564 results on '"Urek, Gregor"'
Search Results
2. Evaluation of insect associated and plant growth promoting fungi in the control of cabbage root flies
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Razinger, Jaka, Lutz, Matthias, Schroers, Hans-Josef, Urek, Gregor, Grunder, Jürg, Razinger, Jaka, Lutz, Matthias, Schroers, Hans-Josef, Urek, Gregor, and Grunder, Jürg
- Abstract
Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), Delia radicum L. or cabbage maggot is an important pest for Brassicaceous crops. There are currently no registered chemical control agents for its control in Slovenia. Fungal control agents for cabbage maggot were therefore sought among nine rhizosphere-compatible and plant growth-promoting, soil-adapted, and entomopathogenic species to cabbage maggots and were assayed in in vitro and soil laboratory bioassays. In the in vitro tests, the conidial suspensions were applied directly to cabbage maggot eggs. The soil tests mimicked pathways of natural exposure of various insect life stages to the fungal strains. Conidial concentrations used in soil tests were comparable to economic rates for in-furrow application. The following fungi were tested: Trichoderma atroviride P. Karst. (2 isolates), Trichoderma koningiopsis Samuels, C. Suárez & H.C. Evans (1), Trichoderma gamsii Samuels & Druzhin. (3), Beauveria brongniartii (Saccardo) Petch (1), Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (2), Metarhizium robertsii J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber (1), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (4), Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson (2), and Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (J.F.H. Beyma) Schroers (2). Abbott’s corrected mortality in the in vitro tests ranged from 0.0 ± 18.9 to 47.6 ± 9.0% and in the soil test from 2.4 ± 13.0 to 68.2 ± 21.5%. Seven isolates (B. bassiana [isolate 1174], C. solani [1828], M. anisopliae [1154 and 1868], T. atroviride [1872], T. koningiopsis [1874], and T. gamsii [1876]) caused significant cabbage maggot mortality in either in vitro or soil tests. The importance of fungal ecology as a criterion during the screening of potential biological control agents is discussed.
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- 2024
3. Noninvasive detection of plant parasitic nematodes using hyperspectral and other remote sensing systems
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Žibrat, Uroš, primary, Širca, Saša, additional, Susič, Nik, additional, Knapič, Matej, additional, Gerič Stare, Barbara, additional, and Urek, Gregor, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. List of contributors
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Anand, Akash, primary, Andronis, V., additional, Arellano, Paul, additional, Bachari, Nour-El-Islam, additional, Balzter, Heiko, additional, Bao, Yangson, additional, Bayona, Oswaldo, additional, Benediktsson, Jon Atli, additional, Berrío, Juan Carlos, additional, Bhattacharya, Bimal, additional, Brewer, Paul A., additional, Cevallos-Cevallos, Juan, additional, Chander, Shard, additional, Criollo, Ronald, additional, Deborah, Hilda, additional, Deng, Khidir Abdala Kwal, additional, Garg, P.K., additional, Gerič Stare, Barbara, additional, Głomb, Przemysław, additional, Guha, Arindam, additional, Gujrati, Ashwin, additional, Gupta, Ayushi, additional, Hardeberg, Jon Yngve, additional, Hashim, Mazlan, additional, Hassan, Noordyana, additional, Karathanassi, V., additional, Kiran, G. Sandhya, additional, Knapič, Matej, additional, Koloniatis, K., additional, Kong, Bo, additional, Koutsias, Nikos, additional, Krishna, Aswathy V., additional, Lamine, Salim, additional, Liao, Wenzhi, additional, Liu, Xian, additional, Liu, Xiangmeng, additional, Macklin, Mark G., additional, Malhi, Ramandeep Kaur M., additional, Manevski, Kiril, additional, Mishra, Manoj K., additional, Mutanga, Onisimo, additional, Naicker, Rowan, additional, Naik, Rajashree, additional, Numata, Shinya, additional, Ochoa, Daniel, additional, Onyia, Nkeiruka N., additional, Pal, Mahesh, additional, Pandey, Manish Kumar, additional, Pandey, Prem Chandra, additional, Pavlides, Andrew, additional, Peerbhay, Kabir, additional, Petropoulos, George P., additional, Richard, Noël, additional, Romaszewski, Michał, additional, Sahay, Arvind, additional, Sharma, L.K., additional, Sibanda, Mbulisi, additional, Singh, Prachi, additional, Singh, R.P., additional, Širca, Saša, additional, Srivastava, Prashant K., additional, Stratoulias, Dimitris, additional, Susič, Nik, additional, Tarmidi, Mohamad Zakri, additional, Toulios, Leonidas, additional, Urek, Gregor, additional, Wang, Qing, additional, Yu, Huan, additional, and Žibrat, Uroš, additional
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- 2020
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5. Recognition of species belonging to Meloidogyne ethiopica group and development of a diagnostic method for its detection
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Gerič Stare, Barbara, Aydınlı, Gökhan, Devran, Zübeyir, Mennan, Sevilhan, Strajnar, Polona, Urek, Gregor, and Širca, Saša
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- 2019
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6. Diagnosis of Plant Pathogens and Implications for Plant Quarantine: A Risk Assessment Perspective
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Rossi, Vittorio, Candresse, Thierry, Jeger, Michael J., Manceau, Charles, Urek, Gregor, Stancanelli, Giuseppe, Gullino, Maria Lodovica, Series editor, and Bonants, Peter J. M., editor
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- 2014
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7. Commodity risk assessment of Prunus persica and P. dulcis plants from Türkiye
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Bragard, Claude, Baptista, Paula, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Gonthier, Paolo, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, Macleod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas-Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Civera, Antonio Vicent, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Bernardo, Umberto, Bubici, Giovanni, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Di Serio, Francesco, Fanelli, Elena, Kaczmarek, Agata, Marzachì, Cristina, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, and Yuen, Jonathan
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Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,quarantine ,Plant Science ,rootstock ,Peach ,Microbiology ,almond ,pathway risk assessment ,plant pest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,European Union ,plant health ,Food Science - Published
- 2023
8. Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from United Kingdom
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Bragard, Claude, Baptista, Paula, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Gonthier, Paolo, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, Macleod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas-Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Civera, Antonio Vicent, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Bernardo, Umberto, Bubici, Giovanni, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Di Serio, Francesco, Fanelli, Elena, Marzachì, Cristina, Kaczmarek, Agata, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, and Yuen, Jonathan
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pathway risk assessment ,plant pest ,quarantine ,apple ,European Union ,plant health - Published
- 2023
9. Isolation of non-pathogenic Agrobacterium spp. biovar 1 from agricultural soils in Slovenia
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LAMOVŠEK, Janja, GERIC STARE, Barbara, and UREK, Gregor
- Published
- 2014
10. Commodity risk assessment of Prunus domestica plants from Ukraine
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Bragard, Claude, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Baptista, Paula, Gonthier, Paolo, Jacques, Marie-Agnès, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, Macleod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas-Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe L, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Vicent, Antonio, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Bernardo, Umberto, Bubici, Giovanni, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Di Serio, Francesco, Fanelli, Elena, Marzachì, Cristina, Gardi, Ciro, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, de la Peña, Eduardo, and Yuen, Jonathan
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Plum ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,quarantine ,Plant Science ,rootstock ,Microbiology ,pathway risk assessment ,plant pest ,European Union ,plant health ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Food Science - Published
- 2022
11. Commodity risk assessment of grafted plants of Malus domestica from Moldova
