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Der Beitrag zielt darauf ab Prozesse der Datafication und damit entstehende neue Untersuchungs- und Problemfelder in einer Form untersuchbar zu machen, die einen analytischen Zugang zu aktuell sich eröffnenden Fragestellungen möglich macht. Dabei wird auf bereits existierende Forschungstraditionen im Zusammenhang mit dem Konzept der Digital Literacies zurückgegriffen und es werden diese um die Perspektive des Capabilitiy Approaches erweitert. Die Zusammenführung dieser beiden Denkrichtungen dient der Weiterentwicklung eines Konzepts von digitaler Resilienz, das als Rahmenmodell die Analyse der Qualität des aktuell gegebenen digitalen Strukturwissens und der digitalen Handlungs- und Reflexionskompetenzen in der Gesellschaft ermöglichen kann. Als ein an normativen Zielpunkten und an einer digitalen Ethik orientiertes Modell ist digitale Resilienz nicht nur auf der Mikroebene des Individuums wirksam, sondern spielt in der Beschäftigung mit Risikodynamiken und Potenzialen der gegenwärtigen digitalen Transformation auch auf der Ebene von Organisationen sowie auf der Makroebene der Gesellschaft eine wichtige Rolle.

X-ray contrast agents (XCAs) are increasingly polluting water. One way of effectively tackling the root of the problem is direct collection of patient urine. This requires gaining broad acceptance among patients and medical personnel.Iodinated x-ray contrast agents (XCAs) are water-soluble and persistent; their use and the associated water pollution are on the rise. They are not sufficiently removed in sewage treatment plants. XCAs are administered in medical facilities and are excreted almost unchanged in patients’ urine within 24 hours. These properties predestine the direct collection of patient urine. In Germany source- and application-oriented approaches, which require a broad acceptance among the relevant actors, are politically discussed as important columns of a holistic micro-pollutant strategy. The applicability of urine bags and their acceptance by patients and staff were examined in the pilot project MindER. 159 patients, roughly 20 to 25 percent of those addressed, took part in the survey. They assessed the measure mainly positively. The assessment of the staff was more sceptical. For a high level of acceptance among medical staff, it is important that the bags can be integrated into existing routines as simply as possible.

Die Stadt hat immer schon als Vergrößerungsglas oder als brauchbares Prisma zur Verdeut­lichung und zur Beobachtung von sozialen und räumlichen Umstrukturierungsprozessen gedient. Die meisten Sozialtheorien basieren auf Beobachtungen in Städten. Besonders jedoch im Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung der sogenannten lnformations-gesellschaft oder der neuen Informationswirtschaft steht die Stadt erneut im Zentrum von sozialen, politi­schen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Überlegungen.

This paper aims to make a contribution toward an improvement of European e-policy practice. It is inspired by the conviction that successful e-policy strategies can lead to balanced chances for all members in certain societies to aquire the absolutely indispensable capabilities for decision-making in the context of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Following the path of the development of e-policy papers it has to be stated that many goals have not yet been achieved. The techno-deterministic concepts ‘access’ and ‘usage’ seem not to reach far enough to get people really involved and informed. Many more aspects have to be considered in order to create a climate for innovation where different choices made by different individuals according to their different social, economic or cultural backgrounds do not lead automatically to the well known either or not, connected or not-connected, haves or have-nots, but to a variety of patterns of involvement. In this paper, we argue for different e-policy strategies according to cultural aspects in certain societies. And hereby we will focus on the cultural aspects of information itself, on the notion of information in different information cultures. It also seems important to mention at this stage that we believe that getting all members of society involved in the ICTinnovation process in order to provide the basis for informed decisions by each individual member is the most important task of e-policy. 1 1. E-policy Most governments around the globe emphasize the diffusion and implementation of ICTs in their countries as one - if not the only - major opportunity for economic competitiveness and as a chance to overcome social and economic divides within their states. In numerous policypapers - most are derivatives from the original "National Information Infrastructure: Agenda for Action" introduced in 1993 by the then new US Clinton-Gore Administration- these are unquestioned assumptions. Concepts like universal access and computer literacy form the guidelines for most of the so-called e-policy-papers. In principle, e-policy is the strategy for the introduction of ICT in a certain social environment. This strategy can be applied on different levels from organizational to global. This paper focuses on e-policy on a national and supra-national (EU) level.

