi aplicando la técnica multivariada de análisis factorial exploratorio. La metodología de investigación es de tipo descriptiva y correlacional, con el propósito de realizar un análisis factorial exploratorio por componentes principales. En consecuencia, entre los resultados alcanzados, se ha identificado un grupo de variables significativas para la caracterización del perfil del visitante a partir del análisis exploratorio de datos; así como, la demostración de la pertinencia y viabilidad práctica del análisis factorial exploratorio en la identificación de un conjunto de factores estructurados referidos a la oferta turística, atención al visitante, formación del personal y acciones de seguridad turística, entre otros. Como conclusiones derivadas del estudio, la cuantificación de atractivos y recursos turísticos ha contribuido al mejoramiento de programas de promoción turística rediseñados por el departamento de turismo cantonal localizados en los destinos de sol y playa seleccionados en la provincia de Manabí.

Especially in low: and middle-income countries, key constraints such as dense traffic flows, jams, and pollution constitute frequent issues that potentially explain many negative consequences in terms of (e.g.) efficiency, sustainability, and mobility safety. In this regard, recent evidence supports the idea that fostering public transportation is crucial to offering solutions for this difficult panorama. However, transport mode-related choices and shifts have been proven to depend highly on key perceptions and needs of potential users. The aim of this study was to analyze a set of key users’ perceptions, usage, and perceived quality of public transportation in the Dominican Republic, as well as to explore the most relevant features for Dominicans from the “desired quality” paradigm. For this research at a national level, data retrieved from a nationwide sample of 1254 inhabitants of the Dominican Republic was used, proportional to the ONE census in terms of sex, age, habitat, and region. Overall, the results show that the general quality of transportation is 6.70 points out of 10. The use of public transportation in the Dominican Republic has a medium-low rating and is very focused on urban buses (41 %) and public cars (27.1 %). Nonetheless, the metro remains the most highly rated means of transport (M = 8.75). Concerning the quality variables analyzed, the highest scores are for accessibility (M = 7.08) and frequency of service (M = 6.99). Further, Dominicans focus on improving comfort, vehicle conditions, and safety. This study constitutes a first approximation to the desired quality of public transportation for Dominican Citizens, which may help policymakers scope user-based needs in public transportation systems and encourage a more frequent (and friendlier) public transport use in the country.

This Data in Brief (DiB) article addresses the relationships among individuals’ transport habits, perceptions, and attitudes regarding transport-related pollution, as well as their willingness to act for environmental change. There are presented descriptive statistics, basic comparisons, and bivariate correlations among the core variables of the study. Additionally, the attached dataset appends information from a nationwide sample of 1,250 citizens in the Dominican Republic, with sex, age and habitat distribution proportional to the national census. The research database contains the full set of questions and responses to the research questionnaire, which is also attached to the supplementary files along with its codebook, making it possible to conduct further data explorations for research-related, divulgation, and educational purposes. For more information about the root study, it is advisable to read the paper “Who wants to change their transport habits to help reduce air pollution? A nationwide study in the Caribbean”, published in Journal of Transport & Health [1].

This Data in Brief (DiB) article presents the differences in cycling behaviors related to violations, errors, and positive behaviors by region. The study data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire applied to a full sample of 7,001 participants from 19 countries, distributed over 5 continents. This paper proposes descriptive statistics, as well as common statistical tests. The aim is to enable authors to make their own analyses, not to provide precise interpretations. For further information about the macro project supporting the collection of these data, it is advised to refer to the paper titled “Cross-culturally approaching the cycling behavior questionnaire (CBQ): Evidence from 19 countries”, published in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior.