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Bragard, Claude, Baptista, Paula, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Gonthier, Paolo, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Fejer Justesen, Annemarie, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Vicent Civera, Antonio, Zappalà, Lucia, Di Serio, Francesco, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Lucchi, Andrea, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Fanelli, Elena, Bernardo, Umberto, Marzachì, Cristina, Bubici, Giovanni, de la Peña, Eduardo, Gardi, Ciro, Yuen, Jonathan, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Bragard, Claude, Baptista, Paula, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Gonthier, Paolo, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Fejer Justesen, Annemarie, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Vicent Civera, Antonio, Zappalà, Lucia, Di Serio, Francesco, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Lucchi, Andrea, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Fanelli, Elena, Bernardo, Umberto, Marzachì, Cristina, Bubici, Giovanni, de la Peña, Eduardo, Gardi, Ciro, and Yuen, Jonathan
- Abstract
The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects’. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by defoliated and in dormant phase, grafted bare rooted plants for planting of Malus domestica imported from Moldova, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by the applicant country. A list of 1,118 pests potentially associated with the commodity species was compiled. The relevance of these pests was assessed following defined criteria and based on evidence. The EU-quarantine pest Xiphinema rivesi non-EU populations fulfilled these criteria and was selected for further evaluation. For this pest, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Moldova were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For this pest, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on it, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9,991 and 10,000 plants per 10,000 would be free of X. rivesi.
- Published
- 2022
12. Commodity risk assessment of Prunus domestica plants from Ukraine
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Bragard, Claude, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Baptista, Paula, Gonthier, Paolo, Jacques, Marie‐Agnès, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe L, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Vicent, Antonio, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Bernardo, Umberto, Bubici, Giovanni, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Di Serio, Francesco, Fanelli, Elena, Marzachì, Cristina, Gardi, Ciro, Mosbach‐Schulz, Olaf, de la Peña, Eduardo, Yuen, Jonathan, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Bragard, Claude, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Baptista, Paula, Gonthier, Paolo, Jacques, Marie‐Agnès, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe L, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Vicent, Antonio, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Bernardo, Umberto, Bubici, Giovanni, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Di Serio, Francesco, Fanelli, Elena, Marzachì, Cristina, Gardi, Ciro, Mosbach‐Schulz, Olaf, de la Peña, Eduardo, and Yuen, Jonathan
- Abstract
The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects’. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by plants of Prunus domestica grafted on Prunus cerasifera imported from Ukraine, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Ukraine. All pests associated with the commodity were evaluated against specific criteria for their relevance for this opinion. One quarantine pest (Lopholeucaspis japonica), two protected zone quarantine pests (Erwinia amylovora and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) and one non-regulated pest (Eotetranychus prunicola) that fulfilled all relevant criteria were selected for further evaluation. For these four pests, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Ukraine were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For the selected pests, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni being the pest most frequently expected on the imported plants. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated with 95% certainty that between 9,870 and 10,000 bundles (consisting of 10 plants each) per 10,000 would be free from Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni.
- Published
- 2022
13. Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Turkey
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Bragard, Claude, Baptista, Paula, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Gonthier, Paolo, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Civera, Antonio Vicent, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Bernardo, Umberto, Bubici, Giovanni, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Di Serio, Francesco, Fanelli, Elena, Gardi, Ciro, Marzachì, Cristina, Mosbach‐Schulz, Olaf, Yuen, Jonathan, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Bragard, Claude, Baptista, Paula, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Gonthier, Paolo, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Civera, Antonio Vicent, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Bernardo, Umberto, Bubici, Giovanni, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Di Serio, Francesco, Fanelli, Elena, Gardi, Ciro, Marzachì, Cristina, Mosbach‐Schulz, Olaf, and Yuen, Jonathan
- Abstract
The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects’. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by dormant grafted plants, rootstocks, budwood and scions of Malus domestica imported from Turkey, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Turkey. All pests associated with the commodities were evaluated against specific criteria for their relevance for this opinion. Three quarantine pests (Anoplophora chinensis, Lopholeucaspis japonica and tomato ringspot virus), one protected zone quarantine pest (Erwinia amylovora) and eight non-regulated pests (Calepitrimerus baileyi, Cenopalpus irani, Cicadatra persica, Diplodia bulgarica, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Malacosoma parallela, Pratylenchus loosi and Pyrolachnus pyri) that fulfilled all relevant criteria were selected for further evaluation. For E. amylovora, special requirements are specified in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Based on the information provided in the dossier, the specific requirements for E. amylovora were not met. For Anoplophora chinensis, special measures are specified in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2012/138. The exporting country does meet the requirement for a certificate regarding plants for planting that originate from Turkish provinces other than Istanbul. For the 10 remaining selected pests, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Turkey were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For the selected pests an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with D. bulg
- Published
- 2022
14. Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Turkey
- Author
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Bragard, Claude, Baptista, Paula, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Gonthier, Paolo, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Stefani, Emilio, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Civera, Antonio Vicent, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, Urek, Gregor, Bernardo, Umberto, Bubici, Giovanni, Carluccio, Anna Vittoria, Chiumenti, Michela, Di Serio, Francesco, Fanelli, Elena, Gardi, Ciro, Marzachì, Cristina, Mosbach‐Schulz, Olaf, Yuen, Jonathan, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology
- Subjects
Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Apple ,quarantine ,Plant Science ,Microbiology ,pathway risk assessment ,plant pest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,European Union ,plant health ,Food Science - Abstract
The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects’. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by dormant grafted plants, rootstocks, budwood and scions of Malus domestica imported from Turkey, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Turkey. All pests associated with the commodities were evaluated against specific criteria for their relevance for this opinion. Three quarantine pests (Anoplophora chinensis, Lopholeucaspis japonica and tomato ringspot virus), one protected zone quarantine pest (Erwinia amylovora) and eight non-regulated pests (Calepitrimerus baileyi, Cenopalpus irani, Cicadatra persica, Diplodia bulgarica, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Malacosoma parallela, Pratylenchus loosi and Pyrolachnus pyri) that fulfilled all relevant criteria were selected for further evaluation. For E. amylovora, special requirements are specified in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Based on the information provided in the dossier, the specific requirements for E. amylovora were not met. For Anoplophora chinensis, special measures are specified in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2012/138. The exporting country does meet the requirement for a certificate regarding plants for planting that originate from Turkish provinces other than Istanbul. For the 10 remaining selected pests, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Turkey were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For the selected pests an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with D. bulgarica being the pest most frequently expected on the imported plants. The expert knowledge elicitation indicated with 95% certainty that between 9,863 and 10,000 bundles (consisting of 10 or 25 plants each) per 10,000 would be free from D. bulgarica.
