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1. The African Pollen Database (APD) and tracing environmental change: State of the Art

Author

Lézine, A.-M., Ivory, S.J., Gosling, W.D., Scott, L., Runge, J., Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Geography, Environmental change, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Pollen, medicine, Physical geography, State (computer science), Tracing, medicine.disease_cause
Abstract

The African Pollen Database is a scientific network with the objective of providing the international scientific community with data and tools to develop palaeoenvironmental studies in sub-SaharanAfrica and to provide the basis for understanding the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change. This network was developed between 1996 and 2007. It promoted the collection, homogenization and validation of pollen data from modern (trap, soils, lake and river mud) and fossil materials (Quaternary sites) and developed a tool to determine pollen grains using digital photographs from international herbaria. Discontinued in 2007 due to a lack of funding, this network now resumes its activity in close collaboration with international databases: Neotoma, USA, Pangaea, DE, and the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, FR.

Published
2021
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2. Synthesis, intermolecular interactions and biological activities of two new organic–inorganic hybrids C6H10N2,2Br and C6H10N2,2Cl·H2O

Author

Houcine Naïli, Intissar Hamdi, Moncef Nasri, Thierry Roisnel, Intidhar Bkhairia, Andreas Roodt, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, DPPH, General Chemical Engineering, Intermolecular force, General Chemistry, Crystal structure, Triclinic crystal system, 010402 general chemistry, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Crystal, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Crystallization, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

International audience; A slow evaporation method has permitted the crystallization of two novel crystals of (2-aminomethyl)pyridindiumdihalide C6H10N2,2Br (1) and C6H10N2,2Cl center dot H2O (2). The structures of the prepared compounds (1) and (2) were elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction which revealed that they crystallize, respectively, with triclinic and monoclinic symmetries. Their crystal packing was stabilized by non-covalent interactions, including N-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISBr, C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISBr, N-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISCl, O-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISCl and N-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISO hydrogen bonds. 3-D Hirshfeld surface analysis followed by 2-D fingerprint schemes gives insights into the intermolecular interactions in the crystalline structure. Furthermore, the FT-IR spectroscopy of these two compounds was carried out. The synthesized products were also screened for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which reveals their favourable antioxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as the discolouration of beta-carotene.

Published
2020
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3. High genetic variation and phylogeographic relations among Palearctic fairy shrimp populations reflect persistence in multiple southern refugia during Pleistocene ice ages and postglacial colonisation

Author

Bram Vanschoenwinkel, Dunja Lukić, Monika Mioduchowska, Luc Brendonck, Bernard Geudens, Tom Pinceel, Nicolas Rabet, Aline Waterkeyn, WasserCluster Lunz, Interuniversity Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna [Vienna], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Gdańsk (UG), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), University of the Free State [South Africa], 29898382 - Brendonck, Luc Gerard Eric, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and Biology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Species complex, CONSERVATION, Branchiopoda, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, INVERTEBRATES, DISPERSAL, Marine & Freshwater Biology, temporary ponds, 14. Life underwater, BRANCHIPUS-SCHAEFFERI, dispersal, freshwater, Clade, Molecular clock, Science & Technology, Ecology, Phylogenetic tree, ANOSTRACA, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, molecular clock, BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, LARGE BRANCHIOPODS, Phylogeography, CRUSTACEA, Evolutionary biology, Anostraca, Biological dispersal, MRBAYES, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, habitat destruction
Abstract

International audience; Intense anthropogenic disturbance threatens temporary pond ecosystems and their associated fauna across the Palearctic. Since fairy shrimps (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) are endemic to temporary ponds, populations are declining due to habitat loss and it is important to define adequate units for conservation. Phylogeographic reconstructions, based on genetic variation, provide valuable information for defining evolutionary and conservation units, especially for organisms with high levels of cryptic diversity like many fairy shrimps. We studied a total of 152 individuals of the fairy shrimp Branchipus schaefferi from 79 populations across the Palearctic and used mitochondrial (CO1) and nuclear (ITS1) DNA data to reconstruct the phylogeography of the species. Our results show that B. schaefferi comprises four highly diverged (10.3–16.5%) evolutionary clades. The present‐day haplotypes within each of the clades probably diverged from lineages that were maintained in separate refugia during the Pleistocene ice ages. While two clades represent distinct geographic regions, the two remaining clades have more wide and overlapping ranges. In addition, the limited number of shared haplotypes among populations from geographically distant regions within three of the clades suggest recent long‐distance dispersal events. Overall, the studied B. schaefferi dataset comprises high levels of genetic differentiation, without a clear morphological signal. Phylogenetic searches and pairwise genetic distances suggest that the studied lineages belong to a complex of four morphologically cryptic species. Since these four evolutionary old clades persist (±2 million years), despite overlapping geographic ranges and since they span a variety of ecological conditions, they should be considered as separate evolutionary significant units for conservation.

Published
2019
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4. High-quality carnivoran genomes from roadkill samples enable comparative species delineation in aardwolf and bat-eared fox

Author

Marie-Ka Tilak, Erwan Corre, Frédéric Delsuc, Andrew C. Kitchener, Nico L. Avenant, Rémi Allio, Benoit Nabholz, Celine Scornavacca, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, University of the Free State [South Africa], Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (FR2424), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (ABIMS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Systematics, roadkill, population genomics, QH301-705.5, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Roadkill, Biodiversity, Foxes, Context (language use), Subspecies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Population genomics, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenomics, genomics, Animals, genetics, Biology (General), Genome, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, General Neuroscience, evolutionary biology, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genetics and Genomics, phylogenomics, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Nanopore Sequencing, 030104 developmental biology, species delimitation, Otocyon megalotis, Evolutionary biology, Medicine, carnivora, Hyaenidae, Other, Research Article
Abstract

In a context of ongoing biodiversity erosion, obtaining genomic resources from wildlife is essential for conservation. The thousands of yearly mammalian roadkill provide a useful source material for genomic surveys. To illustrate the potential of this underexploited resource, we used roadkill samples to study the genomic diversity of the bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) and the aardwolf (Proteles cristatus), both having subspecies with similar disjunct distributions in Eastern and Southern Africa. First, we obtained reference genomes with high contiguity and gene completeness by combining Nanopore long reads and Illumina short reads. Then, we showed that the two subspecies of aardwolf might warrant species status (P. cristatus and P. septentrionalis) by comparing their genome-wide genetic differentiation to pairs of well-defined species across Carnivora with a new Genetic Differentiation index (GDI) based on only a few resequenced individuals. Finally, we obtained a genome-scale Carnivora phylogeny including the new aardwolf species.

Published
2021
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5. Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database

Author

Runge, Jürgen, Gosling, William, Lézine, Anne-Marie, Scott, Louis, institut für Physische Geographie und Zemtrum für Interdisziplinäre Afrikaforschung (ZIAL), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and Jürgen Runge

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; This book celebrates the relaunch of the African Pollen Database, presents state-of-the-art of modern and ancient pollen data from sub-Saharan Africa, and promotes Open Access science. Pollen grains are powerful tools for the study of past vegetation dynamics because they preserve well within sedimentary deposits and have a huge diversity in ornamentation that allows different taxa to be determined. The reconstruction of past vegetation from the examination of ancient pollen records thus can be used to characterize the nature of past landscapes (e.g. abundance of forests vs. grasslands), provide insights into changes in biodiversity, and gain empirical evidence of vegetation response to climatic change and human activity. In this, the 35th Volume of "Palaeoecology of Africa", we bring together new data and extensive synthetic reviews to provide novel insights into the relationships between human evolution, human activity, climate change and vegetation dynamics during the Quaternary, the last 2.6 million years.Current and ongoing climate and land-use change is exerting pressure on modern vegetation formations and threatening the livelihoods and wellbeing of many peoples in Africa. In this book the focus is on the Quaternary because it is during this geological period that the modern vegetation formations developed into their current configurations against a backdrop of high magnitude global climate change (glacial-interglacial cycles), human evolution, and a growing human land-use footprint. In this book the latest information is presented and collated from around the African continent to parameterize past vegetation states, identify the drivers of vegetation change, and assess the vegetation resilience to change. To achieve this research from two broad themes are covered: (i) the present is the key to the past (i.e. studies which improve our understanding of modern environments so that we can better interpret evidence from the past), and (ii) the past is the key to the future (i.e. studies which unlock information on how and why vegetation changed in the past so one can better anticipate trajectories of future change).This Open Access book will provide a strong foundation for future research exploring past ecological, environmental and climatic change within Africa and the surrounding islands. The book is organized regionally (covering western, eastern, central, and southern Africa) and it contains specialized articles focused on particular topics (such as modern pollen-vegetation relationships and fire as a driver of vegetation change), as well as regional and pan-African syntheses drawing together decades of research to assess key scientific questions (including the role of climate in driving vegetation change and the role of vegetation change in human evolution). These articles will be useful to students and teachers from high school to the highest level of university who are interested in the origins and dynamics of vegetation in Africa. Furthermore, it is also meant to provide societally relevant information that can act as an inspiration for the development of sustainable management practices for the future.

