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Braiding is one of the useful textile techniques for fabricating near-net-shaped fiber preforms. Automated braided preform fabrication process has been improved. Triaxial braiding was evaluated as a means of reducing the cost of producing airplane framesusing automation technology. A new preforming process was proposed to make the near-net-shaped preforms by using the conventional tubular braiding technique and deforming technique to change the configuration into the near-net-shapes. The preforms were fabricated with carbon fibers by using the new performing process and molded using resin transfer molding (RTM) process with epoxy resin into I-beam frames and panels for investigating mechanical testing and production cost. Mechanical testing and cost analysis indicated that the mechanical properties of the braided composites are superior to those of aluminum materials and that the combination of the braiding and the RTM process is less costly than the hand-lay-up and autoclave process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti-K pre-peaks and Ti KL23L23 resonant Auger spectra are theoretically investigated by means of a combined model between a TiO6 charge-transfer cluster with full-multiplet interactions and an LCAO density-of-state calculation for a Ti445O890 cluster. The results for Ti-K pre-peaks excellently reproduce both the spectral shape and incident-photon polarization dependence observed in the experiment by Danger et al. The present work corresponds to an improved calculation as compared to our previous study. The results for Ti KL23L23 resonant Auger spectra also reproduce the features observed by Danger et al., especially the incident-photon energy and polarization dependence of the energy positions and the intensities of the Auger peaks. These facts mean that the mechanism for Ti-K pre-peaks, which we proposed earlier, is also applicable to the KL23L23 resonant Auger processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper we review a variety of spectra for Ce compounds, i.e. valence photoemission and inverse valence photoemission, core-level and resonant photoemission as well as X-ray absorption, X-ray emission and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). Those spectra are theoretically analysed by using the single-site Anderson model with various final state interactions. In the first part of the present article we are considering intermetallic Ce compounds, especially several Ce–Pd ordered phases, as well as CeRh3, CeSn3 and CeFe2. In the second part we focus on insulating Ce compounds like CeF3 as well as related systems like Ce oxides. Also we compare Ce hydroxides to other rare-earth hydroxides. Discussions are given on the physical information derived from the analysis, especially through a few key parameters of an extended version of the previously considered Anderson model. Those parameters (i.e. the Coulomb interaction Ufd between 5d and 4f electrons as well as the core hole potential -Udc acting on the 5d electron) have necessarily to be taken into account in order to interpret the experimental L3 X-ray absorption spectra. Another important point stressed in the present paper is the surface/bulk sensitivities of the various spectra to be investigated and theoretically analysed. Also similarities and differences in spectral features between metallic and insulating systems are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We observed atomic resolution images of the Si(1 0 0) surface at 5 K using low-temperature noncontact atomic force microscope (LT-NC-AFM). Si(1 0 0) surface shows almost the asymmetric dimers structure, except for the symmetric dimers structure near the defects. The asymmetric dimers are mainly c(4×2) structure with antiparallel zigzag pattern and partly p(2×2) structure with parallel zigzag pattern. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Disease development and severity of Scleroderris canker of Todo-fir in Hokkaido, Japan, vary according to forest type. The occurrence and severity of Todo-fir canker caused by Scleroderris lagerbergii, were compared in plantations with and without a deciduous canopy. Planted Todo-fir under cover remained mostly healthy, whereas in the open they were severely damaged. This suggests a protective effect by the upper deciduous species against the development of canker. The authors suggest that the cover of deciduous species affects such microclimatic conditions as minimum temperatures and snow deposit in early winter creating more favorable conditions for Todo-fir planted under cover than in the open.

This is an introductory paper on the outbreak of fungal disease Scieroderris canker of Todo-fir in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Scicroderris canker, caused by Scieroderris lagerbergii Grem., broke out in 1970 in several localities of the northern Japan. A remarkable characteristic of this disease is that it damages no shoot above the surface of deep snow cover. It was found that the site selection and methods for reforestation are the most important factors that can facilitate escape from Scieroderris canker.

