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1. Biodegradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions

Author

University of the Free State (South Africa), Valverde Portal, Ángel [0000-0003-0439-9605], Ojo, Abidemi Oluranti, Castillo, Julio, Cason, Errol Duncan, Valverde Portal, Ángel, University of the Free State (South Africa), Valverde Portal, Ángel [0000-0003-0439-9605], Ojo, Abidemi Oluranti, Castillo, Julio, Cason, Errol Duncan, and Valverde Portal, Ángel

Abstract

The biodegradation of chloroethene compounds under oxic and anoxic conditions is well established. However, the biological reactions that take place under microoxic conditions are unknown. Here, we report the biostimulated (BIOST: addition of lactate) and natural attenuated (NAT) degradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions by bacterial communities from chloroethene compounds-contaminated groundwater. The degradation of tetrachloroethene was significantly higher in NAT (15.14% on average) than in BIOST (10.13% on average) conditions at the end of the experiment (90 days). Sporomusa, Paracoccus, Sedimentibacter, Pseudomonas, and Desulfosporosinus were overrepresented in NAT and BIOST compared to the source groundwater. The NAT metagenome contains phenol hydrolase P1 oxygenase (dmpL), catechol-1,2-dioxygenase (catA), catechol-2,3-dioxygenases (dmpB, todE, and xylE) genes, which could be involved in the cometabolic degradation of chloroethene compounds; and chlorate reductase (clrA), that could be associated with partial reductive dechlorination of chloroethene compounds. Our data provide a better understanding of the bacterial communities, genes, and pathways potentially implicated in the reductive and cometabolic degradation of chloroethene compounds under microoxic conditions.

Published
2024

2. Synthesis, intermolecular interactions and biological activities of two new organic–inorganic hybrids C6H10N2,2Br and C6H10N2,2Cl·H2O

Author

Houcine Naïli, Intissar Hamdi, Moncef Nasri, Thierry Roisnel, Intidhar Bkhairia, Andreas Roodt, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, DPPH, General Chemical Engineering, Intermolecular force, General Chemistry, Crystal structure, Triclinic crystal system, 010402 general chemistry, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Crystal, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Crystallization, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

International audience; A slow evaporation method has permitted the crystallization of two novel crystals of (2-aminomethyl)pyridindiumdihalide C6H10N2,2Br (1) and C6H10N2,2Cl center dot H2O (2). The structures of the prepared compounds (1) and (2) were elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction which revealed that they crystallize, respectively, with triclinic and monoclinic symmetries. Their crystal packing was stabilized by non-covalent interactions, including N-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISBr, C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISBr, N-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISCl, O-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISCl and N-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISO hydrogen bonds. 3-D Hirshfeld surface analysis followed by 2-D fingerprint schemes gives insights into the intermolecular interactions in the crystalline structure. Furthermore, the FT-IR spectroscopy of these two compounds was carried out. The synthesized products were also screened for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which reveals their favourable antioxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as the discolouration of beta-carotene.

Published
2020
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3. High genetic variation and phylogeographic relations among Palearctic fairy shrimp populations reflect persistence in multiple southern refugia during Pleistocene ice ages and postglacial colonisation

Author

Bram Vanschoenwinkel, Dunja Lukić, Monika Mioduchowska, Luc Brendonck, Bernard Geudens, Tom Pinceel, Nicolas Rabet, Aline Waterkeyn, WasserCluster Lunz, Interuniversity Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna [Vienna], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Gdańsk (UG), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), University of the Free State [South Africa], 29898382 - Brendonck, Luc Gerard Eric, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and Biology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Species complex, CONSERVATION, Branchiopoda, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, INVERTEBRATES, DISPERSAL, Marine & Freshwater Biology, temporary ponds, 14. Life underwater, BRANCHIPUS-SCHAEFFERI, dispersal, freshwater, Clade, Molecular clock, Science & Technology, Ecology, Phylogenetic tree, ANOSTRACA, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, molecular clock, BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, LARGE BRANCHIOPODS, Phylogeography, CRUSTACEA, Evolutionary biology, Anostraca, Biological dispersal, MRBAYES, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, habitat destruction
Abstract

International audience; Intense anthropogenic disturbance threatens temporary pond ecosystems and their associated fauna across the Palearctic. Since fairy shrimps (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) are endemic to temporary ponds, populations are declining due to habitat loss and it is important to define adequate units for conservation. Phylogeographic reconstructions, based on genetic variation, provide valuable information for defining evolutionary and conservation units, especially for organisms with high levels of cryptic diversity like many fairy shrimps. We studied a total of 152 individuals of the fairy shrimp Branchipus schaefferi from 79 populations across the Palearctic and used mitochondrial (CO1) and nuclear (ITS1) DNA data to reconstruct the phylogeography of the species. Our results show that B. schaefferi comprises four highly diverged (10.3–16.5%) evolutionary clades. The present‐day haplotypes within each of the clades probably diverged from lineages that were maintained in separate refugia during the Pleistocene ice ages. While two clades represent distinct geographic regions, the two remaining clades have more wide and overlapping ranges. In addition, the limited number of shared haplotypes among populations from geographically distant regions within three of the clades suggest recent long‐distance dispersal events. Overall, the studied B. schaefferi dataset comprises high levels of genetic differentiation, without a clear morphological signal. Phylogenetic searches and pairwise genetic distances suggest that the studied lineages belong to a complex of four morphologically cryptic species. Since these four evolutionary old clades persist (±2 million years), despite overlapping geographic ranges and since they span a variety of ecological conditions, they should be considered as separate evolutionary significant units for conservation.

Published
2019
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4. High-quality carnivoran genomes from roadkill samples enable comparative species delineation in aardwolf and bat-eared fox

Author

Marie-Ka Tilak, Erwan Corre, Frédéric Delsuc, Andrew C. Kitchener, Nico L. Avenant, Rémi Allio, Benoit Nabholz, Celine Scornavacca, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, University of the Free State [South Africa], Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (FR2424), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (ABIMS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Systematics, roadkill, population genomics, QH301-705.5, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Roadkill, Biodiversity, Foxes, Context (language use), Subspecies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Population genomics, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenomics, genomics, Animals, genetics, Biology (General), Genome, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, General Neuroscience, evolutionary biology, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genetics and Genomics, phylogenomics, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Nanopore Sequencing, 030104 developmental biology, species delimitation, Otocyon megalotis, Evolutionary biology, Medicine, carnivora, Hyaenidae, Other, Research Article
Abstract

In a context of ongoing biodiversity erosion, obtaining genomic resources from wildlife is essential for conservation. The thousands of yearly mammalian roadkill provide a useful source material for genomic surveys. To illustrate the potential of this underexploited resource, we used roadkill samples to study the genomic diversity of the bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) and the aardwolf (Proteles cristatus), both having subspecies with similar disjunct distributions in Eastern and Southern Africa. First, we obtained reference genomes with high contiguity and gene completeness by combining Nanopore long reads and Illumina short reads. Then, we showed that the two subspecies of aardwolf might warrant species status (P. cristatus and P. septentrionalis) by comparing their genome-wide genetic differentiation to pairs of well-defined species across Carnivora with a new Genetic Differentiation index (GDI) based on only a few resequenced individuals. Finally, we obtained a genome-scale Carnivora phylogeny including the new aardwolf species.

Published
2021
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5. Relevance of ddRADseq method for species and population delimitation of closely related and widely distributed wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Author

Vladislav Ivanov, Yuri Marusik, Julien Pétillon, Marko Mutanen, University of Oulu, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kvantum-instituutti, Oulun Yliopisto, 277984, Academy of Finland, Suomen Hyönteistieteellinen Seura, University of the Free State [South Africa], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
Likelihood Functions, Principal Component Analysis, Population genetics, Science, Restriction Mapping, Spiders, Sequence Analysis, DNA, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Article, Electron Transport Complex IV, Phylogenetics, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Haplotypes, Species Specificity, Databases, Genetic, Medicine, Animals, Zoology, Phylogeny, Taxonomy
Abstract

International audience; Although species delimitation is often controversial, emerging DNA-based and classical morphology-based methods are rarely compared using large-scale samplings, even less in the case of widely distributed species that have distant, allopatric populations. In the current study, we examined species boundaries within two wolf spider species of the genus Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae), P. riparia and P. palustris. Wolf spiders constitute an excellent model for testing the relevance of traditional vs. modern methods in species and population delimitation because several closely related species are distributed over cross-continental geographic ranges. Allopatric populations of the two Pardosa species were sampled across Europe to Far East Russia (latitudinal range > 150°) and several dozen individuals were studied using morphological characters (morphometry of three measures for both sexes, plus five in males only and two in females only), DNA barcoding (COI sequencing) and double-digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). The results obtained allow for changing the taxonomic status of two Far East Russian populations to subspecies and ddRADseq proved to be a powerful tool for taxonomic research despite scarce sampling and inherent subjectivity of species delimitation in allopatry. Overall, this study pleads for both multi-criteria and more population-based studies in taxonomy.

Published
2021
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6. Online Gamers, Lived Experiences, and Sense of Belonging: Students at the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein

Author

Dominika Byczkowska-Owczarek, Jan K. Coetzee, Leane Ackermann, Florian Elliker, André J. Pietersen, André J. Pietersen, Jan K. Coetzee, Florian Elliker, Leane Ackermann - University of the Free State, South Africa, University of Lodz, Poland, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, University of the Free State, South Africa, and florian.elliker@unisg.ch

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:HM401-1281, Online Video Gaming, Entertainment, Phenomenology (philosophy), Perception, Immersion, 0601 history and archaeology, Narrative, Sociology, Interpretive Sociology, Social constructivism, media_common, 060101 anthropology, Socialization, 05 social sciences, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Media studies, General Social Sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, Escapism, lcsh:Sociology (General), Feeling, 050903 gender studies, Sense of Belonging, Phenomenology, 0509 other social sciences, Lived Experiences
Abstract

Individuals who partake in video games are often regarded with prejudice. It is an activity that is perceived to be mainly related to senseless leisure and teenage entertainment. However, many diverse people make video games such an important part of their lives that they become passionately engaged in it. Video games and online video gaming offer the player immersive experiences unlike any other forms of media. A phenomenological and interpretive exploration is undertaken in order to gain a deeper understanding of the narratives of online gamers and their experiences of a sense of belonging to the associated online communities. Through the use of in-depth interviews, the article explores various aspects of the life stories of a group of eight South African university students. It attempts to show how online gaming has become a part of their lifeworlds. The aim of this article is to present the narratives of online gamers as rich and descriptive accounts that maintain the voices of the participants. Various aspects of the lifeworlds of online gamers are explored. Firstly, an exploration is undertaken to gain an understanding of what it means to be a gamer. It focuses on how a person can become involved with gaming and how it can evolve into something that a person is engaged with on a daily basis. Secondly, it explores how video games influence the perception of reality of gamers. Immersion in video games can transfer a player into an alternative reality and can take the focus away from the real world. This can lead to feelings of joy and excitement, but can also lead to escapism. Lastly, the article shifts attention towards how online video gamers experience online communities. Players can have positive experiences with random strangers online, but because of the anonymous nature of the online environment, it can also lead to negative and isolating experiences. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2019
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7. A Shock to the System: HIV among Older African Women in Zimbabwe