Published
2021
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6. Relevance of ddRADseq method for species and population delimitation of closely related and widely distributed wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Author

Vladislav Ivanov, Yuri Marusik, Julien Pétillon, Marko Mutanen, University of Oulu, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kvantum-instituutti, Oulun Yliopisto, 277984, Academy of Finland, Suomen Hyönteistieteellinen Seura, University of the Free State [South Africa], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
Likelihood Functions, Principal Component Analysis, Population genetics, Science, Restriction Mapping, Spiders, Sequence Analysis, DNA, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Article, Electron Transport Complex IV, Phylogenetics, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Haplotypes, Species Specificity, Databases, Genetic, Medicine, Animals, Zoology, Phylogeny, Taxonomy
Abstract

International audience; Although species delimitation is often controversial, emerging DNA-based and classical morphology-based methods are rarely compared using large-scale samplings, even less in the case of widely distributed species that have distant, allopatric populations. In the current study, we examined species boundaries within two wolf spider species of the genus Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae), P. riparia and P. palustris. Wolf spiders constitute an excellent model for testing the relevance of traditional vs. modern methods in species and population delimitation because several closely related species are distributed over cross-continental geographic ranges. Allopatric populations of the two Pardosa species were sampled across Europe to Far East Russia (latitudinal range > 150°) and several dozen individuals were studied using morphological characters (morphometry of three measures for both sexes, plus five in males only and two in females only), DNA barcoding (COI sequencing) and double-digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). The results obtained allow for changing the taxonomic status of two Far East Russian populations to subspecies and ddRADseq proved to be a powerful tool for taxonomic research despite scarce sampling and inherent subjectivity of species delimitation in allopatry. Overall, this study pleads for both multi-criteria and more population-based studies in taxonomy.

Published
2021
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7. Steady-state imperfect repair models

Author

Maxim Finkelstein, Yann Dijoux, Xingheng Liu, Jørn Vatn, Laboratoire Modélisation et Sûreté des Systèmes (LM2S), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and University of the Free State [South Africa]

Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation, 021103 operations research, Information Systems and Management, Steady state (electronics), General Computer Science, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Asymptotic distribution, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Management Science and Operations Research, Residual, Infinity, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Reduction (complexity), Modeling and Simulation, 0502 economics and business, Applied mathematics, Renewal theory, Imperfect, media_common, Mathematics
Abstract

International audience; Imperfect maintenance models are widely used in reliability engineering. This paper discusses relevant asymptotic properties for the steady-state virtual age processes. It is shown that the limiting distributions of age, the residual lifetime and the spread that describe an ordinary renewal process can be generalized to the stable virtual age process, although the cycles of the latter are not independent. Asymptotic distributions of the virtual age at time t, as well as of the virtual ages at the start and the end of a cycle containing t (as t tends to infinity) are explicitly derived for two popular in practice imperfect maintenance models, namely, the Arithmetic Reduction of Age (ARA) and the Brown–Proschan (BP) models. Some applications of the obtained results to maintenance optimization are discussed.

Published
2020
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8. DORN1/P2K1 and purino-calcium signalling in plants: making waves with extracellular ATP

Author

Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier, Katie A. Wilkins, Bruno Moulia, Julia M. Davies, Madhura G Bhat, Limin Wang, Elsa Matthus, Jian Sun, Amirah B Mohammad-Sidik, Valérie Legué, Gary Stacey, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Université de Jiangsu, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Wilkins, Katie [0000-0001-6513-856X], Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, ATPase, Aequorin, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Research In Context, ATP, calcium, DORN1, P2K1, reactive oxygen species, root, wave, plasma-membrane ca2+, heterotrimeric g-protein, nadph oxidase, arabidopsis-thaliana, gene-expression, guard-cell, inositol, hexakisphosphate, binding-protein, abscisic-acid, long-distance, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adenosine Triphosphate, Guard cell, Wave, Calcium signaling, Vegetal Biology, biology, Cell biology, onde, Second messenger system, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, atpase, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracellular, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Calcium Signaling, Dorn1, Arabidopsis Proteins, P2k1, racine, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Root, biology.protein, Reactive oxygen species, Adenosine triphosphate, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Background and AimsExtracellular ATP governs a range of plant functions, including cell viability, adaptation and cross-kingdom interactions. Key functions of extracellular ATP in leaves and roots may involve an increase in cytosolic free calcium as a second messenger (‘calcium signature’). The main aim here was to determine to what extent leaf and root calcium responses require the DORN1/P2K1 extracellular ATP receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. The second aim was to test whether extracellular ATP can generate a calcium wave in the root.MethodsLeaf and root responses to extracellular ATP were reviewed for their possible links to calcium signalling and DORN1/P2K1. Leaves and roots of wild type and dorn1 plants were tested for cytosolic calcium increase in response to ATP, using aequorin. The spatial abundance of DORN1/P2K1 in the root was estimated using green fluorescent protein. Wild type roots expressing GCaMP3 were used to determine the spatial variation of cytosolic calcium increase in response to extracellular ATP.Key ResultsLeaf and root ATP-induced calcium signatures differed markedly. The leaf signature was only partially dependent on DORN1/P2K1, while the root signature was fully dependent. The distribution of DORN1/P2K1 in the root supports a key role in the generation of the apical calcium signature. Root apical and sub-apical calcium signatures may operate independently of each other but an apical calcium increase can drive a sub-apical increase, consistent with a calcium wave.ConclusionDORN1 could underpin several calcium-related responses but it may not be the only receptor for extracellular ATP in Arabidopsis. The root has the capacity for a calcium wave, triggered by extracellular ATP at the apex.

Published
2020
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9. Contribution of genetic resources to grain storage protein composition and wheat quality

Author

Michela Janni, Patricia Giraldo, Kunpu Zhang, Gérard Branlard, B. Wentzel, Tatsuya M. Ikeda, Maryke Labuschagne, Gilberto Igrejas, Daowen Wang, Zhonghu He, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center [Beijing] (CIMMYT), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [Portugal] (UTAD), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of the Free State [South Africa], College of Agronomy-State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science [Zhengzhou], Henan Agricultural University, Agricultural Research Council – Small Grain (ARC-SG), Gilberto Igrejas, Tatsuya M. Ikeda, Carlos Guzmán, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Polymers, Glutenin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wheat flour, Triticum aestivum, Context (language use), Technological tests, 01 natural sciences, Gliadin, 03 medical and health sciences, Storage protein, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, biology, business.industry, food and beverages, Durum wheat quality, Grain hardness, Gluten, Biotechnology, genetic resources, chemistry, Triticum durum, biology.protein, business, Protein quality, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The technological quality of wheat flour is defined by a range of dough characteristics relevant to the breadmaking processes and practices of individual countries and for particular products. The influence of storage protein diversity on wheat quality has been widely documented in the last three decades. The present chapter focuses on several aspects of wheat quality that merit more attention. The huge genetic diversity of wheat storage proteins means that all the possible allelic combinations and their interactions are too numerous to be tested in terms of their influence on the major quality parameters. However it is still relevant to describe the variation in rheological and viscoelastic properties of gluten in relation to its component proteins, glutenin and gliadin. Although gluten plays a major role in determining the properties of dough, the abundance of the two major storage protein fractions does not solely explain the observed variation in those properties. We therefore examine the influence of some genetic factors, including those affecting the protein composition, on the variation in the glutenin polymer sizes. Some examples will be given to illustrate how end-use quality can be improved by taking advantage of the available genetic resources in parallel with molecular genome analyses with the dual aim of widening the scope of characteristics that can be harnessed in breeding and ensuring consistent wheat quality in changing agro-climatic situations. The known alleles of the major genes are highlighted in the context of the challenges that the research community is facing regarding wheat allele nomenclature, exchange of gene bank material and the numerous quality attributes of interest. Finally, important research objectives are proposed for breeding future wheats with grain protein quality and technological properties tailored for different food products.

Published
2020
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10. Towards establishment of a centralized spider traits database

Author

Nuria Macías-Hernández, Boon Hui Wong, Stefano Mammola, Elizabeth C. Lowe, Wolfgang Nentwig, Jonas O. Wolff, Marie E. Herberstein, Radek Michalko, Tracy Lynn Audisio, Kaïna Privet, Stanislav Pekár, Klaus Birkhofer, Gabriele Uhl, Filipe Chichorro, Julien Pétillon, Donald James McLean, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Charles R. Haddad, Catherine Scott, Fernando Urbano-Tenorio, Alfonso Aceves-Aparicio, Marco Isaia, Vasco Veiga Branco, Pedro Cardoso, Caroline Sayuri Fukushima, Henrik Krehenwinkel, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, Macquarie University, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), Universidade dos Açores, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), University of the Free State [South Africa], University of Turin, Universität Trier, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia = Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Universität Bern [Bern], Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Acadia University, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, National University of Singapore (NUS), ICA organizing committee, International Society of Arachnology, Macquarie University Species Spectrum Research Center, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Australian Research CouncilAustralian Research Council [DE190101338], Australian Research Council, Zoology, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Trier University, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, comparative analysis, Ecology (disciplines), Population, 010607 zoology, Functional diversity, Biology, functional ecology, Evolutionary ecology, ECOLOGY, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DISPERSAL, DRIVERS, BETA-DIVERSITY, education, Phenotypic traits, functional diversity, functional ecology, ecosystem functioning, evolutionary ecology, comparative analysis, Spider, Functional ecology, education.field_of_study, Database, Phenotypic traits, Comparative analysis, Phenotypic trait, 15. Life on land, functional diversity, EVOLUTION, CLIMATE, SIZE, Insect Science, ecosystem functioning, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, evolutionary ecology, Ecosystem functioning, Trait, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer
Abstract

A main goal of ecological and evolutionary biology is understanding and predicting interactions between populations and both abiotic and biotic environments, the spatial and temporal variation of these interactions, and the effects on population dynamics and performance. Trait-based approaches can help to model these interactions and generate a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. A central tool is the collation of databases that include species trait information. Such centralized databases have been set up for a number of organismal groups but is lacking for one of the most important groups of predators in terrestrial ecosystems – spiders. Here we promote the collation of an open spider traits database, integrated into the global Open Traits Network. We explore the current collation of spider data and cover the logistics of setting up a global database, including which traits to include, the source of data, how to input data, database governance, geographic cover, accessibility, quality control and how to make the database sustainable long-term. Finally, we explore the scope of research questions that could be investigated using a global spider traits database., This paper was written as a result of a workshop at the International Congress of Arachnology in Christchurch, New Zealand 2019. We would like to thank the ICA organizing committee and the International Society of Arachnology for their support, the Macquarie University Species Spectrum Research Center and a Pentti Tuomikoski Grant from the Finnish Museum of Natural History for financial support. JOW was supported by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award of the Australian Research Council (DE190101338).