This article examines ascospore and pycnospore discharge and germination. The causal fungus was psythrophilic, with an optimum growing temperature of 10 degree Celsius. Pathogenicity to Abies sachalinensis was ascertained by artificial inoculation and symptoms were induced also by spraying a pycnospore suspension on to untreated shoots. Results of inoculation-experiments using both mycelium and pycnospore suspensions were always positive. On shoots inoculated in autumn, lesions were produced in the following spring. The lesions were larger when the inoculated shoot was first damaged with dry ice.

The physical destruction and fatalities caused by earthquake events has compelled scientists to develop a method for predicting Earthquakes. It is almost impossible to detect earthquake events due to limited seismometer sensitivity; therefore, a non-seismological predictor was established by using the Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) magnetic field as a potential earthquake precursor. ULF waves respond to magnetic activity that are transferred to Earth by solar winds, and become ultimately linked to earthquake events. The statistical correlation analysis is used between ULF Pc4 and Pc5 pulsation, solar wind parameters; IMF- component (Bz), solar wind speed (Vsw), solar wind pressure (Psw), solar wind input energy (IEsw), and near-equator geomagnetic storm (SYM/H). Through a multiple regression modelled approach, the relationship between solar wind (SW) parameters (IMF-Bz, Vsw, Psw, IEsw) and near-equator geomagnetic index (SYM/H) with ULF wave pulsations (Pc4 - Pc5) prior to an earthquake (EQ) event (magnitude, M = 3.0–6.0, depth, d < 100 km, epicentre distance from magnetometer station, r < 100 km) was determined. The solar wind and geomagnetic index parameters were obtained from OMNIWeb, where ULF pulsations (Pc4 - Pc5) were computed from the magnetometer Davao station (Philippines) (7.00 o N, 125.40 o E) located in a low latitude region. The ULF Pc5 band demonstrated the best fit for the ULF earthquake precursor model in relation to solar wind parameters (Vsw, Psw) and geomagnetic index (SYM/H) with R 2 and R 2-adjusted values of (R 2 =0.5011, R 2-adj = 0.4940). The Vsw, Psw and SYM/H are major factors that contribute to the emission of ULF Pc5 prior to an earthquake, as determined by the stepwise regression method. This ULF earthquake precursor model is intended to address the problem seismologists face when predicting seismic events by assisting non-seismologists in locating the most effective EM-ULF wave bands in solar-terrestrial activities for detecting seismic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide (NO) has been known to inhibit nuclear maturation in cumulus–enclosed oocytes in rodents. The objective of this study was to examine if meiotic stimulators, such as dibutyryl cAMP and epidermal growth factor (EGF), influence intracellular NO level of oocytes and if the level is correlated with oocyte maturation rate and cumulus expansion in a chemically defined medium. Oocyte–cumulus complexes (OCC) were aspirated from mid-size follicles (3–6mm in diameter) of prepuberal porcine ovaries. The OCC were cultured in modified porcine oocyte medium with various supplements – gonadotropins plus dibutyryl cAMP (Gn+cAMP), EGF plus dibutyryl cAMP (EGF+cAMP), dibutyryl cAMP alone (cAMP), EGF alone (EGF), and non-supplements (none) – for a first 20-h period and then in fresh porcine oocyte medium (without those supplements) for another 24h in an atmosphere of 5% CO2in air at 39°C. Following in vitromaturation culture, OCC were assessed for the degree of cumulus expansion (scored from 0 as cumulus free to 5 as full expansion) and then additionally cultured with DAF2-DA, an indicator of NO, for an additional 1-h period in the same condition. The oocytes were denuded with 0.1% hyaluronidase, and the intensity of fluorescence was measured. The oocytes were also fixed, stained with acetic orcein, and observed for meiotic stage. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA with a Bonferroni-Dunn post hoc test (significance, P<0.05). Maturation rates and cumulus expansion indexes were significantly affected by various supplement conditions (Table 1). The intensity of fluorescence showing intracellular NO level was also different among experimental groups (Table 1). A negative correlation was found between intracellular NO intensity and maturation rate (r2=0.71) or cumulus expansion index (r2=0.70). From these results, we conclude that there is a synergistic effect of cAMP and EGF on cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation and the reduction of oocyte NO levels in a chemically defined medium. Furthermore, a reduction of oocyte NO level seems to be included in the induction of cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation. Table 1.Effects of supplements on nuclear maturation, cumulus expansion, and intracellular NO level of porcine