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In this article, we model the current and voltage across the weak link between two superconductors. This gives us a nonhomogeneous, nonlinear parametric-driven sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts. This model equation cannot be solved directly but can be approximated. For the approximations, we use two methods, and analytic perturbation method and the numerical approximation method known as the Runge–Kutta method. For the analytic method, we construct a perturbation expansion method with multiple-scale expansion. We discuss the parametric-driven in the sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts for the 0–π–0 junction. Further, we also describe the breathing modes for various order of perturbation. At the end, we compare the solutions obtained via perturbation and numerical methods of parametric-driven sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts. Finally, we concluded that the modes of the breathing decay to a constant in both cases. Also we found a good agreement between both approximate methods.

Ion beam-induced luminescence (IBIL) is a versatile technique used to elucidate the chemical bond’s nature and analyze the defects study and impurities present in the material. In this study, IBIL spectra of phosphorus-irradiated sapphire has been analyzed under 2 MeV proton beam as a function of ion dose ranging from 1 × 1014 to 10 × 1014 ions/cm2 at room temperature in the wavelength range of 200–1,000 nm. The IBIL spectrum shows three kinds of luminescence features. The bands centered at 419 nm as F center and 330 nm as F+ center are associated with oxygen vacancies. The third kind of luminescence feature located at 704 nm is related to chromium impurities present in the crystal. The luminescence spectrum of the phosphorus-irradiated sapphire has been correlated with the spectrum obtained from pristine sapphire. The finding indicates that the intensity of defects due to phosphorus irradiation is reduced. As the proton ion fluence increases, the F and F+ center luminescence intensity eventually varies; it turns out that in phosphorus-irradiated sapphire, single crystal defects were reduced and the optical quality was improved.

Muhammad Shafiq,1 Jinhu Huang,1 Sadeeq Ur Rahman,2 Jan Mohammad Shah,1 Li Chen,1 Yi Gao,1 Mengli Wang,1 Liping Wang11Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Section Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, PakistanPurpose: The coexistence of mobile colistin (COL)-resistant gene mcr-1 with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene in Escherichia coli has become a serious threat globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the increasing resistance to COL and in particular its coexistence with ESBL-producing E. coli recovered from pig farms in China.Materials and methods: E. coli were isolated from 14 pig farms in Jiangsu China. Susceptibility testing was identified by micro-dilution method. PCR assay and nucleotide sequencing were used to detect COL-resistant genes, mcr-1 to −5, as well as ESBL genes, blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM. Conjugation experiment, plasmid replicon typing of the multidrug resistance (MDR), S1-PFGE and DNA southern hybridization were performed to study the transferability of these genes.Results: Overall, 275 E. coli isolates were recovered from a total of 432 cloacal and nasal swabs. More than 90% of the isolates were MDR, of which 70.18% were resistant to COL. Of these 275 isolates, mcr-1 was identified as the most predominant gene carried by 71.63% (197/275) of isolates, 39.59% (78/197) of the isolates were harboring both mcr-1 and ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM). ESBL genotyping showed that blaCTX-M was the most predominant ESBL (68.49%) followed by blaSHV (16.4%) and blaTEM (15%). Sequencing revealed that the most common variants of blaCTX-M identified were, blaCTX-M-15 (69%), blaCTX-M-55 (29%) and blaCTX-M-1 (1.8%). IncHI2, IncFIB, IncFIC, IncN and IncX4 were found to be the most common Inc-types found both in donors and in transconjugants and were associated with the transfer of the mcr-1 and ESBL encoding genes. Six strains carried a total of five different plasmids: approximately 97-, 130-, 160-, 227- and 242-kb plasmids.Conclusion: The coexistence of the mcr-1- and blaCTX-M-15-carrying isolates displaying high MDR, recovered from E. coli of pig origin, is a major concern for both humans and veterinary medicine.Keywords: E. coli, colistin, mcr-1, ESBL, coexistence