- Published
- 2022
15. PCR-RFLP diagnostic method for identifying Globodera species in Slovenia
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ŠIRCA, Saša, STARE, Barbara GERIC, STRAJNAR, Polona, and UREK, Gregor
- Published
- 2010
16. Plant Diseases and Food Security in the 21st Century: Quantitative Assessment of Consequences of Quarantine Plant Pathogen Introductions: From Crop Losses to Environmental Impact
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Jeger, Michael, Stancanelli, Giuseppe, Gilioli, Gianni, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Rossi, Vittorio, Van der Werf, Wopke, MacLeod, Alan, Schrader, Gritta, Vos, Sybren, Kozelska, Svetla, Gardi, Ciro, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Jeger, Michael, Stancanelli, Giuseppe, Gilioli, Gianni, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Rossi, Vittorio, Van der Werf, Wopke, MacLeod, Alan, Schrader, Gritta, Vos, Sybren, Kozelska, Svetla, Gardi, Ciro, and Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published, 1
- Published
- 2021
17. Effect of Meloidogyne ethiopica parasitism on water management and physiological stress in tomato
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Strajnar, Polona, Širca, Saša, Urek, Gregor, Šircelj, Helena, Železnik, Peter, and Vodnik, Dominik
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- 2012
- Full Text
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18. Borova ogorčica, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer, 1934) Nickle, 1970 - nova nevarnost za slovenske gozdove?
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Jurc, Maja, Urek, Gregor, Širca, Saša, Mikulič, Vid, and Glavan, Branko
- Subjects
fitosanitarno tveganje ,borova ogorčica ,iglavci ,udc:595.13:582.47(497.12)(045) ,nematode ,Slovenia ,coniferous trees ,pine wood nematode ,phytosanitary risks ,bionomija ,Slovenija ,bionomy - Abstract
V prispevku obravnavamo borovo ogorčico (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), ki je v Evropi (tudi v Sloveniji) uvrščena na karantensko listo A1. Vrsta je izredno napadalna, povzroča hitro propadanje iglavcev - predvsem vrst rodu Pinus, redko Picea, Abies in Larix. Prikazan je njen areal, ekološke zahteve, gostitelji, bionomija ter simptomi napada na borih. V okviru bionomije borove ogorčice so posebej predstavljeni njeni potrjeni vektorji (Insecta: Cerambycidae - rod Monochamus) in tudi njeni potencialni vektorji (Insecta: Curculionidae - rod Pissodes in Scolytidae). Podajamo razširjenost potencialnih gostiteljskih rastlin borove ogorčice pri nas, podnebne razmere ter kritične točke za vnos in širjenje škodljivca. Ocenjujemo stopnjo fitosanitarnega tveganja pojava borove ogorčice v Sloveniji. The present paper deals with the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), which has been placed on the A1 quarantine list in both Europe and Slovenia. The species is extremely offensive, causing fast-paced deterioration in conifers, particularly in those of the Pinus genus and more rarely in those of the Picea, Abies, and Larix genera. The areal, ecological demands, hosts, ecology, and the symptoms of attack on pines of the pine wood nematode are shown. The confirmed vectors (Insecta: Cerambycidae - genus Monochamus) and potential vectors (Insecta: Curculionidae - genus Pissodes andScolytidae) of the pine wood nematode are presented within the framework ofits ecology. The range of potential host plants of the pine wood nematode inSlovenia, climatic conditions, and critical points for the entry and spread of pests are also given. The level of phytosanitary risk presented by the appearance of the pine wood nematode in Slovenia is also evaluated.