Published
2020
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11. Genetic origins and diversity of bushpigs from Madagascar (Potamochoerus larvatus, family Suidae)

Author

Steven M. Goodman, Miguel Pedrono, Michael J. Herrera, Jenna Day, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Jaime Gongora, Peter J. Taylor, Carol Lee, Guillaume Besnard, The University of Sydney, Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Venda, University of the Free State [South Africa], University of the Philippines Diliman (UP Diliman), Sydney, to undertake this study. P.J.T. acknowledges the funding of the Department of Science and Technology(DST) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) through the South African Research Chairs initiative(SARChI) Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, hosted at the University of Venda and co-hosted by the Cenrefor Invasion Biology at University of Stellenbosch (NRF Grant number 87311). GB is supported by the LABEXTULIP (ANR-10-LABX-0041) and CEBA (ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Venda [South Africa] (UNIVEN), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Phylogénie, Swine, Family suidae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Système mhc, lcsh:Medicine, Subspecies, Evolutionary ecology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Suidae, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, media_common, Multidisciplinary, biology, Repertoire, Ecological genetics, Potamochoerus, génétique animale, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mainland, Molecular ecology, geographic locations, media_common.quotation_subject, Adaptive immunity, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Africa, Southern, 03 medical and health sciences, Variation génétique, parasitic diseases, Madagascar, Animals, Humans, Taxonomy, Haplotype, lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, biology.organism_classification, L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, lcsh:Q, Diversity (politics), Founder effect
Abstract

The island of Madagascar, situated off the southeast coast of Africa, shows the first evidence of human presence ~ 10,000 years ago; however, other archaeological data indicates a settlement of the modern peoples of the island distinctly more recent, perhaps > 1500 years ago. Bushpigs of the genus Potamochoerus (family Suidae), are today widely distributed in Madagascar and presumed to have been introduced from Africa at some stage by human immigrants to the island. However, disparities about their origins in Madagascar have been presented in the literature, including the possibility of endemic subspecies, and few empirical data are available. Furthermore, the separation of bushpigs in Madagascar from their mainland relatives may have favoured the evolution of a different repertoire of immune genes first due to a founder effect and then as a response to distinct pathogens compared to their ancestors. Molecular analysis confirmed the species status of the bushpig in Madagascar as P. larvatus, likely introduced from the central region of southern Africa, with no genetic evidence for the recognition of eastern and western subspecies as suggested from previous cranial morphology examination. Investigation of the immunologically important SLA-DQB1 peptide-binding region showed a different immune repertoire of bushpigs in Madagascar compared to those on the African mainland, with seventeen exon-2 haplotypes unique to bushpigs in Madagascar (2/28 haplotypes shared). This suggests that the MHC diversity of the Madagascar populations may have enabled Malagasy bushpigs to adapt to new environments.

Published
2020
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12. Ancient hybridization and strong adaptation to viruses across African vervet monkey populations

Author

Svardal, Hannes, Jasinska, Anna, Apetrei, Cristian, Coppola, Giovanni, Huang, Yu, Schmitt, Christopher, Jacquelin, Béatrice, Ramensky, Vasily, Müller-Trutwin, Michaela, Antonio, Martin, Weinstock, George, Grobler, J. Paul, Dewar, Ken, Wilson, Richard, Turner, Trudy, Warren, Wesley, Freimer, Nelson, Nordborg, Magnus, Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, The McDonnell Genome Institute (MGI), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), H.S. has been supported by a travel grant from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research. C.A. is supported by RO1 AI119346 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Informatics Center for Neurogenetics and Neurogenomics (P30 NS062691). We would like to thank F. Gao for assistance with microarray data analysis., Samples were collected through the UCLA Systems Biology Sample Repository funded by US National Institutes of Health grants R01RR016300 and R01OD010980 to N.F. For permits allowing us to collect samples, we thank the Gambia Department of Parks & Wildlife Management, the Botswana Ministry of Environment & Wildlife and Tourism, the Ghana Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, the Zambia Wildlife Authority, the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, the Ministry of Forestry & the Environment, Department of Environmental Affairs, South Africa, the Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs, Eastern Cape, the Department of Tourism, Environmental and Economic Affairs, Free State, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, KwaZulu-Natal, and the Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism, Limpopo. We also thank G. Redmond and the St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation for facilitating sample collection in St. Kitts and Nevis. We thank J. Brenchley, K. Reimann (R24OD010976), and J. Baulu and the Barbados Primate Research Center and Wildlife Reserve for providing samples of Tanzanian origin and Barbadian vervets. For help with sample collection and processing, we thank J. Danzy-Cramer, Y. Jung, O. Morton and J. Freimer. We thank J. Kamm for discussion, Ü. Seren, J. Wasserscheid and N. Juretic for IT support, and R. Halai for help with figure design, University of California, HIV, Inflammation et persistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris], and University of the Free State [South Africa]

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, medicine.disease_cause, Medical and Health Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reticulate, Chlorocebus aethiops, Gene Regulatory Networks, Vervet monkey, Phylogeny, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Simian immunodeficiency virus, Biological Sciences, Phenotype, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Biotechnology, Physiological, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Genetic, Species Specificity, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Adaptation, Gene, Hybridization, 030304 developmental biology, Gene Expression Profiling, Human Genome, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Macaca mulatta, Gene Ontology, Good Health and Well Being, Africa, African Green Monkey, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Vervet monkeys (genusChlorocebus, also known as African green monkeys), are highly abundant in savannahs and riverine forests throughout sub-Saharan Africa. They are amongst the most widely distributed nonhuman primates, show considerable phenotypic diversity, and have long been an important biomedical model for a variety of human diseases and in vaccine research. They are particularly interesting for HIV/AIDS research as they are the most abundant natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a close relative of HIV. Here we present the first genome-wide survey of polymorphism in vervets, using sequencing data from 163 individuals sampled from across Africa and the Caribbean islands where vervets were introduced during the colonial era. We find high diversity, within and between taxa, and clear evidence that taxonomic divergence was reticulate rather than following a simple branching pattern. A scan for diversifying selection across vervet taxa yields gene enrichments much stronger than in similar studies on humans. In particular, we report strong and highly polygenic selection signals affecting viral processes --- in line with recent evidence that proposes a driving role for viruses in protein evolution in mammals. Furthermore, selection scores are highly elevated in genes whose human orthologs interact with HIV, and in genes that show a response to experimental SIV infection in vervet monkeys but not in rhesus macaques, suggesting that part of the signal reflects taxon-specific adaptation to SIV. Intriguingly, rather than affecting genes with antiviral and inflammatory-related functions, selection in vervets appears to have primarily targeted genes involved in the transcriptional regulation of viruses, and in particular those that are harmful only under immunodeficiency, suggesting adaptation to living with SIV rather than defense against infection.

Published
2019

13. Early Extracellular ATP Signaling in Arabidopsis Root Epidermis: A Multi-Conductance Process

Author

Julia M. Davies, Valérie Legué, Gary Stacey, Limin Wang, Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier, Bruno Moulia, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Legué, Valérie [0000-0003-2090-9580], Moulia, Bruno [0000-0002-3099-0207], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, P2K1, channel, Plant Science, permeable channels, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, navigable canals, Arabidopsis, root epidermis, Membrane potential, NADPH oxidase, Vegetal Biology, biology, Chemistry, ROS, anion, cation channels, Cell biology, Second messenger system, Perspective, plasma-membrane ca2+, h+-atpase, medicine.drug, nitric-oxide, lcsh:Plant culture, k+ channel, 03 medical and health sciences, Cyclic nucleotide, medicine, Extracellular, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, lcsh:SB1-1110, ATP, DORN1, cyclic-nucleotide, anion channels, electrical-properties, nadph oxidase, Plant Sciences, canal, biology.organism_classification, Adenosine, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, anions, Cation transport, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is an important extracellular signaling agent, operating in growth regulation, stomatal conductance, and wound response. With the first receptor for extracellular ATP now identified in plants (P2K1/DORN1) and a plasma membrane NADPH oxidase revealed as its target, the search continues for the components of the signaling cascades they command. The Arabidopsis root elongation zone epidermal plasma membrane has recently been shown to contain cation transport pathways (channel conductances) that operate downstream of P2K1 and could contribute to extracellular ATP (eATP) signaling. Here, patch clamp electrophysiology has been used to delineate two further conductances from the root elongation zone epidermal plasma membrane that respond to eATP, including one that would permit chloride transport. This perspective addresses how these conductances compare to those previously characterized in roots and how they might operate together to enable early events in eATP signaling, including elevation of cytosolic-free calcium as a second messenger. The role of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that could arise from eATP's activation of NADPH oxidases is considered in a qualitative model that also considers the regulation of plasma membrane potential by the concerted action of the various cation and anion conductances. The molecular identities of the channel conductances in eATP signaling remain enigmatic but may yet be found in the multigene families of glutamate receptor-like channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, annexins, and aluminum-activated malate transporters.

