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Studies on length-weight relationships are of great importance in fishery assessments. These studies are substantial to evaluate fish population dynamics, and in communion with the relative condition factor, could provide an estimation of potential acting environmental conditions. In this paper, we evaluated the length weight relationship and relative condition factor of small sized fish species. Fish were sampled quarterly between the years 2012-2013 and 2018-2020 in lagoons and tributaries of Rosana and Taquaruçu reservoirs, located at the lower Paranapanema River basin, Brazil. The standard length (SL) in millimeters and weight (W) in grams were measured, and the length-weight relationship was calculated using linear regression analysis (W = log (a) + b log (SL)). After, the relative condition factor (Kn) was calculated from the expression We = a.SLb. Thus, the length-weight relationships of 31 species were calculated in each environment considered, giving rise to 74 population allometric coefficients (b) and relative condition factors (Kn). As result, 24 b coefficients were concentrated between 2.5 and 3.5 and seven were out of the confidence interval, while the 74 Kn values demonstrated close to the central mean and not statistical different. Our results are relevant to the conservation of fish fauna, improving knowledge regarding small-sized fish and those living environment.

Hypostomus is the most specious genus of Hypostominae, composed of several species with high intraspecific morphological and color pattern variation, making their identification a complex issue. One of the species with problematic identification is Hypostomus tietensis that was described from a single specimen, resulting in uncertainties about its color pattern and correct identification. To assist in this context, cytogenetic analyzes were carried out in three putative populations of H. tietensis from the Upper Paraná River basin, one of them from the type locality. The three populations showed considerable cytogenetic differences, with 2n = 72 chromosomes for the population from the type locality and 2n = 76 chromosomes for the others. Terminal NORs were detected (Ag- and 18S rDNA-FISH), being simple for the type locality population (acrocentric pair 23, long arm) and the Pirapó River (subtelocentric pair 11, short arm), and multiple for Do Campo River (subtelocentric pairs 11 and 12, short and long arm, respectively). C-banding was efficient in differentiating the type locality population from the others. Cytogenetic data revealed that populations from Pirapó and Do Campo rivers, although treated until now as Hypostomus aff. tietensis, represent a cryptic species, and those morphological analyses are necessary to differentiate and for describing this new species. Resumo Hypostomus é o gênero mais especioso de Hypostominae, composto por várias espécies com uma alta variação tanto morfológica, como no padrão de coloração intraespecífica, tornando sua identificação uma questão complexa. Uma das espécies com identificação complexa é Hypostomus tietensis, a qual foi descrita a partir de um único espécime, resultando em incertezas sobre o seu padrão de cor e identificação. Para auxiliar nesse contexto, análises citogenéticas foram realizadas em três populações putativas de H. tietensis da bacia do Alto rio Paraná, sendo uma delas da localidade tipo. As três populações apresentaram diferenças citogenéticas consideráveis, com 2n = 72 cromossomos para a população da localidade tipo e as demais com 2n = 76. RONs terminais foram detectadas (Ag- e FISH-DNAr 18S), sendo simples para a população da localidade tipo (par acrocêntrico 23, braço longo) e do rio Pirapó (par subtelocêntrico 11, braço curto) e múltiplas para rio Do Campo (pares subtelocêntricos 11 e 12, braço curto e longo, respectivamente), confirmado pela FISH-DNAr 18S. O bandamento C foi eficiente em diferenciar a população da localidade tipo das demais. Os dados citogenéticos revelaram que as populações dos rios Pirapó e do rio Do Campo, embora tratadas até agora como Hypostomus aff. tietensis, representam uma espécie críptica, e que análises morfológicas são necessárias para diferenciar e descrever esta nova espécie.