- Published
- 2020
19. Molecular Variability and Evolution of the Pectate Lyase (pel-2) Parasitism Gene in Cyst Nematodes Parasitizing Different Solanaceous Plants
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Geric Stare, Barbara, Fouville, Didier, Širca, Saša, Gallot, Aurore, Urek, Gregor, and Grenier, Eric
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- 2011
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20. Effect of Slovenian climatic conditions on the development and survival of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica
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Strajnar, Polona, Širca, Saša, Knapič, Matej, and Urek, Gregor
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- 2011
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21. Biological, serological and molecular characterisation of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus from grapevine and its detection in the nematode Longidorus juvenilis
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Mavrič Pleško, Irena, Viršček Marn, Mojca, Širca, Saša, and Urek, Gregor
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- 2009
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22. 18 - Noninvasive detection of plant parasitic nematodes using hyperspectral and other remote sensing systems
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Žibrat, Uroš, Širca, Saša, Susič, Nik, Knapič, Matej, Gerič Stare, Barbara, and Urek, Gregor
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne luci
- Author
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Susič, Nik, Susič, Nik, Koutsovoulos, Georgios D., Riccio, Cristian, Danchin, Etienne G. J., Blaxter, Mark L., Lunt, David H., Strajnar, Polona, Širca, Saša, Urek, Gregor, Stare, Barbara Gerič, Susič, Nik, Susič, Nik, Koutsovoulos, Georgios D., Riccio, Cristian, Danchin, Etienne G. J., Blaxter, Mark L., Lunt, David H., Strajnar, Polona, Širca, Saša, Urek, Gregor, and Stare, Barbara Gerič
- Published
- 2020
24. Senecio vulgaris L. recorded as a new host plant for the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne luci
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SUSIČ, Nik, primary, ŠIRCA, Saša, additional, UREK, Gregor, additional, and GERIČ STARE, Barbara, additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
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25. Genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne luci
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Susič, Nik, primary, Koutsovoulos, Georgios D., additional, Riccio, Cristian, additional, Danchin, Etienne G. J., additional, Blaxter, Mark L., additional, Lunt, David H., additional, Strajnar, Polona, additional, Širca, Saša, additional, Urek, Gregor, additional, and Stare, Barbara Gerič, additional
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- 2020
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26. Plant pests and disease detection using optical sensors / Daljinsko zaznavanje rastlinskih bolezni in škodljivcev
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Žibrat, Uroš, primary, Knapič, Matej, additional, and Urek, Gregor, additional
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- 2019
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27. Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Ukraine.
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Bragard, Claude, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Gonthier, Paolo, Jacques, Marie-Agnès, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas-Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, der Werf, Wopke Van, Civera, Antonio Vicent, Zappalà, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, Gómez, Pedro, and Urek, Gregor
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PLANTS ,ERWINIA amylovora ,RISK assessment ,PLANT products ,GROUND cover plants - Abstract
The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects’). This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by 1- to 3-year-old dormant grafted plants and rootstocks of Malus domestica imported from Ukraine, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Ukraine. All pests associated with the commodity were evaluated against specific criteria for their relevance for this opinion. Two quarantine pests (Lopholeucaspis japonica and Tobacco ringspot virus), one protected zone quarantine pest (Erwinia amylovora) and one non-regulated pest (Eotetranychus prunicola) that fulfilled all relevant criteria were selected for further evaluation. For Erwinia amylovora, for which special requirements are specified in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072, Annex X, item 9, the fulfilment of these requirements was evaluated. Based on the information provided in the dossier, the specific requirements for Erwinia amylovora were not met. For the three remaining selected pests, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Ukraine were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For the selected pests, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with Eotetranychus prunicola being the pest most frequently expected on the imported plants. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated with 95% certainty that between 9,912 and 10,000 bundles (consisting of 50 plants each) per 10,000 would be free from Eotetranychus prunicola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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28. Laboratory investigation of cauliflower–fungus–insect interactions for cabbage Maggot control
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Razinger, Jaka, Lutz, Matthias, Grunder, Jürg, Urek, Gregor, Razinger, Jaka, Lutz, Matthias, Grunder, Jürg, and Urek, Gregor
- Abstract
Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), The cabbage maggot (also known as cabbage root fly [CRF]; Delia radicum L.) is a serious pest of brassicas. The pest's soil-dwelling larvae are especially damaging to young brassica transplants. In light of toxic soil insecticide phase-out novel biocontrol management solutions are sought for. Our research is focused on the development of a biological control strategy involving cauliflower plantlet inoculation with insect pathogenic fungi. This article presents the results of a laboratory investigation of cauliflower × microbe × CRF interactions. Seven isolates of fungi (entomopathogenic and rhizosphere-competent fungi and soil saprotrophs) were tested for their pathogenicity to CRF and their effects on cauliflower plantlets. The laboratory experiments were performed in sterilized substrate. Several strains significantly increased CRF mortality, some at par with a commercial bioinsecticide based on B. bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). All strains colonized the rhizoplane, however to varying extent. Some isolates were also reisolated from within healthy plant tissues and thus identified as endophytes. The method of applying conidia had a significant effect on survival and weight of seedlings and rhizoplane and endophytic colonization rates. Two Metarhizium brunneum Petsch (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates exhibited plant growth promotion effects when ungerminated seeds were coated with conidia. The ecological implications of plant × microbe × pest interactions and options for improving the effectiveness of a fungal-based biological CRF management strategy are discussed.
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- 2019
29. Pest categorisation of Mycodiella laricis-leptolepidis
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Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, CHATZIVASSILIOU, ELISAVET, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Jaques , Josep A., MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, María, Niere, Björn, parnell, stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, van Bruggen, Ariena, van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Boberg, Johanna, Gonthier, Paolo, and Pautasso, Marco
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Plant pest ,Pest risk ,fungi ,Quarantine ,food and beverages ,European Union ,Plant health ,Tree health ,Forest pathology - Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) performed a pest categorisation of Mycodiella laricis-leptolepidis , a well-de fi ned and distinguishable fungal species of the family Mycosphaerellaceae. The former species name Mycosphaerella laricis-leptolepis is used in the Council Directive 2000/29/EC. The pathogen is regulated in Annex IAI as a harmful organism whose introduction into the EU is banned. M. laricis-leptolepidis is native to East Asia and causes a disease known as needle cast of Japanese larch ( Larix kaempferi = Larix leptolepis ) and Kurile larch ( Larix gmelinii ). European larch ( Larix decidua ) was found to be susceptible to the disease as introduced tree in Japan. The fungus could enter the EU via plants for planting and cut branches of Larix spp. It could establish in the EU, as hosts are present and climatic conditions are favourable. The pathogen would be able to spread following establishment by human movement of infected plants for planting and by dissemination of ascospores. Should the pathogen be introduced in the EU, impacts can be expected due to needle loss in larch forests and plantations, thus leading to reduced tree growth and ecosystem service provision. The use of resistant/tolerant varieties can reduce the impacts. The key uncertainties are the knowledge gaps concerning (i) the potential range of spread through ascospores and (ii) the level of impacts in the native range of the pathogen. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as a potential quarantine pest are met. For regulated non-quarantine pests, the criterion on the pest presence in the EU is not met.