oocytes1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the charge transfer between the transition metal and oxygen sites in transition metal oxides has been studied by resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering, the charge transfer between transition metal sites has not been studied as of yet. In this study, we have measured the Ti 2p edge resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra of MTiO 3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) in order to investigate the intermetallic M 3d–Ti 3d charge transfer. We found the peak around −4.5 eV in the energy loss scale for all MTiO 3 , which is attributed to the M 3d–Ti 3d charge transfer; whereas only FeTiO 3 exhibits an additional intermetallic charge transfer peak at −2.5 eV. We attributed that the existence of the additional peak in FeTiO 3 reflects the relation of M 3d and Ti 3d energy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have analyzed an event on 14 February 2003 in which Cluster satellites and the CPMN ground magnetometer chain made simultaneous observations of a Pi 2 pulsation along the same meridian. Three of the four Cluster satellites were located outside the plasmasphere, while the other one was located within the plasmasphere. By combining the multipoint observations in space and the multipoint observations on the ground, we have obtained a detailed L-profile of the Pi 2 signatures, which has not been done in the past. In addition, we have used a method called Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to separate out other superposed waves with similar spectral components. The result shows that the wave phase of the Pi 2 was the same up to L∼3.9 (corresponding to the plasmasphere), became earlier up to L ∼ 4.1 (corresponding to the plasmapause boundary layer), and showed a delaying tendency up to L∼5.9 (corresponding to the plasmatrough). This systematic phase pattern, obtained for the first time by a combination of a ground magnetometer chain and multisatellites along a magnetic meridian with the aid of ICA, supports the interpretation that a Pi 2 signal propagated from a farther source and reached the plasmasphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Terrestrial tardigrade is known to show very strong anti-environmental character at a dehydrated state called “tun” state. It was reported to be alive after exposed to the hydrostatic pressure of 0.6GPa, which was almost twice higher than the limit for most bacteria and multi-organisms. However, the limit of the hydrostatic pressure above which tardigrades cannot survive is unknown. We performed an experiment to put tardigrades into high hydrostatic pressure of 7.5GPa, more than 10-times higher than investigated so far, and convinced that they can survive after exposure to 7.5GPa for up to 12h. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra for Ni to excitation and to de-excitation of NiO are studied both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical calculations with a single impurity Anderson model (SIAM) describe the charge transfer (CT) and – excitations in RIXS, and detailed study is made for the CT energy. High resolution RIXS measurements reveal the precise – excitation structure and its polarization dependence, and they are well reproduced by the SIAM calculation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Co 3d → 2p X-ray emission spectra of LaCoO[sub 3] in the Co 2p photoabsorption region are measured at 40 and 300 K. The spectra mainly reveal features nearly independent of excitation photon energy. This indicates the highly covalent or strongly hybridized nature of the Co 3d state. The emission component showing resonant behavior is also observed. The temperature dependence of the resonant emission confirms that the wave function of Co 3d electrons is totally symmetric in the low-spin ground state and that for the spin state excited thermally through the magnetic transition around 100 K is not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MAGDAS PEN was established on 19th September 2019 as one of the MAGDAS observatory arrays located at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) (5.15°, 100.50°). The main objective of the MAGDAS project is to monitor global electromagnetic and the ambient plasma density in the geospace environment. This installation has contributed to a better understanding of the Sun-Earth coupling system. This paper presents the installation process of one of the MAGDAS magnetometers named YU-8 T magnetic sensor and provides a preliminary analysis of geomagnetic HDZ components amplitude-time that was observed at PEN station. A one-month HDZ-geomagnetic field data was processed from 1st November to 30th November 2019. The daily variations with a consistent pattern in delta H geomagnetic field components are observed throughout the day with eastward electric field effects that are observed during solar peak hours. The