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The losses caused by disasters, particularly earthquakes, are closely related to the design of urban fabric. This study deals with morphological analyses conducted at different levels in Adapazarı, where a new urban macroform emerged after the August 17 and November 12, 1999 Eastern Marmara Earthquakes, in the context of the physical criteria that constitute the urban fabric. Spatial analyses carried out at the urban and neighborhood levels highlight the importance of planned urban fabric in reducing earthquake risks and creating safer urban areas. The analyses reveal that planned urban fabric, designed and implemented with foresight, carries significantly lower risk compared to unplanned and irregular urban fabric shaped by the individual decisions of property owners. The findings emphasize the need for more comprehensive and holistic planning strategies to establish safe urban environments against disasters. The presence of such strategies is crucial for both current and future planning approaches. The study contributes to the urban planning and design literatüre by demonstrating the impact of urban morphology on the development of design strategies aimed at ensuring safety and reducing risks against earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on urban fabric has long been a focus of interest for researchers and planners. In response to the automobile-centric design of cities, approaches such as Complete Streets have emerged to create accessible, people-centric environments by integrating various transportation modes. The study is to understand how complete street design strategies influence the connectivity and integration of the urban fabric, focusing on Haft-e-Tir Square in Tehran as a case study. Employing space syntax methodology, the current layout and a design proposal based on Complete Street strategies for the square had analysed to reveal the impact of this planning and design principle on the city’s urban fabric. The result uncovers how Complete Street hold promise in improving urban functionality and elevating the life quality. The design proposal’s interventions proved that by prioritizing pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, and transit riders, the level of safety, walkability, liveability, and environmental sustainability of the area can improve. Moreover, the findings showed a considerable reduction in the pedestrian and traffic congestion, resulting in supports for local businesses and improved urban functionalities. By contributing to the ongoing discourse on Complete Streets and its impact on shaping urban environments, this research is paving the way for future studies in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iraqi cities in general, and the city of Mosul in particular, face a major problem represented by the ill-considered changes occurring in the urban fabric and residential neighborhoods as a result of the invasion of commercial shops into these areas, which has led to the creation of social problems that have affected the social behavior of residential neighborhoods. The Al-Muthanna area was chosen on the left side of Mosul to study the impact of the development of Al-Muthanna Commercial Street on the urban fabric of the residential area. The research relied on a descriptive analysis of the area and a study of sites of change, and graphic analysis was also adopted. The practical study showed a significant weakness in the relationship that achieve the comprehensive unity of the urban scene, which indicates the absence of a unified language in designing the components of the urban street. The results also showed a significant weakness in visual gradation and visual continuity, while there was a clear presence of the concepts of inconsistency and contrast. The results indicate the presence of a state of disintegration and incoherence in the urban scene of the studied street, in addition to the great dissonance between its compositional components. This is due to the failure to use a pre-planned and structured design language when converting functional use from one function to another, which negatively affects urban structures and formations. When changing the functional use of a particular urban scene, it is essential to do so carefully and in accordance with design criteria that ensure visual compatibility and cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of the physical environment on people's active behaviour have been a central topic over the last decade, particularly in urban design, public health, and transportation. Research on the impact of the built environment attributes on walkability still needs to be completed in developing countries. Literature on walkability demonstrated the effectiveness of the studies, which consider micro-scale elements when evaluating pedestrian street environments. We are interested in assessing urban design qualities at the micro-scale level, which would give more evidence on the walking conditions of a developing country. This study explores whether the typo-morphological aspect of selected routes in a medium-sized African city is associated with urban design qualities related to walkability and compares the combined scores of urban design qualities with other cities. According to our findings, the typo-morphological aspect of urban routes correlates with the evaluated urban design qualities. The results revealed a significant difference in these qualities between the old colonial and the post-independence fabrics, with imageability and complexity appearing to be the most influential qualities. The results showed that urban design qualities related to walkability in a medium-sized African city scored lower than in other urban contexts. This study has several implications for city planners and decision-makers looking to improve the walking environment of the city.

Energy efficiency Energy efficiency in buildings is a critical aspect of sustainable development (SD), especially in developing countries with significant construction volumes like Iran. The National Housing Project (NHP) in Iran aims to provide affordable housing for the middle class, with a strong emphasis on energy efficiency and sustainable development. This study examines the combined impact of orientation and configuration on visual and thermal comfort (VC, TC) using multi-objective optimization (MOO) techniques. By simulating thermal behavior in EnergyPlus and applying optimization with the Wallacei-x plugin in Grasshopper, this study identifies optimal solutions using the weighted sum method (WSM). The research consists of two parts: analysis of isolated buildings and Multi-family buildings. The linear configuration, with a 0º angle, showed a 4.9% reduction in Energy Use Intensity (EUI), a 3.9% increase in Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI), and a 2.6% improvement in Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). In the second part, it was found that, overall, increasing the distance between blocks reduces energy consumption, enhances daylight efficiency, and improves thermal comfort conditions. The impact of horizontal distance changes in linear and U-shaped configurations is greater than that of vertical changes. In the courtyard, this trend is reversed, with vertical distance changes having a greater impact. However, in the L-shaped organizer, the effects of these distances on various parameters vary. These data offer the potential to create sustainable cities in the future.