Knowledge about genetic composition of a character helps plant breeders to plan their breeding programs. Grain yield and related traits are very important in maize breeding programs. In our experiment four each of parents, F1s, F2s, BC1s and BC2s were evaluated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshehra and Agriculture University Peshawar. The experimental material at both locations were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. In all crosses dominance gene action was found to be important in the inheritance of ear diameter, ear length, percent shelling and grain yield. Additive genetic effects were found negative and non-significant in all four crosses for percent shelling. Duplicate type of non-allelic interactions was observed for shelling percentage in all crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in cross, PS-1 × BD-1 and PS-2 × BD-1 for ear length. For grain yield both complementary and duplicate type of epistasis were observed. Additive genetic effects werefound significant with positive and negative magnitude in two crosses each. It is concluded that crosses, where dominant gene action was found predominant, should be effectively utilized in hybrid maize programs for improved grain yield and related traits.

Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman,1 Ling Zhang,2 Lingyan Wu,1 Yuqiong Xie,1 Chunchun Li,1 Jiang Cao1 1Clinical Research Center, 2Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Severe side effects are major problems with chemotherapy of gastric cancer (GC). These side effects can be reduced by using sensitizing agents in combination with therapeutic drugs. In this study, the low/nontoxic dosage of glaucocalyxin B (GLB) was used with other DNA linker agents mitomycin C (MMC), cisplatin (DDP), or cyclophosphamide (CTX) to treat GC cells. Combined effectiveness of GLB with drugs was determined by proliferation assay. The molecular mechanisms associated with cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, DNA repair/replication, apoptosis, and autophagy were investigated by immunoblotting for key proteins involved. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were performed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species level was also examined for identification of its role in apoptosis. Proliferation assay revealed that the addition of 5 µM GLB significantly sensitizes gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells to MMC, DDP, and CTX by decreasing half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) by up to 75.40%±5%, 45.10%±5%, and 52.10%±5%, respectively. GLB + drugs decreased the expression level of proteins involved in proliferation and migration, suggesting the anticancer potential of GLB + drugs. GLB + MMC, GLB + CTX, and GLB + DDP arrest the cells in G0/G1 and G1/S phase, respectively, which may be the consequence of significant decrease in the level of enzymes responsible for DNA replication and telomerase shortening. Combined use of GLB with these drugs also induces DNA damage and apoptosis by activating caspase/PARP pathways and increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased autophagy in GC cells. GLB dosage sensitizes GC cells to the alkylating agents via arresting the cell cycle and enhancing cell death. This is of significant therapeutic importance in the reduction of side effects associated with these drugs. Keywords: glaucocalyxin B, mitomycin C, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, DNA linkers, side effects, gastric cancer

This study was conducted in four districts (Malakand, Swat, Bajaur and Shangla) of Northern Pakistan to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and phylogenetic analyses of Theileria and Anaplasma species in small ruminants. A total of 800 blood samples, 200 from each district, were collected from apparently healthy animals. PCR assays were performed using generic primers for Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. as well as species specific primers for A. ovis and T. ovis. Overall infection prevalence was 361/800 (45.1%). Theileria spp. infection prevalence (187/800, 23.3%) was higher than Anaplasma spp. (174/800, 21.7%). Amplified partial 18S rRNA genes were sequenced and enrolled animals were found to be infected by T. ovis (115/800, 14.3%), and at least two more Theileria species (72/800, 9%) were present (T. lestoquardi and T. annulata). All blood samples that were found to be positive for Anaplasma spp. were also positive for A. ovis. Infection prevalence was higher in sheep (227/361, 28.3%) compared to goats (134/361, 16.6%) (p

Abstract Transition metal-catalyzed addition of organometallics to aryl(alkyl)alkynes has been well known to proceed with the regioselectivity in forming a carbon–carbon bond at the alkyl-substituted carbon (β-addition). Herein, the reverse regiochemistry with high selectivity in giving 1,1-diarylalkenes (α-addition) was realized in the reaction of arylboronic acids with aryl(alkyl)alkynes by use of a rhodium catalyst coordinated with a chiral diene ligand, whereas the arylation of the same alkynes proceeded with the usual regioselectivity (β-addition) in the presence of a rhodium/DM-BINAP catalyst. The regioselectivity can be switched by the choice of ligands on the rhodium catalysts. This reverse regioselectivity also enabled the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of phoenix-like axially chiral alkylidene dihydroanthracenes with high enantioselectivity through an α-addition/1,4-migration/cyclization sequence.