Published
2019
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14. Habitat characteristics and species interference influence space use and nest-site occupancy: implications for social variation in two sister species

Author

Guila Ganem, Claire M. S. Dufour, Neville Pillay, Johan Watson, Etienne Loire, Nico L. Avenant, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of the Free State [South Africa], Free State Department of Tourism, Environmental and Economics Affairs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Harvard University, and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Sympatry, Rhabdomys, Parapatric speciation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nest, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sociality, Ecological niche, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Écologie des populations, Compétition interspécifique, Écologie animale, L20 - Écologie animale, Social evolution, Nidification, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Comportement animal
Abstract

International audience; Nest-site selection is an important component of species socio-ecology, being a crucial factor in establishment of group living. Consequently, nest-site characteristics together with space-use proxies may reveal the social organization of species, which is critical when direct observation of social interactions is hindered in nature. Importantly, nest-site choice is expected to be under strong selective pressures and the object of intra- and inter-specific competition. Although the bulk of research on sociality focuses on its ecological drivers, our study introduces interspecific competition as a potential factor that could influence social evolution. We investigated the influence of habitat and interspecific competition on the social organization of two sister species of the African four striped mouse (Rhabdomys dilectus dilectus and Rhabdomys bechuanae) in a similar macroenvironment. These species diverged in allopatry and occupy distinct environmental niches. We radiotracked 140 adults to identify their nest-sites, determine nest characteristics and record groups that shared nest-sites. Group cohesion was estimated from nest-site fidelity, group association strength, and home range overlap within versus between group members. We compared the two species in sympatry versus parapatry to determine the impact of species interference on sociality. In parapatry, the two species selected distinct nest-site types, interpreted as different anti-predator strategies: R. bechuanae selected fewer, spaced, less concealed nest-sites whereas R. d. dilectus selected clumped and less visible nest-sites. Rhabdomys bechuanae also showed more cohesive and stable social groups than R. d. dilectus. In sympatry, compared to R. bechuanae, R. d. dilectus occupied similar nest-sites, however slightly more exposed and clumped, and displayed similar nest-site fidelity and group association strength. We conclude that although habitat selection may be an important driver of social divergence in Rhabdomys, species interference, by limiting R. d. dilectus movements and forcing nest-site sharing may induce new ecological pressures that could influence its social evolution.

Published
2018
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15. Characterization of casein and alpha lactalbumin of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) milk

Author

Diederick Johannes Opperman, H. E. Patterton, Gary Osthoff, Hugh-Georges Patterton, Moses Madende, Patrice Martin, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State [South Africa], Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, University of the Free State (Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa), National Research Foundation (Pretoria, South Africa), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and European Project: 315146,EC:FP7:SME,FP7-SME-2012,SWARMONITOR(2012)

Subjects
Whey protein, animal structures, Protein Conformation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Elephants, Molecular Sequence Data, casein, African elephant, chemistry.chemical_compound, biology.animal, Casein, alpha-lactalbumin, Genetics, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, protein structure, Lactose, Peptide sequence, Micelles, lactalbumine alpha, Lactalbumin, chemistry.chemical_classification, milk, caséine, structure de la protéine, biology, Caseins, éléphant d'afrique, Oligosaccharide, lait, Whey Proteins, Biochemistry, chemistry, Alpha-lactalbumin, biology.protein, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Sequence Alignment, Food Science
Abstract

The current research reports partial characterization of the caseins and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) of the African elephant with proposed unique structure-function properties. Extensive research has been carried out to understand the structure of the casein micelles. Crystallographic structure elucidation of caseins and casein micelles is not possible. Consequently, several models have been developed in an effort to describe the casein micelle, specifically of cow milk. Here we report the characterization of African elephant milk caseins. The kappa-caseins and beta-caseins were investigated, and their relative ratio was found to be approximately 1:8.5, whereas alpha-caseins were not detected. The gene sequence of beta-casein in the NCBI database was revisited, and a different sequence in the N-terminal region is proposed. Amino acid sequence alignment and hydropathy plots showed that the kappa-casein of African elephant milk is similar to that of other mammals, whereas the beta-casein is similar to the human protein, and displayed a section of unique AA composition and additional hydrophilic regions compared with bovine caseins. Elephant milk is destabilized by 62% alcohol, and it is speculated that the beta-casein characteristics may allow maintenance of the colloidal nature of the casein micelle, a role that was previously only associated with K-casein. The oligosaccharide content of milk was reported to be low in dairy animals but high in some other species such as humans and elephants. In the milk of the African elephant, lactose and oligosaccharides both occur at high levels. These levels are typically related to the content of alpha-LA in the mammary gland and thus point to a specialized carbohydrate synthesis, where the whey protein alpha-LA plays a role. We report the characterization of African elephant alpha-LA. Homology modeling of the alpha-LA showed that it is structurally similar to crystal structures of other mammalian species, which in turn may be an indication that its functional properties, such as lactose synthesis, should not be impaired.

Published
2015
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16. Future prospects of fluoride based upconversion nanoparticles for emerging applications in biomedical and energy harvesting

Author

Vinod Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Sachin K. Maurya, Ram Sagar Yadav, Hendrik C. Swart, Marie-France Joubert, Surya Prakash Tiwari, University of the Free State [South Africa], Indian Institute of Technology [Dhanbad] (IIT DHANBAD - ISM), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Phonon, Oxide, Electrical properties and parameters, Physics::Optics, Inorganic compounds, Phosphor, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Ligands, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Quantum efficiency, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Nano, Materials Chemistry, Doping, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Oxides, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nanocrystals, chemistry, Optical materials, Optoelectronics, Nanoparticles, Phonons, 0210 nano-technology, business, Luminescence, Fluoride
Abstract

Rare earth doped/codoped phosphors have been extensively studied for different types of applications based on their intense luminescence features. For this, researchers have tried to choose the inorganic host matrices having both a low phonon cut-off frequency and a high refractive index. Many articles have been published on oxide based phosphor materials, but due to their high cut-off phonon frequency, use of these materials is restricted for optical based applications. This is why additional research has been carried out on fluoride based host materials because of their low phonon frequencies, low composition degradation, and high quantum efficiency. In this paper, the authors review the rare earth fluoride based host nano- and micromaterials for different applications and discuss possible mechanisms.Rare earth doped/codoped phosphors have been extensively studied for different types of applications based on their intense luminescence features. For this, researchers have tried to choose the inorganic host matrices having both a low phonon cut-off frequency and a high refractive index. Many articles have been published on oxide based phosphor materials, but due to their high cut-off phonon frequency, use of these materials is restricted for optical based applications. This is why additional research has been carried out on fluoride based host materials because of their low phonon frequencies, low composition degradation, and high quantum efficiency. In this paper, the authors review the rare earth fluoride based host nano- and micromaterials for different applications and discuss possible mechanisms.

Published
2018
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17. New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part IV

Author

Alireza Zamani, Omid Mirshamsi, Petr Dolejs, Yuri M. Marusik, Sergei L. Esyunin, Vladimir Hula, Philippe Ponel, University of Tehran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), National Museum of Natural History, Prague, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and PONEL, Philippe

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Middle East, new synonymy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 010607 zoology, Iranian Plateau, new records, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; In this paper one family (Hahniidae), six genera (Cyrtophora, Hahnia, Lachesana, Megamyrmaekion, Nita and Zodarion) and 30 species are recorded for the fauna of Iran for the first time, of which, 17 species are provided with digital taxonomic illustrations. Previous Iranian records of Euryopis flavomaculata (C. L. Koch, 1836) and Evippa caucasica Marusik, Guseinov & Koponen, 2003 are attributed to Eu. sexalbomaculata (Lucas, 1846) and Ev. onager Simon, 1895, respectively, and the hitherto questionable presence of Enoplognatha iraqi Najim, Al-Hadlak & Seyyar, 2015 in this country is confirmed. In addition, new provincial records are provided for 46 species. As a result of this paper, the number spider species known from Iran is raised to 647. On the basis of the comparison between our specimen and the available illustrations in the literature, the previous records of Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) from Israel and Lebanon are attributed to G. bithynica Kulczyński, 1903, which is a new record for both territories. Lastly, Ev. sector Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2017, recently described from UAE, is newly synonymized with Ev. fortis Roewer, 1955, and the holotype male of the latter is illustrated (which is also a new species record for UAE).