One area of activity that receives considerable attention in municipalities, particularly in metropolitan regions, is the management of properties assigned to municipalities for the implementation of detailed plans, comprehensive urban development strategies, and revitalization and renovation initiatives for deteriorated areas. Annually, municipalities engage in the construction or enhancement of road infrastructure and the establishment of recreational and cultural facilities in alignment with urban development and city expansion objectives. The objective of this research is to elucidate the legal issues associated with property ownership in deteriorated areas of historical significance as managed by the municipality of Sari. This study adopts a descriptive -analytical framework, employing an applied -developmental research approach grounded in survey and field methodologies. The data collection strategy utilized in this research comprises library research, document analysis, and field surveys, employing questionnaires administered to a sample of 384 citizens of Sari. Data analysis in this study employs chi -square statistical techniques using SPSS software. The findings reveal that the primary organizational challenges encountered by the municipality in terms of property ownership in deteriorated areas of Sari include insufficient awareness of laws and legal procedures, lack of coordination in implementation processes, failure to regularly update property pricing tariffs, delayed and unplanned project execution, and the absence of legal analyses in project preparation. Consequently, the municipality of Sari should prioritize the enhancement of its internal structure and operational performance, addressing identified weaknesses and fostering structural and functional coherence in property ownership as part of revitalization plans for deteriorated areas, rather than concentrating exclusively on external and inter -organizational dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple fabric assessment (MFA) is a computer‐aided procedure designed for identifying and characterizing urban fabric types (morphotypes) from a street‐based perspective. Nonetheless, the original MFA presents some limitations: it relies on surface‐based descriptors, conceived as proxy variables for the pedestrian perspective in urban form analysis, rather than direct sight‐based measurements. It also uses building footprint classes as proxies for building types. The spatial statistics on the street network concentrate on patterns of over‐ and under‐represented values, which often results in a limited number of morphotypes. Furthermore, the morphotypes are typically valid only for a specific study area. This article presents the latest methodological advancements in MFA overcoming these four limitations. Its implementation over the eight largest French metropolitan areas successfully distinguishes approximately 20 distinct place‐specific morphotypes, which are further aggregated into a comprehensive multi‐level nested taxonomy. The new MFA procedure allows a nationwide comparative analysis of contemporary urban forms, laying the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of morphologically regionalized metropolitan areas. Through detailed algorithmic improvements and nationwide implementation, integrating traditional urban morphology with streetscape analysis, MFA provides insights into the analogies and differences of the urban fabric in contemporary metropolitan areas, enabling interoperability with other domains of urban research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent Nature Restoration Law by the European Parliament includes an objective of achieving zero "net land take" by 2050. With the same aim, since 2024, the Territorial Governance law in Tuscany has required municipalities to redefine the perimeter of urbanized territory as it is only within these areas that new buildings can be constructed. The law assigns a fundamental role to regeneration plans as chosen tools to plan marginal contexts where it is possible to reclaim areas for urban development without consuming new land. In addition, it prescribes that the delimitation of urbanized territory must start from the classification of urban fabric in relation to codified morphotypes of contemporary urbanizations. Therefore, to define urban regeneration policies, it is possible to identify critical issues and quality objectives for each of them. The aim of this research is to implement a methodology for the definition of urban morphotypes while ensuring consideration of the fragility conditions of the territory related to environmental factors. In the Municipality of San Giuliano Terme in the province of Pisa, we have identified areas where urban regeneration for settlement development is closely linked to strategies to safeguard and restore green ecosystem services, protect against hydraulic risk, and counter heat islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on spatial statistical methods related to population estimation at the building scale and its implications for urban land use has attained little attention. The main target of this study is to propose a new method for population estimation at the building level with minimal data and methodology and a high accuracy rate. In addition to this, it discusses urban population from various perspectives by using spatial statistical methods (Local Moran's I and Hot–Cold Spot) to examine the population calculated based on the number of residential units in buildings and the household size of the neighborhood along with urban land use types in the case of Bursa. The results showed the following: (1) The suggested method achieves a 76% accuracy rate in population estimation at the building level; (2) 64.6% of the city's population (2,101,581 individuals) is located in areas classified as Discontinuous High-Density Urban Fabric (50–80%) and Continuous Urban Fabric (>80); (3) 13.2% of the population is located in hot spot areas of these two types, while 14.5% is in cold spot areas. This research provides decision-makers with a framework for addressing urban problems related to housing, transportation, health, and energy in addition to the methods it proposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to identify the basic principles and design considerations (cultural and natural) that can be relied upon in the urban landscape design for vertical residential complexes in Baghdad city. The descriptive and analytical approach was followed to collect and extract the data for urban green spaces of Al-Salhia residential complex within Baghdad city that based on six tools for data collection and analysis which were: field survey, climatic factors analysis, urban fabric analysis, personal interviews, cultural factors analysis, and questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of the people and specialists from Al-Salhia complex residents. After collecting the forms, the data was gathered by the "Excel Office Microsoft" software, and the "System Analysis Statistical" program was used to download the data and the differences between the means were compared with the least significant difference "LSD" test. The results revealed that the decrement in the green space's percent of the complex and their efficien. And the shades created by the residential buildings were not taken into consideration by designing