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Nanofibers are fibrous nanocarriers that can be synthesized from natural polymers, synthetic polymers, semiconducting materials, composite materials, and carbon-based materials. Recently, natural polysaccharides-based nanofibers are gaining attention in the field of pharmaceuticals and biomedical as these are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and economic. Nanofibers can deliver a significant amount of drug to the targeted site and provide effective interaction of therapeutic agent at the site of action due to a larger surface area. Other important advantages of nanofibers are low density, high porosity, small pore size, high mechanical strength, and low cost. In this review, natural polysaccharides such as alginate, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, cellulose, chondroitin sulfate, chitosan, xanthan gum, and gellan gum are discussed for their characteristics, pharmaceutical utility, and biomedical applications. The authors have given particular emphasis to the several fabrication processes that utilize these polysaccharides to form nanofibers, and their recent updates in pharmaceutical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, skin disorders, wound-healing dressings, cancer therapy, bioactive molecules delivery, anti-infectives, and solubility enhancement. Despite these many advantages, nanofibers have been explored less for their scale-up and applications in advanced therapeutic delivery.

Liposomes are emerging as uni or multilamellar micro particulate phospholipid bilayer sphere vesicles, which can be produced synthetically and have the ability to encapsulate any kind of drug molecule. Either hydrophilic or lipophilic drug substances can be easily entrapped in these vesicles for efficient delivery of a drug. Over the past decades, these have been under investigation to develop novel and revolutionary drug delivery aspects in the pharmaceutical field. Liposomes are based on a simple mechanism of formation of the enclosed sphere formed when amphiphilic lipid comes in contact with the aqueous layer. The advancements in liposomes have paved pathways towards efficient drug delivery through alteration in the bioavailability and bio-distribution of drugs. Classified into various types, liposomes can be prepared using various techniques involving mechanical dispersion, solvent dispersion, and detergent removal methods. The development of these liposomes has profound the advanced delivery characterization. This helps deliver the molecules at the target site, and the number of liposomal products in clinical use has now increased. Recent advances are incorporating the emergence of second-generation liposomes over conventional liposomes, which will help modulate the encapsulation efficiency and drug release from liposomes. This literature briefly focusses on various aspects of liposomes, which further relates to the growing advances and interest in this field.

The current drug therapies for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, or biological products designed to mitigate the symptoms of the disease. These therapies with conventional delivery systems possess limitations such as lack of selectivity and adverse effects in the extra-articular tissues. Microneedles-based transdermal drug delivery gained huge attention that can overcome the limitations associated with conventional preparations.This review aims to provide detailed information on types of microneedles (MNs) and their usage in drug delivery for the management of RA. In addition, it also provides evidence for the effective use of MNs in RA treatment. Various types of MNs, their regulatory status, clinical trials, and patents are also compiled in this review.Microneedles are small patch-like structures consisting of needles in micron range arranged in array-like structure used to manage drugs designed to be given via transdermal route. Microneedles provide painless delivery, fast onset of action, bypass the first-pass metabolism, and be easily self-administered. In the case of RA treatment, which requires a long-term application of drugs, MN is a new and emerging way to ease the symptoms of RA.

Oroxylumindicum (Linn.)Vent. is a popular Indian medicinal plant has long been commonly in traditional system of medicine The plant has the importance as its name ?Shyonaaka? (An active ingredient of Dashamoola traditional medicine preparation) in history of traditional Indian medicine. The plant has been found to possess diverse number of pharmacological activities. The present paper gives an account of updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities. Present review reveals that the wide range of phytochemical constituent have been isolated from the plant and plant possess important pharmacological activities like antifungal, anathematic, antibacterial, antidiarrhoeal, anticancer, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antihyperglycaemic activity, antioxidant and active against abdominal pain, mouth ulcer, and throat infection. Today, Oroxylum indicum is perhaps the most popular herbal medicine in China and Thailand for their medicinal values. These all parameter are very encouraging and indicate the plant should be studied more extensively for its therapeutic benefits.