Author

Ndakaitei Chikonzo, Florian Elliker, Asta Rau, Jan K. Coetzee, Amanda Young-Hauser, Anne Ryen, Ndakaitei Chikonzo, Asta Rau, Jan K. Coetzee - University of the Free State, South Africa, University of Agder, Norway, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, University of the Free State, South Africa, Massey University, New Zealand, University of the Free State, South Africa, anne.ryen@uia.no, and florian.elliker@unisg.ch

Subjects
Zimbabwe, Lifeworld, media_common.quotation_subject, Hiv epidemic, lcsh:HM401-1281, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV, General Social Sciences, Gender studies, medicine.disease_cause, Reality Shock, Shock (economics), lcsh:Sociology (General), Traditional values, Paradigm shift, medicine, Sociology, Everyday life, Older Women, Paradigm Shift, Courage, media_common
Abstract

HIV remains a threat to the ordinary everyday life of older woman in African society. In what can be called “a reality shock,” HIV challenges most of the ordinary everyday endeavors in conservative African societies as it imposes new Western prevention, treatment, and health-management methods over long-held African traditions. The reality of the “Western” HIV epidemic, and its impact on the “African” ordinary everyday life, demands that the infected undergo a paradigm shift in order for them to live harmoniously within their society. This calls for a re-examination of traditional values and a strong sense of responsibility, courage, and determination to remain relevant and not be considered odd in one’s community, especially as one grows old with the virus. The study, which focuses on the experiences of women from the Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe who are aging with HIV, observes that growing old with an HIV infection fosters forms of inner strength and wisdom that enable the infected to disregard some of the unquestioned traditions and employ effective ways of living well with the life-threatening condition. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2019
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8. Steady-state imperfect repair models

Author

Maxim Finkelstein, Yann Dijoux, Xingheng Liu, Jørn Vatn, Laboratoire Modélisation et Sûreté des Systèmes (LM2S), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and University of the Free State [South Africa]

Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation, 021103 operations research, Information Systems and Management, Steady state (electronics), General Computer Science, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Asymptotic distribution, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Management Science and Operations Research, Residual, Infinity, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Reduction (complexity), Modeling and Simulation, 0502 economics and business, Applied mathematics, Renewal theory, Imperfect, media_common, Mathematics
Abstract

International audience; Imperfect maintenance models are widely used in reliability engineering. This paper discusses relevant asymptotic properties for the steady-state virtual age processes. It is shown that the limiting distributions of age, the residual lifetime and the spread that describe an ordinary renewal process can be generalized to the stable virtual age process, although the cycles of the latter are not independent. Asymptotic distributions of the virtual age at time t, as well as of the virtual ages at the start and the end of a cycle containing t (as t tends to infinity) are explicitly derived for two popular in practice imperfect maintenance models, namely, the Arithmetic Reduction of Age (ARA) and the Brown–Proschan (BP) models. Some applications of the obtained results to maintenance optimization are discussed.

Published
2020
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9. The Creative Process. A Case for Meaning-Making

Author

Jan K. Coetzee, Phokeng T. Setai, Christoph Maeder, Magdalena Wojciechowska, Leane Ackermann, Phokeng T. Setai, Jan K. Coetzee, Leane Ackermann - University of the Free State, South Africa, University of Zurich, Switzerland, University of Lodz, Poland, University of the Free State, South Africa, and christoph.maeder@phzh.ch

Subjects
Intersubjectivity, Meaning, Lifeworld, Process (engineering), lcsh:HM401-1281, General Social Sciences, Meaning- Making, Symbols, lcsh:Sociology (General), Extant taxon, Expression (architecture), Typifications, Aesthetics, Meaning-making, Art-Making, Creative Process, Lived Experience, Sociology, Meaning (existential), Construct (philosophy), Signs, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Since the beginning of time art-making has been a tool to express, preserve, and challenge the extant knowledge in society. Artists do this by finding or creatively constructing new understandings in society. An artist is able to do this through the medium he/she uses to relay the message of the artwork. The medium that an artist uses to express his/her artistic concept has an impact on the character that the artwork will take. The medium of expression forms but one of the many considerations that go through an artist’s mind when creating art. In the process of art-making, an artist seeks to create new meanings or re-imagine old ones by organizing materials and concepts. In so doing, he/she discovers novel ways to get ideas across, and thereby creates new interpretations of social phenomena. In this article, attention is given to meaning-making as a conscious and iterative component of creating art. From a series of in-depth interviews, the authors analyze the inward processes that occur within six artists’ creative praxes and how these lead their construction of meaning. Attention is also paid to how the artists manipulate concepts and how they construct and deconstruct their understandings of these concepts in the course of their creative endeavors. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2018

10. DORN1/P2K1 and purino-calcium signalling in plants: making waves with extracellular ATP

Author

Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier, Katie A. Wilkins, Bruno Moulia, Julia M. Davies, Madhura G Bhat, Limin Wang, Elsa Matthus, Jian Sun, Amirah B Mohammad-Sidik, Valérie Legué, Gary Stacey, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Université de Jiangsu, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Wilkins, Katie [0000-0001-6513-856X], Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, ATPase, Aequorin, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Research In Context, ATP, calcium, DORN1, P2K1, reactive oxygen species, root, wave, plasma-membrane ca2+, heterotrimeric g-protein, nadph oxidase, arabidopsis-thaliana, gene-expression, guard-cell, inositol, hexakisphosphate, binding-protein, abscisic-acid, long-distance, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adenosine Triphosphate, Guard cell, Wave, Calcium signaling, Vegetal Biology, biology, Cell biology, onde, Second messenger system, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, atpase, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracellular, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Calcium Signaling, Dorn1, Arabidopsis Proteins, P2k1, racine, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Root, biology.protein, Reactive oxygen species, Adenosine triphosphate, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Background and AimsExtracellular ATP governs a range of plant functions, including cell viability, adaptation and cross-kingdom interactions. Key functions of extracellular ATP in leaves and roots may involve an increase in cytosolic free calcium as a second messenger (‘calcium signature’). The main aim here was to determine to what extent leaf and root calcium responses require the DORN1/P2K1 extracellular ATP receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. The second aim was to test whether extracellular ATP can generate a calcium wave in the root.MethodsLeaf and root responses to extracellular ATP were reviewed for their possible links to calcium signalling and DORN1/P2K1. Leaves and roots of wild type and dorn1 plants were tested for cytosolic calcium increase in response to ATP, using aequorin. The spatial abundance of DORN1/P2K1 in the root was estimated using green fluorescent protein. Wild type roots expressing GCaMP3 were used to determine the spatial variation of cytosolic calcium increase in response to extracellular ATP.Key ResultsLeaf and root ATP-induced calcium signatures differed markedly. The leaf signature was only partially dependent on DORN1/P2K1, while the root signature was fully dependent. The distribution of DORN1/P2K1 in the root supports a key role in the generation of the apical calcium signature. Root apical and sub-apical calcium signatures may operate independently of each other but an apical calcium increase can drive a sub-apical increase, consistent with a calcium wave.ConclusionDORN1 could underpin several calcium-related responses but it may not be the only receptor for extracellular ATP in Arabidopsis. The root has the capacity for a calcium wave, triggered by extracellular ATP at the apex.

Published
2020
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11. Contribution of genetic resources to grain storage protein composition and wheat quality

Author

Michela Janni, Patricia Giraldo, Kunpu Zhang, Gérard Branlard, B. Wentzel, Tatsuya M. Ikeda, Maryke Labuschagne, Gilberto Igrejas, Daowen Wang, Zhonghu He, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center [Beijing] (CIMMYT), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [Portugal] (UTAD), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of the Free State [South Africa], College of Agronomy-State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science [Zhengzhou], Henan Agricultural University, Agricultural Research Council – Small Grain (ARC-SG), Gilberto Igrejas, Tatsuya M. Ikeda, Carlos Guzmán, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Polymers, Glutenin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wheat flour, Triticum aestivum, Context (language use), Technological tests, 01 natural sciences, Gliadin, 03 medical and health sciences, Storage protein, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, biology, business.industry, food and beverages, Durum wheat quality, Grain hardness, Gluten, Biotechnology, genetic resources, chemistry, Triticum durum, biology.protein, business, Protein quality, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The technological quality of wheat flour is defined by a range of dough characteristics relevant to the breadmaking processes and practices of individual countries and for particular products. The influence of storage protein diversity on wheat quality has been widely documented in the last three decades. The present chapter focuses on several aspects of wheat quality that merit more attention. The huge genetic diversity of wheat storage proteins means that all the possible allelic combinations and their interactions are too numerous to be tested in terms of their influence on the major quality parameters. However it is still relevant to describe the variation in rheological and viscoelastic properties of gluten in relation to its component proteins, glutenin and gliadin. Although gluten plays a major role in determining the properties of dough, the abundance of the two major storage protein fractions does not solely explain the observed variation in those properties. We therefore examine the influence of some genetic factors, including those affecting the protein composition, on the variation in the glutenin polymer sizes. Some examples will be given to illustrate how end-use quality can be improved by taking advantage of the available genetic resources in parallel with molecular genome analyses with the dual aim of widening the scope of characteristics that can be harnessed in breeding and ensuring consistent wheat quality in changing agro-climatic situations. The known alleles of the major genes are highlighted in the context of the challenges that the research community is facing regarding wheat allele nomenclature, exchange of gene bank material and the numerous quality attributes of interest. Finally, important research objectives are proposed for breeding future wheats with grain protein quality and technological properties tailored for different food products.