Understanding the potential distribution of non-native species can be an important tool in preventing biological invasions. We recorded for the first time Psellogrammus kennedyi, a small non-native characiform, in the Lower Paranapanema River, Brazil. According to environmental variables and prediction modeling, the species presents high potential distribution in the Upper Paraná river basin. The model used herein is an efficient tool to determine where non-native species may be able to establish. This approach can be used as a preventive measure, once the control and eradication measures are often ineffective and uneconomical.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:46:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-02 A new species of Phenacorhamdia is described from Paranapanema River, Upper Paraná River basin, southeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from congeners by the combination of following characters 45-46 vertebrae; an entirely dark-brown body; nine pleural ribs; eight branched rays in upper lobe of caudal fin; seven branched rays in pectoral fin; 13 anal-fin rays with 9-10 branched; first basal radial inserted at the 13th vertebrae and eight branchiostegal rays. Laboratório de Ictiologia Setor de Zoologia Campus de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista IBB/UNESP Laboratório de Ictiologia Setor de Zoologia Campus de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista IBB/UNESP

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No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Empreendimentos hidroelétricos podem desencadear alterações no ciclo hidrológico, desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas aquáticos e facilitar a introdução de espécies de peixes não-nativas. Contudo, essas espécies também podem apresentar grande representatividade na pesca artesanal e esportiva, tornando-se uma importante fonte de renda local. Dessa forma, o estudo de espécies não-nativas, suas origens, hábitos e posições tróficas, além de suas habilidades que garantem a permanência e o sucesso no estabelecimento em novos ambientes, são relevantes. Dentre tais espécies não-nativas, Geophagus sveni destaca-se como uma das espécies mais importantes para pesca artesanal na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e correlacionar a composição alimentar, composição bromatológica do tecido muscular, perfil de ácidos graxos do tecido muscular e hepático, além de identificar possíveis parasitos musculares em G. sveni nos períodos chuvoso e seco, no reservatório de Jupiá, alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Foram realizadas duas coletas, uma ao final do período chuvoso (março/2018) e outra ao final do período seco (agosto/2018), no reservatório de Jupiá (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). Os espécimes coletados foram eutanasiados e, em seguida, tiveram mensuradas massa total, comprimento padrão e o sexo determinado visualmente. Geophagus sveni apresentou hábito alimentar detritívoro, além de plasticidade e oportunismo trófico. Sua composição alimentar foi significativamente diferente entre os períodos avaliados, adicionalmente, a composição bromatológica apresentou diferenças significativas entre os períodos e entre os sexos. De forma geral, o tecido muscular foi considerado magro, com menor percentual de lipídeos e maior de proteína bruta. Para o perfil de ácidos graxos avaliado, apenas o do tecido muscular apresentou diferenças significativas entre os períodos chuvoso e seco. Tais resultados sugerem que flutuações sazonais influenciam diretamente a disponibilidade de recursos e consumo de itens alimentares de diversas fontes por G. sveni, o que altera os padrões de incorporação nutricional no tecido muscular da espécie. Além disso, não foram encontrados parasitos intramusculares nos espécimes avaliados, o que confirma que G. sveni, por ser introduzido no reservatório de Jupiá, pode beneficiar-se da Teoria do Escape do Inimigo. Dessa maneira, por ser uma das espécies mais capturadas pela pesca artesanal na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo e apresentar equilibrado valor energético e nutricional, além de ausência de parasitos no tecido muscular, G. sveni pode ser considerada uma boa fonte de proteína animal baseado nas avaliações realizadas. Hydroelectric developments can trigger changes in the hydrological cycle, imbalance in aquatic ecosystems and facilitate the introduction of non-native fish species. However, these species can also be highly representative in artisanal and sport fishing, becoming an important source of local income. Thus, the study of non-native species, their origins, habits and trophic positions, in addition to their skills that guarantee permanence and success in the establishment of new environments, are relevant. Among these non-native species, Geophagus sveni is provided as one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo. This study aimed to characterize and correlate the food composition, the bromatological composition of muscle tissue, the fatty acid profile of the muscle and liver tissue, in addition to identifying possible muscle parasites of Geophagus sveni in the rainy and dry periods, in the Jupiá reservoir, on the Paraná River, Brazil. Two collections were made, one at the end of the rainy period (March/2018) and another at the end of the dry period (August/2018), at the Jupiá reservoir (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). The collected specimens were euthanized and, afterwards, total mass and standard length were measured, as well as sex determined visually. Geophagus sveni presented detritivorous eating habits, in addition to plasticity and trophic opportunism. Their food composition was significantly different only between the periods evaluated, while their bromatological composition showed significant differences between periods and between sexes. In general, muscle tissue was considered lean, with a lower percentage of lipids and higher of crude protein. For the fatty acid profile evaluated, only the muscle tissue showed significant differences between the rainy and dry periods. Such results suggest that seasonal fluctuations directly influence the availability of resources and consumption of food items from different sources by G. sveni, which alters the patterns of nutritional incorporation in the muscle tissue of the species. Furthermore, intramuscular parasites were not found in the evaluated specimens, which confirms that G. sveni, being introduced in the Jupiá reservoir, can benefit from the Enemy Escape Theory. Thus, as it is one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo and has a balanced energy and nutritional value, in addition to the absence of parasites in the muscle tissue, G. sveni can be considered a good source of protein, based on the evaluations performed. CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2018/00281-3

