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5. Lautropia mirabilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gramnegative motile coccus with unusual morphology isolated from the human mouth

Author

Gerner-Smidt, P., Keiser-Nielsen, H., Dorsch, M., Stackebrandt, E., Ursing, J., Blom, J., Christensen, A.C., Christensen, J.J., Frederiksen, W., Hoffmann, S., Holten-Anderson, W., and Ying, Y.T.

Subjects
Gram-negative bacteria -- Genetic aspects, Ultrastructure (Biology) -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Lautropia mirabilis is an anaerobic gram-negative coccus containing coccoid cells with flagellar bundles. The bacterial cells are mobile and urease and oxidase positive. 16S-ribosomal RNA sequences from the cells indicate that the cells belong to the proteobacteria beta subgroup. The bacterial cells ferment sucrose, fructose and mannitol and degrade nitrite and nitrate.

Published
1994

8. Clinical determinants of early parasitological response to ACTs in African patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a literature review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Author

Abdulla, S, Adam, I, Adjei, G, Adjuik, M, Alemayehu, B, Allan, R, Arinaitwe, E, Ashley, E, Ba, MS, Barennes, H, Barnes, K, Bassat, Q, Baudin, E, Berens-Riha, N, Bjoerkman, A, Bompart, F, Bonnet, M, Borrmann, S, Bousema, T, Brasseur, P, Bukirwa, H, Checchi, F, Dahal, P, D'Alessandro, U, Desai, M, Dicko, A, Djimde, A, Dorsey, G, Doumbo, O, Drakeley, C, Duparc, S, Eshetu, T, Espie, E, Etard, J, Faiz, A, Falade, C, Fanello, C, Faucher, J, Faye, B, Faye, O, Filler, S, Flegg, J, Fofana, B, Fogg, C, Gadalla, N, Gaye, O, Genton, B, Gething, P, Gil, J, Gonzalez, R, Grandesso, F, Greenhouse, B, Greenwood, B, Grivoyannis, A, Guerin, P, Guthmann, J, Hamed, K, Hamour, S, Hay, S, Hodel, E, Humphreys, G, Hwang, J, Ibrahim, M, Jima, D, Jones, J, Jullien, V, Juma, E, Kachur, P, Kager, P, Kamugisha, E, Kamya, MR, Karema, C, Kayentao, K, Kiechel, J, Kironde, F, Kofoed, P, Kremsner, P, Krishna, S, Lameyre, V, Lell, B, Lima, A, Makanga, M, Malik, E, Marsh, K, Martensson, A, Massougbodji, A, Menan, H, Menard, D, Menendez, C, Mens, P, Meremikwu, M, Moreira, C, Nabasumba, C, Nambozi, M, Ndiaye, J, Ngasala, B, Nikiema, F, Nsanzabana, C, Ntoumi, F, Oguike, M, Ogutu, B, Olliaro, P, Omar, SA, Ouedraogo, J, Owusu-Agyei, S, Penali, L, Pene, M, Peshu, J, Piola, P, Plowe, C, Premji, Z, Price, R, Randrianarivelojosia, M, Rombo, L, Roper, C, Rosenthal, P, Sagara, I, Same-Ekobo, A, Sawa, P, Schallig, H, Schramm, B, Seck, A, Shekalaghe, SA, Sibley, C, Sinou, V, Sirima, S, Som, F, Sow, D, Staedke, S, Stepniewska, K, Sutherland, C, Swarthout, T, Sylla, K, Talisuna, A, Taylor, W, Temu, E, Thwing, J, Tine, R, Tinto, H, Tommasini, S, Toure, O, Ursing, J, Vaillant, M, Valentini, G, Van den Broek, I, Van Vugt, M, Ward, SA, Winstanley, P, Yavo, W, Yeka, A, Zolia, Y, Zongo, I, Based, W, Unité de Recherche sur le Paludisme [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)