We investigated the association of urban landscape profiles with health and environmental outcomes, and whether those profiles are linked to environmental and health co-benefits. In this ecological study, we used data from 208 cities in 8 Latin American countries of the SALud URBana en América Latina (SALURBAL) project. Four urban landscape profiles were defined with metrics for the fragmentation, isolation, and shape of patches (contiguous area of urban development). Four environmental measures (lack of greenness, PM2.5, NO2, and carbon footprint), two cause-specific mortality rates (non-communicable diseases and unintentional injury mortality), and prevalence of three risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and obesity) for adults were used as the main outcomes. We used linear regression models to evaluate the association of urban landscape profiles with environmental and health outcomes. In addition, we used finite mixture modeling to create co-benefit classes. Cities with the scattered pixels profile (low fragmentation, high isolation, and compact shaped patches) were most likely to have positive co-benefits. Profiles described as proximate stones (moderate fragmentation, moderate isolation, and irregular shape) and proximate inkblots (moderate-high fragmentation, moderate isolation, and complex shape) were most likely to have negative co-benefits. The contiguous large inkblots profile (low fragmentation, low isolation, and complex shape) was most likely to have mixed benefits.

Abstract Background This study aimed at comparing drivers’ and non-drivers’ results in the Adult Developmental Eye Movement with Distractors test (ADEMd) and the Useful Field of View test (UFOV). Methods One hundred and twenty Spaniards (mean age 50.90 ± 17.32 years) without eye disease voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants in a single experimental session completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic, health, eyesight, and driving information. They also performed the ADEMd and UFOV tests randomly following standardized protocols. The ADEMd is a visual-verbal test that measures saccadic efficiency and visual attention. Brown-Forsythe (B–F) tests with Games-Howell post-hoc adjustments were conducted to assess differences between groups. Groups were formed according to sex, age (young adults, adults, and older adults), and driver/non-driver for further analysis. Additionally, associations between dependent variables were assessed through Spearman’s correlations. Results Drivers obtained significantly better results in the ADEMd compared with non-drivers. Non-significant differences between drivers and non-drivers were encountered in the UFOV. Additionally, significant differences were observed between sexes and age groups. It is worth highlighting that non-driver’s age significantly correlated with worse ADEMd performance (rho = .637 to .716). This correlation was non-significant in drivers. Similarly, reading hours significantly correlated with better ADEMd performance in non-drivers (rho = − .291 to − .363), but not in drivers. The only significant correlations between ADEMd and UFOV tests were found in drivers (rho = .307 to .410). Conclusion Considering all the discussed results, it could be hypothesized that the driving task promotes abilities, such as oculomotor and cognitive function, which are relevant for the performance in the ADEMd. However, this hypothesis is based on correlational outcomes and further studies should causally assess this possible relation.

La gestión educativa institucional debe involucrarse en un entramado que incorpore acciones dinámicas e innovadoras para crear un proceso productivo y motivador para sus participantes. En este contexto, el objetivo central de este trabajo fue desarrollar elementos teóricos para la gestión educativa en las jornadas regulares y extendidas, utilizando la complejidad como paradigma emergente. La fundamentación epistemológica se apoyó en la teoría de la complejidad, con enfoques constructivistas y cognitivistas. El enfoque metodológico adoptado fue interpretativo y cualitativo, utilizando la fenomenología como método. Las técnicas de recolección de datos incluyeron entrevistas y observaciones, aplicadas a siete informantes clave mediante un guion. El análisis se llevó a cabo utilizando la teoría fundamentada y la técnica de Comparación Constante, utilizando el análisis de contenido para la codificación y la categorización, permitiendo avanzar desde los datos hasta la teoría. Se identificaron elementos teóricos constitutivos, como la renovación de la educación secundaria, la transformación de la gestión educativa, la actualización de la orientación curricular, la motivación para la participación comunitaria, la renovación de la praxis pedagógica, la concepción de jornadas innovadoras y la investigación como tarea formativa.

This study investigates the properties of a composite material obtained by mixing Fe78Si9B13 metallic powders (at %) with graphene nanoplates (GNP) in an epoxy matrix. Four composite types were created with GNP weight proportions of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. The composites were embedded in transparent epoxy with weight proportions of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and then filled into 7 x 20 mm cylindrical probes. Twelve samples were prepared, and another 12 samples were subjected to a longitudinal magnetic field of 1 kG. All samples were tested with a Universal Testing Machine (Model WDW 10E) up to a maximum force of 20 kN. The experiment recorded deformation (ΔH) vs. charge force. Most samples showed a maximum compression resistance of 390 MPa, except for a few that did not exceed 100 MPa. The magnetically oriented samples showed a greater elastic limit in the range of 200 to 270 MPa. Optical microscopy was used to observe the ordering of the particles after the application of the magnetic field. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the structure of the composite components. A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to characterize the magnetic behavior of the metallic powders in the composite.