Published
2020
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12. Towards establishment of a centralized spider traits database

Author

Nuria Macías-Hernández, Boon Hui Wong, Stefano Mammola, Elizabeth C. Lowe, Wolfgang Nentwig, Jonas O. Wolff, Marie E. Herberstein, Radek Michalko, Tracy Lynn Audisio, Kaïna Privet, Stanislav Pekár, Klaus Birkhofer, Gabriele Uhl, Filipe Chichorro, Julien Pétillon, Donald James McLean, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Charles R. Haddad, Catherine Scott, Fernando Urbano-Tenorio, Alfonso Aceves-Aparicio, Marco Isaia, Vasco Veiga Branco, Pedro Cardoso, Caroline Sayuri Fukushima, Henrik Krehenwinkel, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, Macquarie University, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), Universidade dos Açores, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), University of the Free State [South Africa], University of Turin, Universität Trier, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia = Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Universität Bern [Bern], Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Acadia University, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, National University of Singapore (NUS), ICA organizing committee, International Society of Arachnology, Macquarie University Species Spectrum Research Center, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Australian Research CouncilAustralian Research Council [DE190101338], Australian Research Council, Zoology, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Trier University, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, comparative analysis, Ecology (disciplines), Population, 010607 zoology, Functional diversity, Biology, functional ecology, Evolutionary ecology, ECOLOGY, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DISPERSAL, DRIVERS, BETA-DIVERSITY, education, Phenotypic traits, functional diversity, functional ecology, ecosystem functioning, evolutionary ecology, comparative analysis, Spider, Functional ecology, education.field_of_study, Database, Phenotypic traits, Comparative analysis, Phenotypic trait, 15. Life on land, functional diversity, EVOLUTION, CLIMATE, SIZE, Insect Science, ecosystem functioning, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, evolutionary ecology, Ecosystem functioning, Trait, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer
Abstract

A main goal of ecological and evolutionary biology is understanding and predicting interactions between populations and both abiotic and biotic environments, the spatial and temporal variation of these interactions, and the effects on population dynamics and performance. Trait-based approaches can help to model these interactions and generate a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. A central tool is the collation of databases that include species trait information. Such centralized databases have been set up for a number of organismal groups but is lacking for one of the most important groups of predators in terrestrial ecosystems – spiders. Here we promote the collation of an open spider traits database, integrated into the global Open Traits Network. We explore the current collation of spider data and cover the logistics of setting up a global database, including which traits to include, the source of data, how to input data, database governance, geographic cover, accessibility, quality control and how to make the database sustainable long-term. Finally, we explore the scope of research questions that could be investigated using a global spider traits database., This paper was written as a result of a workshop at the International Congress of Arachnology in Christchurch, New Zealand 2019. We would like to thank the ICA organizing committee and the International Society of Arachnology for their support, the Macquarie University Species Spectrum Research Center and a Pentti Tuomikoski Grant from the Finnish Museum of Natural History for financial support. JOW was supported by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award of the Australian Research Council (DE190101338).

Published
2020
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13. Genetic origins and diversity of bushpigs from Madagascar (Potamochoerus larvatus, family Suidae)

Author

Steven M. Goodman, Miguel Pedrono, Michael J. Herrera, Jenna Day, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Jaime Gongora, Peter J. Taylor, Carol Lee, Guillaume Besnard, The University of Sydney, Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Venda, University of the Free State [South Africa], University of the Philippines Diliman (UP Diliman), Sydney, to undertake this study. P.J.T. acknowledges the funding of the Department of Science and Technology(DST) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) through the South African Research Chairs initiative(SARChI) Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, hosted at the University of Venda and co-hosted by the Cenrefor Invasion Biology at University of Stellenbosch (NRF Grant number 87311). GB is supported by the LABEXTULIP (ANR-10-LABX-0041) and CEBA (ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Venda [South Africa] (UNIVEN), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Phylogénie, Swine, Family suidae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Système mhc, lcsh:Medicine, Subspecies, Evolutionary ecology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Suidae, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, media_common, Multidisciplinary, biology, Repertoire, Ecological genetics, Potamochoerus, génétique animale, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mainland, Molecular ecology, geographic locations, media_common.quotation_subject, Adaptive immunity, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Africa, Southern, 03 medical and health sciences, Variation génétique, parasitic diseases, Madagascar, Animals, Humans, Taxonomy, Haplotype, lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, biology.organism_classification, L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, lcsh:Q, Diversity (politics), Founder effect
Abstract

The island of Madagascar, situated off the southeast coast of Africa, shows the first evidence of human presence ~ 10,000 years ago; however, other archaeological data indicates a settlement of the modern peoples of the island distinctly more recent, perhaps > 1500 years ago. Bushpigs of the genus Potamochoerus (family Suidae), are today widely distributed in Madagascar and presumed to have been introduced from Africa at some stage by human immigrants to the island. However, disparities about their origins in Madagascar have been presented in the literature, including the possibility of endemic subspecies, and few empirical data are available. Furthermore, the separation of bushpigs in Madagascar from their mainland relatives may have favoured the evolution of a different repertoire of immune genes first due to a founder effect and then as a response to distinct pathogens compared to their ancestors. Molecular analysis confirmed the species status of the bushpig in Madagascar as P. larvatus, likely introduced from the central region of southern Africa, with no genetic evidence for the recognition of eastern and western subspecies as suggested from previous cranial morphology examination. Investigation of the immunologically important SLA-DQB1 peptide-binding region showed a different immune repertoire of bushpigs in Madagascar compared to those on the African mainland, with seventeen exon-2 haplotypes unique to bushpigs in Madagascar (2/28 haplotypes shared). This suggests that the MHC diversity of the Madagascar populations may have enabled Malagasy bushpigs to adapt to new environments.

Published
2020
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14. Ancient hybridization and strong adaptation to viruses across African vervet monkey populations

Author

Svardal, Hannes, Jasinska, Anna, Apetrei, Cristian, Coppola, Giovanni, Huang, Yu, Schmitt, Christopher, Jacquelin, Béatrice, Ramensky, Vasily, Müller-Trutwin, Michaela, Antonio, Martin, Weinstock, George, Grobler, J. Paul, Dewar, Ken, Wilson, Richard, Turner, Trudy, Warren, Wesley, Freimer, Nelson, Nordborg, Magnus, Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, The McDonnell Genome Institute (MGI), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), H.S. has been supported by a travel grant from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research. C.A. is supported by RO1 AI119346 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Informatics Center for Neurogenetics and Neurogenomics (P30 NS062691). We would like to thank F. Gao for assistance with microarray data analysis., Samples were collected through the UCLA Systems Biology Sample Repository funded by US National Institutes of Health grants R01RR016300 and R01OD010980 to N.F. For permits allowing us to collect samples, we thank the Gambia Department of Parks & Wildlife Management, the Botswana Ministry of Environment & Wildlife and Tourism, the Ghana Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, the Zambia Wildlife Authority, the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, the Ministry of Forestry & the Environment, Department of Environmental Affairs, South Africa, the Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs, Eastern Cape, the Department of Tourism, Environmental and Economic Affairs, Free State, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, KwaZulu-Natal, and the Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism, Limpopo. We also thank G. Redmond and the St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation for facilitating sample collection in St. Kitts and Nevis. We thank J. Brenchley, K. Reimann (R24OD010976), and J. Baulu and the Barbados Primate Research Center and Wildlife Reserve for providing samples of Tanzanian origin and Barbadian vervets. For help with sample collection and processing, we thank J. Danzy-Cramer, Y. Jung, O. Morton and J. Freimer. We thank J. Kamm for discussion, Ü. Seren, J. Wasserscheid and N. Juretic for IT support, and R. Halai for help with figure design, University of California, HIV, Inflammation et persistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris], and University of the Free State [South Africa]

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, medicine.disease_cause, Medical and Health Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reticulate, Chlorocebus aethiops, Gene Regulatory Networks, Vervet monkey, Phylogeny, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Simian immunodeficiency virus, Biological Sciences, Phenotype, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Biotechnology, Physiological, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Genetic, Species Specificity, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Adaptation, Gene, Hybridization, 030304 developmental biology, Gene Expression Profiling, Human Genome, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Macaca mulatta, Gene Ontology, Good Health and Well Being, Africa, African Green Monkey, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Vervet monkeys (genusChlorocebus, also known as African green monkeys), are highly abundant in savannahs and riverine forests throughout sub-Saharan Africa. They are amongst the most widely distributed nonhuman primates, show considerable phenotypic diversity, and have long been an important biomedical model for a variety of human diseases and in vaccine research. They are particularly interesting for HIV/AIDS research as they are the most abundant natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a close relative of HIV. Here we present the first genome-wide survey of polymorphism in vervets, using sequencing data from 163 individuals sampled from across Africa and the Caribbean islands where vervets were introduced during the colonial era. We find high diversity, within and between taxa, and clear evidence that taxonomic divergence was reticulate rather than following a simple branching pattern. A scan for diversifying selection across vervet taxa yields gene enrichments much stronger than in similar studies on humans. In particular, we report strong and highly polygenic selection signals affecting viral processes --- in line with recent evidence that proposes a driving role for viruses in protein evolution in mammals. Furthermore, selection scores are highly elevated in genes whose human orthologs interact with HIV, and in genes that show a response to experimental SIV infection in vervet monkeys but not in rhesus macaques, suggesting that part of the signal reflects taxon-specific adaptation to SIV. Intriguingly, rather than affecting genes with antiviral and inflammatory-related functions, selection in vervets appears to have primarily targeted genes involved in the transcriptional regulation of viruses, and in particular those that are harmful only under immunodeficiency, suggesting adaptation to living with SIV rather than defense against infection.

Published
2019

15. Early Extracellular ATP Signaling in Arabidopsis Root Epidermis: A Multi-Conductance Process

Author

Julia M. Davies, Valérie Legué, Gary Stacey, Limin Wang, Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier, Bruno Moulia, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Legué, Valérie [0000-0003-2090-9580], Moulia, Bruno [0000-0002-3099-0207], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, P2K1, channel, Plant Science, permeable channels, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, navigable canals, Arabidopsis, root epidermis, Membrane potential, NADPH oxidase, Vegetal Biology, biology, Chemistry, ROS, anion, cation channels, Cell biology, Second messenger system, Perspective, plasma-membrane ca2+, h+-atpase, medicine.drug, nitric-oxide, lcsh:Plant culture, k+ channel, 03 medical and health sciences, Cyclic nucleotide, medicine, Extracellular, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, lcsh:SB1-1110, ATP, DORN1, cyclic-nucleotide, anion channels, electrical-properties, nadph oxidase, Plant Sciences, canal, biology.organism_classification, Adenosine, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, anions, Cation transport, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is an important extracellular signaling agent, operating in growth regulation, stomatal conductance, and wound response. With the first receptor for extracellular ATP now identified in plants (P2K1/DORN1) and a plasma membrane NADPH oxidase revealed as its target, the search continues for the components of the signaling cascades they command. The Arabidopsis root elongation zone epidermal plasma membrane has recently been shown to contain cation transport pathways (channel conductances) that operate downstream of P2K1 and could contribute to extracellular ATP (eATP) signaling. Here, patch clamp electrophysiology has been used to delineate two further conductances from the root elongation zone epidermal plasma membrane that respond to eATP, including one that would permit chloride transport. This perspective addresses how these conductances compare to those previously characterized in roots and how they might operate together to enable early events in eATP signaling, including elevation of cytosolic-free calcium as a second messenger. The role of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that could arise from eATP's activation of NADPH oxidases is considered in a qualitative model that also considers the regulation of plasma membrane potential by the concerted action of the various cation and anion conductances. The molecular identities of the channel conductances in eATP signaling remain enigmatic but may yet be found in the multigene families of glutamate receptor-like channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, annexins, and aluminum-activated malate transporters.