Background and Aim: Avian influenza is a global threat to avian species, particularly in developing countries. Recombinant vaccines, including virus-like particles (VLPs), are promising strategies for preventing the spread of the disease. VLPs produced through the self-assembly of viral structural proteins without genomic material mimic native virions and are promising platforms for new vaccines. VLPs have been shown to elicit protective antibodies and are effective and safe vaccines against influenza. This study aimed to optimize the protocol for the production and characterization of H9N2 VLPs and their evaluation as a vaccine in broiler birds. Materials and Methods: Low-pathogenic influenza virus (LPAI) H9N2 was isolated and characterized through whole-genome sequencing, and a VLP-based vaccine for LPAI H9N2 was prepared using a baculovirus expression system. Codon-optimized hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and M1 were successfully cloned in pFastbac1 and expressed in SF9 cells. Proteins were characterized using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western blotting, and electron microscopy after purification. Semi-purified proteins were tested as a vaccine in broiler chickens challenged with LPAI H9N2. Results: Recombinant Bacmid DNA from positive clones was extracted and confirmed using a polymerase chain reaction. The transfection showed cytopathic effects, and the proteins were confirmed through western blotting and SDS-PAGE, which showed the sizes of HA = 62–64 KD, NA = 52 KD, and M1 = 25 KD. The shape and morphology were confirmed through transmission electron microscopy which revealed 100–150 nm size particles. As a result, the semi-purified VLPs (HA assay: 256) were tested as a vaccine for specific-pathogen free broiler birds; administered through subcutaneous and intranasal routes. The birds were challenged on the 28th day after vaccination with the H9N2 strain, and the birds showed significant cross-reactivity with the H9N2 strain. Conclusion: The semi-purified VLP-based vaccine induced a significant immune response in vivo. This vaccine formulation has the potential to control avian influenza outbreaks in Pakistan’s poultry industry.

Leaves are the main organ for photosynthesis and organic synthesis in cotton. Leaf shape has important effects on photosynthetic efficiency and canopy formation, thereby affecting cotton yield. Previous studies have shown that LMI1 (LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY1) is the main gene regulating leaf shape. In this study, the LMI1 gene was inserted into the 35S promoter expression vector, and cotton plants overexpressing LMI1 (OE) were obtained through genetic transformation. Statistical analysis of the biological traits of the T1 and T2 populations showed that compared to the wild type (WT), OE plants had significantly larger leaves, thicker stems and significantly greater dry weight. Furthermore, plant sections of the main vein and petiole showed that the numbers of cells in those tissues of OE plants were significantly greater. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed the differential expression of genes related to gibberellin synthesis and NAC gene family (genes containing the NAC domain) between the OE and WT plants, suggesting that LMI1 is involved in secondary wall formation and cell proliferation, which promotes stem thickening. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment in the terms of calcium ion binding, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed enrichment in the terms of fatty acid degradation, phosphatidylinositol signal transduction system, and cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) signal pathway. These results suggested that LMI1 OE plants are responsive to gibberellin hormone signals, and have altered messenger signals (cAMP, Ca2+) which amplify this function, to promote stronger aboveground vegetative growth. This study found the LMI1 greatly increased the vegetative growth in cotton, which is the basic requirement for higher yield.

