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The true spirit of education involves psychosocial grooming and character building of learners. Teacher's efficacy plays a vital role in achieving educational objectives. The effectiveness of teachers is usually evaluated through the academic grades of their students. Teacher's efficacy, however, is originally the ability of a teacher to improve the cognitive functioning and humanistic values of students. The current study developed and validated a new scale entitled the Qualiquant Teacher's Efficacy Scale (QTES) by involving 147 teachers and 59 students. The sample was selected thru a mixed method that involved convenient and purposive sampling techniques. QTES reflected strong validity and excellent reliability thru exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-scale, and item-total correlations. QTES is a unique measure for teacher's efficacy because it defines teacher's efficacy through cognitive functioning and humanistic values, offers two parallel and separate versions for teachers and students, and quantifies the qualitative data.

Training and development programs are increasingly delivered online with numerous studies reporting no differences in learning outcomes between online and traditional learning. However, there are no established standardized methods to evaluate the effectiveness of online learning. This review aims to map the state of research around health-related education to determine what elearning evaluation methods are being used, the strengths or deficiencies of these methods, and which are appropriate for measuring the effectiveness of online education. Databases searched were PubMed, ProQuest, Education Resources Information Centre, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, PsychInfo, and Medline. Studies were included if they were published between 2011 and 2021, reported health-related online education and included an evaluation component. Thirty studies were obtained from numerous countries with varied methodologies and designs. Participants ranged from undergraduate students to medical professionals. Evaluation methods included student participation, students' reaction to the training program, self-efficacy, knowledge assessment, long-term performance, and the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Framework. The review identified that course evaluations, such as measuring student satisfaction scores alone, are insufficient when used to quantify learning effectiveness for online education. This was particularly important as studies are reporting these single metrics as positive effects of training interventions without justification. Suggestions within the reviewed papers were to adopt and implement an appropriate validated method within the course curriculum to evaluate learning outcomes.

Abstract Vaccine acceptance is a crucial component of a viable immunization program in healthcare system, yet the disparities in new and existing vaccination adoption rates prevail across regions. Disparities in the rate of vaccine acceptance result in low immunization coverage and slow uptake of newly introduced vaccines. This research presents an innovative AI-driven predictive model, designed to accurately forecast vaccine acceptance within immunization programs, while providing high interpretability. Primarily, the contribution of this study is to classify vaccine acceptability into Low, Medium, Partial High, and High categories. Secondly, this study implements the Feature Importance method to make the model highly interpretable for healthcare providers. Thirdly, our findings highlight the impact of demographic and socio-demographic factors on vaccine acceptance, providing valuable insights for policymakers to improve immunization rates. A sample dataset containing 7150 data records with 31 demographic and socioeconomic attributes from PDHS (2017–2018) is used in this paper. Using the LightGBM algorithm, the proposed model constructed on the basis of different machine-learning procedures achieved 98% accuracy to accurately predict the acceptability of vaccines included in the immunization program. The association rules suggest that higher SES, region, parents’ occupation, and mother’s education have an association with vaccine acceptability.

Background: Limited data exist on the role of coronary collaterals circulation (CCC) in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS). This study aimed to assess CCC and the in-hospital course of patients with CCC undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods: The study included consecutive STE-ACS patients undergoing pPCI. Good CCC was defined as Rentrop collateral score (RCS) of 2–3. Patients with good and poor CCC were compared regarding clinical characteristics, angiographic patterns, and hospital course. Results: In the sample of 4683 patients, mean age was 55.6 ± 11 years, and 78.8 % were male. Good CCC was observed in 499 (10.7 %) patients. The rate of intra-procedure slow-flow/no-reflow (SF/NR) was 29.9 % vs. 20.5 % (p