the green spaces and their impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's urban environments, maintaining dynamism and engagement poses significant challenges, leading cities to become static and unresponsive. Designers have proposed various initiatives, with a particular focus on squares as pivotal components shaping social processes through human-environment interaction. This study aims to identify the role of urban spatial configuration in fostering sociability, social receptivity, and cohesion within urban fabric, specifically examining how urban form influences social interaction and space dynamics. Squares typically serve as focal points due to their significance in facilitating social interactions. Therefore, this study zeroes in on Haft-e Tir Square in Tehran as a case study. Employing the Space Syntax method for analyzing spatial configuration, the study compares social receptivity levels between two urban design layouts. Findings reveal that even minor alterations aimed at enhancing pedestrian-friendly environments significantly optimize spatial organization, thereby strengthening social receptivity in urban squares. A comparison between the current state of Haft-e Tir Square and its proposed redesign highlights improvements in accessibility, crucial for fostering social interactions. Overall, this research underscores the importance of spatial arrangement and design in creating accessible spaces, enhancing transportation efficiency, mitigating traffic congestion, and promoting equal opportunities for social interactions within urban squares. Implementing physical strategies to pedestrianize urban areas plays a pivotal role in boosting the sociability index of urban spaces, particularly in revitalizing urban squares, which have gradually lost their significance in the urban landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2522-3380) is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Graffiti relies on social instrumentation for its creation on spatial structures. It is questioned whether different mechanisms exist to transfer social and spatial hierarchies under a new model for better engagement, management, and governance. This research aims to replace physical graffiti using augmented reality (AR) in smartphones. Contact-free AR graffiti starts with the creation of 3D graffiti; this is followed by an AR cloud platform upload, quick response (QR) code access, and site deployment, leading to the secondary reconstruction of a field scene using smartphone screenshots. The working structure was created based on the first 3D reconstruction of graffiti details as AR models and second 3D reconstruction of field graffiti on different backgrounds using a photogrammetry method. The 3D graffiti can be geotagged as a personal map and 3D printed for collections. This culture-engaged AR creates a two-way method of interacting with spatial structures where the result is collected as a self-governed form of social media. The reinterpreted context is represented by a virtual 3D sticker or symbolized name card shared on the cloud. The hidden or social hierarchy was reinterpreted by a sense of ritual without altering any space. The application of digital stickers in AR redefines the spatial order, typology, and governance of graffiti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeologies is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Graffiti represents a multi-disciplinary social behavior. It is used to annotate urban landscapes under the assumption that building façades will constantly evolve and acquire modified skins. This study aimed to simulate the interaction between building façades and generative AI-based graffiti using Stable Diffusion® (SD v 1.7.0). The context used for graffiti generation considered the graffiti as the third skin, the remodeled façade as the second skin, and the original façade as the first skin. Graffiti was created based on plain-text descriptions, representative images, renderings of scaled 3D prototype models, and characteristic façades obtained from various seed elaborations. It was then generated from either existing graffiti or the abovementioned context; overlaid upon a campus or city; and judged based on various criteria: style, area, altitude, orientation, distribution, and development. I found that rescaling and reinterpreting the context presented the most creative results: it allowed unexpected interactions between the urban fabric and the dynamics created to be foreseen by elaborating on the context and due to the divergent instrumentation used for the first, second, and third skins. With context awareness or homogeneous aggregation, graphic partitions can thus be merged into new topologically re-arranged polygons that enable a cross-gap creative layout. Almost all façades were found to be applicable. AI generation enhances awareness of the urban fabric and facilitates a review of both the human scale and buildings. AI-based virtual governance can use generative graffiti to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures in an urban context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, urban areas like Lucknow have faced increasing challenges related to energy consumption and sustainability. As cities grow, the demand for energy rises, necessitating efficient use of resources to mitigate environmental impact and ensure long-term urban livability. Energy efficiency in urban neighborhoods plays a pivotal role in achieving these goals by reducing energy consumption, promoting sustainable practices, and enhancing the quality of life for residents. Despite the importance of energy efficiency, many urban neighborhoods in Lucknow face significant challenges in implementing effective strategies. Variations in infrastructure, socioeconomic factors, and policy frameworks influence the adoption and success of energy-efficient practices across different neighborhoods. Understanding these variations and identifying successful approaches are crucial steps towards fostering sustainable urban development. Urban areas worldwide face growing challenges related to energy consumption and sustainability, prompting cities like Lucknow to explore strategies for enhancing energy efficiency within their urban fabric. This research conducts a comparative analysis of energy efficiency practices across diverse neighborhoods in Lucknow, aiming to identify effective strategies and contextual factors influencing their implementation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, qualitative data from interviews and site observations complement quantitative data on energy usage patterns and infrastructure development. Findings reveal significant variations in energy efficiency initiatives, impacted by local governance, community engagement, and technological adoption. Successful practices emphasize multi-stakeholder collaborations, policy coherence, and tailored interventions that address neighborhood-specific needs. The study contributes empirical insights into urban sustainability by informing policy-makers and urban planners on effective pathways for promoting energy efficiency in Lucknow's neighborhoods, thereby advancing broader goals of environmental sustainability and livability in urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the physical environment on people's active behaviour have been a central topic over the last decade, particularly