OKADA, Edson Kiyoshi; AGOSTINHO, Angelo Antonio; PETRERE JUNIOR, Miguel; PENCZAK, Tadeusz. Factors affecting fish diversity and abundance in drying ponds and lagoons in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. International Journal of Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, Warsaw, v.3, no.1, p. 97-110, 2003. Monthly samples were taken from April 1992 to March 1993 of fish assemblages present in six permanent lagoons and four ponds, fragmented from them during the drought period and during the terminal phases of desiccation, to evaluate changes in their diversity, abundance and dominance. Their relationships with hydrological and environment conditions were examined. A total of 63 fish species were identified. Species composition and abiotic factors were heterogeneous among the different water bodies. The proportion of piscivores and oxygen concentration were the determining factors for structuring the assemblages. The impact of piscivory upon fish diversity was neutral at the beginning and negative at the end of the dry season. In the terminal phase of desiccation, diversity was higher in ponds that contained a moderate proportion of piscivores than in these containing a higher proportion.

Several studies of small watersheds of in the Upper Paraná River basin are currently available. Howev-er, the number and extent of its tributary streams still pose a challenge to enhancing current knowledge of their ichthyofauna. This study aimed to survey the fish fauna of three streams of the Lower Paranapanema River basin, state of Paraná, Brazil (Capim, Tenente and Centenário streams). The sampling included 3,167 specimens belonging to five orders, 17 families and 56 species. The streams presented differences in species richness (Centenário Stream: 41 species; Tenente Stream: 33 species; Capim Stream: 30 species). Two species occurred at all collection sites (Astyanax bockmanni and Hypostomus ancistroides). Nine non-native species were recorded, four of them found exclusive-ly in the Centenário Stream.

This study investigates the distribution and structure of the assemblages of fishes in tributaries of middle and lower sections of Tibagi river basin. The samples were conducted quarterly from December 2013 through December 2014, in 24 sampling sites of 8 tributaries. A total of 5643 individuals belonging to 44 species distributed in 13 families and 5 orders are reported. The families Characidae, Loricariidae, and Heptapteridae were predominant; Astyanax paranae, Phalloceros harpagos, Piabina argentea, Astyanax bockmanni, and Trichomycterus davisi were the most abundant species. Four non-native species were collected: Coptodon rendalli, Poecilia reticulata, Xiphophorus hellerii, and Oreochromis niloticus. The fish fauna of the middle and lower sections of Tibagi river basin has previously been threatened by human activities such as urbanization, industry, agriculture, and currently with dam construction.

Knowledge of the fish species in river basins is among the minimum requirements for the management of water and fish resources. Therefore, the aim of this study was to update the fish species composition of the Piquiri River basin, upper Paraná River basin. Data were gathered from recent information published in specialized literature and records for ichthyology collections. This update reports the occurrence of 152 fish species distributed in 8 orders, 31 families, and 89 genera. Non-native species accounted for 20% of all species, and the construction of the Itaipu Power Plant and its fish ladder were the main vectors of introduction. Three percent of the species were endangered, and 11% were classified as migratory. The Piquiri River basin harbors a large number of species, some of which are rare, endangered, migratory, endemic, and even unknown by science. Because of this, maintaining the integrity of this river basin will support the persistence of regional biodiversity. Resumo: O conhecimento das espécies de peixes existentes em uma bacia hidrográfica é condição mínima necessária para a implantação de qualquer medida de manejo dos recursos hídricos e pesqueiros. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma atualização da composição das espécies de peixes da bacia do rio Piquiri, sistema do alto rio Paraná, proveniente de recentes informações contidas em estudos divulgados na literatura especializada e registros de espécies depositadas em coleções ictiológicas. A atualização do levantamento ictiofaunístico da bacia do rio Piquiri revelou a ocorrência de 152 espécies, as quais foram distribuídas em oito ordens, 31 famílias e 89 gêneros. Vinte por cento das espécies foram consideradas não nativas. O principal vetor de introdução foi a construção da barragem de Itaipu e seu sistema de transposição. Três por cento das espécies apresentaram alguma ameaça de extinção e 11% foram classificadas como migradoras. A bacia do rio Piquiri comporta grande número de espécies, algumas delas raras, ameaçadas de extinção, migradoras, endêmicas e até mesmo desconhecidas pela ciência. Dessa forma, a manutenção da integridade da bacia promoverá a persistência da biodiversidade regional.