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- 2018
30. Guidance on quantitative pest risk assessment
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Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Gregoire, Jean-Claude, Anton, Josep, Miret, Jaques, Macleod, Alan, Navarro, Maria Navajas, Niere, Bjorn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van Der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Hart, Andy, Schans, Jan, Schrader, Gritta, Suffert, Muriel, Kertesz, Virag, Kozelska, Svetla, Mannino, Maria Rosaria, Mosbach-Schulz, Olaf, Pautasso, Marco, Stancanelli, Giuseppe, Tramontini, Sara, Vos, Sybren, and Gilioli, Gianni
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0106 biological sciences ,Computer science ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Risk communication ,Expert knowledge elicitation ,risk communication ,Quantitative pest risk assessment ,expert knowledge elicitation ,TX341-641 ,uncertainty ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Weight of evidence ,model ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,Uncertainty ,risk reduction option ,15. Life on land ,Risk reduction option ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Guidance ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Pest risk assessment ,Commodity risk ,PEST analysis ,Expert judgement ,Settore AGR/12 - PATOLOGIA VEGETALE ,Knowledge elicitation ,guidance ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Food Science ,Sciences exactes et naturelles ,Model ,guidance, quantitative pest risk assessment, risk reduction option, model, uncertainty,risk communication, expert knowledge elicitation ,quantitative pest risk assessment - Abstract
This Guidance describes a two‐phase approach for a fit‐for‐purpose method for the assessment of plant pest risk in the territory of the EU. Phase one consists of pest categorisation to determine whether the pest has the characteristics of a quarantine pest or those of a regulated non‐quarantine pest for the area of the EU. Phase two consists of pest risk assessment, which may be requested by the risk managers following the pest categorisation results. This Guidance provides a template for pest categorisation and describes in detail the use of modelling and expert knowledge elicitation to conduct a pest risk assessment. The Guidance provides support and a framework for assessors to provide quantitative estimates, together with associated uncertainties, regarding the entry, establishment, spread and impact of plant pests in the EU. The Guidance allows the effectiveness of risk reducing options (RROs) to be quantitatively assessed as an integral part of the assessment framework. A list of RROs is provided. A two‐tiered approach is proposed for the use of expert knowledge elicitation and modelling. Depending on data and resources available and the needs of risk managers, pest entry, establishment, spread and impact steps may be assessed directly, using weight of evidence and quantitative expert judgement (first tier), or they may be elaborated in substeps using quantitative models (second tier). An example of an application of the first tier approach is provided. Guidance is provided on how to derive models of appropriate complexity to conduct a second tier assessment. Each assessment is operationalised using Monte Carlo simulations that can compare scenarios for relevant factors, e.g. with or without RROs. This document provides guidance on how to compare scenarios to draw conclusions on the magnitude of pest risks and the effectiveness of RROs and on how to communicate assessment results., This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.EN-1440/full ‘This guidance supersedes: a) the entire Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options by EFSA. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1495; b) Sections 1.8 and 1.9 of Guidance on methodology for evaluation of the effectiveness of options for reducing the risk of introduction and spread of organisms harmful to plant health in the EU territory. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2755’
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- 2018
31. Pest categorisation of Scirtothrips citri
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Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐claude, Jaques, Miret, Josep, Anton, Navarro, Maria Navajas, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Gardi, Ciro, and Macleod, Alan
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0106 biological sciences ,Citrus thrips, citrus, blueberries, pest risk, plant health, plant pest, quarantine ,Citrus ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Distribution (economics) ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,Plant health ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,Citrus thrips ,Pest risk ,law ,Quarantine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,TX341-641 ,European union ,Phytosanitary certification ,media_common ,Plant pest ,Thrips ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Host (biology) ,business.industry ,Agroforestry ,Chemical technology ,Thripidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Blueberries ,010602 entomology ,Scientific Opinion ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,PEST analysis ,business ,Settore AGR/12 - PATOLOGIA VEGETALE ,Food Science - Abstract
The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), for the European Union (EU). This is a well-de fi ned and distinguishable species, occurring in North America and Asia. Its precise distribution in Asia is uncertain. S. citri is a pest of citrus and blueberries and has been cited on over 50 different host species in 33 plant families. Whether all plants reported as hosts are true hosts, allowing population development of S. citri , is uncertain. S. citri feeds exclusively on young actively growing foliage and fruit. It is not known to occur in the EU and is listed in Annex IIAI of 2000/29/EC as a harmful organism. The international trade of hosts, as either plants for planting or cut fl owers, provide potential pathways into the EU. However, current EU legislation prohibits the import of citrus plants for planting. Furthermore, measures aimed at the import of plants for planting in a dormant stage (no young foliage or fruits present) with no soil/growing medium attached, decreases the likelihood of the pest ’ s entry via other hosts. Considering that there are regional climatic similarities where S. citri occurs in the USA with climates in the EU, and taking EU host distribution into account, S. citri has the potential to establish in the EU, especially in citrus and blueberry growing regions around the Mediterranean where quality losses in citrus and yield losses in blueberry could occur. Phytosanitary measures are available to inhibit the likelihood of introduction of S. citri from infested countries. Considering the criteria within the remit of EFSA to assess its status as a potential Union quarantine pest (QP) or as a potential regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP), S. citri meets with no uncertainties the criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as a potential Union QP.
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- 2018
32. Pipeline for imaging, extraction, pre-processing, and processing of time-series hyperspectral data for discriminating drought stress origin in tomatoes
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Žibrat, Uroš, primary, Susič, Nik, additional, Knapič, Matej, additional, Širca, Saša, additional, Strajnar, Polona, additional, Razinger, Jaka, additional, Vončina, Andrej, additional, Urek, Gregor, additional, and Gerič Stare, Barbara, additional
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- 2019
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33. Discrimination between abiotic and biotic drought stress in tomatoes using hyperspectral imaging
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Susič, Nik, primary, Žibrat, Uroš, additional, Širca, Saša, additional, Strajnar, Polona, additional, Razinger, Jaka, additional, Knapič, Matej, additional, Vončina, Andrej, additional, Urek, Gregor, additional, and Gerič Stare, Barbara, additional
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- 2018
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34. Commodity risk assessment of Ullucus tuberosus tubers from Peru.