Published
2019
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16. Habitat characteristics and species interference influence space use and nest-site occupancy: implications for social variation in two sister species

Author

Guila Ganem, Claire M. S. Dufour, Neville Pillay, Johan Watson, Etienne Loire, Nico L. Avenant, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of the Free State [South Africa], Free State Department of Tourism, Environmental and Economics Affairs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Harvard University, and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Sympatry, Rhabdomys, Parapatric speciation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nest, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sociality, Ecological niche, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Écologie des populations, Compétition interspécifique, Écologie animale, L20 - Écologie animale, Social evolution, Nidification, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Comportement animal
Abstract

International audience; Nest-site selection is an important component of species socio-ecology, being a crucial factor in establishment of group living. Consequently, nest-site characteristics together with space-use proxies may reveal the social organization of species, which is critical when direct observation of social interactions is hindered in nature. Importantly, nest-site choice is expected to be under strong selective pressures and the object of intra- and inter-specific competition. Although the bulk of research on sociality focuses on its ecological drivers, our study introduces interspecific competition as a potential factor that could influence social evolution. We investigated the influence of habitat and interspecific competition on the social organization of two sister species of the African four striped mouse (Rhabdomys dilectus dilectus and Rhabdomys bechuanae) in a similar macroenvironment. These species diverged in allopatry and occupy distinct environmental niches. We radiotracked 140 adults to identify their nest-sites, determine nest characteristics and record groups that shared nest-sites. Group cohesion was estimated from nest-site fidelity, group association strength, and home range overlap within versus between group members. We compared the two species in sympatry versus parapatry to determine the impact of species interference on sociality. In parapatry, the two species selected distinct nest-site types, interpreted as different anti-predator strategies: R. bechuanae selected fewer, spaced, less concealed nest-sites whereas R. d. dilectus selected clumped and less visible nest-sites. Rhabdomys bechuanae also showed more cohesive and stable social groups than R. d. dilectus. In sympatry, compared to R. bechuanae, R. d. dilectus occupied similar nest-sites, however slightly more exposed and clumped, and displayed similar nest-site fidelity and group association strength. We conclude that although habitat selection may be an important driver of social divergence in Rhabdomys, species interference, by limiting R. d. dilectus movements and forcing nest-site sharing may induce new ecological pressures that could influence its social evolution.

Published
2018
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17. Characterization of casein and alpha lactalbumin of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) milk

Author

Diederick Johannes Opperman, H. E. Patterton, Gary Osthoff, Hugh-Georges Patterton, Moses Madende, Patrice Martin, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State [South Africa], Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, University of the Free State (Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa), National Research Foundation (Pretoria, South Africa), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and European Project: 315146,EC:FP7:SME,FP7-SME-2012,SWARMONITOR(2012)

Subjects
Whey protein, animal structures, Protein Conformation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Elephants, Molecular Sequence Data, casein, African elephant, chemistry.chemical_compound, biology.animal, Casein, alpha-lactalbumin, Genetics, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, protein structure, Lactose, Peptide sequence, Micelles, lactalbumine alpha, Lactalbumin, chemistry.chemical_classification, milk, caséine, structure de la protéine, biology, Caseins, éléphant d'afrique, Oligosaccharide, lait, Whey Proteins, Biochemistry, chemistry, Alpha-lactalbumin, biology.protein, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Sequence Alignment, Food Science
Abstract

The current research reports partial characterization of the caseins and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) of the African elephant with proposed unique structure-function properties. Extensive research has been carried out to understand the structure of the casein micelles. Crystallographic structure elucidation of caseins and casein micelles is not possible. Consequently, several models have been developed in an effort to describe the casein micelle, specifically of cow milk. Here we report the characterization of African elephant milk caseins. The kappa-caseins and beta-caseins were investigated, and their relative ratio was found to be approximately 1:8.5, whereas alpha-caseins were not detected. The gene sequence of beta-casein in the NCBI database was revisited, and a different sequence in the N-terminal region is proposed. Amino acid sequence alignment and hydropathy plots showed that the kappa-casein of African elephant milk is similar to that of other mammals, whereas the beta-casein is similar to the human protein, and displayed a section of unique AA composition and additional hydrophilic regions compared with bovine caseins. Elephant milk is destabilized by 62% alcohol, and it is speculated that the beta-casein characteristics may allow maintenance of the colloidal nature of the casein micelle, a role that was previously only associated with K-casein. The oligosaccharide content of milk was reported to be low in dairy animals but high in some other species such as humans and elephants. In the milk of the African elephant, lactose and oligosaccharides both occur at high levels. These levels are typically related to the content of alpha-LA in the mammary gland and thus point to a specialized carbohydrate synthesis, where the whey protein alpha-LA plays a role. We report the characterization of African elephant alpha-LA. Homology modeling of the alpha-LA showed that it is structurally similar to crystal structures of other mammalian species, which in turn may be an indication that its functional properties, such as lactose synthesis, should not be impaired.

Published
2015
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18. Online Social Networking, Interactions, and Relations: Students at the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein

Author

Florian Elliker, Sello J. Sele, Sethulego Matebesi, Cornie Groenewald, Jan K. Coetzee, Sello J. Sele, Jan K. Coetzee, Florian Elliker, Sethulego Z. Matebesi - University of the Free State, South Africa, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, University of the Free State, South Africa, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and florian.elliker@unisg.ch

Subjects
Social Network Sites (SNS), Internet privacy, lcsh:HM401-1281, Social Interaction, Identity (social science), Online Social Networking (OSN), Phenomenology (philosophy), Identity, Reflexivity, 0601 history and archaeology, Narrative, Sociology, Contemporary society, 060101 anthropology, Social network, business.industry, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, Social relation, lcsh:Sociology (General), 050903 gender studies, 0509 other social sciences, business, Mechanism (sociology)
Abstract

Online social networking (OSN) is an activity performed through social network sites (SNS) such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Instagram. OSN has become a dominant interaction mechanism within contemporary society. Online platforms are woven inextricably into the fabric of individuals’ everyday lives, especially those of young adults. We present a mixed-methods study—conducted at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein—that analyzes how students reflect on their everyday experiences of OSN. The key theoretical frameworks guiding this research are phenomenology, existentialism, and reflexive sociology. These theoretical lenses collectively assist in broadening our understanding of the students’ experiences that reveal the complexities associated with their interactions and social relations via SNS. From their narratives we learn how the students make sense of their engagements on SNS, how these engagements have an impact on their social interactions, and how OSN affects their self-presentation. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2018

19. Future prospects of fluoride based upconversion nanoparticles for emerging applications in biomedical and energy harvesting

Author

Vinod Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Sachin K. Maurya, Ram Sagar Yadav, Hendrik C. Swart, Marie-France Joubert, Surya Prakash Tiwari, University of the Free State [South Africa], Indian Institute of Technology [Dhanbad] (IIT DHANBAD - ISM), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Phonon, Oxide, Electrical properties and parameters, Physics::Optics, Inorganic compounds, Phosphor, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Ligands, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Quantum efficiency, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Nano, Materials Chemistry, Doping, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Oxides, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nanocrystals, chemistry, Optical materials, Optoelectronics, Nanoparticles, Phonons, 0210 nano-technology, business, Luminescence, Fluoride
Abstract

Rare earth doped/codoped phosphors have been extensively studied for different types of applications based on their intense luminescence features. For this, researchers have tried to choose the inorganic host matrices having both a low phonon cut-off frequency and a high refractive index. Many articles have been published on oxide based phosphor materials, but due to their high cut-off phonon frequency, use of these materials is restricted for optical based applications. This is why additional research has been carried out on fluoride based host materials because of their low phonon frequencies, low composition degradation, and high quantum efficiency. In this paper, the authors review the rare earth fluoride based host nano- and micromaterials for different applications and discuss possible mechanisms.Rare earth doped/codoped phosphors have been extensively studied for different types of applications based on their intense luminescence features. For this, researchers have tried to choose the inorganic host matrices having both a low phonon cut-off frequency and a high refractive index. Many articles have been published on oxide based phosphor materials, but due to their high cut-off phonon frequency, use of these materials is restricted for optical based applications. This is why additional research has been carried out on fluoride based host materials because of their low phonon frequencies, low composition degradation, and high quantum efficiency. In this paper, the authors review the rare earth fluoride based host nano- and micromaterials for different applications and discuss possible mechanisms.

Published
2018
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20. Experiencing physical disability : Young African women in Lesotho

Author

Pia H. Bülow, Amanda Young-Hauser, Jan K. Coetzee, Penny Jaffray, Seithati Rafoneke, Seithati Rafoneke, Jan K. Coetzee - University of the Free State, South Africa, Jönköping University, Sweden, University of the Free State, South Africa, University of Fort Hare, South Africa, Massey University, New Zealand, and pia.bulow@ju.se

Subjects
Oppression, Intersectionality, Socialt arbete, Social Work, Lifeworld, Physical disability, Social work, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:HM401-1281, General Social Sciences, Gender studies, Physical Disability, Social constructionism, lcsh:Sociology (General), Women, Identity, Everyday Life, Social system, Sociology, Everyday life, media_common
Abstract

The article unwraps notions related to young African women’s lifeworld experiences of physical disability. The study is positioned in the broad context of the theoretical frameworks of phenomenology, existential sociology, the social construction of reality, feminist disability theory, and intersectionality. Focus is given to the way social systems of cultural oppression and discrimination impact women with physical impairments and manifest in how they perceive and make meaning of their everyday life experiences. Women with physical impairments often experience a double measure of oppression—being both female and disabled. When these women try to engage in a normal life and interact with others, they experience barriers imposed on them by their social reality—particularly in the form of cultural norms and patriarchal ideals. There are also instances where participants demonstrate resilience in the face of negative social stereotyping, instances that clearly show that they are not different, and do not perceive themselves as being different to able-bodied women. Drawing on semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight young Black women who are living with physical disabilities in Lesotho, the objective of this article is to examine their everyday life experiences within a predominantly able-bodied society. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2018

21. Synthesis, Substitution Kinetics, and Electrochemistry of the First Tetrathiafulvalene-Containing β-Diketonato Complexes of Rhodium(I)

Author

Dominique Lorcy, Nathalie Bellec, Eleanor Fourie, Jannie C. Swarts, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Free State [South Africa], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Stereochemistry, Kinetics, chemistry.chemical_element, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Rhodium, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reaction rate constant, Heterocyclic Compounds, Organometallic Compounds, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Substitution reaction, Molecular Structure, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, Ketones, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Tetrathiafulvalene, Cyclooctadiene
Abstract