Abstract In the absence of vaccines, the most widespread reaction to curb the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide was the implementation of lockdowns or stay-at-home policies. Despite the reported usefulness of such policies, their efficiency was highly constrained by socioeconomic factors determining their feasibility and their associated outcome in terms of mobility reduction and the subsequent limitation of social activity. Here we investigate the impact of lockdown policies on the mobility patterns of different socioeconomic classes in the three major cities of Colombia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In global terms, we find a consistent positive correlation between the reduction in mobility levels and the socioeconomic stratum of the population in the three cities, implying that those with lower incomes were less capable of adopting the aforementioned policies. Our analysis also suggests a strong restructuring of the mobility network of lowest socioeconomic strata during COVID-19 lockdown, increasing their endogenous mixing while hampering their connections with wealthiest areas due to a sharp reduction in long-distance trips.

Los procesos articulados de la educación superior con perspectiva de género constituyen un importante aporte a la comunidad y conducen a la valoración de todas las personas, sin distinción de naturaleza alguna; sin embargo, las estructuras patriarcales todavía prevalecen provocando diferencias claras. Este pensamiento hegemónico, androcéntrico en los espacios universitarios, provoca dificultades en la institucionalización y transversalización de la perspectiva de género, motivando a analizar el enfoque de género en la docencia de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca-Ecuador. Esta investigación fue de tipo mixta, con una técnica de investigación de tipo campo, siendo la población finita, conformada por 15.975 agentes informantes, a saber: Docentes, personal administrativo directivo, así como estudiantes, a los cuales se aplicó un muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Las técnicas de análisis de la data empleadas, fueron: Análisis de impacto, exploratorio-descriptivo de datos históricos, factorial confirmatoria del instrumento psicométrico aplicado y, finalmente, pruebas de discriminación de la escala total y subescalas obtenidas. Se concluye que existe una diferencia entre géneros en la docencia, mientras que, en el personal administrativo y de servicios, esta tendencia se torna de manera opuesta; asimismo, en el claustro docente en áreas específicas la presencia masculina es mayor que la femenina, quienes se encuentran infrarrepresentadas.

El turismo de sol y playa es la modalidad más atractiva para el turista al momento de planificar sus vacaciones. En este sentido, es necesario activar investigaciones que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad multidimensional de las comunidades costeras. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el comportamiento de la producción científica del turismo sostenible en destinos de sol y playa. Para el estudio se consideró un total de 39 documentos obtenidos por medio de una ecuación en la base de datos Scopus, durante el período 2009-2019, donde se analizaron indicadores bibliométricos unidimensionales de productividad. Asimismo, se utilizaron indicadores bibliométricos multidimensionales de colaboración autoral y de coocurrencia de palabras clave utilizando el software VOSviewer. Los resultados apuntan a autores medianos productores con relaciones de colaboración de carácter global y un crecimiento sostenido de las publicaciones por año, siendo el inglés el idioma que prevalece. En concusión la investigación realizada permite conocer la evolución y áreas específicas de conocimiento en el campo de la sostenibilidad de playas, entre las cuales se encuentran: Gestión integral de playas, evaluación ambiental de playas, sistemas de certificación de playas, acondicionamiento ambiental, social y político para mitigar los impactos negativos del calentamiento global en las playas.