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Bragard, Claude, Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, Di Serio, Francesco, Gonthier, Paolo, Jacques, Marie-Agnès, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas-Cortes, Juan Antonio, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, der Werf, Wopke Van, Civera, Antonio Vicent, Zappal(a, Lucia, Lucchi, Andrea, and Urek, Gregor
- Subjects
POTATO virus X ,TUBERS ,RISK assessment ,PLANT products ,APPLE orchards ,GROUND cover plants - Abstract
The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by tubers of Ullucus tuberosus imported from Peru, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Peru. The relevance of an EU quarantine pest for this opinion was based on evidence that: (i) the pest is present in Peru, (ii) U. tuberosus is a host of the pest and (iii) the pest can be associated with the commodity. The relevance of any other pest, not regulated in the EU, was based on evidence that: (i) the pest is present in Peru (ii) the pest is absent in the EU; (iii) U. tuberosus is a host of the pest; (iv) the pest can be associated with the commodity and (v) the pest may have an impact and can pose a potential risk for the EU territory. There are five pests i.e. one insect (Amathynetoides nitidiventris), two nematodes (Atalodera andina and Nacobbus aberrans) and two viruses (the Andean potato latent virus (APLV) and the potato virus T (PVT)) that fulfilled all relevant criteria were selected for further evaluation. For the five pests, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Peru were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For each of the five pests, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies among the pests evaluated, with PVT being the pest most frequently expected on the imported commodities. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9,157 and 10,000 tubers out of 10,000 would be free of PVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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35. Pest categorisation of Sphaerulina musiva
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navarro, Maria Navajas, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Boberg, Johanna, Gonthier, Paolo, Pautasso, Marco, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navarro, Maria Navajas, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Boberg, Johanna, Gonthier, Paolo, and Pautasso, Marco
- Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Sphaerulina musiva, a well‐defined and distinguishable fungal species of the family Mycosphaerellaceae. Following a recent phylogenetic analysis of the genus Septoria and other closely related genera, a new name (S. musiva) was introduced for the species. The former species name Mycosphaerella populorum is used in the Council Directive 2000/29/EC. The pathogen is regulated in Annex IAI as a harmful organism whose introduction into the EU is banned. S. musiva is reported from North and South America and not known to occur in the EU. S. musiva causes Septoria leaf spots and cankers of poplar (Populus spp.). Of the poplars native to Europe, Populus nigra is reported as susceptible and Populus tremula as susceptible when planted in North America. The hybrid Populus x canadensis (arising from a cross of P. nigra and the North American Populus deltoides), widely grown in the EU, is also susceptible. The pest could enter the EU on plants for planting, cut branches, isolated bark and wood with and without bark. S. musiva could establish in the EU, as hosts are common and favourable climatic conditions are widespread, and could spread following establishment by natural dispersal and movement of infected plants for planting, cut branches, isolated bark and wood with or without bark. The pest introduction would have impacts in woodlands, plantations and nurseries. The pathogen is considered the most serious disease affecting hybrid poplar production in North America. Selection, breeding and planting of resistant species and clones are the main methods used to control the damage caused by the pathogen. There is some uncertainty on the geographical distribution of the pest in the Caucasus, the Crimean Peninsula and South America and on the level of susceptibility among Populus species native to Europe as well as Salix spp. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consid
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- 2018
36. Pest categorisation of Tecia solanivora
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Gardi, Ciro, Bergeretti, Filippo, MacLeod, Alan, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Gardi, Ciro, Bergeretti, Filippo, and MacLeod, Alan
- Abstract
The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Tecia solanivora (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) the Guatemalan potato tuber moth, for the EU. T. solanivora is a well‐defined species which feeds exclusively on Solanum tuberosum. It was first described from Costa Rica in 1973 and has spread through Central America and into northern South America via trade of seed potatoes. It has also spread to Mexico and the Canary Islands and most recently to mainland Spain where it is under official control in Galicia and Asturias. Potatoes in the field and storage can be attacked. Some authors regard T. solanivora as the most important insect pest of potatoes globally. T. solanivora is currently regulated by Council Directive 2000/29/EC, listed in Annex II/AI as Scrobipalpopsis solanivora. Larvae feed and develop within potato tubers; infested tubers therefore provide a pathway for pest introduction and spread, as does the soil accompanying potato tubers if it is infested with eggs or pupae. As evidenced by the ongoing outbreaks in Spain, the EU has suitable conditions for the development and potential establishment of T. solanivora. The pest could spread within the EU via movement of infested tubers; adults can fly and disperse locally. Larval feeding destroys tubers in the field and in storage. In the warmer southern EU, where the development would be fastest, yield losses would be expected in potatoes. Measures are available to inhibit entry via traded commodities (e.g. prohibition on the introduction of S. tuberosum). T. solanivora satisfies all of the criteria assessed by EFSA to satisfy the definition of a Union quarantine pest. It does not satisfy EU regulated non‐quarantine pest (RNQP) status because it is under official control. There are uncertainties over the effectiveness of preventing illegal imports via passenger baggage and the magnitude of potential impacts in the cool EU climate.