International audience; The synthesis of the first rhodium(I) cyclooctadiene complexes containing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) groups substituted on a beta-diketonato ligand in either the methine position (3 position), [Rh(cod)(H(3)CCOC{S-TTF-(MeS)(3)}COCH(3))] (3), or terminal position (1 position), [Rh(cod){(Me(3)-TTF)COCHCOCH(3)}] (4), is reported. The effect of the beta-diketonato substitution position on the kinetics of substitution of the TTF-containing beta-diketonato ligand with 1,10-phenanthroline from 3 and 4 to give [Rh(cod)(phen)](+), as well as on the electrochemical properties of 3 and 4, was investigated. Second-order substitution rate constants, k(2), in methanol were found to be almost independent of the substitution position, with 4 (k(2) = 2.09 x 10(3) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1)) reacting only about twice as fast as 3. An appreciable solvent pathway in the substitution mechanism was only observed for 4 with k(s) = 42 s(-1). A complete mechanism for both substitution reactions is proposed. The electrochemistry of 3 and 4 in CH(2)Cl(2)/0.10 mol dm(-3) [N((n)Bu)(4)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] showed three redox processes. Two of these were electrochemically reversible and are associated with the redox-active TTF group. For 3, TTF-based formal reduction potentials, E degrees', were observed at 0.082 and 0.659 V vs Fc/Fc(+), respectively; 4 exhibited them at -0.172 and 0.703 V vs Fc/Fc(+) at a scan rate of 100 mV s(-1). A Rh(II)/Rh(I) redox couple was observed at E degrees' = 0.89 V for 3, after both TTF oxidations were completed, and at 0.51 V for 4; this is between the two TTF redox processes. The more difficult oxidation of the Rh(I) center of 3 indicates more effective electron-withdrawing from the Rh(I) center to the first-oxidized TTF(+) group at the methine position of the beta-diketonato ligand of 3(+) than to the terminal-substituted TTF(+) group in 4(+).

Published
2010
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22. Terrestrial biosphere changes over the last 120 kyr

Author

Mark B. Bush, Jemma M. Finch, Laura Sadori, Trevor Hill, Shonil A. Bhagwat, Ulrich C Müller, Sandy P. Harrison, Takeshi Nakagawa, Babette A A Hoogakker, A. de Vernal, Judy R M Allen, Merna McKenzie, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Dan Penny, C. Tzedakis, Hermann Behling, Bianca Fréchette, Olga K. Borisova, M. Vandergoes, Brian Huntley, Alexander Correa-Metrio, Iain Colin Prentice, Peter Kershaw, Jennifer A. Hanselman, Wojciech Granoszewski, Eberhard Grüger, Joy S. Singarayer, Eric C. Grimm, Paul J. Valdes, Rob Marchant, Louis Scott, R. S. Anderson, Donatella Magri, A.A. Velichko, Janelle Stevenson, Cathy Whitlock, M.-P. Ledru, Elena Novenko, Robin S. Smith, William D. Gosling, Socorro Lozano-García, Fischer, H., Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Reading (UOR), Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment (BRIDGE), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol]-University of Bristol [Bristol], University of York [York, UK], Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, Durham University, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Geography of RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Florida Institute of Technology [Melbourne], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Polish Geological Institute, National Research Institute, Illinois State Museum, Centre for Past Climate Change (CPCC), School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Monash University [Melbourne], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Monash University [Clayton], Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) (LOEWE), Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Ritsumeikan University, EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, University of the Free State [South Africa], Australian National University (ANU), Climate Change Institute [Orono] (CCI), University of Maine, Department of Earth Sciences [MSU Bozeman], Montana State University (MSU), Department of Geography, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Terrestrial biosphere changes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, POLLEN-BASED RECONSTRUCTIONS, Biome, global and planetary change, C-14 YR BP, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, PRETORIA SALTPAN, ddc:550, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE, lcsh:TD169-171.8, GLACIAL-MAXIMUM, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Science & Technology, LATE-PLEISTOCENE, Biosphere, Temperate forest, Primary production, stratigraphy, Last Glacial Maximum, Geology, 15. Life on land, Tundra, MILLENNIAL-SCALE VARIABILITY, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Physical Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Physical geography, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, VEGETATION RECORDS, paleontology, PLANT MACROFOSSIL DATA, RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE, 0406 Physical Geography And Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

A new global synthesis and biomization of long (> 40 kyr) pollen-data records is presented and used with simulations from the HadCM3 and FAMOUS climate models and the BIOME4 vegetation model to analyse the dynamics of the global terrestrial biosphere and carbon storage over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Simulated biome distributions using BIOME4 driven by HadCM3 and FAMOUS at the global scale over time generally agree well with those inferred from pollen data. Global average areas of grassland and dry shrubland, desert, and tundra biomes show large-scale increases during the Last Glacial Maximum, between ca. 64 and 74 ka BP and cool substages of Marine Isotope Stage 5, at the expense of the tropical forest, warm-temperate forest, and temperate forest biomes. These changes are reflected in BIOME4 simulations of global net primary productivity, showing good agreement between the two models. Such changes are likely to affect terrestrial carbon storage, which in turn influences the stable carbon isotopic composition of seawater as terrestrial carbon is depleted in 13C.

Published
2016
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23. The genome of the vervet ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus )

Author

Nicoletta Archidiacono, Jennifer F. Hughes, George M. Weinstock, Yoon Jung, Christopher A. Schmitt, Angela Noll, Nelson B. Freimer, Matthew J. Jorgensen, Jennifer J. Tuscher, Nam Tran, Jason M. Brenchley, David H. O’Connor, Matthew W. Hahn, Eugene Redmond, Alex Nisbett, Roland Zahn, Hannes Svardal, Gary P. Schroth, Raquel García-Pérez, Magnus Nordborg, Nikoleta Juretic, Michael J. Montague, Gregg W.C. Thomas, Michel M. Dione, Julie A. Karl, Anna J. Jasinska, Wesley C. Warren, Jay R. Kaplan, Richard K. Wilson, Patrick Minx, Bronwen Aken, Mariano Rocchi, Colby Chiang, Françoise Thibaud-Nissen, Jessica Wasserscheid, Vasily Ramensky, Oi Wa Choi, Gennady Churakov, Roscoe Stanyon, Yu S. Huang, David Webb, Brian J. Raney, Jörn E. Schmitz, Milinn Kremitzki, Beatrice Jacquelin, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Juergen Schmitz, Rishi Nag, Tomas Marques-Bonet, LaDeana W. Hillier, Martin Antonio, Tina Graves, Trudy R. Turner, Kim Kyung, Ken Dewar, Chad Tomlinson, Roger W. Wiseman, Oronzo Capozzi, The McDonnell Genome Institute (MGI), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior [Los Angeles, Ca], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry [Poznań], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico [Barcelona] (CNAG), Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, University of the Free State [South Africa], University of Wisconsin-Madison, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center [Boston] (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Crucell Holland B.V, St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur [Paris], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), Illumina Incorporated [San Diego, CA, USA], Wake Forest School of Medicine [Winston-Salem], Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Hinxton], Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity (IEB), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), Funding to R.K.W. was provided by NIH-NHGRI grant 5U54HG00307907. Support for the Vervet Research Colony was provided by NIH grant RR019963/OD010965 to J.R.K. Funding to N.B.F. was provided by NIH grants R01RR016300 and R01OD010980. The French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS) provided funding to M.C.M.-T. Funding to M.R. and R.S. was provided by the Ministero della Universita’ e della Ricerca. Funding to K.D. was provided by Genome Canada and Genome Quebec. B.A. and R.N. acknowledge support from the Wellcome Trust (grant number WT095908) and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory., We thank the following organizations for providing sampling permits and permissions: Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, Zambia Wildlife Authority, Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, Republic of Ghana, and Gambia Department of Parks and Wildlife Management. We thank Dr. James L. Blanchard and Dr. Ivona Pandrea for vervet samples used to characterize MHC. We thank Josh McMichael and Josh Peck for figure assistance. We thank Joanne Nelson and Barbara Gillam for data submission. We thank the members of the library production group led by Catrina Fronick and sequencing led by Matt Cordes. We also thank the Medical Research Council Unit (MRC), The Gambia for their assistance, as well as all the veterinarians who worked with us to safely obtain samples., National Institutes of Health (US), National Human Genome Research Institute (US), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Genome Canada, EMBO, Wellcome Trust, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)

Subjects
animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chlorocebus aethiops, Cercopithecus aethiops, Medical and Health Sciences, Major Histocompatibility Complex, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, Genetics (clinical), Phylogeny, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Gene Rearrangement, education.field_of_study, Cercopithecini, Genome, biology, MESH: Genomics, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Karyotype, Genomics, Biological Sciences, 3. Good health, Rhesus macaque, Phylogeography, MESH: Phylogeography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Complete Genome assembly, primates, cercopithecini, Infection, Biotechnology, MESH: Computational Biology, Resource, Evolution, Bioinformatics, MESH: Gene Rearrangement, Population, Karyotype, Simis, Old World monkey, MESH: Molecular Sequence Annotation, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Chromosome Painting, Evolution, Molecular, MESH: Major Histocompatibility Complex, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], parasitic diseases, Genetics, Animals, MESH: Genome, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, education, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Genètica animal, MESH: Chromosome Painting, Human Genome, Molecular, Computational Biology, Genetic Variation, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Gene rearrangement, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cercopithecus aethiops, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Evolutionary biology, African Green Monkey
Abstract

Warren, Wesley C. et al., We describe a genome reference of the African green monkey or vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops). This member of the Old World monkey (OWM) superfamily is uniquely valuable for genetic investigations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), for which it is the most abundant natural host species, and of a wide range of health-related phenotypes assessed in Caribbean vervets (C. a. sabaeus), whose numbers have expanded dramatically since Europeans introduced small numbers of their ancestors from West Africa during the colonial era. We use the reference to characterize the genomic relationship between vervets and other primates, the intra-generic phylogeny of vervet subspecies, and genome-wide structural variations of a pedigreed C. a. sabaeus population. Through comparative analyses with human and rhesus macaque, we characterize at high resolution the unique chromosomal fission events that differentiate the vervets and their close relatives from most other catarrhine primates, in whom karyotype is highly conserved. We also provide a summary of transposable elements and contrast these with the rhesus macaque and human. Analysis of sequenced genomes representing each of the main vervet subspecies supports previously hypothesized relationships between these populations, which range across most of sub-Saharan Africa, while uncovering high levels of genetic diversity within each. Sequence-based analyses of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms reveal extremely low diversity in Caribbean C. a. sabaeus vervets, compared to vervets from putatively ancestral West African regions. In the C. a. sabaeus research population, we discover the first structural variations that are, in some cases, predicted to have a deleterious effect; future studies will determine the phenotypic impact of these variations., Funding to R.K.W. was provided by NIH-NHGRI grant 5U54HG00307907. Support for the Vervet Research Colony was provided by NIH grant RR019963/OD010965 to J.R.K. Funding to N.B.F. was provided by NIH grants R01RR016300 and R01OD010980. The French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS) provided funding to M.C.M.-T. Funding to M.R. and R.S. was provided by the Ministero della Universita’ e della Ricerca. Funding to K.D. was provided by Genome Canada and Genome Quebec. B.A. and R.N. acknowledge support from the Wellcome Trust (grant number WT095908) and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.

