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This research presents a comprehensive study focused on the design, implementation, and analysis of an innovative fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based foot pressure assessment system. FBG sensors strategically placed on the great toe, metatarsal 1, metatarsal 2, and heel provided distinct peak resonant wavelengths, strains, and pressures during experimental cycles. Participant 1 exhibited peak resonant wavelength of 1537.745 nm for great toe, 1537.792 nm for metatarsal 1, 1537.812 nm for metatarsal 2, and 1537.824 nm for heel. Participant 2 showcased distinct graphical representations with peak resonant wavelengths ranging from 1537.903 to 1537.917 nm. In a fracture patient condition, the FBG-based system monitored weight-bearing capacity, integrated with real-time X-ray imaging for dynamic insights of rehabilitation as distinct approach. The strains and pressures at each position exhibited notable variations along with the sensitivity of 1.31με obtained across all positions, underscoring the FBG-based system's reliability in capturing subtle foot pressure., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Due to the risk of pleural injury leading to thoracic complications, many urologist still hesitate to perform supracostal puncture during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Our aim of this study was to evaluate the thoracic complications in supracostal access percutaneous nephrolithotomy., Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 101 patients who were treated with supracostal access percutaneous nephrolithotomy at our institute from September 2013 and December 2019. Indications for supracostal punctures were staghorn 28(27.7%), middle calyceal stones 10(9.9%), pelvic stones 29(28.7%), complex inferior calyceal stones 26(25.7%), upper calyceal stone 10(9.9%)and upper ureteric stone17(16.8%).The intercostal space between the 11th and 12th ribs was used in all the cases., Results: Among the 101 patients who undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy by supracostal access, three patients (2.97%) had pleural injury. Among them one patient developed hydrothorax and needed chest tube insertion and remaining two patients had minimal pneumo thorax with blunting of costo-phrenic angle, which was managed conservatively. The lung parenchymal or other viscera injury was not observed in our study. Most punctures were, a single supracostal superior calyceal access 18(17.8%) and middle posterior calyceal access 88(82.2%), except for staghorn and multiple complex lower calyceal calculi needed multiple tracts 23(22.8%). Complete clearance was observed in 77(76.2%) patients., Conclusions: The supracostal puncture was a safe and effective approach with high stone clearance rate and acceptable morbidity in selected cases of staghorn, upper ureteral, and upper calyceal calculi. It should be adapted whenever needed and should not be avoided due to fear of chest complications.

This study presented an overview of current developments in optical micro-electromechanical systems in biomedical applications. Optical micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) is a particular class of MEMS technology. It combines micro-optics, mechanical elements, and electronics, called the micro-opto electromechanical system (MOEMS). Optical MEMS comprises sensing and influencing optical signals on micron-level by incorporating mechanical, electrical, and optical systems. Optical MEMS devices are widely used in inertial navigation, accelerometers, gyroscope application, and many industrial and biomedical applications. Due to its miniaturised size, insensitivity to electromagnetic interference, affordability, and lightweight characteristic, it can be easily integrated into the human body with a suitable design. This study presented a comprehensive review of 140 research articles published on photonic MEMS in biomedical applications that used the qualitative method to find the recent advancement, challenges, and issues. The paper also identified the critical success factors applied to design the optimum photonic MEMS devices in biomedical applications. With the systematic literature review approach, the results showed that the key design factors could significantly impact design, application, and future scope of work. The literature of this paper suggested that due to the flexibility, accuracy, design factors efficiency of the Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, the demand has been increasing for various photonic devices. Except for FBG sensing devices, other sensing systems such as optical ring resonator, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and photonic crystals are used, which still show experimental stages in the application of biosensing. Due to the requirement of sophisticated fabrication facilities and integrated systems, it is a tough choice to consider the other photonic system. Miniaturisation of complete FBG device for biomedical applications is the future scope of work. Even though there is a lot of experimental work considered with an FBG sensing system, commercialisation of the final FBG device for a specific application has not been seen noticeable progress in the past., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Upadhyaya, Hasan, Abdel-Khalek, Hassan, Srivastava, Sharan, Islam, Saad and Vo.)

Background: The gold standard of quick and definitive treatment of Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is surgical decompression by opening the abdomen and leaving it open until intra-abdominal pressure decreases. Temporary abdominal closure techniques are used to postpone definite closure until predisposing factors causing pathologic elevation of intra-abdominal pressure are resolved.This study aim to analyze feasibility of Bogota Bag placement as a way of temporary abdominal closure., Methods: Cases admitted in the period of eight years that were diagnosed to have or at risk to develop ACS and managed with 'Bogota Bag', irrespective of primary diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. Cause of ACS, reasons to place Bogota bag, its complications and final outcome in terms of mortality related or not related with Bogota Bag placement were assessed., Results: Total of ten patients had placement of Bogota Bag in the period of eight years. Laparotomy for bowel perforation with peritonitis was the most common primary condition contributing to ACS. Bogota bag was placed in two cases after emergency decompression as a therapeutic measure whereas others were done as prophylactic measure. There were two mortalities (20%) which were not directly related to abdominal compartment syndrome., Conclusions: Abdomen closure with Bogota Bag for patients with ACS or likely to develop ACS is a feasible technique with minimal procedure related morbidities.