Abstract Background Cotton is one of the topmost fiber crops throughout the globe. During the last decade, abrupt changes in the climate resulted in drought, heat, and salinity. These stresses have seriously affected cotton production and significant losses all over the textile industry. The GhAGC kinase, a subfamily of AGC group and member of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases group and is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. The AGC kinases are compulsory elements of cell development, metabolic processes, and cell death in mammalian systems. The investigation of RNA editing sites within the organelle genomes of multicellular vascular plants, such as Gossypium hirsutum holds significant importance in understanding the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Methods In present work, we characterized twenty-eight GhAGC genes in cotton and constructed phylogenetic tree using nine different species from the most primitive to the most recent. Results In sequence logos analyses, highly conserved amino acid residues were found in G. hirsutum, G. arboretum, G. raimondii and A. thaliana. The occurrence of cis-acting growth and stress-related elements in the promoter regions of GhAGCs highlight the significance of these factors in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Ka/Ks levels demonstrated that purifying selection pressure resulting from segmental events was applied to GhAGC with little functional divergence. We focused on identifying RNA editing sites in G. hirsutum organelles, specifically in the chloroplast and mitochondria, across all 28 AGC genes. Conclusion The positive role of GhAGCs was explored by quantifying the expression in the plant tissues under abiotic stress. These findings help in understanding the role of GhAGC genes under abiotic stresses which may further be used in cotton breeding for the development of climate smart varieties in abruptly changing climate.

Malaria, anemia, and malnutrition are global health challenges with significant morbidity and mortality, and higher rates among children particularly in Africa. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of malaria infection, anemia, and malnutrition among school-going children of Charsadda (a city of Khyber, Pakistan). A total of 400 children of aged 5-10 years were included in the study in 2023. Malaria infection was confirmed by rapid diagnostic tests. Hematocrit level was obtained using a centrifuge microhematocrit and converted to hemoglobin using standard conversion. Nutritional status was determined by the anthropometric measurements, and demographic characteristics were obtained by questionnaire. Anemia and malnutrition were defined according to the World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between the predictor variables and primary outcomes. In current research work 400 children were selected for the assessment of malaria and nutritional status, malaria infection was found more frequent among the students 120(12%). In addition, high prevalence of anemia 105(10.5%), malnutrition 90(9%), and stunting 70(7%) was observed, while wasting 2(0.2%) and underweight 20(2%0 had very low frequency. Malaria infection, anemia, and malnutrition were observed in12%, 10.5% and 9% of the children population, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the current health problems among the school-going children of district Charsadda the prevalence of malaria, anemia and malnutrition and their co-existence in children 5-10 years.

In applied and computational mathematics, quaternions are fundamental in representing three-dimensional rotations. However, specific types of quaternionic linear matrix equations remain few explored. This study introduces new quaternionic linear matrix equations and their necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability. We employ a methodology involving lemmas and ranks of coefficient matrices to develop a novel algorithm. This algorithm is validated through numerical examples, showing its applications in advanced fields. In control theory, these equations are used for analyzing control systems, particularly for spacecraft attitude control in aerospace engineering and for control of arms in robotics. In quantum computing, quaternionic equations model quantum gates and transformations, which are important for algorithms and error correction, contributing to the development of fault-tolerant quantum computers. In signal processing, these equations enhance multidimensional signal filtering and noise reduction, with applications in color image processing and radar signal analysis. We extend our study to include cases of $ \eta $-Hermitian and i-Hermitian solutions. Our work represents an advancement in applied mathematics, providing computational methods for solving quaternionic matrix equations and expanding their practical applications.

Abstract We present a new selective Metamaterial Perfect Absorber (MPA) consisting of zinc oxide embedded silver (Ag@ZnO), designed for applications in infrared stealth technology. The numerical simulation included a wide frequency range from 1 to 1000 THz and shows that the design MPA structure presented two absorption peaks at the desired wavelengths of 1.7 µm and 6.5 µm. The absorptivity of both peaks reached approximately 93.1% and 93.5%. The first peak at 1.7 µm decreases the scattering of IR laser beams from the surface of the MPA structure and also lowers the infrared tracks that could direct laser-guided devices to its specific target. On the other hand, the second peak reduces the surface heat wave. The suggested MPA (Ag@ZnO) structure is activated by a plane wave using a full wave vector and a broad frequency domain solution. In the framework of computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio, uses both Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) and Finite-Element-Method (FEM) techniques to predict the optical behavior of the proposed MPA structure. Both peaks achieved a high value of absorptivity due to the simultaneous excitation of the electric and magnetic dipole at resonance wavelength.