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- 2018
37. Pest categorisation of Listronotus bonariensis
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Navarro, Maria Navajas, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Gardi, Ciro, Bergeretti, Filippo, MacLeod, Alan, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Navarro, Maria Navajas, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Gardi, Ciro, Bergeretti, Filippo, and MacLeod, Alan
- Abstract
The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the Argentine stem weevil, for the EU. L. bonariensis is a well‐defined species, recognised as a serious pest of pasture grasses, especially Lolium spp. and Poa annua, in New Zealand, and a rare pest of cereals in Argentina, Brazil and New Zealand. Larvae feed within the tillers and stems of grasses; adults can cut emerging cotyledons although they usually graze on leaves. Larval damage is most serious. Larval feeding causes a reduction in pasture quality that impacts on the production of grazing animals. L. bonariensis is not known to occur in the EU and is listed in Annex IIAI of Council Directive 2000/29/EC. L. bonariensis established in New Zealand via imported grass seeds and has been intercepted on grass seeds entering the EU. Considering the climatic similarities of the regions where the pest occurs and the very great extent to which hosts are grown across the EU, L. bonariensis has the potential to establish within the EU with two or three generations possible per year. Impacts could occur in grassland pastures and perhaps occasionally in cereals. In New Zealand, endophytic fungi occurring on potential hosts deter L. bonariensis from ovipositing on leaves and are toxic to larvae. Whether endophytic fungi on grasses in Europe could provide some resistance to L. bonariensis is uncertain. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of introduction of this weevil. L. bonariensis fits all of the criteria assessed by EFSA to satisfy the definition of a Union quarantine pest. L. bonariensis does not meet the criterion of occurring in the EU territory for it to be regarded as a Union regulated non‐quarantine pest.
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- 2018
38. Direct plantlet inoculation with soil or insect-associated fungi may control cabbage root fly maggots
- Author
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Razinger, Jaka, Lutz, Matthias, Schroers, Hans-Josef, Palmisano, Marilena, Wohler, Christian, Urek, Gregor, Grunder, Jürg, Razinger, Jaka, Lutz, Matthias, Schroers, Hans-Josef, Palmisano, Marilena, Wohler, Christian, Urek, Gregor, and Grunder, Jürg
- Abstract
A potential Delia radicum biological control strategy involving cauliflower plantlet inoculation with various fungi was investigated in a series of laboratory and glasshouse experiments. In addition to entomopathogenic fungi, fungi with a high rhizosphere competence and fungi with the ability to survive as saprotrophs in soil were tested. The following fungal species were evaluated in the experiments: Trichoderma atroviride, T. koningiopsis, T. gamsii, Beauveria bassiana, Metharhizium anisopliae, M. brunneum and Clonostachys solani. A commercial carbosulfan-based insecticide was used as a positive control. Additionally, two commercial products, one based on B. bassiana (Naturalis) and one on Bacillus thuringiensis (Delfin) were used as reference biocontrol agents. The aims were (i) to assess the pathogenicity of the selected fungal isolates to Delia radicum, (ii) to evaluate the fungal isolates’ rhizosphere competence, with the emphasis on the persistence of the original inoculum on the growing roots, (iii) to assess possible endophytic plant tissue colonization, and (iv) to evaluate potential plant growth stimulating effects of the added inoculi. Significant pathogenicity of tested fungi against Delia radicum was confirmed in in vitro and glasshouse experiments. All tested fungi persisted on cauliflower rhizoplane. More importantly, the added fungi were found on thoroughly washed roots outside the original point of inoculation. This provided us with evidence that our tested fungi could be transferred via or grow with the elongating roots. In addition to colonizing the rhizoplane, some fungi were found inside the plant root or stem tissue, thus exhibiting endophytic characteristics. The importance of fungal ecology as a criterion in appropriate biological control agent selection is discussed.
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- 2018
39. Pest categorisation of Dendrolimus sibiricus
- Author
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Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Kirichenko, Natalia, Kertész, Virág, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Kirichenko, Natalia, Kertész, Virág, and Grégoire, Jean-Claude
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2018
40. Pest categorisation of the Gonipterus scutellatus species complex
- Author
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Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Santolamazza‐Carbone, Serena, Kertész, Virág, Aukhojee, Mitesha, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Santolamazza‐Carbone, Serena, Kertész, Virág, Aukhojee, Mitesha, and Grégoire, Jean-Claude
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2018
41. Updated pest categorisation of Xylella fastidiosa
- Author
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Jeger, Michael, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Almeida, Rodrigo, Bosco, D, Jacques, Marie‐Agnès, Landa, Blanca, Purcell, Alexander, Saponari, Maria, Czwienczek, Ewelina, Delbianco, Alice, Stancanelli, Giuseppe, Bragard, Claude, Jeger, Michael, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Almeida, Rodrigo, Bosco, D, Jacques, Marie‐Agnès, Landa, Blanca, Purcell, Alexander, Saponari, Maria, Czwienczek, Ewelina, Delbianco, Alice, Stancanelli, Giuseppe, and Bragard, Claude
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2018
42. Pest categorisation of Aschistonyx eppoi
- Author
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Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Kertész, Virág, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Kertész, Virág, and Grégoire, Jean-Claude
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2018
43. Pest categorisation of non‐EU Pissodes spp.
- Author
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Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Kenis, Marc, Kertész, Virág, Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel P J, Rafoss, Trond, Rossi, Vittorio, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Kenis, Marc, Kertész, Virág, and Grégoire, Jean-Claude
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2018
44. Temeljna načela dobre kmetijske prakse varstva rastlin in varne rabe fitofarmacevtskih sredstev
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Urek, Gregor, Bolčič Tavčar, Mateja, Fras, Renata, Jejčič, Viktor, Per, Matejka, Persolja, Jolanda, Šarc, Lucija, Urbančič Zemljič, Meta, and Žerjav, Metka
- Subjects
varstvo okolja ,zakonodaja ,postopki ,varnost pri delu ,bolezni ,škodljivci ,udc:631.147:632(082) ,naprave ,integrirano varstvo rastlin ,zaščita rastlin - Published
- 2017
45. Dovzetnost bub plodove vinske mušice ( Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931)) za okužbo z entomopatogenimi glivami
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Fink, Katja, Kerin, Ana, Modic, Špela, Razinger, Jaka, and Urek, Gregor
- Published
- 2017
46. Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Serbia.