The reproduction of freshwater fish occurs annually in environments that provide favorable environmental conditions for spawning and subsequent survival and growth of their larvae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of larvae Salminus brasiliensis in order to understand the intra and interannual variations in their abundance and the influence of environmental variables on reproduction. Samples were collected at different biotypes (river, backwater and lagoon) of Ivinheima River floodplain of the upper Paraná River, Brazil. At the same time, were obtained temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, river level and rainfall. The larvae of S. brasiliensis were captured mainly in the months of October and January, the biotope river and backwater and no significant difference in relation to its vertical and nycterohemeral. It is estimated that this species can migrate over 200 km to reproduce in the river Ivinheima and its tributaries as the river Guiraí. The temperature, the river level, pH and dissolved oxygen were the main variables that influence the larvae density. The importance of maintaining this last damming free lotic and is essential for the maintenance of natural stocks, especially of S. brasiliensis, because mechanisms such as intensity of flooding and delay flooding are factors that act directly on the reproductive success of the species and depend on these natural conditions. Salminus brasiliensis is a key species to propose management and conservation measures for all fish population, once guaranteed the reproductive success of this species, other migratory and sedentary species will also benefit. A reprodução de peixes de água doce ocorre anualmente em ambientes que proporcionam condições ambientais favoráveis para a desova e, posterior sobrevivência e crescimento de suas larvas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição espacial e temporal de larvas de Salminus brasiliensis, a fim de compreender as variações intra e interanual de sua abundância e a influências de variáveis ambientais sobre a reprodução. As coletas foram realizadas em diferentes biótopos (rio, remanso e lagoa) do rio Ivinheima, planície alagável do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Concomitantemente, foram obtidas a temperatura, o oxigênio dissolvido, o pH, a condutividade elétrica, o nível fluviométrico e a precipitação. As larvas de S. brasiliensis foram capturadas principalmente nos meses de outubro e janeiro, nos biótopos rio e remanso e não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação a sua distribuição vertical e nictemeral. Estima-se que esta espécie possa migrar acima de 200 km para se reproduzir no rio Ivinheima e em seus tributários como o rio Guiraí. A temperatura, o nível fluviométrico, o pH e o oxigênio dissolvido foram as principais variáveis que influenciaram na densidade de larvas. A importância da manutenção deste último trecho lótico livre de represamento é essencial para a manutenção dos estoques naturais, sobretudo de S. brasiliensis, pois os mecanismos como intensidade de inundação e atraso de cheias são fatores que agem diretamente no sucesso reprodutivo da espécie e dependem destas condições naturais. Salminus brasiliensis é uma espécie-chave para propor medidas de manejo e conservação para toda fauna ictiológica, uma vez que garantido o sucesso reprodutivo desta espécie, as demais espécies migradoras e sedentárias também serão beneficiadas. 36 f

Spatial and temporal variations in food supply play a crucial role in the determination of the patterns of food use by fish species. This study evaluated spatial and temporal variations in food utilization by small fish species of the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Samplings were conducted in the rainy and dry periods, from November 2010 to August 2012, using trawls, cast nets and gillnets, in nine sampling sites grouped into three biotopes: upstream and downstream of the Branca Waterfall, and tributary. The stomach contents of 3,263 individuals of 12 small species were examined according to the volumetric method. Altogether, 31 food items were identified. Overall seed consumption was greater in the rainy period, and the consumption of terrestrial plants was greater in the dry period. Hymenoptera was an important item in the diet, but the proportions in the consumption of this item was different between biotopes and periods. The consumption of Coleoptera and Isoptera was expressive only downstream of the Branca Waterfall in the rainy period, and aquatic plant was mostly consumed in the tributary in the dry period. Significant differences were detected in the diet composition between biotopes, hydrological periods and also the interaction between these two factors. Allochthonous resources were clearly the most consumed by the species in all biotopes, especially during the rainy period. The dietary overlap between species, although showing significant spatial and temporal differences, was low (0.4) for about 60% of species pairs. Thus, it is concluded that spatial and temporal changes in the utilization of food resources by small fish were related to physiographic differences of the channel and the surroundings, which contributed to the significance of seasonal changes in the diet, also reflecting the low dietary overlap between species.