Subjects
Male, Infektionsmedicin, Antimalarial, MESH: Africa, law.invention, Amodiaquine/therapeutic use, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, law, 030212 general & internal medicine, Artemether, Prospective Studies, Malaria, Falciparum, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, Medicine(all), MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, Artemisinins, 3. Good health, Drug Combinations, Meta-analysis, parasite, Quinolines, Drug Therapy, Combination, Artemisinin based Combination Therapy (ACT), MESH: Quinolines, medicine.drug, Falciparum, Infectious Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, ARTEMISININ-RESISTANT MALARIA PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PARASITE CLEARANCE ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE COMBINATION THERAPY IN-VIVO EFFICACY ARTESUNATE CHILDREN PHARMACOKINETICS, Quinolines/administration & dosage, African patients, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Internal medicine, MESH: Artemisinins, parasitic diseases, Artemisinin combination therapy, medicine, Humans, MESH: Africa South of the Sahara, Falciparum malaria, Risk factor, MESH: Amodiaquine, Africa South of the Sahara, Parasite clearance, MESH: Drug Combinations, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Amodiaquine, Infant, Odds ratio, MESH: Antimalarials, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Surgery, Malaria, Clinical trial, Artemisinins/administration & dosage, MESH: Drug Therapy, Combination, chemistry, Artesunate, Africa, Commentary, Antimalarials/administration & dosage, business
Abstract

WWARN Artemisinin based Combination Therapy (ACT) Africa Baseline Study Group; International audience; Background: Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has emerged in the Greater Mekong sub-region and poses a major global public health threat. Slow parasite clearance is a key clinical manifestation of reduced susceptibility to artemisinin. This study was designed to establish the baseline values for clearance in patients from Sub-Saharan African countries with uncomplicated malaria treated with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). Methods: A literature review in PubMed was conducted in March 2013 to identify all prospective clinical trials (uncontrolled trials, controlled trials and randomized controlled trials), including ACTs conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, between 1960 and 2012. Individual patient data from these studies were shared with the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) and pooled using an a priori statistical analytical plan. Factors affecting early parasitological response were investigated using logistic regression with study sites fitted as a random effect. The risk of bias in included studies was evaluated based on study design, methodology and missing data. Results: In total, 29,493 patients from 84 clinical trials were included in the analysis, treated with artemether-lumefantrine (n = 13,664), artesunate-amodiaquine (n = 11,337) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (n = 4,492). The overall parasite clearance rate was rapid. The parasite positivity rate (PPR) decreased from 59.7 % (95 % CI: 54.5–64.9) on day 1 to 6.7 % (95 % CI: 4.8–8.7) on day 2 and 0.9 % (95 % CI: 0.5–1.2) on day 3. The 95th percentile of observed day 3 PPR was 5.3 %. Independent risk factors predictive of day 3 positivity were: high baseline parasitaemia (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.16 (95 % CI: 1.08–1.25); per 2-fold increase in parasite density, P 37.5 °C) (AOR = 1.50 (95 % CI: 1.06–2.13), P = 0.022); severe anaemia (AOR = 2.04 (95 % CI: 1.21–3.44), P = 0.008); areas of low/moderate transmission setting (AOR = 2.71 (95 % CI: 1.38–5.36), P = 0.004); and treatment with the loose formulation of artesunate-amodiaquine (AOR = 2.27 (95 % CI: 1.14–4.51), P = 0.020, compared to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine). Conclusions: The three ACTs assessed in this analysis continue to achieve rapid early parasitological clearance across the sites assessed in Sub-Saharan Africa. A threshold of 5 % day 3 parasite positivity from a minimum sample size of 50 patients provides a more sensitive benchmark in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to the current recommended threshold of 10 % to trigger further investigation of artemisinin susceptibility.