Published
2015
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24. Discovery of the VHE gamma-ray source HESS J1832-093 in the vicinity of SNR G22.7-0.2

Author

Julien Lefaucheur, J. Biteau, Matteo Cerruti, M. Holler, Matthias Weidinger, F. Krayzel, Tanya Edwards, M. Paz Arribas, Christo Venter, Dirk Lennarz, K. Dutson, F. Spies, Mateusz Janiak, Alexandre Marcowith, C. Jahn, S. Raab, A. Abramowski, C. L. Naumann, R. C. G. Chaves, M. K. Daniel, C. Stegmann, U. F. Katz, R. Moderski, A. Zech, Frank M. Rieger, Gilles Henri, G. Fontaine, Ullrich Schwanke, Iurii Sushch, Werner Hofmann, P. M. Chadwick, Nu. Komin, S. Krakau, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, A. Fiasson, S. Häffner, Pierre Brun, Ramin Marx, M. Mohamed, A. G. Akhperjanian, Christoph Deil, M. Kieffer, Denis Wouters, T. Kneiske, Stefan Ohm, Aion Viana, V. Sahakian, M. de Naurois, Martin Ward, Jim Hinton, P. Willmann, S. Pita, F. Stinzing, Michal Dyrda, R. Steenkamp, F. Ait Benkhali, S. Schwemmer, B. Opitz, B. Giebels, S. Schwarzburg, Cameron B Rulten, L. O'c. Drury, P. deWilt, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, W. Kluźniak, Sarah Kaufmann, K. Katarzyński, S. J. Nolan, S. Balenderan, S. Klepser, A. C. Clapson, Joachim Hahn, Andrea Santangelo, S. Colafrancesco, Guillaume Dubus, C. Couturier, L. Oakes, M. Tluczykont, Marek Jamrozy, J. Dyks, Andreas Quirrenbach, Łukasz Stawarz, Felix Aharonian, Manuel Meyer, Michael Zacharias, Heinrich J. Völk, Stefan Wagner, Gisela Anton, M. Mayer, Helene Sol, J. Brucker, P.P. Krüger, K. Valerius, R. Chalme-Calvet, M. Panter, R. D. Parsons, J. Harris, Quirin Weitzel, A. Cheesebrough, M. Gajdus, C. Romoli, L. Rob, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Daniel Sánchez, Konrad Bernlöhr, Jan Conrad, K. Stycz, P. Vincent, M. J. Vorster, J. F. Glicenstein, Tomasz Bulik, D. Fernandez, Vincent Marandon, Victor Zabalza, U. Menzler, Gianluca Giavitto, G. Cologna, C. van Eldik, B. van Soelen, I. Jung, B. Rudak, Kathrin Egberts, M. A. Kastendieck, B. Degrange, I. D. Davids, G. Pühlhofer, Markus Böttcher, G. Spengler, M. Füßling, G. Vasileiadis, J. Perez, Y. Cui, Karl Kosack, A. Jacholkowska, A. Reimer, Catherine Boisson, Felix Jankowsky, Fabio Acero, T. J. L. McComb, S. Rosier-Lees, H. Laffon, Andreas Hillert, J. Becker Tjus, T. Vuillaume, Michał Ostrowski, G. Lamanna, W. Domainko, M. Renaud, A. Balzer, M. V. Fernandes, Sabrina Casanova, B. Peyaud, Y. A. Gallant, H.-S. Zechlin, R. White, C. Trichard, Thomas Lohse, A. Wörnlein, M. Grudzińska, P. J. Meintjes, Francois Brun, M. Chrétien, Chia-Chun Lu, Anna Zajczyk, N. W. Pekeur, D. Kolitzus, M. Dalton, Gavin Rowell, A. Djannati-Ataï, Peter Eger, P. Wagner, Guy Pelletier, A. Förster, R. de los Reyes, C. Farnier, Martin Raue, Andrew M. Taylor, B. Khélifi, G. Hermann, Regis Terrier, F. Schüssler, T. Garrigoux, O. Hervet, P. Espigat, D. Klochkov, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, I. Oya, Jacek Niemiec, A. Lemière, Olaf Reimer, Michael Punch, N. Maxted, Anna Szostek, S. J. Fegan, Thomas Murach, Svenja Carrigan, E. Birsin, Petter Hofverberg, Emmanuel Moulin, André Schulz, J. Méhault, F. Feinstein, Dieter Horns, A. A. Zdziarski, J.-P. Tavernet, Yvonne Becherini, G. Maurin, M. H. Grondin, Francesca Volpe, Helen Poon, A. Lopatin, J.-P. Lenain, Reinhard Schlickeiser, Pol Bordas, Hugh Dickinson, E. O. Angüner, G. Heinzelmann, J. Bolmont, Anna Barnacka, Alicja Wierzcholska, T. Tavernier, Institut für Experimentalphysik [Hamburg], Universität Hamburg (UHH), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physikalisches Institut [Erlangen], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Physics [Durham], University of New Hampshire (UNH), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Universität Potsdam, Astronomical Observatory [Warsaw], Faculty of Physics [Warsaw] (FUW), University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Linnaeus University, Institut für Theoretische Physik IV [Bochum] (ITP4), Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Institut f¨ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut f¨ur Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universitat Innsbruck, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik [Tübingen] (IAAT), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Stockholm University, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), University of Adelaide, Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN (IFJ), Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Physik und Astrophysik [Potsdam], Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagiello?ski, Torun Centre for Astronomy (TCfA), Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of the Free State [South Africa], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Astronomical Observatory [Kraków], Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institut für Experimentalphysik [Innsbruck], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institute of Astronomy [Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), HESS, H.E.S.S. Collaboration, Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), 24420530 - Böttcher, Markus, 23909196 - Casanova, Sabrina, 13146629 - Davids, Isak Delberth, 11749903 - Krüger, Petrus Paulus, 22050574 - Pekeur, Nicolette Whilna, 24922986 - Sushch, Iurii, 12006653 - Venter, Christo, and 12792322 - Vorster, Michael Johannes

Subjects
Photon, ISM: individual objects: HESS J1832−093, Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hochenergie-Astrophysik Theorie - Abteilung Hofmann, Gamma rays: general, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, individual objects: HESS J1832−093 [ISM], Pulsar wind nebula, general. [Gamma-rays], Astroparticle physics, Gamma-rays: general, ISM: individual objects: HESS J1832-093, ISM: individual objects: SNR G22.7-0.2, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, individual objects: SNR G22.7−0.2 [ISM], Supernova remnant, HESS - Abteilung Hofmann, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Molecular cloud, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Gamma ray, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, ISM: individual objects: SNR G22.7−0.2, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [gamma-rays]
Abstract

Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 446(2), 1163 - 1169 (2015). doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2148, The region around the supernova remnant (SNR) W41 contains several TeV sources and has prompted the HESS Collaboration to perform deep observations of this field of view. This resulted in the discovery of the new very high energy (VHE) source HESS J1832−093, at the position $RA=18^{h}32^{m}50^{s} \pm 3^{s}_{stat}\pm2^{s}_{syst},Dec=−9^\circ22^{\prime} 36^{\prime\prime} \pm 32^{\prime\prime}_{stat} \pm 20^{\prime\prime}_{syst}(J2000)$, spatially coincident with a part of the radio shell of the neighbouring remnant G22.7−0.2. The photon spectrum is well described by a power law of index Γ = 2.6 $\pm$ 0.3$_{stat}$ $\pm$ 0.1$_{syst}$ and a normalization at 1 TeV of Φ$_{0}=(4.8 \pm 0.8_{stat} \pm 1.0_{syst}) ×10^{−13}cm^{−2}s^{−1}TeV^{−1}$. The location of the gamma-ray emission on the edge of the SNR rim first suggested a signature of escaping cosmic rays illuminating a nearby molecular cloud. Then a dedicated XMM–Newton observation led to the discovery of a new X-ray point source spatially coincident with the TeV excess. Two other scenarios were hence proposed to identify the nature of HESS J1832−093. Gamma-rays from inverse Compton radiation in the framework of a pulsar wind nebula scenario or the possibility of gamma-ray production within a binary system are therefore also considered. Deeper multiwavelength observations will help to shed new light on this intriguing VHE source., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Published
2015
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25. Fungal Planet Description Sheets:154-213

Author

Lisa A. Castlebury, Ulrike Damm, Mateusz Wilk, Charles S. Hodges, L Lesage-Meessen, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Elsie M. Cruywagen, H. Maleme, Christian Lechat, Monika Mętrak, L Zúñiga-Estrada, M Munster, Keith Clay, M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, Julia Pawłowska, Josep Guarro, C Silvera, Wijnand J. Swart, Silvia N.D. Mausse-Sitoe, María P. Martín, Alberto M. Stchigel, M.T. Telleria, Pedro W. Crous, Michael J. Wingfield, Peter Davison, A Sliwińska-Wyrzychowska, Josepa Gené, ShuaiFei Chen, M Hairaud, Matthew D. Barrett, Bernard Slippers, Hugo Madrid, Niklaus J. Grünwald, Lucas A. Shuttleworth, W.P. Mac Cormack, Carlos A. Pérez, Russell L. Barrett, Jolanda Roux, Z.W. de Beer, J Najafzadeh, J. F. Cano-Lira, Marta Wrzosek, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Margarita Dueñas, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Draginja Pavlic-Zupanc, M. Van der Bank, D I Archuby, G.S. de Hoog, Yasmina Marin-Felix, Andrew M. Minnis, S. L. Flory, Kevin D. Hyde, Alan R. Wood, Elaine Davison, Seonju Marincowitz, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Chiang Mai University (CMU), University of Johannesburg (UJ), Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), North Carolina State University, Center for High Performance Simulation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias [Mexico] (INIFAP), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Independent, University of Western Australia, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mae Fah Luang University [Thaïlande] (MFU), Center for Forest Mycology Research (CFMR), University of Delaware [Newark], Agronomy Department, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Biology, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, ASCOfrance, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), University of Warsaw (UW), Jan Dlugosz University, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Instituto Antartico Argentino, Real Jardin Botanico (RJB), Universidad de la República, Endesa foundation, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, CSIC [2011HUI10, 2013CL0012], Thailand Research Fund [MRG5580163], San Ignacio de Huinay foundation, Naturalis journals & series, University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, and Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR)