This study aimed to characterize the reproductive strategies of fish from first order streams. Samplings were performed every three months from June 2008 to March 2009, using electric fishing at three streams: Conceição, Scherer and Jurema, located in the municipalities of Diamante do Norte and Amaporã, Paraná State, Brazil. We obtained the total weight (g), standard or total length (cm), sex and maturation stage for each specimen. Limnological data were obtained with portable equipments. The minimum length at first maturation was established for each population, and reproduction period was determined by analyzing the distribution of maturation stages. The sex ratio was obtained and tested (X2) for significant differences. Eight species were analyzed and they responded differently to environmental pressures, reflected in the ratio between males and females, and in different reproductive strategies adopted. The streams were used as spawning ground in September and rest and recruitment areas in December and March, due to changes in the limnological parameters that signalize favorable periods for reproduction. We conclude that the protection provided by preserved riparian vegetation encourage the uptake of food by fishes and maintain their general physical characteristics, promoting the diversification in tactics found.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:28:39Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84874678861.pdf: 2359509 bytes, checksum: 9a09e1d02cf4d5942469ea1463918f74 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:28:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-09 Background: The megadiverse Neotropical freshwater ichthyofauna is the richest in the world with approximately 6,000 recognized species. Interestingly, they are distributed among only 17 orders, and almost 80% of them belong to only three orders: Characiformes, Siluriformes and Perciformes. Moreover, evidence based on molecular data has shown that most of the diversification of the Neotropical ichthyofauna occurred recently. These characteristics make the taxonomy and identification of this fauna a great challenge, even when using molecular approaches. In this context, the present study aimed to test the effectiveness of the barcoding methodology (COI gene) to identify the mega diverse freshwater fish fauna from the Neotropical region. For this purpose, 254 species of fishes were analyzed from the Upper Parana River basin, an area representative of the larger Neotropical region.Results: Of the 254 species analyzed, 252 were correctly identified by their barcode sequences (99.2%). The main K2P intra- and inter-specific genetic divergence values (0.3% and 6.8%, respectively) were relatively low compared with similar values reported in the literature, reflecting the higher number of closely related species belonging to a few higher taxa and their recent radiation. Moreover, for 84 pairs of species that showed low levels of genetic divergence (2%), pointing to at least 23 strong candidates for new species.Conclusions: Our study is the first to examine a large number of freshwater fish species from the Neotropical area, including a large number of closely related species. The results confirmed the efficacy of the barcoding methodology to identify a recently radiated, megadiverse fauna, discriminating 99.2% of the analyzed species. The power of the barcode sequences to identify species, even with low interspecific divergence, gives us an idea of the distribution of inter-specific genetic divergence in these megadiverse fauna. The results also revealed hidden genetic divergences suggestive of reproductive isolation and putative cryptic speciation in some species (23 candidates for new species). Finally, our study constituted an important contribution to the international Barcoding of Life (iBOL.org) project, providing barcode sequences for use in identification of these species by experts and non-experts, and allowing them to be available for use in other applications. © 2013 Pereira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Laboratory of Biology and Genetic of Fish Department of Morphology Biosciences Institute, State University of São Paulo, São Paulo Biodiversity Institute of Ontario and Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph, Guelph, ON