Published
2017
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18. Synthesis, Substitution Kinetics, and Electrochemistry of the First Tetrathiafulvalene-Containing β-Diketonato Complexes of Rhodium(I)

Author

Dominique Lorcy, Nathalie Bellec, Eleanor Fourie, Jannie C. Swarts, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Free State [South Africa], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Stereochemistry, Kinetics, chemistry.chemical_element, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Rhodium, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reaction rate constant, Heterocyclic Compounds, Organometallic Compounds, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Substitution reaction, Molecular Structure, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, Ketones, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Tetrathiafulvalene, Cyclooctadiene
Abstract

International audience; The synthesis of the first rhodium(I) cyclooctadiene complexes containing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) groups substituted on a beta-diketonato ligand in either the methine position (3 position), [Rh(cod)(H(3)CCOC{S-TTF-(MeS)(3)}COCH(3))] (3), or terminal position (1 position), [Rh(cod){(Me(3)-TTF)COCHCOCH(3)}] (4), is reported. The effect of the beta-diketonato substitution position on the kinetics of substitution of the TTF-containing beta-diketonato ligand with 1,10-phenanthroline from 3 and 4 to give [Rh(cod)(phen)](+), as well as on the electrochemical properties of 3 and 4, was investigated. Second-order substitution rate constants, k(2), in methanol were found to be almost independent of the substitution position, with 4 (k(2) = 2.09 x 10(3) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1)) reacting only about twice as fast as 3. An appreciable solvent pathway in the substitution mechanism was only observed for 4 with k(s) = 42 s(-1). A complete mechanism for both substitution reactions is proposed. The electrochemistry of 3 and 4 in CH(2)Cl(2)/0.10 mol dm(-3) [N((n)Bu)(4)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] showed three redox processes. Two of these were electrochemically reversible and are associated with the redox-active TTF group. For 3, TTF-based formal reduction potentials, E degrees', were observed at 0.082 and 0.659 V vs Fc/Fc(+), respectively; 4 exhibited them at -0.172 and 0.703 V vs Fc/Fc(+) at a scan rate of 100 mV s(-1). A Rh(II)/Rh(I) redox couple was observed at E degrees' = 0.89 V for 3, after both TTF oxidations were completed, and at 0.51 V for 4; this is between the two TTF redox processes. The more difficult oxidation of the Rh(I) center of 3 indicates more effective electron-withdrawing from the Rh(I) center to the first-oxidized TTF(+) group at the methine position of the beta-diketonato ligand of 3(+) than to the terminal-substituted TTF(+) group in 4(+).

Published
2010
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19. Terrestrial biosphere changes over the last 120 kyr

Author

Mark B. Bush, Jemma M. Finch, Laura Sadori, Trevor Hill, Shonil A. Bhagwat, Ulrich C Müller, Sandy P. Harrison, Takeshi Nakagawa, Babette A A Hoogakker, A. de Vernal, Judy R M Allen, Merna McKenzie, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Dan Penny, C. Tzedakis, Hermann Behling, Bianca Fréchette, Olga K. Borisova, M. Vandergoes, Brian Huntley, Alexander Correa-Metrio, Iain Colin Prentice, Peter Kershaw, Jennifer A. Hanselman, Wojciech Granoszewski, Eberhard Grüger, Joy S. Singarayer, Eric C. Grimm, Paul J. Valdes, Rob Marchant, Louis Scott, R. S. Anderson, Donatella Magri, A.A. Velichko, Janelle Stevenson, Cathy Whitlock, M.-P. Ledru, Elena Novenko, Robin S. Smith, William D. Gosling, Socorro Lozano-García, Fischer, H., Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Reading (UOR), Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment (BRIDGE), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol]-University of Bristol [Bristol], University of York [York, UK], Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, Durham University, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Geography of RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Florida Institute of Technology [Melbourne], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Polish Geological Institute, National Research Institute, Illinois State Museum, Centre for Past Climate Change (CPCC), School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Monash University [Melbourne], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Monash University [Clayton], Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) (LOEWE), Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Ritsumeikan University, EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, University of the Free State [South Africa], Australian National University (ANU), Climate Change Institute [Orono] (CCI), University of Maine, Department of Earth Sciences [MSU Bozeman], Montana State University (MSU), Department of Geography, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Terrestrial biosphere changes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, POLLEN-BASED RECONSTRUCTIONS, Biome, global and planetary change, C-14 YR BP, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, PRETORIA SALTPAN, ddc:550, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE, lcsh:TD169-171.8, GLACIAL-MAXIMUM, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Science & Technology, LATE-PLEISTOCENE, Biosphere, Temperate forest, Primary production, stratigraphy, Last Glacial Maximum, Geology, 15. Life on land, Tundra, MILLENNIAL-SCALE VARIABILITY, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Physical Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Physical geography, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, VEGETATION RECORDS, paleontology, PLANT MACROFOSSIL DATA, RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE, 0406 Physical Geography And Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

A new global synthesis and biomization of long (> 40 kyr) pollen-data records is presented and used with simulations from the HadCM3 and FAMOUS climate models and the BIOME4 vegetation model to analyse the dynamics of the global terrestrial biosphere and carbon storage over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Simulated biome distributions using BIOME4 driven by HadCM3 and FAMOUS at the global scale over time generally agree well with those inferred from pollen data. Global average areas of grassland and dry shrubland, desert, and tundra biomes show large-scale increases during the Last Glacial Maximum, between ca. 64 and 74 ka BP and cool substages of Marine Isotope Stage 5, at the expense of the tropical forest, warm-temperate forest, and temperate forest biomes. These changes are reflected in BIOME4 simulations of global net primary productivity, showing good agreement between the two models. Such changes are likely to affect terrestrial carbon storage, which in turn influences the stable carbon isotopic composition of seawater as terrestrial carbon is depleted in 13C.

Published
2016
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20. The genome of the vervet ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus )

Author

Nicoletta Archidiacono, Jennifer F. Hughes, George M. Weinstock, Yoon Jung, Christopher A. Schmitt, Angela Noll, Nelson B. Freimer, Matthew J. Jorgensen, Jennifer J. Tuscher, Nam Tran, Jason M. Brenchley, David H. O’Connor, Matthew W. Hahn, Eugene Redmond, Alex Nisbett, Roland Zahn, Hannes Svardal, Gary P. Schroth, Raquel García-Pérez, Magnus Nordborg, Nikoleta Juretic, Michael J. Montague, Gregg W.C. Thomas, Michel M. Dione, Julie A. Karl, Anna J. Jasinska, Wesley C. Warren, Jay R. Kaplan, Richard K. Wilson, Patrick Minx, Bronwen Aken, Mariano Rocchi, Colby Chiang, Françoise Thibaud-Nissen, Jessica Wasserscheid, Vasily Ramensky, Oi Wa Choi, Gennady Churakov, Roscoe Stanyon, Yu S. Huang, David Webb, Brian J. Raney, Jörn E. Schmitz, Milinn Kremitzki, Beatrice Jacquelin, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Juergen Schmitz, Rishi Nag, Tomas Marques-Bonet, LaDeana W. Hillier, Martin Antonio, Tina Graves, Trudy R. Turner, Kim Kyung, Ken Dewar, Chad Tomlinson, Roger W. Wiseman, Oronzo Capozzi, The McDonnell Genome Institute (MGI), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior [Los Angeles, Ca], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry [Poznań], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico [Barcelona] (CNAG), Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, University of the Free State [South Africa], University of Wisconsin-Madison, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center [Boston] (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Crucell Holland B.V, St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur [Paris], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), Illumina Incorporated [San Diego, CA, USA], Wake Forest School of Medicine [Winston-Salem], Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Hinxton], Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity (IEB), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), Funding to R.K.W. was provided by NIH-NHGRI grant 5U54HG00307907. Support for the Vervet Research Colony was provided by NIH grant RR019963/OD010965 to J.R.K. Funding to N.B.F. was provided by NIH grants R01RR016300 and R01OD010980. The French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS) provided funding to M.C.M.-T. Funding to M.R. and R.S. was provided by the Ministero della Universita’ e della Ricerca. Funding to K.D. was provided by Genome Canada and Genome Quebec. B.A. and R.N. acknowledge support from the Wellcome Trust (grant number WT095908) and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory., We thank the following organizations for providing sampling permits and permissions: Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, Zambia Wildlife Authority, Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, Republic of Ghana, and Gambia Department of Parks and Wildlife Management. We thank Dr. James L. Blanchard and Dr. Ivona Pandrea for vervet samples used to characterize MHC. We thank Josh McMichael and Josh Peck for figure assistance. We thank Joanne Nelson and Barbara Gillam for data submission. We thank the members of the library production group led by Catrina Fronick and sequencing led by Matt Cordes. We also thank the Medical Research Council Unit (MRC), The Gambia for their assistance, as well as all the veterinarians who worked with us to safely obtain samples., National Institutes of Health (US), National Human Genome Research Institute (US), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Genome Canada, EMBO, Wellcome Trust, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)