There has been evidence of dung in lakeside and moorland settlements since the beginning of wetland archaeology in the 19th century. While evidence has been found for the easily discernible faecal pellets of sheep and goats, recognition of cattle dung has proven to be considerably more difficult. In this study, we give an overview of evidence for dung remains in prehistoric wetland settlements in Germany, Switzerland and eastern France. Various methods for the analysis of uncharred dung remains are reviewed – analyses of plant macro- and microremains, micromorphology and palaeoparasitology – and are applied to two late Neolithic sites in Germany, Alleshausen-Taschenwiesen and Alleshausen-Grundwiesen. It will be shown that at Alleshausen-Taschenwiesen small ruminants were penned during the whole winter and fed on leaf hay unlike Alleshausen-Grundwiesen, where cattle browsed/grazed in the open during the day and were herded into the settlement during the night – both in summer and in winter.

Editorial zu 1/1995

At present there are substantial amounts of archaeological and archaeobotanical data from the Late Neolithic wetland settlements of southern Germany on the oil and fibre plant flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). This is the result of 30 years of intensive excavations and research in 53 settlement areas. This article, on the one hand, will present the significance of flax remains, products made of flax and the inventory of relevant tools for evidence of and reconstruction of the flax production processes. On the other hand, based on the quantitative analysis of flax remains, the changing significance of this important cultivated plant during the course of the Late Neolithic will be demonstrated. From this it will be evident that textile production and in particular flax processing were part of a decisive upheaval in cultural development that initiated the transition to the middle phase of the Late Neolithic in the fields of agriculture and technology.

At the late Neolithic site Torwiesen II (3283 and 3279 cal. b.c.) a systematic sampling programme was carried out, covering the entire settlement area. Plastic tubes, 10 cm in diameter and 20–30 cm long were used for sampling, in which one sample per square metre was taken. For each plant species in every analysed sample the concentration, in remains per litre of sediment, was calculated and plotted with AutoCAD. Every plot shows the quantitative distribution of a taxon on the site and indicates a special pattern that may reflect economic conditions or even social differences within the settlement. With the plots, areas of special activity inside and outside the houses were detected: zones of crop processing, cooking areas and rubbish deposits. The socio-economic structure of the settlement with unspecialised farmers, crop specialists and gatherers is indicated by the content of crops and edible wild plants inside the houses. On the basis of the systematic sampling programme it could be shown that Torwiesen II was not a consistent community, but much more a structured one.

The transition from the early to the middle phase of the Late Neolithic (fourth–third millennium b.c.) is closely connected with the term “secondary products revolution”, which involves the adoption of animal traction and an increased production of rendered animal commodities such as wool and dairy products. Based on measurements of Linum usitatissimum L. (flax) seeds and their abundance in 32 wetland settlements in southwest Germany, we presume that the introduction of a new flax variety, maybe a better flax for fibre, and the intensification of flax cultivation were also a part of this process. The morphometric analysis shows that flax seed sizes in the early phase of the Late Neolithic (4000–3400 cal. b.c.) differ significantly from those of the middle and latest phase (3400–2400 cal. b.c.).

The aim of the study was to investigate parental perception and interpretation of infant emotional expression depending on their attachment representation. Forty-six parents' responses to infant pictures depicting positive, neutral, and negative emotions were assessed on the level of affective judgments (valence, arousal), mimic responses (facial muscle activity), and of the eyelid reflex (using the startle paradigm). Results revealed small differences between parents of different attachment representations with respect to their subjective evaluations. However, secure parents, as compared to insecure ones, showed a positive bias in their mimic responses to infant pictures. The modulation of the startle response indicated a negative evaluation of negative infant emotion expressions in dismissing parents, while an augmentation of the startle response to negative infant emotions could not be observed in secure and preoccupied parents. The findings highlight the role of attachment experiences for emotional information processing in parents and its consequences for parental behavior.

Veranderungen der Gesellschaft durch die Digitalisierung und durch neue Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien betreffen insbesondere den Bildungssektor. Informationsfulle, Kollaboration, Partizipation und Vernetzung durch digitale Netzwerke charakterisieren den Kommunikationsalltag der Kinder und Jugendlichen und mussen als didaktische Prinzipien Eingang in die Bildung finden. Mogliche Perspektiven sollen aus kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Sicht diskutiert und anhand des Projektbeispiels „Polipedia.at“ verdeutlicht werden.