La estrategia Narrarte es una apuesta de participación y diálogo de las emociones políticas frente a las reflexiones del transcurrir cotidiano de la amistad y la violencia barrial de niños y niñas en espacios de encuentro que posibilitan la construcción de un entramado de emociones, acciones y pensamientos individuales y colectivos, que favorecen el agenciamiento político y permite dar trámite emocional a situaciones dolorosas, de alegría o de entusiasmo. Este artículo, presenta los resultados de la experiencia emocional en relatos familiares, escolares y territoriales de 33 niños y niñas con edades entre 6 y 12 años, participantes de la Biblioteca Popular Pacho Vacca (BPPV) en la Comuna 8 de la ciudad de Neiva-Huila. El abordaje metodológico para la comprensión de las emociones fue la narración a través de talleres pedagógicos que desarrollaron metodologías artísticas y permitieron ver y reconocer las significaciones y sucesos de los niños y niñas en situaciones de la vida cotidiana. La información obtenida describe las tramas narrativas de emociones a partir de las prácticas de violencia y cuidado que ocurren dentro y fuera del espacio, demostrando la necesidad de emprender estrategias comunitarias que promuevan actitudes compasivas y de cuidado.

Introduction Technological advancements have the potential to enhance people’s quality of life, but their misuse can have a detrimental impact on safety. A notable example is the escalating issue of distracted driving resulting from the use of mobile phones behind the wheel, leading to severe crashes and injuries. Despite these concerns, both drivers’ usage patterns and their risk-related associations remain scarcely documented in Mexico. Therefore, this descriptive study aimed to examine the mobile phone usage of Mexican drivers, its relationships to risk awareness and near-miss/crash involvement, and the self-reported underlying reasons for this behavior. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized a sample of 1,353 licensed Mexican drivers who took part in a nationwide series of interviews regarding their onboard phone use settings. Results A significant percentage of drivers (96.8%) recognize using a mobile phone while driving as high-risk behavior. However, only 7.4% reported completely avoiding its use while driving, with 22.4% identified as high-frequency users. Frequency was also found positively associated with the self-reported rate of near-misses and crashes. Furthermore, qualitative data analysis highlights the emergence of a ‘sense of urgency’ to attend to phone-related tasks in response to daily demands and life dynamics, offering a potential explanation for this behavior. Conclusion The results of this study suggest common patterns of onboard mobile use among Mexican drivers concerning driving situations and associated risks. This underscores the need for increased efforts to discourage onboard phone use in the country.

IntroductionWhile Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have become a prominent topic in road safety research, there has been relatively little discussion about their effectiveness in preventing car collisions involving specific vulnerable road users, such as cyclists. Therefore, the primary objective of this systematic literature review is to analyze the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of in-vehicle ADAS in preventing vehicle collisions with cyclists.MethodsTo achieve this goal, this systematic review analyzed a selection of original research papers that examined the effectiveness of ADAS systems in preventing car-cyclist collisions. The review followed the PRISMA protocol, which led to the extraction of 21 eligible studies from an initial pool of 289 sources indexed in the primary scientific literature databases. Additionally, word community-based content analyses were used to examine the research topics and their links within the current scientific literature on the matter.ResultsAlthough the current number of studies available is still scarce (most sources focus on car-motorcyclist or car-pedestrian crashes), the overall quality of the available studies has been reasonably good, as determined by the selected evaluation methods. In terms of studies’ outcomes, the literature supports the value of in-vehicle ADAS for preventing car-cyclist crashes. However, threatful side effects such as unrealistic expectations of these systems and users’ overconfidence or desensitization are also highlighted, as well as the need to increase driver training and road user awareness.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that Advanced Driver Assistance Systems have significant potential to contribute to the prevention of driving crashes involving cyclists. However, the literature emphasizes the importance of concurrently enhancing user-related skills in both ADAS use and road-user interaction through educational and training initiatives. Future research should also address emerging issues, such as ADAS-related behavioral ergonomics, and conduct long-term effectiveness assessments of ADAS in preventing car-cycling crashes and their subsequent injuries.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, unique identifier CRD42024505492, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=505492.