Subjects
animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chlorocebus aethiops, Cercopithecus aethiops, Medical and Health Sciences, Major Histocompatibility Complex, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, Genetics (clinical), Phylogeny, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Gene Rearrangement, education.field_of_study, Cercopithecini, Genome, biology, MESH: Genomics, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Karyotype, Genomics, Biological Sciences, 3. Good health, Rhesus macaque, Phylogeography, MESH: Phylogeography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Complete Genome assembly, primates, cercopithecini, Infection, Biotechnology, MESH: Computational Biology, Resource, Evolution, Bioinformatics, MESH: Gene Rearrangement, Population, Karyotype, Simis, Old World monkey, MESH: Molecular Sequence Annotation, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Chromosome Painting, Evolution, Molecular, MESH: Major Histocompatibility Complex, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], parasitic diseases, Genetics, Animals, MESH: Genome, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, education, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Genètica animal, MESH: Chromosome Painting, Human Genome, Molecular, Computational Biology, Genetic Variation, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Gene rearrangement, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cercopithecus aethiops, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Evolutionary biology, African Green Monkey
Abstract

Warren, Wesley C. et al., We describe a genome reference of the African green monkey or vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops). This member of the Old World monkey (OWM) superfamily is uniquely valuable for genetic investigations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), for which it is the most abundant natural host species, and of a wide range of health-related phenotypes assessed in Caribbean vervets (C. a. sabaeus), whose numbers have expanded dramatically since Europeans introduced small numbers of their ancestors from West Africa during the colonial era. We use the reference to characterize the genomic relationship between vervets and other primates, the intra-generic phylogeny of vervet subspecies, and genome-wide structural variations of a pedigreed C. a. sabaeus population. Through comparative analyses with human and rhesus macaque, we characterize at high resolution the unique chromosomal fission events that differentiate the vervets and their close relatives from most other catarrhine primates, in whom karyotype is highly conserved. We also provide a summary of transposable elements and contrast these with the rhesus macaque and human. Analysis of sequenced genomes representing each of the main vervet subspecies supports previously hypothesized relationships between these populations, which range across most of sub-Saharan Africa, while uncovering high levels of genetic diversity within each. Sequence-based analyses of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms reveal extremely low diversity in Caribbean C. a. sabaeus vervets, compared to vervets from putatively ancestral West African regions. In the C. a. sabaeus research population, we discover the first structural variations that are, in some cases, predicted to have a deleterious effect; future studies will determine the phenotypic impact of these variations., Funding to R.K.W. was provided by NIH-NHGRI grant 5U54HG00307907. Support for the Vervet Research Colony was provided by NIH grant RR019963/OD010965 to J.R.K. Funding to N.B.F. was provided by NIH grants R01RR016300 and R01OD010980. The French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS) provided funding to M.C.M.-T. Funding to M.R. and R.S. was provided by the Ministero della Universita’ e della Ricerca. Funding to K.D. was provided by Genome Canada and Genome Quebec. B.A. and R.N. acknowledge support from the Wellcome Trust (grant number WT095908) and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.

Published
2015
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21. Discovery of the VHE gamma-ray source HESS J1832-093 in the vicinity of SNR G22.7-0.2

Author

Julien Lefaucheur, J. Biteau, Matteo Cerruti, M. Holler, Matthias Weidinger, F. Krayzel, Tanya Edwards, M. Paz Arribas, Christo Venter, Dirk Lennarz, K. Dutson, F. Spies, Mateusz Janiak, Alexandre Marcowith, C. Jahn, S. Raab, A. Abramowski, C. L. Naumann, R. C. G. Chaves, M. K. Daniel, C. Stegmann, U. F. Katz, R. Moderski, A. Zech, Frank M. Rieger, Gilles Henri, G. Fontaine, Ullrich Schwanke, Iurii Sushch, Werner Hofmann, P. M. Chadwick, Nu. Komin, S. Krakau, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, A. Fiasson, S. Häffner, Pierre Brun, Ramin Marx, M. Mohamed, A. G. Akhperjanian, Christoph Deil, M. Kieffer, Denis Wouters, T. Kneiske, Stefan Ohm, Aion Viana, V. Sahakian, M. de Naurois, Martin Ward, Jim Hinton, P. Willmann, S. Pita, F. Stinzing, Michal Dyrda, R. Steenkamp, F. Ait Benkhali, S. Schwemmer, B. Opitz, B. Giebels, S. Schwarzburg, Cameron B Rulten, L. O'c. Drury, P. deWilt, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, W. Kluźniak, Sarah Kaufmann, K. Katarzyński, S. J. Nolan, S. Balenderan, S. Klepser, A. C. Clapson, Joachim Hahn, Andrea Santangelo, S. Colafrancesco, Guillaume Dubus, C. Couturier, L. Oakes, M. Tluczykont, Marek Jamrozy, J. Dyks, Andreas Quirrenbach, Łukasz Stawarz, Felix Aharonian, Manuel Meyer, Michael Zacharias, Heinrich J. Völk, Stefan Wagner, Gisela Anton, M. Mayer, Helene Sol, J. Brucker, P.P. Krüger, K. Valerius, R. Chalme-Calvet, M. Panter, R. D. Parsons, J. Harris, Quirin Weitzel, A. Cheesebrough, M. Gajdus, C. Romoli, L. Rob, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Daniel Sánchez, Konrad Bernlöhr, Jan Conrad, K. Stycz, P. Vincent, M. J. Vorster, J. F. Glicenstein, Tomasz Bulik, D. Fernandez, Vincent Marandon, Victor Zabalza, U. Menzler, Gianluca Giavitto, G. Cologna, C. van Eldik, B. van Soelen, I. Jung, B. Rudak, Kathrin Egberts, M. A. Kastendieck, B. Degrange, I. D. Davids, G. Pühlhofer, Markus Böttcher, G. Spengler, M. Füßling, G. Vasileiadis, J. Perez, Y. Cui, Karl Kosack, A. Jacholkowska, A. Reimer, Catherine Boisson, Felix Jankowsky, Fabio Acero, T. J. L. McComb, S. Rosier-Lees, H. Laffon, Andreas Hillert, J. Becker Tjus, T. Vuillaume, Michał Ostrowski, G. Lamanna, W. Domainko, M. Renaud, A. Balzer, M. V. Fernandes, Sabrina Casanova, B. Peyaud, Y. A. Gallant, H.-S. Zechlin, R. White, C. Trichard, Thomas Lohse, A. Wörnlein, M. Grudzińska, P. J. Meintjes, Francois Brun, M. Chrétien, Chia-Chun Lu, Anna Zajczyk, N. W. Pekeur, D. Kolitzus, M. Dalton, Gavin Rowell, A. Djannati-Ataï, Peter Eger, P. Wagner, Guy Pelletier, A. Förster, R. de los Reyes, C. Farnier, Martin Raue, Andrew M. Taylor, B. Khélifi, G. Hermann, Regis Terrier, F. Schüssler, T. Garrigoux, O. Hervet, P. Espigat, D. Klochkov, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, I. Oya, Jacek Niemiec, A. Lemière, Olaf Reimer, Michael Punch, N. Maxted, Anna Szostek, S. J. Fegan, Thomas Murach, Svenja Carrigan, E. Birsin, Petter Hofverberg, Emmanuel Moulin, André Schulz, J. Méhault, F. Feinstein, Dieter Horns, A. A. Zdziarski, J.-P. Tavernet, Yvonne Becherini, G. Maurin, M. H. Grondin, Francesca Volpe, Helen Poon, A. Lopatin, J.-P. Lenain, Reinhard Schlickeiser, Pol Bordas, Hugh Dickinson, E. O. Angüner, G. Heinzelmann, J. Bolmont, Anna Barnacka, Alicja Wierzcholska, T. Tavernier, Institut für Experimentalphysik [Hamburg], Universität Hamburg (UHH), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physikalisches Institut [Erlangen], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Physics [Durham], University of New Hampshire (UNH), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Universität Potsdam, Astronomical Observatory [Warsaw], Faculty of Physics [Warsaw] (FUW), University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Linnaeus University, Institut für Theoretische Physik IV [Bochum] (ITP4), Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Institut f¨ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut f¨ur Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universitat Innsbruck, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik [Tübingen] (IAAT), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Stockholm University, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), University of Adelaide, Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN (IFJ), Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Physik und Astrophysik [Potsdam], Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagiello?ski, Torun Centre for Astronomy (TCfA), Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of the Free State [South Africa], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Astronomical Observatory [Kraków], Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institut für Experimentalphysik [Innsbruck], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institute of Astronomy [Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), HESS, H.E.S.S. Collaboration, Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), 24420530 - Böttcher, Markus, 23909196 - Casanova, Sabrina, 13146629 - Davids, Isak Delberth, 11749903 - Krüger, Petrus Paulus, 22050574 - Pekeur, Nicolette Whilna, 24922986 - Sushch, Iurii, 12006653 - Venter, Christo, and 12792322 - Vorster, Michael Johannes

Subjects
Photon, ISM: individual objects: HESS J1832−093, Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hochenergie-Astrophysik Theorie - Abteilung Hofmann, Gamma rays: general, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, individual objects: HESS J1832−093 [ISM], Pulsar wind nebula, general. [Gamma-rays], Astroparticle physics, Gamma-rays: general, ISM: individual objects: HESS J1832-093, ISM: individual objects: SNR G22.7-0.2, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, individual objects: SNR G22.7−0.2 [ISM], Supernova remnant, HESS - Abteilung Hofmann, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Molecular cloud, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Gamma ray, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, ISM: individual objects: SNR G22.7−0.2, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [gamma-rays]
Abstract

Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 446(2), 1163 - 1169 (2015). doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2148, The region around the supernova remnant (SNR) W41 contains several TeV sources and has prompted the HESS Collaboration to perform deep observations of this field of view. This resulted in the discovery of the new very high energy (VHE) source HESS J1832−093, at the position $RA=18^{h}32^{m}50^{s} \pm 3^{s}_{stat}\pm2^{s}_{syst},Dec=−9^\circ22^{\prime} 36^{\prime\prime} \pm 32^{\prime\prime}_{stat} \pm 20^{\prime\prime}_{syst}(J2000)$, spatially coincident with a part of the radio shell of the neighbouring remnant G22.7−0.2. The photon spectrum is well described by a power law of index Γ = 2.6 $\pm$ 0.3$_{stat}$ $\pm$ 0.1$_{syst}$ and a normalization at 1 TeV of Φ$_{0}=(4.8 \pm 0.8_{stat} \pm 1.0_{syst}) ×10^{−13}cm^{−2}s^{−1}TeV^{−1}$. The location of the gamma-ray emission on the edge of the SNR rim first suggested a signature of escaping cosmic rays illuminating a nearby molecular cloud. Then a dedicated XMM–Newton observation led to the discovery of a new X-ray point source spatially coincident with the TeV excess. Two other scenarios were hence proposed to identify the nature of HESS J1832−093. Gamma-rays from inverse Compton radiation in the framework of a pulsar wind nebula scenario or the possibility of gamma-ray production within a binary system are therefore also considered. Deeper multiwavelength observations will help to shed new light on this intriguing VHE source., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Published
2015
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22. Fungal Planet Description Sheets:154-213

Author

Lisa A. Castlebury, Ulrike Damm, Mateusz Wilk, Charles S. Hodges, L Lesage-Meessen, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Elsie M. Cruywagen, H. Maleme, Christian Lechat, Monika Mętrak, L Zúñiga-Estrada, M Munster, Keith Clay, M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, Julia Pawłowska, Josep Guarro, C Silvera, Wijnand J. Swart, Silvia N.D. Mausse-Sitoe, María P. Martín, Alberto M. Stchigel, M.T. Telleria, Pedro W. Crous, Michael J. Wingfield, Peter Davison, A Sliwińska-Wyrzychowska, Josepa Gené, ShuaiFei Chen, M Hairaud, Matthew D. Barrett, Bernard Slippers, Hugo Madrid, Niklaus J. Grünwald, Lucas A. Shuttleworth, W.P. Mac Cormack, Carlos A. Pérez, Russell L. Barrett, Jolanda Roux, Z.W. de Beer, J Najafzadeh, J. F. Cano-Lira, Marta Wrzosek, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Margarita Dueñas, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Draginja Pavlic-Zupanc, M. Van der Bank, D I Archuby, G.S. de Hoog, Yasmina Marin-Felix, Andrew M. Minnis, S. L. Flory, Kevin D. Hyde, Alan R. Wood, Elaine Davison, Seonju Marincowitz, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chiang Mai University (CMU), University of Johannesburg (UJ), Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), North Carolina State University, Center for High Performance Simulation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias [Mexico] (INIFAP), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Independent, University of Western Australia, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mae Fah Luang University [Thaïlande] (MFU), Center for Forest Mycology Research (CFMR), University of Delaware [Newark], Agronomy Department, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Biology, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, ASCOfrance, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), University of Warsaw (UW), Jan Dlugosz University, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Instituto Antartico Argentino, Real Jardin Botanico (RJB), Universidad de la República, Endesa foundation, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, CSIC [2011HUI10, 2013CL0012], Thailand Research Fund [MRG5580163], San Ignacio de Huinay foundation, Naturalis journals & series, University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, and Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR)

Subjects
Teratosphaeria, Microfungi, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], novel fungal species, phylogeny, 030308 mycology & parasitology, botryosphaeriaceae, genera, 03 medical and health sciences, Diaporthe, colletotrichum-sansevieriae, Systematics, Botany, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, anamorph genus, 0303 health sciences, LSU, biology, south-africa, EPS-4, 15. Life on land, Botryosphaeriaceae, biology.organism_classification, 1st report, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie, Neofusicoccum, Calonectria, Ventilago, Laboratory of Phytopathology, phytophthora-ipomoeae, Ficinia, ITS DNA barcodes, sp-nov, leaf-blight
Abstract

Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Camarosporium aloes, Phaeococcomyces aloes and Phoma aloes from Aloe, C. psoraleae, Diaporthe psoraleae and D. psoraleae-pinnatae from Psoralea, Colletotrichum euphorbiae from Euphorbia, Coniothyrium prosopidis and Peyronellaea prosopidis from Prosopis, Diaporthe cassines from Cassine, D. diospyricola from Diospyros, Diaporthe maytenicola from Maytenus, Harknessia proteae from Protea, Neofusicoccum ursorum and N. cryptoaustrale from Eucalyptus, Ochrocladosporium adansoniae from Adansonia, Pilidium pseudoconcavum from Greyia radlkoferi, Stagonospora pseudopaludosa from Phragmites and Toxicocladosporium ficiniae from Ficinia. Several species were also described from Thailand, namely: Chaetopsina pini and C. pinicola from Pinus spp., Myrmecridium thailandicum from reed litter, Passalora pseudotithoniae from Tithonia, Pallidocercospora ventilago from Ventilago, Pyricularia bothriochloae from Bothriochloa and Sphaerulina rhododendricola from Rhododendron. Novelties from Spain include Cladophialophora multiseptata, Knufia tsunedae and Pleuroascus rectipilus from soil and Cyphellophora catalaunica from river sediments. Species from the USA include Bipolaris drechsleri from Microstegium, Calonectria blephiliae from Blephilia, Kellermania macrospora (epitype) and K. pseudoyuccigena from Yucca. Three new species are described from Mexico, namely Neophaeosphaeria agaves and K. agaves from Agave and Phytophthora ipomoeae from Ipomoea. Other African species include Calonectria mossambicensis from Eucalyptus (Mozambique), Harzia cameroonensis from an unknown creeper (Cameroon), Mastigosporella anisophylleae from Anisophyllea (Zambia) and Teratosphaeria terminaliae from Terminalia (Zimbabwe). Species from Europe include Auxarthron longisporum from forest soil (Portugal), Discosia pseudoartocreas from Tilia (Austria), Paraconiothyrium polonense and P. lycopodinum from Lycopodium (Poland) and Stachybotrys oleronensis from Iris (France). Two species of Chrysosporium are described from Antarctica, namely C. magnasporum and C. oceanitesii. Finally, Licea xanthospora is described from Australia, Hypochnicium huinayensis from Chile and Custingophora blanchettei from Uruguay. Novel genera of Ascomycetes include Neomycosphaerella from Pseudopentameris macrantha (South Africa), and Paramycosphaerella from Brachystegia sp. (Zimbabwe). Novel hyphomycete genera include Pseudocatenomycopsis from Rothmannia (Zambia), Neopseudocercospora from Terminalia (Zambia) and Neodeightoniella from Phragmites (South Africa), while Dimorphiopsis from Brachystegia (Zambia) represents a novel coelomycetous genus. Furthermore, Alanphillipsia is introduced as a new genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae with four species, A. aloes, A. aloeigena and A. aloetica from Aloe spp. and A. euphorbiae from Euphorbia sp. (South Africa). A new combination is also proposed for Brachysporium torulosum (Deightoniella black tip of banana) as Corynespora torulosa. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

Published
2013
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23. Multi-taxa coral reef community structure in relation to habitats in the Baa Atoll Man and Biosphere UNESCO Reserve (Maldives), and implications for its conservation

Author

Serge Andréfouët, Jean-Louis Menou, Mélanie A. Hamel, Lionel Bigot, Haizea Jimenez, Nicole Gravier-Bonnet, Y. Rilwan, S. Naeem, Chloé A.-F. Bourmaud, A. Shiham, Pascale Chabanet, Claude Payri, S. Sattar, L. Scott, Laurent Vigliola, Lydiane Mattio, Écosystémique des communautés récifales et de leurs usages dans le Pacifique insulaire (CoReUS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Thermodynamics - Dortmund, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Rarity, Biodiversity, Atoll, Aquatic Science, Biology, Distribution, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Habitat typology, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Conservation planning, Indian Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, Diversity, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Community structure, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Habitat, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

The distribution of species in their environment is largely defined by habitat characteristics. Both species and habitat distributions can be used to define conservation areas, especially in highly diversified ecosystems like coral reefs where biodiversity inventories are lacking. The main objective of this study was to test the relationship between multi-taxa community structure (defined by richness, species lists, and taxonomic distinctness) and habitat typology in the Man and Biosphere UNESCO Reserve of Baa Atoll (Maldives). Species richness per taxon was described at 18 stations located on different habitats mapped using high resolution satellite imagery. A total of 1012 species were described including 178 macroalgae, 173 corals, 121 hydroids, 351 fish and 189 (other) macro-invertebrates. Rarity was extremely high for macro-invertebrates, algae and hydrozoans. The results highlighted a marked difference in species composition between stations for macro-algae and corals but not for other groups (hydroids, fish and macro-invertebrates). These distribution patterns were not strongly correlated to differences in habitat characteristics, which created a weak spatial structure of communities between habitats probably caused by differential exposure of atolls to monsoons and the 1998 bleaching event. Community differences between stations were often due to rarity. Therefore, identifying a network of protected areas that includes occurrences of all species may pose challenges. This is overcome by conservation planning scenarios using medium-size (of the order of 1 km(2)) management units. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2012
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24. A multiple resistance locus on chromosome arm 3BS in wheat confers resistance to stem rust (Sr2), leaf rust (Lr27) and powdery mildew