The study of data collected in the pile-dwellings from the region between the southwest of Germany and the Jura Lakes offers an achieved picture of the development of early agricultural practices between the 5th and the 4th millennium BC. Cultivated plants – mainly cereals – as well as ruderals and harvest tools trace the arrival of different currents of neolithisation. Information on the location and the length of life of the villages, deforestation and development of crop fields describe progressive anthropisation of the landscape., L’étude des données recueillies dans les palafittes de la zone comprise entre le sud-ouest de l’Allemagne et les lacs du pied du Jura donne une image achevée du développement des premières pratiques agricoles entre le Ve et le IVe millénaire avant notre ère. L’apparition de plantes cultivées, principalement des céréales, des mauvaises herbes et des outils de moisson permettent de tracer l’arrivée de différents courants de néolithisation. La localisation et la durée des villages, les indications relatives à la déforestation et à la préparation des champs destinés aux cultures décrivent l’anthropisation progressive du paysage., Maier Ursula, Schlichtherle Helmut, Borrello Maria Angelica. Céréales, mauvaises herbes et faucilles : à la recherche des premiers agriculteurs au nord des Alpes. In: Le Globe. Revue genevoise de géographie, tome 155, 2015. L’invention de l’agriculture. pp. 47-64.

Editorial zu 2/1985

Two hundred and seventy carbonized naked wheat ears from the Neolithic pile dwelling at Hornstaad-Hornle IA/Lake Constance (Germany) were analysed. The characteristics of internodes and glumes show that only tetraploid naked wheat types were cultivated. Following the history of free-threshing wheats it seems conceivable that the tetraploid naked wheats spread from their point of origin in the Middle East (7th/8th millennium B.C.) via a Mediterranean route to southwest Europe, reaching the northern foothills of the Alps about 4000 B.C.

The situation in Austria regarding specific information super-highway (ISH) initiatives and telecommunications policy in general is changing almost on a daily basis. The last 2 years can be described as ranging from a real telecommunications hype in 1994 to the current stage of disillusionment, due to exaggerated hopes connected with EU membership and the aftermath of recent new elections. It is not foreseeable how the substantial budget-cuts set by the Austrian Government will affect already implemented telecommunications initiatives and further developments of the ISH in Austria. Nevertheless, it is feared that the commitment of the Austrian Government to support the private sector in the context of the development of the Austrian telecommunications infrastructure on the one hand, and the substantial financial crisis on the other hand, will weaken the potential of the Government as a political player.

The spread of farming from western Asia to Europe had profound long-term social and ecological impacts, but identification of the specific nature of Neolithic land management practices and the dietary contribution of early crops has been problematic. Here, we present previously undescribed stable isotope determinations of charred cereals and pulses from 13 Neolithic sites across Europe (dating ca. 5900–2400 cal B.C.), which show that early farmers used livestock manure and water management to enhance crop yields. Intensive manuring inextricably linked plant cultivation and animal herding and contributed to the remarkable resilience of these combined practices across diverse climatic zones. Critically, our findings suggest that commonly applied paleodietary interpretations of human and herbivore δ15N values have systematically underestimated the contribution of crop-derived protein to early farmer diets. ispartof: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol:110 issue:30 pages:1-6 ispartof: location:United States status: published

"Open" is not just a fancy synonym for transparent and accountable. The "Open" in Open Government, Open Data, Open Information, and Open Innovation stands for the changing relation between citizens and authorities. Many citizens no longer accept the passive stance representative democracy held for them. They take an active approach in setting up better means of collaboration by ICTs. They demand and gain access to their historically grown collective knowledge stored in government data. Not just on a local level, they actively shape the political agenda. Open Government is to be seen in the context of citizens‘ rights: the right to actively participate in the process of agenda-setting and decision-making. Research into open government needs to address the value of the changing relation between citizens, public administration, and political authority. The paper argues finally for the application of the Public Value concept to research into open government.

The aim of this chapter is to discuss the mutual influence between culture and technology on a broad inter- and transcultural level. Especially, how does information culture shape the meaning of information, communication, and knowledge, and consequently, the design, spread, and usage of ICTs in certain societies? Vice versa, we are interested in the ways in which the spread and usage of ICTs affect the predominating culture. We aim for a model that incorporates cultural as well as technological factors in order to provide a basis for future ICT research that goes beyond both technological determinism and social constructivism. We believe that new technologies indeed can contribute to more justice in the world in terms of access to knowledge and wealth, if sociocultural factors are taken into account more seriously. Current developments in the context of the UN World Summit on the Information Society raise awareness in this direction. At the same time, we are well aware that the loose notion and imprecise definition of the concept of culture allows for the exploitation of the term in empty political and technoeconomical policies. Culture degenerates to an indispensable buzzword in the current ICT debate. This chapter is an attempt to introduce the concept of culture into the socioresponsible ICT research on equal terms with technology, economy, and society.

In the information age ethical questions are raised about the actual course of the evolution of humankind which is now at a critical crossroad – the Great Bifurcation. Values like peace, respect for nature, justice, solidarity, freedom and equality assume greater importance. They all constitute the ethos of the Great Bifurcation. This ethos has practical implications. E-policies when based on this ethos have to go beyond techno-oriented solutions in order to bring about a sustainable global information society.