Published
2015

9. The effect of dose on the antimalarial efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine: a systematic review and pooled analysis of individual patient data

Author

Anstey, NM, Price, RN, Davis, TME, Karunajeewa, HA, Mueller, I, D'Alessandro, U, Massougbodji, A, Nikiema, F, Ouedraogo, JB, Tinto, H, Zongo, I, Same-Ekobo, A, Kone, M, Menan, H, Toure, AO, Yavo, W, Kofoed, PE, Alemayehu, BH, Jima, D, Baudin, E, Espie, E, Nabasumba, C, Pinoges, L, Schramm, B, Cot, M, Deloron, P, Faucher, JF, Guthmann, JP, Lell, B, Borrmann, S, Adjei, GO, Ursing, J, Tjitra, E, Marsh, K, Peshu, J, Juma, E, Ogutu, BR, Omar, SA, Sawa, P, Talisuna, AO, Khanthavong, M, Mayxay, M, Newton, PN, Piola, P, Djimde, AA, Doumbo, OK, Fofana, B, Sagara, I, Bassat, Q, Gonzalez, R, Menendez, C, Smithuis, F, Bousema, T, Kager, PA, Mens, PF, Schallig, HDFH, van Den Broek, I, van Vugt, M, Ibrahim, ML, Falade, CO, Meremikwu, M, Gil, JP, Karema, C, Ba, MS, Faye, B, Faye, O, Gaye, O, Ndiaye, JL, Pene, M, Sow, D, Sylla, K, Tine, RCK, Penali, LK, Barnes, KI, Workman, LJ, Lima, A, Adam, I, Gadalla, NB, Malik, EFM, Bjorkman, A, Martensson, A, Ngasala, BE, Rombo, L, Aliu, P, Duparc, S, Filler, S, Genton, B, Hodel, EM, Olliaro, P, Abdulla, S, Kamugisha, E, Premji, Z, Shekalaghe, SA, Ashley, EA, Carrara, VI, McGready, R, Nosten, F, Faiz, AM, Lee, SJ, White, NJ, Dondorp, AM, Smith, JJ, Tarning, J, Achan, J, Bukirwa, H, Yeka, A, Arinaitwe, E, Staedke, SG, Kamya, MR, Kironde, F, Drakeley, CJ, Oguike, M, Sutherland, CJ, Checchi, F, Dahal, P, Flegg, JA, Guerin, PJ, Moreira, C, Nsanzabana, C, Sibley, CH, Stepniewska, K, Gething, PW, Hay, SI, Greenwood, B, Ward, SA, Winstanley, PA, Dorsey, G, Greenhouse, B, Rosenthal, PJ, Grivoyannis, A, Hamed, K, Hwang, J, Kachur, PS, and Nambozi, M

Published
2015

28. Lautropia mirabilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-negative motile coccus with unusual morphology isolated from the human mouth

Author

GERNER-SMIDT, P., primary, KEISER-NIELSEN, H., additional, DORSCH, M., additional, STACKEBRANDT, E., additional, URSING, J., additional, BLOM, J., additional, CHRISTENSEN, A. C., additional, CHRISTENSEN, J. J., additional, FREDERIKSEN, W., additional, HOFFMANN, S., additional, HOLTEN-ANDERSEN, W., additional, and YING, Y. T., additional

Published
1994
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38. Influence of consecutive-day blood sampling on polymerase chain reaction-adjusted parasitological cure rates in an antimalarial-drug trial conducted in Tanzania.

Author

Martensson A, Ngasala B, Ursing J, Veiga MI, Wiklund L, Membi C, Montgomery SM, Premji Z, Färnert A, and Björkman A

Abstract

We assessed the influence that consecutive-day blood sampling, compared with single-day blood sampling, had on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-adjusted parasitological cure after stepwise genotyping of merozoite surface proteins 2 (msp2) and 1 (msp1) in 106 children in Tanzania who had uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with either sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or artemether-lumefantrine; 78 of these children developed recurrent parasitemia during the 42-day follow-up period. Initial msp2 genotyping identified 27 and 33 recrudescences by use of single- and consecutive-day sampling, respectively; in subsequent msp1 genotyping, 17 and 21 of these episodes, respectively, were still classified as recrudescences; these results indicate a similar sensitivity of the standard single-day PCR protocol--that is, 82% (27/33) and 81% (17/21), in both genotyping steps. Interpretation of PCR-adjusted results will significantly depend on methodology. Copyright © 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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