delta H-component gradually increases around 0700LT and reaches the maximum reading at 1300LT with a range of value ~ 40-70nT. The value slowly decreases that started from 1400LT until the night time. The reading during the night time shows a constant variation with magnitude varies in between −10nT to + 10nT. The average H-component value of the night time is used as the baseline for the observation system. Overall, the observed trends portray a good sign of solar quiet field and Sq with no solar-terrestrial disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of the excitation of spatially localized long-period (10-15 min) irregular pulsations with a maximum amplitude of ~200 nT at a geomagnetic latitude of 66° in the morning sector 5 MLT are considered. Fluctuations were recorded against the background of substorm disturbances (maximum AE ~ 1278 nT). Antiphase variations of plasma density and magnetic field accompanied by vortex disturbances of the magnetic field both in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere have been recorded in the magnetosphere in this sector. Compression fluctuations corresponding to a slow magnetosonic wave have been recorded in the interplanetary medium in the analyzed period. It is assumed that pulsations have been excited in the localization of the cloud of injected particles in the plasma sheet by compression fluctuations caused by variations of the dynamic pressure of solar wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charge ordering of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions in LuFe 2 O 4 induces ferroelectricity below 330 K. In this study, the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) at the Fe L 2,3 -edge are investigated to study charge ordered- and disordered-states. The polarization dependence of XAS revealed that the energy level of ( d xy , d x 2– y 2 ) is lower than that of ( d yz , d zx ). In the charge-ordered state, the Fe L 3 -XAS shows a double-peak structure, which is a characteristic of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions. In the high-temperature region, the double-peak structure becomes a broad single peak, because of overlap with the thermally excited state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: On 15 August 2007, Pisco earthquake (magnitude 8.0) hit the central coast of Peru near the MAGDAS Ancon (ANC) station. Geomagnetic data from ANC and other reference stations have been analyzed to detect any signature related to this great earthquake. Results indicate the presence of annual geomagnetic variations in the vertical component at ANC and Huancayo (HUA) stations (in the vicinity of the epicenter of Pisco earthquake). These variations have a quasi-sinusoidal waveform with amplitudes of about 10 and 5nT for ANC and HUA stations respectively. They appeared clearly during the period preceding the onset of the Pisco earthquake especially at ANC station. By using HUA, Eusebio (EUS) and Kourou (KOU) as reference stations in the vicinity and away from the epicenter of Pisco earthquake, a clear disappearance of the diurnal variation of the vertical component was observed at ANC station during the day of earthquake. Moreover, the Pisco earthquake and another earthquake (on 29 March 2008) near ANC station were found to occur concurrently with the depressions in the polarization ratio (Z/H) of Pc 3 (10–45s) amplitude. Such anomalous variations appear to be a result of changes in the crustal stress field and the lithospheric conductivity in the studied region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: To develop a new tract imaging technique for visualising small fibre tracts of the brainstem and for detecting the abnormalities in multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type (MSA-C) using a phase difference enhanced (PADRE) imaging technique, in which the phase difference between the target and surrounding tissue is selectively enhanced.Methods: Two neuroradiologists compared the high-spatial-resolution PADRE imaging, which was acquired from six healthy volunteers, three patients with MSA-C, and 7 patients with other types of neurodegenerative diseases involving the brainstem or cerebellum.Results: Various fine fibre tracts in the brainstem, the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, medial longitudinal fasciculus, central tegmental tract, corticospinal tract and transverse pontine fibres, were identified on PADRE imaging. PADRE imaging from MSA-C demonstrated the disappearance of transverse pontine fibres and significant atrophy of the inferior cerebellar peduncles, while the superior cerebellar peduncles were intact. PADRE imaging also demonstrated that the transverse pontine fibres and inferior cerebellar peduncle were not involved in the other neurodegenerative diseases.Conclusion: PADRE imaging can offer a new form of tract imaging of the brainstem and may have the potential to reinforce the clinical utility of