Author

Wolfgang Spielmeyer, Etienne Paux, Evans Lagudah, R. Kota, Robert A. McIntosh, J. G. Ellis, Thomas Wicker, Z. A. Pretorius, Rohit Mago, Linda Tabe, James Breen, University of Zurich, Spielmeyer, W, Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Institute of Plant Biology, Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Mutant, bread wheat, 580 Plants (Botany), Stem rust, 01 natural sciences, 10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, complementary genes, Plant Immunity, seedling resistance, Triticum, Disease Resistance, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Ascomycota, biology, Chromosome Mapping, food and beverages, General Medicine, Phenotype, Chromosome Arm, 1305 Biotechnology, aestivum, Powdery mildew, Biotechnology, inorganic chemicals, puccinia recondita triciti, durable resistance, Locus (genetics), Plant disease resistance, Genes, Plant, Chromosomes, Plant, 03 medical and health sciences, 1311 Genetics, inheritance, 1102 Agronomy and Crop Science, Gene, Crosses, Genetic, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Basidiomycota, adult plant resistance, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, Genetic Loci, lr34, common wheat, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Sr2 is the only known durable, race non-specific adult plant stem rust resistance gene in wheat. The Sr2 gene was shown to be tightly linked to the leaf rust resistance gene Lr27 and to powdery mildew resistance. An analysis of recombinants and mutants suggests that a single gene on chromosome arm 3BS may be responsible for resistance to these three fungal pathogens. The resistance functions of the Sr2 locus are compared and contrasted with those of the adult plant resistance gene Lr34.

Published
2011
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25. Hydrophobic substrate utilisation by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and its potential applications

Author

Fickers, P., Benetti, P.-H., Waché, Yves, Marty, A., Mauersberger, S., Smit, M. S., Nicaud, J.-M., Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et Alimentaires (GPMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Microbioologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanostructures et Magnétisme (NM), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Systèmes et des Procédés (LMSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State [South Africa], Collection de Levures d'Intérêt Biotechnologique et Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (MGM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et Alimentaires ( GPMA ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Microbioologie, UMR INRA 1283 Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la. Nutrition et à l'Alimentation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie ( INAC ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire Nanostructures et Magnétisme ( NM ), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures ( SP2M - UMR 9002 ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie ( INAC ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Systèmes et des Procédés ( LMSP ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Technische Universität Dresden ( TUD ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire ( MGM ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon ( INA P-G ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
MESH : Yarrowia, MESH: Triglycerides, Yarrowia, INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION, MESH : Biotechnology, Substrate Specificity, HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTRATE, BIOREMEDIATION, ALKANE, Alkanes, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, MESH : Fatty Acids, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Triglycerides, MESH : Alkanes, BIOCONVERSION, MESH: Hydrophobicity, MESH : Substrate Specificity, Fatty Acids, MESH : Oils, OIL, MESH : Triglycerides, YARROWIA LIPOLYTICA, MESH: Fatty Acids, MESH: Alkanes, INDUSTRIE, CYTOCHROME P450, MESH: Oils, FATTY ACID, MESH: Biotechnology, LIPASE, MESH: Substrate Specificity, MESH: Yarrowia, MESH : Hydrophobicity, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Oils, [ INFO.INFO-BT ] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; The alkane-assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica degrades very efficiently hydrophobic substrates such as n-alkanes, fatty acids, fats and oils for which it has specific metabolic pathways. An overview of the oxidative degradation pathways for alkanes and triglycerides in Y. lipolytica is given, with new insights arising from the recent genome sequencing of this yeast. This includes the interaction of hydrophobic substrates with yeast cells, their uptake and transport, the primary alkane oxidation to the corresponding fatty alcohols and then by different enzymes to fatty acids, and the subsequent degradation in peroxisomal beta-oxidation or storage into lipid bodies. Several enzymes involved in hydrophobic substrate utilisation belong to multigene families, such as lipases/esterases (LIP genes), cytochromes P450 (ALK genes) and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases (POX genes). Examples are presented demonstrating that wild-type and genetically engineered strains of Y. lipolytica can be used for alkane and fatty-acid bioconversion, such as aroma production, for production of SCP and SCO, for citric acid production, in bioremediation, in fine chemistry, for steroid biotransformation, and in food industry. These examples demonstrate distinct advantages of Y. lipolytica for their use in bioconversion reactions of biotechnologically interesting hydrophobic substrates.

Published
2005
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26. Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes

Author

T I Harrison-Prentice, Janelle Stevenson, Sandy P. Harrison, Colin J. Long, Jennifer R. Marlon, Hermann Behling, Lydie M Dupont, Scott Mooney, Douglas J. Hallett, Elin Norström, Christopher Carcaillet, Fumitaka Katamura, Natasha L. Williams, K. J. Brown, Frank H. Neumann, Hikaru Takahara, John Dodson, Sergey K. Krivonogov, Patrick J. Bartlein, Willy Tinner, C. Paitre, Florian Thevenon, G.M. Mckenzie, Donna D'Costa, M.P. Black, Aurélie Genries, Patricio I. Moreno, Iain Colin Prentice, Mitchell J. Power, Zewdu Eshetu, Geoffrey Hope, Patrick Moss, Lisa M. Kennedy, Elena Marinova, Simon Haberle, Megan K. Walsh, T.G. Kassa, Verushka Valsecchi, Sally P. Horn, Pierre Friedlingstein, Neil Roberts, Louis Scott, Valery T. Terwilliger, Daniel G. Gavin, Eric A. Colhoun, Rebecca Turner, Kenji Izumi, Peter Kershaw, Juliana Atanassova, Guy Robinson, Basil A. S. Davis, Maja Andrič, Yunlin Zhang, Donatella Magri, Naoko Sasaki, Anne-Laure Daniau, Olivier Blarquez, Scott Brewer, Damien Rius, Jun Inoue, Boris Vannière, Daniele Colombaroli, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Geography, University of Oregon [Eugene], School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], Grantham Institute for Climate Change and Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Botany Department, University of Wyoming ( UW ), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] ( EMPS ), University of Exeter, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Newton St. Cyres, Osaka University [Osaka], University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences ( UNSW - BEES ), University of New South Wales [Sydney] ( UNSW ), Utah Museum of Natural History, Department of Geography, University of Utah, University of Utah, Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University ( ANU ), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research ( OCCR ), University of Bern, Institute of Archaeology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Department of Botany, Sofia University 'Sv. Kliment Ohridski', Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Inst. for Plant Sciences, Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, British Columbia, Paléoenvironnement et chronoécologie UMR 5059-CNRS/Montpellier II/EPHE ( PALECO ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ), School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Institute of Environment, Science and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University [Clayton], Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, MARUM, Universität Bremen Postfach, Department of Paleoanthropology and Paleoenvironment, University of Addis Ababa, Department of Archaeology and Natural History ( RSPS ), Biogeoscience Institute, University of Calgary, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Seminar of Geography and Education, University of Cologne, Tokushu Kosho Gijutsu Inc, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, United Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( SB RAS ), Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity and Department of Ecological Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Department of Planning and Environmental Management, School of Geography, The University of Queensland, Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontology, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] ( WITS ), Forschungsstelle für Paläobotanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster ( WWU ), Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Département de Géographie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Geography, University of Plymouth, Department of Natural Sciences, Fordham College at Lincoln Center, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 ( ISTO ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Kansas [Lawrence] ( KU ), Forel Institute, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Pedagogic Research Institute and Observatory, University of Plymouth, Central Washington University, Natural Resources Policy Section, NSW Department of Premier and Cabinet, Institute of Botany, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Wyoming (UW), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Australian National University (ANU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléoenvironnement et chronoécologie UMR 5059-CNRS/Montpellier II/EPHE (PALECO), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Addis Ababa University (AAU), Department of Archaeology and Natural History (RSPS), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Fordham University [New York], Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)

Subjects
biomass burning, 010506 paleontology, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, temperature changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, sedimentary charcoal records, ddc:550, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Environmental Chemistry, Predictability, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biomass burning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Fire regime, Moisture, Holocene, Global warming, 15. Life on land, Sedimentary charcoal, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, climate controls on fire, holocene
Abstract

Climate is an important control on biomass burning, but the sensitivity of fire to changes in temperature and moisture balance has not been quantified. We analyze sedimentary charcoal records to show that the changes in fire regime over the past 21,000 yrs are predictable from changes in regional climates. Analyses of paleo- fire data show that fire increases monotonically with changes in temperature and peaks at intermediate moisture levels, and that temperature is quantitatively the most important driver of changes in biomass burning over the past 21,000 yrs. Given that a similar relationship between climate drivers and fire emerges from analyses of the interannual variability in biomass burning shown by remote-sensing observations of month-by-month burnt area between 1996 and 2008, our results signal a serious cause for concern in the face of continuing global warming. ispartof: Global Biogeochemical Cycles vol:26 issue:4 status: published

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