Subjects
Teratosphaeria, Microfungi, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], novel fungal species, phylogeny, 030308 mycology & parasitology, botryosphaeriaceae, genera, 03 medical and health sciences, Diaporthe, colletotrichum-sansevieriae, Systematics, Botany, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, anamorph genus, 0303 health sciences, LSU, biology, south-africa, EPS-4, 15. Life on land, Botryosphaeriaceae, biology.organism_classification, 1st report, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie, Neofusicoccum, Calonectria, Ventilago, Laboratory of Phytopathology, phytophthora-ipomoeae, Ficinia, ITS DNA barcodes, sp-nov, leaf-blight
Abstract

Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Camarosporium aloes, Phaeococcomyces aloes and Phoma aloes from Aloe, C. psoraleae, Diaporthe psoraleae and D. psoraleae-pinnatae from Psoralea, Colletotrichum euphorbiae from Euphorbia, Coniothyrium prosopidis and Peyronellaea prosopidis from Prosopis, Diaporthe cassines from Cassine, D. diospyricola from Diospyros, Diaporthe maytenicola from Maytenus, Harknessia proteae from Protea, Neofusicoccum ursorum and N. cryptoaustrale from Eucalyptus, Ochrocladosporium adansoniae from Adansonia, Pilidium pseudoconcavum from Greyia radlkoferi, Stagonospora pseudopaludosa from Phragmites and Toxicocladosporium ficiniae from Ficinia. Several species were also described from Thailand, namely: Chaetopsina pini and C. pinicola from Pinus spp., Myrmecridium thailandicum from reed litter, Passalora pseudotithoniae from Tithonia, Pallidocercospora ventilago from Ventilago, Pyricularia bothriochloae from Bothriochloa and Sphaerulina rhododendricola from Rhododendron. Novelties from Spain include Cladophialophora multiseptata, Knufia tsunedae and Pleuroascus rectipilus from soil and Cyphellophora catalaunica from river sediments. Species from the USA include Bipolaris drechsleri from Microstegium, Calonectria blephiliae from Blephilia, Kellermania macrospora (epitype) and K. pseudoyuccigena from Yucca. Three new species are described from Mexico, namely Neophaeosphaeria agaves and K. agaves from Agave and Phytophthora ipomoeae from Ipomoea. Other African species include Calonectria mossambicensis from Eucalyptus (Mozambique), Harzia cameroonensis from an unknown creeper (Cameroon), Mastigosporella anisophylleae from Anisophyllea (Zambia) and Teratosphaeria terminaliae from Terminalia (Zimbabwe). Species from Europe include Auxarthron longisporum from forest soil (Portugal), Discosia pseudoartocreas from Tilia (Austria), Paraconiothyrium polonense and P. lycopodinum from Lycopodium (Poland) and Stachybotrys oleronensis from Iris (France). Two species of Chrysosporium are described from Antarctica, namely C. magnasporum and C. oceanitesii. Finally, Licea xanthospora is described from Australia, Hypochnicium huinayensis from Chile and Custingophora blanchettei from Uruguay. Novel genera of Ascomycetes include Neomycosphaerella from Pseudopentameris macrantha (South Africa), and Paramycosphaerella from Brachystegia sp. (Zimbabwe). Novel hyphomycete genera include Pseudocatenomycopsis from Rothmannia (Zambia), Neopseudocercospora from Terminalia (Zambia) and Neodeightoniella from Phragmites (South Africa), while Dimorphiopsis from Brachystegia (Zambia) represents a novel coelomycetous genus. Furthermore, Alanphillipsia is introduced as a new genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae with four species, A. aloes, A. aloeigena and A. aloetica from Aloe spp. and A. euphorbiae from Euphorbia sp. (South Africa). A new combination is also proposed for Brachysporium torulosum (Deightoniella black tip of banana) as Corynespora torulosa. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

Published
2013
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26. Mathematical model of survival of fractional calculus, critics and their impact: How singular is our world?

Author

Abdon Atangana, Atangana, Abdon, and University of the Free State [South Africa]

Subjects
Lyapunov function, Class (set theory), Second derivative, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], Stability (learning theory), [MATH.MATH-DS] Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], Nonsingular kernel, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Strength number, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Calculus, QA1-939, Uniqueness, 010301 acoustics, Model of survival of fractional calculus, Mathematics, Equilibrium point, Algebra and Number Theory, non-singular kernel, Applied Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-NA] Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Fractional calculus, Stochastic model, Kernel (image processing), Ordinary differential equation, symbols, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Analysis
Abstract

Fractional calculus as was predicted by Leibniz to be an anecdote, has nowadays evolved to become a centre of interest for many researchers from various backgrounds. Their works have made signi…cant contribution to the general topic of fractional calculus and made it to be widely applicable in their respective …elds. This has permitted every researcher to formulate their own topic of interest and lay down their own foundation thereof. As a result, multiple innovative ideas had emerged; which caused signi…cant divisions regarding fractional calculus in the past three years. Some researchers believed fractional di¤erential operators should not have a nonsingular kernel; while others strongly believed that due to the complexity of nature, fractional di¤erential operators can have either singular or non-singular kernels. This contradiction in thoughts had led to the publication of few papers which are against di¤erential operators with non-singular kernels, causing some negative impacts. Thus, publishers and some editors in chief are concerned about the future of fractional calculus; which generally brought confusion among vibrant and innovative young researchers who desire to apply fractional calculus within their respective …elds. Therefore, this work is aimed at developing a mathematical model that could be used to depict the survival of fractional calculus. Six classes are herein considered to construct a mathematical model with six ordinary di¤erential equations. All elementary analysis, equilibrium points, stability analysis of equilibrium points, existence and uniqueness of system solutions are performed. Additionally, a new analysis including strength number that accounts for the accelerative information of nonlinear and linear parts of a given epidemiological model is introduced to better understand the system. This new number is deemed more informative than the well-known reproductive number. Therefore, an analysis of the second derivative of the Lyapunov function as well as an analysis of the second derivative of each class is applied to assess how a wave could be detected. It is strongly believed that this new analysis will particularly open new doors within the …eld of epidemiological modelling; which will aid researchers to better understand the spread of infectious diseases. The stochastic version of the suggested model was also investigated and numerical simulations were performed. The obtained reproductive number, strength number, extinction of criticism together with numerical simulation, revealed that the …eld of fractional calculus will be stable. The present criticism 1 will therefore have no signi…cant e¤ect in the near future. The outcome of this work further predicted that more researchers will join the …eld of fractional calculus, and will utilize both di¤erential operators with singular and non-singular kernels.

Published
2021

27. Multi-taxa coral reef community structure in relation to habitats in the Baa Atoll Man and Biosphere UNESCO Reserve (Maldives), and implications for its conservation

Author

Serge Andréfouët, Jean-Louis Menou, Mélanie A. Hamel, Lionel Bigot, Haizea Jimenez, Nicole Gravier-Bonnet, Y. Rilwan, S. Naeem, Chloé A.-F. Bourmaud, A. Shiham, Pascale Chabanet, Claude Payri, S. Sattar, L. Scott, Laurent Vigliola, Lydiane Mattio, Écosystémique des communautés récifales et de leurs usages dans le Pacifique insulaire (CoReUS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Thermodynamics - Dortmund, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Rarity, Biodiversity, Atoll, Aquatic Science, Biology, Distribution, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Habitat typology, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Conservation planning, Indian Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, Diversity, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Community structure, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Habitat, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

The distribution of species in their environment is largely defined by habitat characteristics. Both species and habitat distributions can be used to define conservation areas, especially in highly diversified ecosystems like coral reefs where biodiversity inventories are lacking. The main objective of this study was to test the relationship between multi-taxa community structure (defined by richness, species lists, and taxonomic distinctness) and habitat typology in the Man and Biosphere UNESCO Reserve of Baa Atoll (Maldives). Species richness per taxon was described at 18 stations located on different habitats mapped using high resolution satellite imagery. A total of 1012 species were described including 178 macroalgae, 173 corals, 121 hydroids, 351 fish and 189 (other) macro-invertebrates. Rarity was extremely high for macro-invertebrates, algae and hydrozoans. The results highlighted a marked difference in species composition between stations for macro-algae and corals but not for other groups (hydroids, fish and macro-invertebrates). These distribution patterns were not strongly correlated to differences in habitat characteristics, which created a weak spatial structure of communities between habitats probably caused by differential exposure of atolls to monsoons and the 1998 bleaching event. Community differences between stations were often due to rarity. Therefore, identifying a network of protected areas that includes occurrences of all species may pose challenges. This is overcome by conservation planning scenarios using medium-size (of the order of 1 km(2)) management units. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2012
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28. A multiple resistance locus on chromosome arm 3BS in wheat confers resistance to stem rust (Sr2), leaf rust (Lr27) and powdery mildew

Author

Wolfgang Spielmeyer, Etienne Paux, Evans Lagudah, R. Kota, Robert A. McIntosh, J. G. Ellis, Thomas Wicker, Z. A. Pretorius, Rohit Mago, Linda Tabe, James Breen, University of Zurich, Spielmeyer, W, Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Institute of Plant Biology, Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Mutant, bread wheat, 580 Plants (Botany), Stem rust, 01 natural sciences, 10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, complementary genes, Plant Immunity, seedling resistance, Triticum, Disease Resistance, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Ascomycota, biology, Chromosome Mapping, food and beverages, General Medicine, Phenotype, Chromosome Arm, 1305 Biotechnology, aestivum, Powdery mildew, Biotechnology, inorganic chemicals, puccinia recondita triciti, durable resistance, Locus (genetics), Plant disease resistance, Genes, Plant, Chromosomes, Plant, 03 medical and health sciences, 1311 Genetics, inheritance, 1102 Agronomy and Crop Science, Gene, Crosses, Genetic, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Basidiomycota, adult plant resistance, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, Genetic Loci, lr34, common wheat, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Sr2 is the only known durable, race non-specific adult plant stem rust resistance gene in wheat. The Sr2 gene was shown to be tightly linked to the leaf rust resistance gene Lr27 and to powdery mildew resistance. An analysis of recombinants and mutants suggests that a single gene on chromosome arm 3BS may be responsible for resistance to these three fungal pathogens. The resistance functions of the Sr2 locus are compared and contrasted with those of the adult plant resistance gene Lr34.