BackgroundDespite being neglected for several decades, and in many countries, public transport environments have transformed into a reflection of social disparities and inequalities. Among these issues, harassment-a pervasive and worldwide gendered dynamic-has been demonstrated to negatively impact women's behavioral trends, daily opportunities, and health impacts, as well as safety and security outcomes.AimThis systematic review aimed to examine a set of studies analyzing harassment against women in public transport environments, with a focus on key issues such as its prevalence, impact on transport dynamics, preventive strategies, and policing avenues documented in the scientific literature.MethodA total of 575 indexed articles were filtered using the PRISMA methodology, resulting in a final selection of 28 original articles directly addressing the issue up to December 2023. Search strategies were developed and implemented across WOS, Scopus, NCBI, Google Scholar, and APA databases.ResultsBesides high frequency, widespread underreporting, and adverse effects on women's safety, this review has identified correlations between harassment and travel behavioral adaptations. Furthermore, it reveals a noticeable disparity between the existing measures and those perceived as more effective by potential victims. These findings underscore the pressing need to listen to and promote the inclusion of women in decision-making regarding transport affairs.ConclusionThe findings of this systematic review suggest that, despite a slightly limited body of research, the impact of transport harassment on women's health and welfare is consistently supported in the literature. In addition to being largely explained by existing inequalities rooted in social determinants, transit harassment further exacerbates gender gaps, gaining prospective importance for transport settings.

Objetivo: presentar los avances diagnósticos, moleculares y radiológicos, así como en las estrategias terapéuticas para gliomas difusos en los últimos 5 años (2018-2023) en la Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se describen las técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas utilizadas para gliomas difusos con casos ilustrativos. Resultados: se muestran los avances de las herramientas diagnósticas y terapéuticas para el manejo de gliomas difusos. Discusión: en los últimos 5 años se ha avanzado en la clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de los gliomas difusos, gracias a los avances tecnológicos como los marcadores moleculares, la tractografía y la fusión de imágenes para la neuronavegación y las técnicas de estimulación cortical. Esto ha permitido que el tratamiento de los pacientes con dichos tumores mejore la tasa de morbilidad, la calidad de vida libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia global. Conclusiones: las técnicas de diagnóstico como la tractografía, la fusión integral de imágenes intraoperatorias y el mapeo cerebral electrofisiológico con estimulación cortical y subcortical han mejorado el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los gliomas difusos.

IntroductionThe relationships between above-the-line (ATL) and below-the-line (BTL) communication and advertising strategies have been studied in many fields and procedures. Likewise, the interrelationships between both communicative typologies, when they exist, either strategically induced or spontaneously, are also known concerning their reinforcing effects. However, in the social communication field, specifically road safety communication, these interrelationships have been little studied, and few case studies have been done, particularly of those that have stood out as particularly significant.MethodsThus, this paper investigates the implementation process of an ATL awareness campaign of the Spanish Traffic Authority (DGT-General Directorate of Traffic) through the analysis of key digital reach indicators.ResultsDespite the foreseeable limitations of this research regarding the repercussions and positive impact on society of the DGT communication campaign, it is nevertheless a contribution of interest regarding the digital impact that has been generated in networks (BTL communication) from a DGT campaign broadcast on various media such as television, radio, posters, and social networks.DiscussionThus, from a methodology based on an exact delimitation (two DGT TV spots -from 2022- generating a quantitative activity on X (formally Twitter) that had never before produced DGT spots), significant conclusions and results have been reached related to issues of age groups, loyalty and distortion of messages, communication impact strategies, among others.

The construction of roads and highways are the central axis for the development of cultural, economic, and social growth of a country. There are different types of structural materials used for the construction of these roads, among which the use of asphalt mixtures for the creation of flexible pavements stands out. Este work shows the development of to characterization model for asphalt mixtures through the implementation of different digital tools to know, through an image, a detailed description of the asphalt mixture, allowing to simplifying decision making in the field, optimizing the process of construction and quality of pavements. For the development, digital image processing algorithms, discrete Fourier transform, and Kohonen self-organizing maps are implemented. The results Show the obtaining of the different characteristics, the error less than 4% of the digital granulometry with respect to the one used in the laboratory and the relationship of the segregation with the mechanical behavior of the mixtures. in future work, the validation of the incidence of the other parameters calculated with the mechanical properties of the material es projected.

