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The objective of this study was to assess volumetric and linear changes of buccal mucosal thickness at implant sites following soft tissue augmentation with a volume-stable collagen matrix (VCMX). Soft tissue augmentation using a VCMX was performed in 12 patients at the time of implant placement. Hydrocolloid impressions were taken prior to surgery and at 1 and 6 months postsurgery. Stone cast models were scanned, and stereolithography (STL) files from the three time points were uploaded to an image-analysis software. At all time points, linear and volumetric measurements of the contour changes up to 3 mm apical to the mucosal margin were performed and were analyzed statistically. At 1 mm apical to the mucosal margin, the change in soft tissue thickness between presurgery (T1) and 1 month (T2) amounted to 0.21 ± 1.22 mm, and the change between T1 and 6 months (T3) was 0.08 ± 1.47 mm. At 3 mm apical to the mucosal margin, the change in soft tissue thickness was 1.92 ± 1.70 mm between T1 and T2 and 0.31 ± 1.26 mm between T1 and T3. Contour (volumetric) changes revealed an increase of 0.58 ± 0.73 mm between T1 and T2 and an overall gain of 0.55 ± 0.73 mm between T1 and T3. Soft tissue augmentation with VCMX increased the ridge profile. The increase in ridge width was greater at 3 mm below the ridge crest than at 1 mm below the ridge crest. Remodeling processes during healing showed a decrease in the ridge contour between 1 and 6 months.

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To evaluate the efficacy of autogenous particulate dentin as a bone substitute to maintain dimensional volume in human socket preservation procedures.Particulate dentin was used in socket site preservation procedures. The extracted natural tooth was ground to particles 250 to 1,200 μm in size to fill the socket site. At 6 months, during the implant placement stage, hard tissue biopsy specimens were harvested by a 2.5-mm cylindrical trephine bur for the histologic analysis. Histomorphometry was carried out with ImageJ software to calculate direct bone to grafted dentin particles contact, newly formed bone, and particulate dentin area fractions.Fifteen patients went through the socket preservation procedure using particulate dentin as the grafted bone substitute. De novo bone formation filled the entire grafted area. Newly formed bone was observed throughout the entire grafted area, particularly around the grafted dentin particles. The majority of particles were surrounded by direct contact with newly formed osseous tissue enriched by osteocytes. Newly formed bone ankylosed to particulate dentin and became a solid matrix preserving the ridge dimension. Histomorphometric measurements showed that the new bone formation area fraction was on average 38.4% ± 16.5%, while the residual particulate dentin showed an average of 29.9% ± 14.4%, and 31.7% ± 14.2% was captured by the connective tissue component. Particulate dentin was in direct contact with newly formed bone at an average rate of 69.1% ± 22.8%.Particulate dentin showed complete biocompatibility and high osteoconduction. Thus, it can be used as an appropriate grafting biomaterial to maintain socket site volume dimensionally for subsequent implant placement procedures.

This study aims to examine the composition of lining and masticatory mucosa at the pre- and post-soft tissue augmentation procedures with a volume-stable cross-linking collagen matrix (VCMX) in humans. In 12 patients, single implant sites were augmented with a VCMX. Biopsies were obtained including masticatory (MM) and lining (LM) mucosa before augmentation and at 12 weeks post-augmentation procedures. Rete pegs density (RPD), length (RPL), and blood vessel density (BVD) were histomorphometrically analyzed at both time points. Picrosirius red staining under polarized light microscopy was used to evaluate collagen fiber organization. The effects of time and tissue type were evaluated by ANOVA with repeated measures. Both MM and LM areas demonstrated an increase in mean RPL following augmentation, 382.6 µm ± 95.1 vs. 290.5 µm ± 79.3 and 335.6 µm ± 94.2 vs. 292.9 µm ± 77.0, respectively (p

A developmental groove occasionally present on the palatel surface of maxillary incisors; may be deep enough to communicate with the pulp, causing pulp necrosis due to the invasion of bacteria; may contribute to isolated periodontal defects due to loss of attachment in the area. A brief review and a case presented in this paper.