Abstract Background Bt technology has played significant role in controlling bollworms and increasing cotton yield in earlier days of its introduction, a subsequent decline in yield became apparent over time. This decline may be attributed to various environmental factors, pest dynamics, or combination of both. Therefore, the present biophysical survey and questionnaire were designed to evaluate the impact of Bt cotton on bollworms management and its effect on reducing spray costs, targeting farmers with varied landholdings and educational backgrounds. Additionally, data on farmers' cultivated varieties and the prevalence of bollworms and sucking insects in their fields were recorded. Subsequently, about eleven thousand cotton samples from farmer fields were tested for Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab and Vip3A genes by strip test. Results In this analysis, 83% of the farmers planting approved varieties believe that Bt technology control bollworms, while 17% hold contradictory views. Similarly, among farmers cultivating unapproved varieties, 77% agree on effectiveness of Bt technology against bollworms, while 23% disagree. On the other hand, 67% of farmers planting approved varieties believe that Bt technology does not reduce spray costs, while 33% agree with the effectiveness. Similarly, 78% of farmers cultivating unapproved varieties express doubt regarding its role to reduce spray costs, while 22% are in favour of this notion. Differences in opinions on the effectiveness of Bt cotton in controlling bollworms and reducing spray cost between farmers planting unapproved and approved varieties may stem from several factors. One major cause is the heavy infestation of sucking insects, which is probably due to the narrow genetic variation of the cultivated varieties. Additionally, the widespread cultivation of unapproved varieties (21.67%) is also an important factor to cause different opinions on the effectiveness of Bt cotton. Conclusion Based on our findings, we propose that the ineffective control of pests on cotton crop may be attributed to large scale cultivation of unapproved varieties and non-inclusion of double and triple transgene technologies in country’s sowing plan. On the basis of our findings, we suggest cotton breeders, regulatory bodies and legislative bodies to discourage the cultivation of unapproved varieties and impure seed. Moreover, the adoption of double and triple Bt genes in cottons with a broad genetic variation could facilitate the revival of the cotton industry, and presenting a promising way forward.

This study focuses on the presence and participation of women in higher education to examine how they function and advance to leadership roles in various academic contexts. With a focus on the conceptualisation of female leadership in literature, challenges facing senior women academics in their advancement to leadership positions, and policy decisions implemented in various contexts to encourage women's leadership in academia, our study reviews the previous research published in peer-reviewed, Scopus-indexed journals between 2015 and 2023, employing a standard protocol for conducting a systematic literature review. Findings reveal a weaker conceptualisation of female leadership in leadership literature, whereas structural inequalities, women's distorted perception of the self, and their leadership styles are identified as three main challenges facing senior female academics across all contexts. Immediate and effective measures are being taken in the West to promote women's academic leadership, whereas Eastern countries appear to be in dire need of realising the importance of women's active contributions to decision-making, as indicated by fewer studies coming from Asian contexts grappling with a wider gender gap. The study has significant implications for policymakers on actions required to close the prevalent gender gap in developing countries.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare, autoinflammatory bone disorder most often seen in children and adolescents characterized by recurrent episodes of sterile osteolytic osseous lesions. Diagnosing CRMO requires the exclusion of other conditions, which is often challenging due to its varied presentations and progression. However, adult-onset CRMO and exclusive spinal cases are extremely rare events, highlighting the importance of this case. Our case presents a 38-year-old female with chronic back pain for 6 months of postepidural anesthesia during a C-section. The pain was progressive, exacerbated by movement, and partially relieved by painkillers. The patient had tenderness on physical examination in the thoracolumbar region. MRI of the spine showed multiple endplate changes, and extensive laboratory tests and biopsy ruled out infectious cause and malignancy, leading to the diagnosis of CRMO. The connection between pain and epidural anesthesia was only an incidental finding. The patient was treated effectively with steroids and etanercept. CRMO is mainly a childhood disease, with adult cases being very rare. Isolated spinal involvement in CRMO is particularly rare and can make the diagnosis challenging. This case highlights that CRMO should be considered in adults with an atypical isolated spinal lesion. NSAIDs are the main treatment, with corticosteroids and TNF inhibitors used in unresponsive cases. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of CRMO's potential to present in adults with atypical isolated spinal lesions, which could lead to more timely and accurate diagnoses.