Introduction: Global calls for action to support sustainable development through food systems and nutrition provide context to examine to what degree nutrition and dietetics professionals are equipped for this challenge. The purpose of this research is to investigate content related to sustainable food systems in training standards from Spanish-speaking countries and examine what level of knowledge is required. Methods: Researchers conducted a content analysis of documents informing nutrition and dietetics training standards for content related to sustainable food systems, including dimensions of these complex topics. Relevant content was then analyzed according to the level of cognitive complexity per Bloom's Revised Taxonomy. Results: Of 21 eligible countries, documents describing competencies, standards or codes of ethics were found for six, four of which included relevant standards: Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru. Overall, there was minimal comprehensive inclusion of sustainable food systems, but partial inclusion of one or more important sustainability dimensions. These were required at a mix of levels of cognitive complexity. Conclusions: This research adds to a small body of evidence documenting the state of readiness of nutrition and dietetics professionals to contribute to sustainable development. It highlights a moderate level of readiness in four Spanish-speaking countries, and opportunities for increased emphasis on comprehensive sustainability-informed education and training standards, which can help prepare practitioners for effective practice. Funding: MITACS Global Research Internship.

Objective To assess the safety, immunogenicity and cellular responses following the Moderna Spikevax primary series in rheumatic disease.Methods We conducted a 12-month, prospective, non-randomised, open-label, comparative trial of adults with either rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=131) on stable treatment; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=23) on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF); other rheumatic diseases on prednisone ≥10 mg/day (n=8) or age-matched/sex-matched controls (healthy control, HC, n=58). Adverse events (AEs), humoral immune responses (immunogenicity: IgG positivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its receptor binding domain, neutralising antibodies (NAbs)), cellular responses (ELISpot) and COVID-19 infection rates were assessed.Results Frequency of solicited self-reported AEs following vaccination was similar across groups (HC 90%, RA 86%, SLE 90%); among them, musculoskeletal AEs were more frequent in RA (HC 48% vs RA 66% (Δ95% CI CI 3 to 32.6)). Disease activity scores did not increase postvaccination. No vaccine-related serious AEs were reported. Postvaccination immunogenicity was reduced in RA and SLE (RA 90.2%, SLE 86.4%; for both, ΔCIs compared with HC excluded the null). Similarly, NAbs were reduced among patients (RA 82.6%, SLE 81.8%). In RA, age >65 (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8) and rituximab treatment (OR 0.003, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.02) were negative predictors of immunogenicity. ELISpot was positive in 16/52 tested RA and 17/26 HC (ΔCI 11.2–53.3). During the study, 11 HC, 19 RA and 3 SLE patients self-reported COVID-infection.Conclusion In COVID-19 Vaccine in Immunosuppressed Adults with Autoimmune Diseases, the Moderna Spikevax primary series was safe. MMF, RA age >65 and rituximab were associated with reduced vaccine-induced protection.

Objetivo: establecer la relación entre el consumo de alimentos considerados como factores de riesgo para cáncer gástrico y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 18 años admitidos para realización de endoscopia digestiva superior con toma de biopsias que respondieron adecuadamente una encuesta de antecedentes personales y hábitos de alimentación. Se excluyeron aquellos con antecedente de cáncer gástrico o resección quirúrgica gástrica por cualquier motivo. Se estimó la asociación entre las variables de alimentación y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica. Resultados: en una población de 1096 pacientes, el promedio de la edad fue 51 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 15,5), y correspondió en un 59% a mujeres. Se identificaron cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica en 173 pacientes (15,8%). No se obtuvo asociación estadística entre las variables independientes de hábitos de alimentación, obesidad y Helicobacter pylori positivo frente a la variable “cambios tróficos”, a diferencia de la variable “antecedente familiar de cáncer gástrico” (odds ratio [OR]: 1,49; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 1,03-2,17; p = 0,036). Se obtuvo 1 caso de displasia de alto grado en la población estudiada (0,91 casos en 1000 pacientes). Conclusiones: no se estableció una asociación entre los hábitos de alimentación y la presencia de cambios tróficos de la mucosa gástrica en la población estudiada. El antecedente familiar de cáncer gástrico se muestra como un factor de riesgo estadísticamente significativo para el desarrollo de cambios de atrofia, metaplasia o displasia.