in urban design, public health, and transportation. Research on the impact of the built environment attributes on walkability still needs to be completed in developing countries. Literature on walkability demonstrated the effectiveness of the studies, which consider micro-scale elements when evaluating pedestrian street environments. We are interested in assessing urban design qualities at the micro-scale level, which would give more evidence on the walking conditions of a developing country. This study explores whether the typo-morphological aspect of selected routes in a medium-sized African city is associated with urban design qualities related to walkability and compares the combined scores of urban design qualities with other cities. According to our findings, the typo-morphological aspect of urban routes correlates with the evaluated urban design qualities. The results revealed a significant difference in these qualities between the old colonial and the post-independence fabrics, with imageability and complexity appearing to be the most influential qualities. The results showed that urban design qualities related to walkability in a mediumsized African city scored lower than in other urban contexts. This study has several implications for city planners and decision-makers looking to improve the walking environment of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shantytowns or slum area started to appear in the urban fabric within town zones in Algeria during the colonial period. This situation endured after the independence, in particular during the seventies of the last century. The reasons: a population growth and an increasing urbanization in big and intermediate cities, in addition to the industrial establishment resulting from the development choices. This latter wasn't supported by balanced development. The impact was obvious on the urban development of the Algerian cities. Hence, the slum areas increased outside the town urban perimeter, where the public lands and the lands inconvenient for urbanization such as river shores, old quarries and hills. The citizen, in cause of that, stood in a permanent conflict with the relevant authorities, in particular municipalities, to settle the situation or to remove definitively the house. Hence, this situation leads to a degradation in the urban fabric and planning of numerous cities. The Governorate of Biskra was also affected by this phenomenon starting from the 1970s. It results, among other reasons, from its elevation to the status of Governorate in 1974 following the second administrative structuring in Algeria after the independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mafraq has witnessed rapid urban growth over successive years. This growth has been heavily impacted by the presence of 180,000 Syrian refugees inside the city. The wider Jordanian economy has been affected by the continuous influx of Syrian refugees since the beginning of the crisis in March 2011. Some of the Syrian refugees live in refugee camps, while the majority of them prefer to live among the local communities and the Jordanians themselves, which has led to an impact on Jordanian urbanism and the society itself. In Mafraq, this led to the opening of new streets and shops along Jerash Street and Baghdad Street, which extended in all directions, especially from the Mafraq center toward the Za'atari camp area. The main aim of this article is to determine the impact of refugees on host communities by analyzing the real situation of the Syrian refugees and their impacts of them. The study used a mixed-method approach using qualitative and quantitative research to achieve the main aim of this research. It is concluded that urban refugees are an important factor in the transformation of cities occupied by them and play a key role in reforming the urban and architectural void in the cities in which they settled. Therefore, the research calls on decision-makers in the governments containing the refugees to enact specialized regulations and laws that are fitting to reduce the negative impacts, such as the random spread of housing and disorganized urban expansion. This can be applied by setting a comprehensive plan for urban characteristics and architectural style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) principles offer a promising framework for integrating metro stations with their surrounding urban fabric, promoting sustainable urbanization and efficient transportation systems. Dhaka, one of the fastest-growing cities globally, faces significant challenges in traffic congestion, air pollution, and urban sprawl. Introducing metro systems offers a promising solution to alleviate these issues and enhance urban mobility. This study presents a case study of Agargaon Metro Station in Dhaka City, examining its integration with the adjacent urban fabric using TOD principles. Through a combination of field observations, spatial analysis, and stakeholder interviews, the study evaluates the current state of Agargaon Metro Station. On-site assessments examined the station's physical infrastructure, accessibility, and connectivity with nearby areas, while Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyzed spatial data, including land use patterns and transportation networks. Semi-structured interviews with urban planners, government officials, and community members provided insights into the challenges and opportunities for implementing TOD at Agargaon. The findings reveal that the station is underutilized as a TOD hub, with inadequate pedestrian infrastructure and mixed-use developments, leading to poor connectivity and accessibility. The study highlights the necessity of improved land use planning, policy support, and community engagement to enhance the station's role in fostering TOD. These recommendations, if implemented, could alleviate traffic congestion, improve air quality, and create more livable urban spaces, thereby enhancing Dhaka's overall quality of life. Additionally, the research contributes to the social and economic dimensions of urbanization by offering a framework that can be adapted to similar metro stations in Dhaka and other rapidly urbanizing cities.

The revitalisation of traditional market was prioritized by the Indonesian government to protect the unique socio-cultural space. This was achieved through a set of national standards designed to have a more organized and effective infrastructure to meet contemporary requirements. However, only a few have been able to comply with this high standard required. One of the distinct traditional markets without the capacity to fulfil the standards is Mangiran because of the limitations of the area. Therefore, this research investigated an alternative approach to integrate the urban fabric potential into the Mangiran market for the purpose of fulfilling the required standards. The approach was sued to review the national standard in order to have a new perspective and interpretation of traditional markets. The review was further assessed by collecting and analysing primary and secondary data using a qualitative method. The result showed that the integration of urban fabric into Mangiran market was advantageous in challenging the area limitation. This was achieved through the introduction of new types of customers to the market by diversifying the function using both tangible and intangible urban fabric potential.