Abstract Background Bt technology has played significant role in controlling bollworms and increasing cotton yield in earlier days of its introduction, a subsequent decline in yield became apparent over time. This decline may be attributed to various environmental factors, pest dynamics, or combination of both. Therefore, the present biophysical survey and questionnaire were designed to evaluate the impact of Bt cotton on bollworms management and its effect on reducing spray costs, targeting farmers with varied landholdings and educational backgrounds. Additionally, data on farmers' cultivated varieties and the prevalence of bollworms and sucking insects in their fields were recorded. Subsequently, about eleven thousand cotton samples from farmer fields were tested for Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab and Vip3A genes by strip test. Results In this analysis, 83% of the farmers planting approved varieties believe that Bt technology control bollworms, while 17% hold contradictory views. Similarly, among farmers cultivating unapproved varieties, 77% agree on effectiveness of Bt technology against bollworms, while 23% disagree. On the other hand, 67% of farmers planting approved varieties believe that Bt technology does not reduce spray costs, while 33% agree with the effectiveness. Similarly, 78% of farmers cultivating unapproved varieties express doubt regarding its role to reduce spray costs, while 22% are in favour of this notion. Differences in opinions on the effectiveness of Bt cotton in controlling bollworms and reducing spray cost between farmers planting unapproved and approved varieties may stem from several factors. One major cause is the heavy infestation of sucking insects, which is probably due to the narrow genetic variation of the cultivated varieties. Additionally, the widespread cultivation of unapproved varieties (21.67%) is also an important factor to cause different opinions on the effectiveness of Bt cotton. Conclusion Based on our findings, we propose that the ineffective control of pests on cotton crop may be attributed to large scale cultivation of unapproved varieties and non-inclusion of double and triple transgene technologies in country’s sowing plan. On the basis of our findings, we suggest cotton breeders, regulatory bodies and legislative bodies to discourage the cultivation of unapproved varieties and impure seed. Moreover, the adoption of double and triple Bt genes in cottons with a broad genetic variation could facilitate the revival of the cotton industry, and presenting a promising way forward.

Samira S Bamuhair,1 Ali I Al Farhan,1,2 Alaa Althubaiti,1 Saeed ur Rahman,1,2 Hanan M Al-Kadri1,3 1College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, 2Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Background and aims: Information on the effect of students' class attendance on examination performance in a problem-based learning medical curriculum is limited. This study investigates the impact of different educational activities on students' academic performance in a problem-based learning curriculum. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted on the cardiology block at the College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All students who undertook the cardiology block during the academic year 2011–2012 were included. The students' attendance was measured using their overall attendance percentage. This percentage is a product of their attendance of many activities throughout the block. The students' performance was assessed by the final mark obtained, which is a product of many assessment elements. Statistical correlation between students' attendance and performance was established. Results: A total of 127 students were included. The average lecture attendance rate for the medical students in this study was found to be 86%. A significant positive correlation was noted between the overall attendance and the accumulated students' block mark (r=0.52; P