Thanks to several previous efforts, school peer-to-peer bullying is nowadays considered a major issue for educational dynamics, research, and policy. Specifically in the field of research, bullying assessment tools have been gaining ground in recent years. Among them, the School Bullying Questionnaire (CIE-A) stands out. This is a teenager-targeted scale assessing bullying dynamics from a three-factor approach (i.e., victimization, symptomatology, and intimidation). However, to date, no previous study using similar tools has followed a gender perspective, and this shortcoming may hinder the effectiveness of policies and actions to face school bullying. The core aim of this study was to examine the effect of gender on teenagers' bullying-related factors and intimidation outcomes. This cross-sectional study analyzed the data provided by a gender-weighted sample of 770 Spanish teenagers with a mean age of M = 14.25 (SD = 1.53) years. They responded to a questionnaire that included the CIE-A together with other variables theoretically related to bullying dynamics, such as risk perception, sensation seeking, life satisfaction, and family conflict. Apart from typical inter-group comparisons, data were analyzed through a multi-group structural equation modeling (MGSEM) approach. Regarding bullying experiences, male teenagers have shown greater involvement in both victimization (passive bullying) and intimidation (active harassment) behaviors. On the other hand, females self-reported greater symptomatology in passive bullying scenarios, despite being less frequently involved in them. Further, the MGSEM showed good fit values (RMSEA 0.90) and theoretical plausibility, also depicting a set of structural mechanisms differentially explaining active peer-to-peer intimidation behaviors across genders. For instance, while risk perception is a significant predictor of intimidation only among females, sensation seeking plays a predictive role among male teenagers, but not for their female counterparts. The results of this study suggest that teenagers’ engagement in active bullying may be substantially different when approached from a gender perspective, finding key divergences in the variables that predict bullying-related behavioral outcomes. The outcomes of this research highlight the need to take into account gender differences, as well as extracurricular issues that influence intimidation dynamics, in potential bullying-related interventions.

Abstract We know little about how smoking prevention interventions might leverage social network structures to enhance protective social norms. In this study we combined statistical and network science methods to explore how social networks influence social norms related to adolescent smoking in school-specific settings in Northern Ireland and Colombia. Pupils (12–15 years old) participated in two smoking prevention interventions in both countries (n = 1344). A Latent Transition Analysis identified three groups characterized by descriptive and injunctive norms towards smoking. We employed a Separable Temporal Random Graph Model to analyze homophily in social norms and conducted a descriptive analysis of the changes in the students’ and their friends’ social norms over time to account for social influence. The results showed that students were more likely to be friends with others who had social norms against smoking. However, students with social norms favorable towards smoking had more friends with similar views than the students with perceived norms against smoking, underlining the importance of network thresholds. Our results support the notation that the ASSIST intervention takes advantage of friendship networks to leverage greater change in the students' smoking social norms than the Dead Cool intervention, reiterating that social norms are subject to social influence.

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión de literatura que muestre la relevancia, evolución y tendencias sobre la producción científica relacionada con la supervivencia empresarial identificada en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus entre 1973 y 2020. Para los registros obtenidos se realizó un análisis de red apoyado en la teoría de grafos, aplicando herramientas como R, bibliometrix y Gephi que permiten identificar la importancia del tema y construir la evolución teórica de su abordaje usando los algoritmos de la herramienta Tree of Sciencie (TOS), con el cual se identifican documentos seminales, estructurales y tendencias, por medio del análisis de clusterización. Los resultados muestran cuatro subáreas de análisis de la supervivencia: desde el emprendimiento, las estrategias y la influencia de la innovación, las variables que influyen en ella y la tipología de salida en la bolsa de valores.