This paper analyzes the development of Pitrufquén (located in the Araucanía Region, Chile, and founded in 1897) from a historical, territorial, urban, and architectural point of view. It is proposed that the city’s development is framed in a new moment, where the Chilean State abandons military criteria and assumes economic-territorial factors where the railroad’s presence is a determining factor. The choice of the site, its particular layout, and the development of its architecture are evidence of this change. From the historical point of view, it is analyzed how, in Pitrufquén, the Mapuche society had cattle raising as the main economic activity, as it had pastures to feed the cattle, the land was suitable for crops, and there was a vital ford to cross the Toltén River. This strategic location was maintained and accentuated by the city’s founding and the railroad’s arrival in 1898, turning the town into a railhead for progress towards the south of the country. In the case of the urban layout, its peculiarity was addressed since, together with Lonquimay, these are the only sections in the La Araucanía region organized based on an ellipse, which, in the case of Pitrufquén, also coexists with a checkerboard layout. The study analyzed its squares, diagonal avenues, and the perimeter ring road. At an architectural level, the article explores the three layers or aspects of the city: The first one studies the wooden architecture with works from the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the second refers to public architecture, represented by buildings such as the municipality, public services, the post office, and others; and a third layer addresses the modern architecture, such as housing and stores from the period between 1940 and 1960. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the Ottoman Period urban fabric of Silifke, a crucial historical town in Turkey. The aim of this paper is to develop a research framework for the transfer of cultural heritage and cultural continuity in multi-layered historical cities. In this context, investigating the level of sociocultural transition and physical permeability between layers is the main problem of the article. The scope of the study consists of an approximately 1.5 km2 (150 hectares) area within the boundaries of the 3rd Degree archaeological site determined in 1995 by the Adana Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Regional Board. In the case area, there are building remains and 58 registered buildings, 40 of which were built during the Ottoman Period. The findings and evaluations were examined in three parts: the periods before the Ottoman Period, the Ottoman Period, and the Republican Period. Analyses were developed independently or overlapped from archive documents such as the Presidential Ottoman Archive (BOA), provincial yearbooks, engravings of travelers, photographs, aerial photographs of different years, current maps, zoning plans, and conservation plans. Then, we made descriptions and inferences about urban change/transformation, which is affected by the political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental factors of the town and will shape the future change/transformation and management of the town. The ultimate goal is to set up a basis for the Silifke town center that will guide future interventions and design and planning policies for cultural continuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical farm ponds have been designed, maintained, and established as heritage sites or cultural landscapes. Has their gradually evolving function resulted in changes to the landscape influenced by their degenerated nature and the new urban fabric? This study aimed to assess the interaction between urban fabrics and eight farm ponds in Taoyuan by determining the demolition ratio of ponds subject to the transit-oriented development (TOD) of infrastructure and to evaluate land cover using historical maps, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted 3D modeling, smartphone augmented reality (AR), and a gaming engine to inspect and compare well-developed or reactivated ponds and peripheries. A 46% reduction in pond area around Daxi Interchange was an important indicator of degeneration in the opposite direction to TOD-based instrumentation. Three-dimensional skyline analysis enabled us to create an urban context matrix to be used in the simulations. Nearly 55 paired AR comparisons were made with 100 AR cloud-accessed models from the Augment® platform, and we produced a customized interface to align ponds with landmark construction or other ponds using Unreal Engine®. Smartphone AR is a valuable tool for situated comparisons and was used to conduct analyses across nine categories, from buildings and infrastructure to the intensity and stage of development. The gaming engine handled large point models with high detail and was supported by a customized blueprint. We found that 3D virtual dynamics highlighted the evolving interstitial space and role substitution of the agricultural fabric. This combination of heterogeneous platforms provides a practical method of preserving heritage and enables conflict resolution through policy and TOD instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An appropriate urban density is a vital part of a sustainable urban fabric. However, when it comes to measuring the built urban fabric and how people walk through it and use, a difficulty has been observed in defining applicable measurement tools. With the intention of identifying the variables that will allow the best characterization of this fabric and movement, a multi-variable analysis methodology from the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is proposed. The main objective of this paper is to prove the capacity of AI as an evolving research method in urban morphology and specifically to evaluate the capacity of such a methodology to measure the way in which people travel through defined multi-levels of typologies of public urban space. The research uses the case of Hong Kong as a dense city that is three-dimensionally activated in terms of its public realm, not just at street level, but also via below ground subways and upper-level walkways, public and quasipublic spaces. This includes the three-dimensional volumetric assessment of public and quasi-public space typologies within a highly dense city. For the purpose of the study, a characterization and term definition of these spaces has been further developed: "Junctions", "Landmarks", "Intersections", "Districts", "Passages" and "Lobbies" (both outdoor and indoor) based on Lynch's 5 main key elements (District, landmark, path, edges, node). The results obtained using AI prove to be more robust and rational than those based on a more limited range of tools, evidencing that using AI can offer operational opportunities for better understanding of morphological and typological evolution within the vertical and volumetric built urban fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines placemaking and the outcomes of urban design issues in a waterfront area. The fine-grained urban fabric has played an important role in waterfront regeneration schemes globally. Acting towards environmental challenges to provide green spaces has increasingly become a favourable approach since the 2010s. An ideas competition was held in 2020 to address the issues on the waterfront of the Haliç area. The seven semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the competing discourses on each project created by the teams who attempted to deal with the unsolved urban fabric. Making use of a series of semi-structured interviews, this research paper investigates the existence of the urban fabric as a place-shaping continuum in the Halic area.

Graffiti relies on social instrumentation for its creation on spatial structures. It is questioned whether different mechanisms exist to transfer social and spatial hierarchies under a new model for better engagement, management, and governance. This research aims to replace physical graffiti using augmented reality (AR) in smartphones. Contact-free AR graffiti starts with the creation of 3D graffiti; this is followed by an AR cloud platform upload, quick response (QR) code access, and site deployment, leading to the secondary reconstruction of a field scene using smartphone screenshots. The working structure was created based on the first 3D reconstruction of graffiti details as AR models and second 3D reconstruction of field graffiti on different backgrounds using a photogrammetry method. The 3D graffiti can be geotagged as a personal map and 3D printed for collections. This culture-engaged AR creates a two-way method of interacting with spatial structures where the result is collected as a self-governed form of social media. The reinterpreted context is represented by a virtual 3D sticker or symbolized name card shared on the cloud. The hidden or social hierarchy was reinterpreted by a sense of ritual without altering any space. The application of digital stickers in AR redefines the spatial order, typology, and governance of graffiti.