- Author
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Bragard, Claude, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Di Serio, Francesco, Gonthier, Paolo, Jacques, Marie‐Agnès, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, MacLeod, Alan, Magnusson, Christer Sven, Milonas, Panagiotis, Navas‐Cortes, Juan A, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Reignault, Philippe Lucien, Thulke, Hans‐Hermann, Van der Werf, Wopke, Civera, Antonio Vicent, Zappalà, Lucia, Urek, Gregor, and Gómez, Pedro
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,PLANT products ,ERWINIA amylovora ,GROUND cover plants ,PLANT protection - Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Plant health was requested to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in the relevant Implementing Acts as 'High risk plants, plant products and other objects' (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 establishing a provisional list of high‐risk plants, plant products or other objects, within the meaning of Article 42 of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031). The current scientific opinion covers all plant health risks posed by dormant bare rooted plants for planting of Malus domestica (1–2 years old) imported from Serbia, considering the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by the Plant Protection Directorate from Serbia on 27 December 2019. The relevance of an EU‐quarantine pest for this opinion was based on evidence that: (a) the pest is present in Serbia; (b) the pest uses M. domestica as a host; (c) one or more life stages of the pest can be associated with the specified commodity. The relevance for this opinion of pests not regulated in the EU was based on the following criteria: (i) the pest is present in Serbia; (ii) the pest is not present in the EU; (iii) M. domestica is a host of the pest; (iv) the pest can be associated with the commodity and (v) the pest may have an impact and can pose potential risk for the EU territory. After the assessment of 1191 potential pests, one bacterium, Erwinia amylovora, fulfilled all criteria and accordingly, was selected for further evaluation. For this bacterium, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier were evaluated. Limiting factors on the effectiveness of the measures were also considered. For the selected species, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on E. amylovora, including any uncertainties. Based on the outcomes of an Expert Knowledge Elicitation, the Panel is considering a pallet as a unit; and taking into account the uncertainties associated with the assessment, the panel is 95% sure that 9,934 or more pallets out of 10,000 will be pest free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Laboratory Investigation of Cauliflower–Fungus–Insect Interactions for Cabbage Maggot Control
- Author
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Razinger, Jaka, primary, Lutz, Matthias, additional, Grunder, Jürg, additional, and Urek, Gregor, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Comparison of cauliflower–insect–fungus interactions and pesticides for cabbage root fly control
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Razinger, Jaka, primary, Žerjav, Metka, additional, Zemljič‐Urbančič, Meta, additional, Modic, Špela, additional, Lutz, Matthias, additional, Schroers, Hans‐Josef, additional, Grunder, Jürg, additional, Fellous, Simon, additional, and Urek, Gregor, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Pest categorisation of small‐spored Alternaria carrying the genes for the AM‐ or AK‐toxin biosynthesis
- Author
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Vicent, Antonio, Vloutoglou, Irene, Bottex, Bernard, Rossi, Vittorio, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Vicent, Antonio, Vloutoglou, Irene, Bottex, Bernard, and Rossi, Vittorio
- Abstract
The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of small-spored Alternaria carrying the genes for the AM- or AK-toxin biosynthesis, for the EU. The identity of the pests is clearly defined and reliable methods exist for their detection/identification. They are listed in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC as Alternaria alternata (non-European pathogenic isolates). Their distribution in the EU is restricted though with some uncertainty. The AM-toxin producer Alternaria affect Malus spp. and Pyrus communis (European pear), whereas the AK-toxin producer affect Pyrus pyrifolia, Pyrus bretschneideri and Pyrus ussuriensis (Asian pears). The pests could potentially enter the EU on host-planting material and fruit originating in infested countries. There are no biotic/abiotic factors limiting their potential establishment and spread in the EU, as their epidemiology is similar to that of other well-established Alternaria spp. Apples and European pears are widespread in the EU; Japanese pears are also present, but no data was found on their abundance/distribution. In the infested areas, the pests cause premature defoliation, fruit spotting and rot resulting in yield/quality losses. It is expected that the introduction and spread of the pests in the EU could impact apple and pear production, although the magnitude is unknown. Cultural practices and chemical measures may reduce the inoculum and the disease, but they cannot eliminate the pests. Phytosanitary measures are available to mitigate the risk of introduction and spread of the pests. The pests do not meet all the criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as potential Union quarantine pests, as they are not under official control in those EU restricted areas where they have been found. The pests do not meet all the criteria assessed by EFSA to consider them as Union regulated non-quarantine pests, as host plants for planting are not the main means of pest spread.
- Published
- 2017
50. Pest categorisation of Elsinoë fawcettii and E. australis
- Author
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Vicent, Antonio, Vloutoglou, Irene, Bottex, Bernard, Rossi, Vittorio, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Jeger, Michael, Bragard, Claude, Caffier, David, Candresse, Thierry, Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet, Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina, Gilioli, Gianni, Grégoire, Jean‐Claude, Jaques Miret, Josep Anton, MacLeod, Alan, Navajas Navarro, Maria, Niere, Björn, Parnell, Stephen, Potting, Roel, Rafoss, Trond, Urek, Gregor, Van Bruggen, Ariena, Van der Werf, Wopke, West, Jonathan, Winter, Stephan, Vicent, Antonio, Vloutoglou, Irene, Bottex, Bernard, and Rossi, Vittorio
- Abstract
The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Elsino€e fawcettii and E. australis, the causal agents of citrus scab diseases, for the EU. The identities of the pests are well-established and reliable methods exist for their detection/identification. The pests are listed in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC as Elsino€e spp. and are not known to occur in the EU. Species and hybrids of citrus (Family Rutaceae) are affected by E. fawcettii and E. australis, with the latter having a more restricted host range and geographical distribution compared to the former. The status of Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) as a host of E. australis is uncertain. The pests could potentially enter the EU on host plants for planting and fruit originating in infested Third countries. The current distribution of the pests, climate matching and the use of irrigation in the EU citrus-growing areas suggest that the pests could establish and spread in the EU citrus-growing areas. Uncertainty exists on whether cultural practices and control methods, currently applied in the EU, would prevent the establishment of the pests. In the infested areas, the pests cause scab pustules on host leaves and fruit resulting in yield/quality losses. It is expected that the introduction and spread of the pests in the EU could impact citrus production. Cultural practices and chemical control measures may reduce the inoculum sources and to some extent the disease incidence, but they cannot eliminate the pests. Phytosanitary measures are available to mitigate the risk of introduction and spread of the pests in the EU. E. fawcettii and E. australis meet all the criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as potential Union quarantine pests. As those pests are not known to occur in the EU, this criterion to consider them as Union regulated non-quarantine pests is not met.
- Published
- 2017
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