MRI in differentiating MSA from other conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 19 December 2009, the eastern part of Taiwan at approximate depth of 45 km was struck by a strong earthquake (Mw = 6.4). The epicenter was located about 20 km away from the Hualien (HLN) station in Taiwan. By analyzing data from the HLN station and Amami Oshima (AMA) in Japan as a remote reference, the geomagnetic east-west (D) and vertical (Z) components recorded at the HLN station are showing no correlation with those at the AMA station in December 2009. Anomalous variations of ∼10-15 nT started about one week before the occurrence of the earthquake and lasted for about two weeks. Also, an enhanced ULF signal in the range of Pc 3 (10-40 s) was observed a few days before the onset of the earthquake. Moreover, the polarization ratio (Z/H (north-south component)) of the Pc 3 amplitude at the HLN station decreased a few days preceding the earthquake. The mechanism behind these anomalous variations is not fully understood. However, we expect that crustal stress perturbations and underground conductivity changes associated with the earthquake played an important role for generating such observed geomagnetic variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We have installed the first MAGDAS magnetometer at Fayum in Egypt. The ambient temperature in the initial sensor house varied more than ±4°C in one day (24h period). This variation made the magnetic data useless. To correct this problem, (1) a new sensor house was re-constructed which reduced the diurnal variation to less than ±1°C, and (2) the “Uozumi Temperature Correction Method” was introduced. As a result, good data is now arriving in real time at a central facility in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) are important autologous transplantation tools in regenerative medicine, as they can secrete factors that protect the ischemic brain. We investigated whether adult NSPCs genetically modified to secrete more glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) could protect against transient ischemia in rats. NSPCs were harvested from the subventricular zone of adult Wistar rats and cultured for 3 weeks in the presence of epidermal growth factor. The NSPCs were treated with fibre-mutant Arg-Gly-Asp adenovirus containing the GDNF gene (NSPC-GDNF) or enhanced green fluorescent protein ( EGFP) gene (NSPC-EGFP; control group). In one experiment, cultured cells were transplanted into the right ischemic boundary zone of Wistar rat brains. One week later, animals underwent 90 min of intraluminal right middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by magnetic resonance imaging and behavioural tests. The NSPC-GDNF group had higher behavioural scores and lesser infarct volume than did controls at 1, 7 and 28 days postocclusion. In the second experiment, we transplanted NSPCs 3 h after ischemic insult. Compared to controls, rats receiving NSPC-GDNF had decreased infarct volume and better behavioural assessments at 7 days post-transplant. Animals were killed on day 7 and brains were collected for GDNF ELISA and morphological assessment. Compared to controls, more GDNF was secreted, more NSPC-GDNF cells migrated toward the ischemic core and more NSPC-GDNF cells expressed immature neuronal marker. Moreover, the NSPC-GDNF group showed more effective inhibition of microglial invasion and apoptosis. These findings suggest that NSPC-GDNF may be useful in treatment of cerebral ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: K-edge X-ray absorption and 2p-XPS spectra of 3d-element oxides present spectral features which cannot be explained within a simple one-electron model. These features reveal the fine electronic structure of transition metal (TM) oxides valence states resulting from hybridized TM-3d and O-2p states, and the correlations between these valence electrons. In this paper, we show how resonant electronic spectroscopy (resonant Auger or resonant photoelectron spectroscopy) around the TM K-edge can be used to interpret the structures of the threshold and, with the help of theoretical calculation, to determine the electronic configuration of the excited ion. Quadrupolar transitions towards localized 3d orbitals are hence detected and quantitatively characterized in the titanium K-edge prepeaks in TiO2 and in the Ni K-edge prepeaks in NiO by angular-dependent resonant KLL Auger measurements. Valuable information also seems to be available in the resonant behavior of 2p-XPS spectra of NiO and Fe2O3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper we review a variety of spectra for Ce compounds, i.e. valence photoemission and inverse valence photoemission, core-level and resonant photoemission as well as X-ray absorption, X-ray emission and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). Those spectra are theoretically analysed by using the single-site Anderson model with various final state