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos The knowledge of the fish s diet and species abundance of a particular community allows us to identify the community s different trophic categories, as well as to infer about its structure. This knowledge may also permit to evaluate the degree of importance of trophic levels and to understand the interrelationships among the components of that community. In order to generate data for a better understanding of the relationships between the ichthyofauna components and other aquatic organisms in the community, this study aimed to characterize the trophic structure of the fish community of the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir - MG/GO, Upper Parana River basin (18° 30' 11.47"S, 49° 29' 18.78"W). The fish sampling occurred monthly from February 2007 to January 2008 and the fishes were captured using gill nets of 2 to 6.5 inches between adjacent knots placed at three sampling points of the reservoir. The biometric analyses was performed by the gauging of the total and standard length and total weight of the collected specimens. The fish stomachs were removed, weighed and fixed in 4% formaldehyde for further analysis in stereomicroscope. The data obtained during the stomach contents analysis was quantified though the Alimentary Index of Kawakami and Vazzoler, which combines the frequency of occurrence and volume of the alimentary items. The description of the species diet allowed the identification of six feeding guilds: (1) Iliophagous, (2) Carnivores-insectivores, (3) Carnivores-piscivores, (4) herbivores, (5) Omnivores, (6) Invertivores. The dietary overlap trophic web built showed interspecific interactions with 20% connectance. Eleven sub-groups or clicks were observed. The iliophagous sub-group showed no interactions with other species guilds. The bipartite network showed the generality of the food items intake of Pimelodus maculatus, the most abundant species in gill nets catches. The prey relative biomass appeared to be larger than that of the predators, this factor may be responsible for maintaining the large amount of piscivorous species found in the community. The ecosystem analyses describe and evaluate the functioning of biological systems considering productivity, interaction between communities and their functional processes. The knowledge of trophic ecology and key species connectivity indicates the paths through which the greater part of the system energy flows. This can help to identify regulatory elements of the community s structure and functioning, since it summarizes the dynamics of environmental energy transfer. A partir do conhecimento da dieta dos peixes de uma comunidade e da abundância específica, podem ser identificadas as diferentes categorias tróficas, inferir acerca da estrutura, avaliar o grau de importância dos distintos níveis tróficos e entender as interrelações entre os componentes da referida comunidade. Com a finalidade de gerar subsídios para um melhor entendimento das relações entre os componentes da ictiofauna e os demais organismos da comunidade aquática, este estudo visou caracterizar a estrutura trófica da comunidade de peixes do reservatório de Cachoeira Dourada MG/GO, na bacia do Alto Rio Paraná (18°30'11.47"S, 49°29'18.78"O). Foram realizadas coletas mensais de fevereiro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, utilizando redes de espera de 2 a 6,5 centímetros entre nós adjacentes em três pontos do reservatório. Após realizada a biometria, anotando-se o comprimento total e padrão e o peso total dos indivíduos coletados, os estômagos eram retirados pesados e fixados em formol 4% para posterior análise em esteriomicroscópio. As informações obtidas através da análise de conteúdo estomacal eram quantificadas através do índice alimentar de Kawakami e Vazzoler, combinando a freqüência de ocorrência e o volume dos itens. A descrição da dieta das espécies permitiu identificar seis guildas tróficas: (1) Iliófagos; (2) Carnívoros-insetívoros; (3) Carnívoros-piscívoros; (4) Herbívoros; (5) Onívoros; (6) Invertívoros. A teia trófica construída com base na sobreposição alimentar apresentou interações interespecíficas com conectância de 20%. São observados 11 sub-grupos ou cliques, sendo que o sub-grupo formado pelos iliófagos não apresentou interações com as espécies de outras guildas. A rede bipartida mostrou a generalidade na ingestão de itens alimentares por Pimelodus maculatus, espécie mais abundante nas capturas com as redes. A biomassa relativa de presas se apresentou maior que a dos predadores, fator que pode ser responsável pela manutenção da grande quantidade de piscívoros encontrados. As análises ecossistêmicas descrevem e avaliam o funcionamento de sistemas biológicos considerando a produtividade, interação entre as comunidades e seus processos funcionais. O conhecimento da ecologia trófica e da conectividade das espécies-chave indicam os caminhos por onde flui a maior parte da energia do sistema. Isso pode auxiliar na identificação de elementos reguladores da estrutura e funcionamento das comunidades, já que sumariza a dinâmica da transferência de energia no ambiente.