Transit-oriented Development (TOD) reduces traffic congestion and encourages high dense, mixed-use, and walkable environments. Whether Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) shaped TOD or not has not been well examined, though rail transit has been widely studied. Therefore, this study fills this research gap and investigates what kind of urban fabric has been created by BRT’s shaping of the TOD within 800 meters between 2012 and 2021 in Lahore using three TOD criteria: density, diversity, and design. This study conducted observation surveys and interviews with the officials of departments to evaluate the aforementioned TOD criteria, and the collected data were analyzed using ArcMap. This study concluded that population density, development volume, and land use for economic activities all increased after the BRT operation. Pedestrian paths were not improved or remain the same, signifying that the walkability and open space either remained the same or declined in the station areas. However, intersection density increased in some station areas. The evidence in this study indicates that density and diversity improved but design criteria remained the same or declined. Therefore, to achieve TOD, the government should give priority to improving the walking environment, for instance, by creating more pedestrian paths and open spaces.

This research paper examines the morphological transformation of the historic urban quarters (HUQ) adjacent to Maldah Patti in Dinajpur and provides guidelines for maintaining architectural continuity in new constructions. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including historical research, physical surveys, user interviews, design ethnography, and participant experiences. The identified factors contributing to architectural degradation in HUQ adjacent to Maldah Patti in Dinajpur include economy-focused considerations, lack of awareness, municipal regulations, community sense, owner preferences, bureaucracy, and the architect's lack of knowledge. The study identified physical characteristics of historical structures in the HUQ, including location, ownership, present use, facade emphasis, style, and pedestrian experience. The study recommends balancing historical continuity and socio-economic development, designing elements to evoke historical ambience, acknowledging functionality and spatial constraints, ensuring client participation, paying attention to detail, taking inspiration from historic structures, deriving vertical and horizontal emphasis in the façade, facing trade-offs and compromises, giving importance to communication, and paying attention to security issues to achieve architectural continuity in HUQ.

Waterfronts are regarded as one of the most crucial components of urban development as they connect water elements to the urban fabric. They provide residents with opportunities to engage in essential waterfront activities, which contribute to the area's social, economic, urban, and environmental importance. Urban places with waterfronts are more valuable and help people visualize certain scenes in their mind maps. Egypt boasts numerous waterfronts with distinct locations, particularly Port Said city, which overlooks the Suez Canal along the city's tourist walkway. This significant site is considered the cornerstone of the world and the meeting point of the continents of Asia and Africa. It holds a prominent position locally and globally in terms of global transport and trade, playing a vital role in achieving economic and environmental sustainability. Additionally, it holds historical value. However, despite these attributes, it faces various urban, economic, and environmental challenges. Consequently, the research idea emerged, highlighting the necessity of adopting a sustainable strategy to regenerate this vital area in terms of urban, economic, environmental, and social aspects while preserving its heritage and historical value. The research emphasizes three main aspects: firstly, a theoretical study that encompasses the definition and principles of urban waterfronts; secondly, an analytical study of one of the best international waterfronts worldwide (Kyrenia waterfront); and finally, an applied study that applies the most important criteria derived from the analytical study to the port said waterfront, with the aim of achieving a sustainable waterfront. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porta Nuova in Mesagne constituted a monumental entrance to the ancient city within the circuit of the city walls, together with the older Porta Grande and the ruined Porta Piccola. The present contribution illustrates the conservation practices implemented, starting from the cognitive investigation, in the broader context of the architectural language of the city gates in Terra d'Otranto, from the survey phases and the diagnostic study of the building, in order to restore the full usability of the monument. The executive phases were carried out in the consolidation of the rich sculptural-decorative apparatus, in the restoration and protection of the material continuity, compromised by environmental factors, common to surfaces exposed to atmospheric agents, by intrinsic vulnerabilities, determined by a construction excursus not completed in a single phase, and, last but not least, by more recent interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The petroleumscape has been comprehensively studied downstream from refineries to the retail and administrative footprints of oil space that are generally related to urban agglomeration. Upstream, however, there is less analysis of onshore oil's origins, typically located in the hinterland and associated with rural areas. This article elaborates on the concept of the petroleumscape in oil and gas extractive areas, which are perceived and conceived of as non-urban, as a nonetheless urban phenomenon. It employs the lens of planetary urbanization by using the term 'urban fabric'. To illustrate how the urban fabric was produced, appropriated, and contested, the Cepu region and its oil mining were analyzed using previous studies, secondary documents, and news. The results show that the Cepu petroleumscape is a blurred capitalist urban fabric determined by local social and political processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper details a part of a case study exploring placemaking activities and the outcomes of urban design issues in a waterfront area. The fine-grained urban fabric has played an important role in waterfront regeneration schemes globally. Governments try to encourage place-based regeneration activities such as design-led and culture-led strategies addressing social and physical issues in several waterfront areas. Acting towards environmental challenges to provide green spaces has increasingly become a favourable approach since the 2010s. An ideas competition was held in 2020 to address this issue on the waterfront of the Haliç area, which is a post-industrial site today. The seven semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the competing discourses on each project created by the teams who attempted to deal with the unsolved urban fabric. In this regard, this paper focuses on the examination of the placemaking activities in a situation where there is no urban fabric, by referring to the help of control variables together with semistructured interviews with academic members of Istanbul Technical University and investigates the existence of the urban fabric as a place shaping continuum in the Halic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representing the starting point of the modernization efforts of the Ottoman Empire, the Tanzimat Edict of the 18th century decreed that a reform modeled on Europe would become an official state policy, thus initiating a period that reshaped the structure and social fabric of the Empire. The Tanzimat Edict transformed the institutional structure in terms of legal practices, introducing a land order, city administration and construction practice in the cities and the architecture. In the Tanzimat Period, Ankara was one of the main cities where the changes in the administration of the Empire were reflected. In this context, the aim of this study is as follows: to analyze the urban fabric of Ankara related to the process that started with the Tanzimat Edict, in line with the modernization of the Ottoman Empire. This period saw transformation in many areas within spatial structures, as well as in the central administration at the upper level (political, social and economic). Changes at the local context can be seen from the maps of 1839 and 1924. These identify the processes that have instigated these changes and improvements and reveal the relationship of these processes with the Tanzimat reforms. The research concludes that the Tanzimat era practices carried out in Ankara, unlike the structural changes experienced in Istanbul and port cities, did not create major transformations, but actually created only gradual changes in the city. However, it is observed that these modernization initiatives in Ankara brought about, especially in bureaucratic and administrative organizations, social, political and cultural changes, and that these changes paved the way for the Republican Period. There is therefore no doubt that the Tanzimat era is an important time period in the story of changes in the urban fabric of the city.