interactions. In the first part of the present article we are considering intermetallic Ce compounds, especially several Ce–Pd ordered phases, as well as CeRh3, CeSn3 and CeFe2. In the second part we focus on insulating Ce compounds like CeF3 as well as related systems like Ce oxides. Also we compare Ce hydroxides to other rare-earth hydroxides. Discussions are given on the physical information derived from the analysis, especially through a few key parameters of an extended version of the previously considered Anderson model. Those parameters (i.e. the Coulomb interaction Ufd between 5d and 4f electrons as well as the core hole potential -Udc acting on the 5d electron) have necessarily to be taken into account in order to interpret the experimental L3 X-ray absorption spectra. Another important point stressed in the present paper is the surface/bulk sensitivities of the various spectra to be investigated and theoretically analysed. Also similarities and differences in spectral features between metallic and insulating systems are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resonant soft X-ray emission (RSXE) spectra of NaV2O5, MoxV1−xO2 and V2O3 have been recorded for a series of excitation energies at resonances of the V L- and O K-absorption band. Resonant excitation allows us, firstly, to separate V 3d and O 2p projected density-of-states of the valence band and, secondly, to study charge-neutral low-energy excitations due to resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). We found that both the V L- and the O K-emission spectra clearly show components originating from O 2p- and V 3d-states, reflecting the high degree of hybridization of the valence band in all compounds. At threshold excitation we observed that NaV2O5 spectra are dominated by RIXS whereas MoxV1−xO2 and V2O3 spectra show bandlike features, which may be due to differences in the correlation effects of the compounds. We compared the RSXE spectra with cluster model calculations, which gives a good account for NaV2O5 whereas the RSXE spectra of the other compounds show RIXS only at certain energies well above the threshold. In fact, we interpret the trend in the RSXE spectra of the MoxV1−xO2 compound system as a successive filling of the (rigid) V 3d band with increasing Mo content. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We report the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment of basilar tip aneurysms (BTA) in five patients with moyamoya disease. The patients underwent intra-aneurysmal embolisation with detachable platinum coils. Three BTA presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH); the other two were asymptomatic. In four cases, one embolisation procedure produced >95% angiographic obliteration of the aneurysm. In the other patient, 80–90% obliteration was achieved initially, but due to growth of the residual aneurysm, the procedure was repeated 7 months later. Two patients experienced transient oculomotor paresis as a procedure-related complication. Mean follow-up was 43.6±34.0 months (range 8–92 months). One patient died of putaminal haemorrhage unrelated to the aneurysm 15 months after embolisation. The other four had no subsequent SAH and survived without sequelae. Endovascular embolisation using detachable platinum coils proved to be a safe and efficient treatment modality for BTA associated with moyamoya disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exciton excited states of CuCl nanoparticles dispersed in NaC1 matrix have been investigated by means of two-photon excitation and two-step IR transient absorption. In the two-photon excitation spectra, there appears a distinct absorption edge. As the particle radius decreases from 6.3nm to 1.6nm, the edge energy increases by about 0.15eV, more than twice as large as that of the lowest IS state. The fast decay component of the IR transient absorption under pulsed excitation of the lowest 1S exciton shows a broad band which shifts from 0.2 to 0.4eV as the radius decreases from >10nm to 1.4nm These absorption edge and band are ascribed to the nP-like Rydberg excited states of the confined excitons. The large energy shift indicates that the weak confinement which is typically valid for the lowest 1S exciton state in CuCl nanoparticles is no more applicable to these excited states. Their spectra and confinement effect are discussed in comparison with theoretical prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a report which states that the carboxyl-terminal domain of colicin E5 was shown to inhibit protein synthesis of Escherichia coli. Use of in vivo and in vitro experiments; Revelation that its target was not ribosomes as in the case of E3, but transfer RNA (tRNA) for Tyr, His, Asn, and Asp, which contain a modified base, queuine, at the wobble position of each anticodon; Observation of tight correlation between the toxicity of E5 and the cleavage of intracellular tRNA; Other information.