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In this paper we ask: why do people in rural agrarian communities facing increasing migration pressures from changing climatic conditions, stay? We aim to understand why people stay, who stays, what are the impacts of migration on those who stay, and what are their needs for adaptation? We study a population of people who do not migrate from Himalayan communities of Uttarakhand, India, despite their livelihoods being already severely disrupted by climate change climate change and high outmigration has led to abandoned so-called 'ghost villages'. Semi-structured interviews (n = 72) were held with affected communities, experts, and policymakers. Results show that motivations for immobility are shaped by place attachment; place-based resource advantages; social milieu; dependence on subsistence agriculture and gender roles. We find that immobility experiences are differentiated by gender, age and in situ resources. Those who stay are negatively impacted by migration via loss of labour in agriculture, changes in population size and composition, loss of community, in addition to the negative impacts of climate change. Our results are likely relevant on a global scale, to other subsistence smallholder communities who stay despite increasing climate risks. These populations will need gender-sensitive support to adapt in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platelet concentrates usage in the treatment of intrabony defects has been improved due to advancement of research. Many generation of platelet concentrates were used, but research regarding advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) regarding periodontal treatment is scanty. Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare PRF and A-PRF in the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects (IBDs) both clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods: Twenty- eight patients having IBDs were divided into Group A (PRF) and Group B (A-PRF). Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months and radiographic examination at baseline and 6 months were also recorded to evaluate defect fill, resolution, and change in the alveolar crest height. Then, all the data were tabulated in a Microsoft Excel sheet and subjected to statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviations of the clinical and radiographic parameters were calculated, and unpaired t-test was performed to assess intergroup comparison at different time intervals. Results: Intragroup comparison showed statistically significant improvement in PPD and CAL at 3 and 6 months while statistically significant improvement was observed in mean defect fill and resolution in Group B. Conclusion: Individually, both the materials have shown promising results. However, statistically, PRF group (Group A) showed better treatment outcome in terms of bone fill and A-PRF group (Group B) in terms of soft tissue healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indicator-based approaches have been used extensively for measuring adaptation. Adopting participatory approaches helps in contextualizing the global level and generic indicators to suit the local-level conditions for measuring adaptation effectiveness. This paper discusses the application of a methodology for identifying a set of adaptation effectiveness indicators that could assist in prioritizing adaptation interventions. Using participatory approaches, the indicators were selected to assess the social, environmental and economic effectiveness of bunding as an adaptation option in the Gangetic Basin. The criteria for ranking of indicators were also determined along with an attempt to understand if there is an association between demographic factors and ranking of indicators by the respondents. The results showed that communities favoured the increase in fresh water availability as a measure for environmental effectiveness; food security for social effectiveness and farm income for economic effectiveness. The paper concludes by discussing the merits as well as limitations of using an indicator-based approach for assessing adaptation options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the authors' view on the refusal of the inhabitants of the Lakshadweep islands to relocate to less risky areas. Topics discussed include the interpretations of the inhabitants on the observed changes in the islands' environment, the influence of cultural beliefs on the refusal of the inhabitants to relocate, and the potential use of the inhabitants' traditional knowledge to help them adapt to the observed environmental changes.