Background: The increasing prevalence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) language models, exemplified by ChatGPT, has sparked inquiries into their influence on creative writing skills in educational contexts. This study aims to quantitatively investigate whether ChatGPT's use negatively affects university students' creative writing abilities, focusing on originality, content presentation, accuracy, and elaboration in essays. The research adopts an experimental approach to shed light on this concern. Objective: This study aims to quantitatively investigate whether the utilization of ChatGPT, an AI chatbot, adversely affects specific dimensions of creative writing skills among university students, with an emphasis on originality, content presentation, accuracy, and elaboration. Method: The experimental study involves 600 students from 10 universities, divided into a control and an experimental group (EGp). The EGp incorporates ChatGPT in their creative writing process as an intervention. The study evaluates originality, content presentation, accuracy, and elaboration, utilizing the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for analysis. Results and Conclusion: The findings reveal a detrimental association between ChatGPT use and university students' creative writing abilities. Analysing both machine-based and human-based assessments substantiates earlier qualitative observations regarding ChatGPT's adverse impact on creative writing. This study highlights the necessity of approaching AI integration, particularly in creative writing disciplines, with caution. While AI tools have merits, their integration should be thoughtful, considering the potential drawbacks. These insights inform future research and educational practices, guiding the effective incorporation of AI while nurturing students' writing skills.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the longitudinal association of perceived stress, ikigai, and having someone one can count on in middle age with the advanced-level functional competency in older age, which is crucial for the maintenance of independent life among older adults. The issue is especially relevant in super-aged countries like contemporary Japan, where more and more older people live in a household consisting only of older people. METHODS: Data were collected in 2019 from a total of 1692 retirees of the Aichi Workers Cohort Study participants in which baseline survey including psychological factors was conducted during their employment in 2002. Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (JST-IC) was used to measure the advanced-level functional competency. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were obtained for having low JST-IC in later life by the degrees of psychological factors reported in the middle age adjusting for the presence of depressive mood in 2019. RESULTS: Those who were not sure about ikigai (OR: 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.33 to 3.08) and who have no one to count on (OR: 2.19, 95 % CI: 1.52 to 3.16) in the middle age were significantly associated with low JST-IC after retirement. Having much stress was significantly inversely associated with a low JST-IC (OR: 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.50 to 0.97). CONCLUSION: Having ikigai and someone reliable, and stress during middle age might play a role in preventing impaired advanced-level functional competency. Improved ikigai and increased social interaction and support might improve functional competency. Further research might explore avenues for improving ikigai.

Post-disaster functionality of the potable water supply infrastructure is crucial for maintaining public health and safety. The failure of the water supply system may harm inhabitants and significant users, which can impact other services and various types of infrastructures. It is vital to assess climate change impacts on water resources to ensure resilience and sustainable management. The study assessed the resilience of 22 municipal water schemes using an indicator-based framework, How Tough is Wash (HTIW), across six domains: environment, infrastructure, community governance, water supply management, supply chains, and institutional support. The sites of municipal water supply were purposively selected based on specific criteria to include those water supply schemes which have been directly affected by flooding or are vulnerable to the impact of the flood. The resilience scores ranged from (6 to 7.5) for schemes with very low resilience, (7.5 to 10.5) for those classified as poor, and (10.6 to 16.5) for schemes considered moderately resilient. It was discovered that protective measures against the risk of flood were negligible. Community engagement governance and water supply management needed to be stronger. Local governments can pinpoint current advantages and disadvantages by utilizing these metrics and their impact on the public water supply's resilience and strategically allocate resources for optimal outcomes. Furthermore, the metrics that have been suggested simplify and unify the multiple dimensions of the elements, enabling decision-makers to optimize the measures.

ABSTRACTThe present research investigated the effectiveness of cumin and black cumin extracts as natural antioxidants in uncooked chicken nuggets stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C) for 12 days and compared the results with a control treatment. Seven treatments were formulated, including a control group (Tc), T1 (0.5% cumin), T2 (1% cumin), T3 (1.5% cumin), T4 (0.5% black cumin), T5 (1% black cumin), and T6 (1.5% black cumin). The product was evaluated for several physicochemical parameters on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 of storage. The data was analyzed using a two-way factorial design under a completely randomized (CRD) design. Results showed that both treatments and storage significantly impacted all physicochemical properties, including DPPH, TPC, pH, POV, and TBARS (p 0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that T3 (1.5% cumin) was the most pleasant and preferred treatment. Conclusively, both cumin and black cumin have good antioxidant properties and can be used as natural antioxidants to increase the shelf life of food products.