Graffiti represents a multi-disciplinary social behavior. It is used to annotate urban landscapes under the assumption that building façades will constantly evolve and acquire modified skins. This study aimed to simulate the interaction between building façades and generative AI-based graffiti using Stable Diffusion® (SD v 1.7.0). The context used for graffiti generation considered the graffiti as the third skin, the remodeled façade as the second skin, and the original façade as the first skin. Graffiti was created based on plain-text descriptions, representative images, renderings of scaled 3D prototype models, and characteristic façades obtained from various seed elaborations. It was then generated from either existing graffiti or the abovementioned context; overlaid upon a campus or city; and judged based on various criteria: style, area, altitude, orientation, distribution, and development. I found that rescaling and reinterpreting the context presented the most creative results: it allowed unexpected interactions between the urban fabric and the dynamics created to be foreseen by elaborating on the context and due to the divergent instrumentation used for the first, second, and third skins. With context awareness or homogeneous aggregation, graphic partitions can thus be merged into new topologically re-arranged polygons that enable a cross-gap creative layout. Almost all façades were found to be applicable. AI generation enhances awareness of the urban fabric and facilitates a review of both the human scale and buildings. AI-based virtual governance can use generative graffiti to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures in an urban context.

This research paper examines the morphological transformation of the historic urban quarters (HUQ) adjacent to Maldah Patti in Dinajpur and provides guidelines for maintaining architectural continuity in new constructions. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including historical research, physical surveys, user interviews, design ethnography, and participant experiences. The identified factors contributing to architectural degradation in HUQ adjacent to Maldah Patti in Dinajpur include economy-focused considerations, lack of awareness, municipal regulations, community sense, owner preferences, bureaucracy, and the architect's lack of knowledge. The study identified physical characteristics of historical structures in the HUQ, including location, ownership, present use, facade emphasis, style, and pedestrian experience. The study recommends balancing historical continuity and socio-economic development, designing elements to evoke historical ambience, acknowledging functionality and spatial constraints, ensuring client participation, paying attention to detail, taking inspiration from historic structures, deriving vertical and horizontal emphasis in the façade, facing trade-offs and compromises, giving importance to communication, and paying attention to security issues to achieve architectural continuity in HUQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historic centers of cities have shifted during the last period into economic and commercial centers; this change has made them lose their distinct urban identity since these commercial centers need a flow of traffic, and these fabrics cannot absorb such an intensity of traffic. The objective of the research is to assess the possibility of possessing the historic urban fabric of the city of Mosul with the capabilities and urban features to accommodate sustainable transportation systems within, reduce dependence on individual vehicles, and give the fabric capabilities for preservation and development. The study uses an analytical comparison of international sustainable transportation evaluation systems to identify the most vital indicators: accessibility, permeability, and internal connectivity. The spatial structure of Mosul's historic city center is analyzed using space syntax theory, UCL Depthmap 10, AutoCAD 2016, and ArcMap 10.8 to evaluate how it performs on these indicators. The results showed a high internal connectivity values for the fabric reaching 344 intersections/km², with high integration values for the main circulation axes reaching (1.89) and their local control values reaching (2), with high coverage rates for service as crossing axes for the fabric reaching (83%). In conclusion, the study concluded that the historical urban fabric of the city of Mosul possesses the necessary urban structure and features that qualify it for sustainable transportation systems to work effectively within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the absence of industry data, organisms, and researchers leverage free and available data, specifically building and demolition permits. Geospatial processing is essential to integrate information from various files into a single GIS layer containing all relevant attributes for analysis. This article proposes a Geographic Information System (GIS) processing model aimed at monitoring construction and demolition dynamics in the European metropolis of Lille to quantify the urban production of mineral waste from buildings. Author methodology is based on that that the deposit potential can be analyzed using the observation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of building and demolition permits. The results demonstrate that combining construction and demolition (C&D) permits with other GIS layers allows us to produce data to quantify demolition surfaces per year in a given French area. The applicability of this methodology extends to all French regions, providing insights into the impact of crises on deconstruction activities and C&D waste generation. The study focuses on C&D French public data bases (French government and European Metropolis of Lille) attributed to the region (area) of the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL) between 2013 and 2022. Some data for 2022 were incomplete due to ongoing treatment, emphasizing the importance of understanding the dynamics of demolition rates or surfaces to identify data gaps or errors. Historical trajectories of C&D permits were quantified and analyzed, revealing over 21,000 permits granted from 2013 to 2022, categorized by site type (new construction, rehabilitations, prior declarations, and demolitions). Construction sites during this period covered approximately 3,345,948 m2, constituting 20% of the MEL's building stock, while demolition sites amounted to 1,977,911 m2, equivalent