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T18:46:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:51:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1980-8976-2011-39-02-01-15.pdf: 173336 bytes, checksum: d4f67056e966c088d954faa46df97d38 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar dados referentes à alimentação, reprodução e estrutura populacional de Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae). Foram analisados 42 artigos científicos oriundos de 24 periódicos e 17 capítulos de livros entre os anos de 1951 a 2009. Esta espécie tem como localidade tipo o rio da Prata, Argentina, tendo ampla distribuição geográfica na América do Sul. Ainda, é uma das espécies mais abundantes na bacia do rio Paraná e um importante constituinte da ictiofauna de riachos, rios e represas. P. maculatus é caracterizada como espécie de hábito alimentar onívoro, com grande plasticidade alimentar, podendo se alimentar de vegetais, invertebrados, insetos e peixes. Devido a este comportamento oportunista, alguns autores relatam que P. maculatus pode explorar todos os níveis tróficos dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Também, é considerada uma espécie migratória, podendo realizar migrações de até 1.000 km. Entretanto, suas necessidades fisiológicas para obter sucesso reprodutivo são muito menores. O período de reprodução apresenta pouca variação de acordo com o ambiente, sendo sempre entre os meses de outubro a março, período chuvoso na região da bacia do alto Paraná. Baseado nestas informações, concluí-se que P. maculatus possui características que permitem um bom ajuste para diferentes condições ambientais, em diferentes locais de sua distribuição geográfica natural. The aim of this review is to present data regarding the feeding, reproduction, population structure of Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae). Forty two scientific manuscripts from 24 journals and 17 book chapters were analyzed from the years of 1951 to 2009. This species has type locality at the River Plate, Argentina, and have a wide geographical distribution in South America, being one of the most abundant species of the Paraná River basin, and an important constituent of the fish fauna of streams, rivers, and lentic waters (including large reservoirs). P. maculatus is characterized as a omnivorous species, with a large plasticity of feeding habits, being able to feed on vegetal matter, invertebrates, insects and fish. Due to this opportunistic behavior, some authors argue that P. maculatus is able to explore almost all trophic levels of aquatic freshwater ecosystems. In addition, it is considered a migratory species, able to perform migrations of up to 1,000 km; however, the physiological demands related to reproductive success are much smaller. The period of reproduction varies slightly according to the environment, but is always from October to March, a period corresponding to higher rainfall in the region of the Upper Paraná basin. Based on all information revised, P. maculatus has characteristics that allow it to adjust in different manners to environmental conditions, in different locations in natural geographical distributions. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (FEIS), Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB), Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Barra Bonita, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (FEIS), Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB), Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

We assessed the fish assemblage structure and composition of Nova Ponte Reservoir (Araguari River, Upper Paraná Basin, Brazil). We observed significant differences in abundance (p = 0.0003), richness (p = 0.0005) and diversity (p = 0.02) between lacustrine and riverine zones of the reservoir. Nine species were significantly more abundant in the riverine region: Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax gr. fasciatus, Galeocharax knerii, Hoplias intermedius, Hypostomus sp., Leporinus friderici, Leporinus obtusidens, Pimelodus maculatus and Schizodon nasutus. The results indicated a longitudinal gradient in the composition and abundance of fishes in Nova Ponte Reservoir, reinforcing the importance of freely flowing riverine reaches for conserving native neotropical ichthyofauna and reflecting the strong adaptation of these species to riverine systems. Resumo Este estudo avaliou a assembléia de peixes do reservatório de Nova Ponte (rio Araguari, bacia do Alto Paraná, Brasil), em termos de estrutura e composição. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na abundância (p = 0.0003), riqueza (p = 0.0005) e diversidade (p = 0.02) entre as zonas lacustres e fluviais do reservatório. Nove espécies foram mais abundantes na região fluvial: Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax gr. fasciatus, Galeocharax knerii, Hoplias intermedius, Hypostomus sp., Leporinus friderici, Leporinus obtusidens, Pimelodus maculatus and Schizodon nasutus. Os resultados indicaram a existência de um gradiente longitudinal na composição e abundância de peixes no reservatório de Nova Ponte. Estes padrões reforçam a importância de trechos fluviais livres de barramentos para a conservação da ictiofauna neotropical nativa e refletem a forte adaptação dessas espécies aos sistemas fluviais.