Justificación: En Colombia, el comercio de especies de fauna silvestre sin la documentación necesaria es prohibido por ley, por lo que, en el contexto de una investigación penal sobre venta de reptiles a través de internet, como parte de una diligencia de allanamiento y registro, se realizó el procesamiento del lugar de los hechos. Objetivo: realizar la asignación taxonómica más probable utilizando análisis genético en muestras biológicas recolectadas del lugar de los hechos para establecer la presencia de reptiles, dada la ausencia de animales en el momento del allanamiento. Métodos: se recolectaron seis muestras biológicas que incluyeron un trozo de muda de piel, hisopados de superficies y materia fecal, para su posterior procesamiento siguiendo los protocolos de análisis establecidos. Se realizó extracción de ADN empleando sílice y se amplificó un marcador mitocondrial 12S-120pb; los fragmentos resultantes fueron secuenciados y las secuencias fueron comparadas con la información disponible en la base de datos Genbank mediante el algoritmo BLASTn. Resultados y discusión: a partir de los datos obtenidos de la comparación realizada, 100% de cobertura y 100% de identidad y tras analizar las características de cada grupo taxonómico y la información genética disponible se realizó la asignación taxonómica. En la muestra de muda de piel se encontró dificultad para la amplificación y secuenciación de todo el fragmento, lo que limitó el empleo de marcadores de mayor tamaño, sin embargo, a partir de la información obtenida se logró la identificación de la especie Boa constrictor (boa común); en el caso de la materia fecal y los hisopados se determinó la presencia de muestras provenientes de grupos taxonómicos comúnmente empleados para alimentación de algunas especies de reptiles, como Mus musculus (ratón común) y el género Rattus (especies de ratas). Conclusión: El marcador mitocondrial 12S-120pb empleado en este caso resultó exitoso para la obtención de secuencias a partir de muestras forenses, sin embargo, la utilización de cualquier marcador para la asignación taxonómica depende en gran medida de la información disponible y las características propias de cada grupo taxonómico.

Introducción. En los meningiomas, ocurren con frecuencia mutaciones en la región promotora de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa. Objetivo. Estimar la importancia pronóstica de las mutaciones de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa en pacientes colombianos con meningiomas de grados II y III. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo y multicéntrico, que incluyó pacientes con diagnóstico de meningioma persistente o recidivante, de grados II y III, según la clasificación de la OMS, reclutados entre el 2011 y el 2018, con tratamiento sistémico (sunitinib, everolimus con octreótido o sin él, y bevacizumab). El estado de la mutación del promotor de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa se determinó por medio de la PCR. Resultados. Se incluyeron 40 pacientes, en 21 (52,5 %) de los cuales se encontraron mutaciones en la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa, siendo las variantes más frecuentes la C228T (87,5 %) y la C250T (14,3 %). Estas fueron más frecuentes entre los pacientes con meningiomas anaplásicos (p=0,18), en aquellos con más de dos recurrencias (p=0,04), y en los que presentaron lesiones en la región parasagital y la fosa anterior (p=0,05). Los sujetos caracterizados por tener alteraciones puntuales fueron tratados con mayor frecuencia con la serie de medicamentos everolimus, sunitinib y bevacizumab (p=0,06). Tras el inicio del tratamiento médico, la supervivencia global fue de 23,7 meses (IC95% 13,1-34,2) en los pacientes con mutaciones y, de 43,4 meses (IC95% 37,5-49,3), entre aquellos sin mutaciones (p=0,0001). Los resultados del análisis multivariado demostraron que, únicamente, el número de recurrencias y la presencia de mutaciones en el gen de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa, fueron factores que afectaron negativamente la supervivencia global. Conclusiones. Las mutaciones en el gen promotor de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa permiten identificar los pacientes con alto riesgo, cuya detección podría ser de utilidad para seleccionar el mejor esquema terapéutico.

Abstract This paper makes a critical review of educational and operational issues related with pandemic and postpandemic lessons in Latin American higher education institutions (LATAM HEI), as background for uncovering key elements to innovate educational practices in technology-mediated higher education. The authors adapted the reflexive pedagogy framework to conduct in depth analysis of innovation experiences mediated with educational technologies and draw conclusions for curricular and digital transformation of LATAM HEI.