to 5% of the total area of buildings in the metropolis. Employing GIS allowed for a spatial analysis, visualizing data by municipality, urban fabric, and year. The analysis highlighted territories with high and low potential for demolition and construction, as well as the most impacted urban fabrics and dynamic periods. The article discusses potential crisis impacts (e.g., COVID-19 or economic downturns) and the implications of incomplete data. Finally, the study demonstrates how these findings can be utilized to quantify C&D waste, leveraging GIS and the production rate calculation method (GRC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The indiscriminate expansion and development of urbanization has increased the importance of paying attention to the regeneration of urban spaces as one of the most important interventions in cities. Regeneration with the aim of revitalizing urban spaces can provide a suitable platform for the realization of sustainable urban development. Therefore, in recent years, it has received special attention from city managers. Mashhad metropolis has 69 target neighborhoods for urban regeneration with a population equal to 1287731 people (equivalent to 42.11% of the total population of Mashhad city), where the need to pay attention to urban regeneration is felt more than ever. The aim of this research is to identify the major trends influencing the sustainable regeneration of the Mashhad city. Method: In this research, by using studies and library resources (with emphasis on documentary sources) and taking advantage of experts' opinions, 42 variables effective on sustainable urban regeneration in Mashhad were identified. Then, by using the analytical descriptive method and using the matrix of cross-reciprocal effects, the relationships between the research variables were determined. Results: The findings indicate that the variable of smallness of housing, lack of a comprehensive urban management system, weakness in residents' demands, high proportion of unsustainable license plates, lack of sense of pride in the neighborhood have the most impact in that order. Conclusion: The distribution of indicators in the direct and indirect effect -dependency map showed that Mashhad metropolis has an unstable situation in terms of regeneration parameters. Therefore, according to the results, the use of expert forces in local development offices; Efforts to synergize the organizations and institutions involved in regeneration in order to prevent the implementation of duplicate and parallel programs in the target areas; It is suggested to create a coordination secretariat to align and prevent partial actions of organizations and institutions involved in the regeneration process in Mashhad metropolis and to inform the residents of the target areas and areas in order to benefit and familiarize themselves with the regeneration programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between the Built Environment (BE) and SUdden-Onset Disasters (SUOD) are increasingly the focus of hazard mitigation investigation. Specifically, in the Historic Built Environment (HBE), defined as the network of buildings, infrastructure, and open spaces of the compact historic city, recent and past events have shown the need for an elevation of the resilience of the resident community. Previous studies by the author’s research team have objectified the characterisation of HBEs prone to SUODs. What emerged was the primary importance of open spaces in the Built Environment as elements to be characterised with respect to possible emergency phases and BE user behaviour. Specifically, the Historic Built Environment Typologies (H-BETs) can help to evaluate user behaviour during and after the event. Focusing on the role of the classification of the open spaces, the paper presents the H-BETs and their potential role in the multi-risk assessment of the compact historic town. The specific risk conditions of the urban areas (e.g., crowding, the complexity of the overall form of BEs, characteristics of built elements, uses of BEs), and the physical characteristics of historic urban BE (e.g., the height of the built fronts, number, and type of accesses, the slope of the ground) are considered together in order to propose a classification of different type of open spaces, starting from morphological classes towards the definition of a complete typological categorisation, representative of the urban system’s variables that interact with the identified SUOD hazards.

Due to the imbalance between their historic physical buildings and the requirements of its residents, heritage sites are subject to several urban pressures. However, the major potential for urban growth in such locations is in their historic assets.The purpose of this research is to provide an approach for conserving and enhancing urban history in a manner that is beneficial to the environment, society, culture, and economics. Heritage conservation is attempting to distinguish itself. This is due to the fact that conservation and sustainability objectives do not always coincide. The findings are based on research conducted in Mosul and a study of sustainable development's concepts and pillars. With the use of UNDP reports, the present condition in Mosul was determined. The results demonstrate the need of devising a strategy to safeguard historic cities while allowing residents to continue to reside there. This plan should include objectives, strategies, and instruments to ensure that the “historic living city” can adapt and evolve in accordance with the sustainable development principles and the sustainability cycles.The paper uses an inductive methodology to apply sustainable development to historic city centers worldwide.

This article discusses the design of two projects situated within the historic fortifications of the old town of Gorinchem in the Netherlands. Scala Architects provides insights into the projects’ inception, including the underlying concepts and design methodology enabling the creation of 142 homes and 282 parking spaces. By employing a range of urban and architectural design principles, both projects have blended seamlessly into the existing urban landscape and, over a decade, have become integral and unobtrusive components of the urban fabric.

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Copyright of Journal of Ankara Studies / Ankara Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Sadberk Hanim Muzesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)