Published
2011
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29. Hydrophobic substrate utilisation by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and its potential applications

Author

Fickers, P., Benetti, P.-H., Waché, Yves, Marty, A., Mauersberger, S., Smit, M. S., Nicaud, J.-M., Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et Alimentaires (GPMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Microbioologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanostructures et Magnétisme (NM), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Systèmes et des Procédés (LMSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State [South Africa], Collection de Levures d'Intérêt Biotechnologique et Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (MGM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et Alimentaires ( GPMA ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Microbioologie, UMR INRA 1283 Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la. Nutrition et à l'Alimentation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie ( INAC ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire Nanostructures et Magnétisme ( NM ), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures ( SP2M - UMR 9002 ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie ( INAC ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Systèmes et des Procédés ( LMSP ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Technische Universität Dresden ( TUD ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire ( MGM ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon ( INA P-G ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
MESH : Yarrowia, MESH: Triglycerides, Yarrowia, INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION, MESH : Biotechnology, Substrate Specificity, HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTRATE, BIOREMEDIATION, ALKANE, Alkanes, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, MESH : Fatty Acids, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Triglycerides, MESH : Alkanes, BIOCONVERSION, MESH: Hydrophobicity, MESH : Substrate Specificity, Fatty Acids, MESH : Oils, OIL, MESH : Triglycerides, YARROWIA LIPOLYTICA, MESH: Fatty Acids, MESH: Alkanes, INDUSTRIE, CYTOCHROME P450, MESH: Oils, FATTY ACID, MESH: Biotechnology, LIPASE, MESH: Substrate Specificity, MESH: Yarrowia, MESH : Hydrophobicity, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Oils, [ INFO.INFO-BT ] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; The alkane-assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica degrades very efficiently hydrophobic substrates such as n-alkanes, fatty acids, fats and oils for which it has specific metabolic pathways. An overview of the oxidative degradation pathways for alkanes and triglycerides in Y. lipolytica is given, with new insights arising from the recent genome sequencing of this yeast. This includes the interaction of hydrophobic substrates with yeast cells, their uptake and transport, the primary alkane oxidation to the corresponding fatty alcohols and then by different enzymes to fatty acids, and the subsequent degradation in peroxisomal beta-oxidation or storage into lipid bodies. Several enzymes involved in hydrophobic substrate utilisation belong to multigene families, such as lipases/esterases (LIP genes), cytochromes P450 (ALK genes) and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases (POX genes). Examples are presented demonstrating that wild-type and genetically engineered strains of Y. lipolytica can be used for alkane and fatty-acid bioconversion, such as aroma production, for production of SCP and SCO, for citric acid production, in bioremediation, in fine chemistry, for steroid biotransformation, and in food industry. These examples demonstrate distinct advantages of Y. lipolytica for their use in bioconversion reactions of biotechnologically interesting hydrophobic substrates.

Published
2005
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30. Division of the genus Chryseobacterium: Observation of discontinuities in amino acid identity values, a possible consequence of major extinction events, guides transfer of nine species to the genus Epilithonimonas, eleven species to the genus Kaistella, and three species to the genus Halpernia gen. nov., with description of Kaistella daneshvariae sp. nov. and Epilithonimonas vandammei sp. nov. derived from clinical specimens

Author

Mark Burroughs, Ben W. Humrighouse, Mili Sheth, Lori A. Rowe, John R. McQuiston, Aaron Villarma, Jessica C Pryor, Ainsley C. Nicholson, Melissa Bell, Jean-François Bernardet, Celia J. Hugo, Jeffrey D. Newman, Arnie G. Steigerwalt, Peter Kämpfer, Christopher A. Gulvik, Anne M. Whitney, Barry Holmes, Dhwani Batra, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Protection Agency, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of the Free State [South Africa], Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Lycoming College, Advanced Molecular Detection (AMD) initiative., Lycoming College Professional Development Grants, NSF Grants 0960114 and 1248096, Fulbright Grant from the US State Department., and INRAE

Subjects
Chryseobacterium arachidiradicis, Chryseobacterium, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, taxonomy, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, medicine, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Chryseobacterium treverense, genus delineation, biology, extinction, 030306 microbiology, General Medicine, Chryseobacterium solincola, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Chryseobacterium jeonii, Chryseobacterium haifense, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Chryseobacterium yonginense, Chryseobacterium chaponense
Abstract

The genus Chryseobacterium in the family Weeksellaceae is known to be polyphyletic. Amino acid identity (AAI) values were calculated from whole-genome sequences of species of the genus Chryseobacterium, and their distribution was found to be multi-modal. These naturally-occurring non-continuities were leveraged to standardise genus assignment of these species. We speculate that this multi-modal distribution is a consequence of loss of biodiversity during major extinction events, leading to the concept that a bacterial genus corresponds to a set of species that diversified since the Permian extinction. Transfer of nine species ( Chryseobacterium arachidiradicis , Chryseobacterium bovis, Chryseobacterium caeni, Chryseobacterium hispanicum, Chryseobacterium hominis, Chryseobacterium hungaricum ,, Chryseobacterium pallidum and Chryseobacterium zeae ) to the genus Epilithonimonas and eleven ( Chryseobacterium anthropi , Chryseobacterium antarcticum , Chryseobacterium carnis , Chryseobacterium chaponense , Chryseobacterium haifense, Chryseobacterium jeonii, Chryseobacterium montanum , Chryseobacterium palustre , Chryseobacterium solincola , Chryseobacterium treverense and Chryseobacterium yonginense ) to the genus Kaistella is proposed. Two novel species are described: Kaistella daneshvariae sp. nov. and Epilithonimonas vandammei sp. nov. Evidence is presented to support the assignment of Planobacterium taklimakanense to a genus apart from Chryseobacterium, to which Planobacterium salipaludis comb nov. also belongs. The novel genus Halpernia is proposed, to contain the type species Halpernia frigidisoli comb. nov., along with Halpernia humi comb. nov., and Halpernia marina comb. nov.

Published
2020
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31. Evaluating the potential of different carbon sources to promote denitrification

Author

Laura M. Cardenas, David R. Chadwick, Yan Ma, Jerry Celumusa Dlamini, José Mario Martínez, D. Scholefield, Jane M. B. Hawkins, University of the Free State [South Africa], Rothamsted Research, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Bangor University, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Direction Appui aux Politiques Publiques (DAPP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and The British Council in India2017-RLTG9-10691UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)IO320

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Denitrification, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, CO2 production, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acetic acid, manure', Glucosamine, Genetics, Incubation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Soil organic matter, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, C quality, Manure, chemistry, NO3 − reduction, NO3 reduction, Environmental chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Slurry, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, slurry, Agronomy and Crop Science, Carbon
Abstract

Organic carbon (C) plays an essential role in the denitrification process as it supplies energy for N2O, N2 and CO2 producing reactions. The objectives of this study were to: (i) rank the reactivity of different C compounds found in manures based on their availability for denitrification and (ii) explore C-quality in different C sources based on their capacity to promote denitrification. Evaluation of different C-sources in promoting denitrification was conducted based on the molar ratio of CO2 production to NO3− reduction after incubation. Results of the first experiment (a 12-day investigation) showed that glucose and glucosamine were highly reactive C compounds with all applied NO3− being exhausted by day 3, and glucosamine had significantly high amount of NH4+-N present at end of the experiment. The glucose and glucosamine treatments resulted in significantly greater cumulative CO2 production, compared to the other treatments. In the second experiment (a 9-day investigation), all NO3− had been depleted by day 6 and 9 from acetic acid and glucose, respectively, and the greatest cumulative CO2 production was from acetic acid. The CO2 appearance to NO3− molar ratios revealed that glucose and glucosamine were compounds with highly available C in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the pig slurry and acetic acid were found to be C-sources that promoted potential denitrification. The application of slurry to soil results in the promotion of denitrification and this depends on the availability of the C compounds it contains. Understanding the relationship between C availability and denitrification potential is useful for developing denitrification mitigation strategies for organic soil amendments.

Published
2020
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32. A novel single composite Shewhart-EWMA control chart for monitoring the process mean Short running head: Single CSEWMA monitoring scheme

Author

Malela‐majika, Jean‐claude, Shongwe, Sandile, Castagliola, Philippe, Mutambayi, Ruffin, University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of the Free State [South Africa], Conception, Pilotage, Surveillance et Supervision des systèmes (LS2N - équipe CPS3), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), and University of Fort Hare

Subjects
[STAT]Statistics [stat], monitoring scheme, composite Shewhart-EWMA, estimated process parameters, Shewhart, additive weighted model, EWMA, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, overall performance
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022
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33. The African Pollen Database (APD) and tracing environmental change: State of the Art

Author

Lézine, A.-M., Ivory, S.J., Gosling, W.D., Scott, L., Runge, J., Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Geography, Environmental change, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Pollen, medicine, Physical geography, State (computer science), Tracing, medicine.disease_cause
Abstract

The African Pollen Database is a scientific network with the objective of providing the international scientific community with data and tools to develop palaeoenvironmental studies in sub-SaharanAfrica and to provide the basis for understanding the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change. This network was developed between 1996 and 2007. It promoted the collection, homogenization and validation of pollen data from modern (trap, soils, lake and river mud) and fossil materials (Quaternary sites) and developed a tool to determine pollen grains using digital photographs from international herbaria. Discontinued in 2007 due to a lack of funding, this network now resumes its activity in close collaboration with international databases: Neotoma, USA, Pangaea, DE, and the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, FR.

Published
2021
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34. Piecewise derivatives versus short memory concept: Analysis and application

Author

Atangana, Abdon, Igret Araz, Seda, University of the Free State [South Africa], and Araz, Seda

Subjects
Piecewise calculus, short memory concept, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, [MATH] Mathematics [math], chaos and epidemiology, [MATH]Mathematics [math], crossover behaviours
Abstract

We have provided a detailed analysis to show the fundamental difference between the concept of short memory and piecewise differential and integral operators. While the concept of short memory leads to different long tails in different intervals of time or space as results of power law with different fractional orders. The concept of piecewise helps to depict crossover behaviours of different patterns. We presented some examples with different numerical simulations. In some cases, models with piecewise led to crossover behaviours from deterministic to stochastics which is indeed the reason this concept was introduced.

Published
2021

35. Dealing with Feeling: Emotion, Affect, and the Qualitative Research Encounter

Author

Asta Rau and University of the Free State, South Africa

Subjects
050101 languages & linguistics, mindfulness, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:HM401-1281, emotion, Affective Practice, Context (language use), Affect (psychology), intersubjectivity, Researcher Subjectivity, power, 0504 sociology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociology, qualitative research encounter, Qualitative Research Encounter, media_common, Emotion, Interpretative Repertoires, Intersubjectivity, interpretative repertoires, 05 social sciences, 050401 social sciences methods, General Social Sciences, affective practice, Sadness, Affect, lcsh:Sociology (General), Feeling, Action (philosophy), affect, Embodied cognition, Power, researcher subjectivity, Mindfulness, Qualitative research, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Emotion and affect are different, yet intricately interwoven. Emotions such as fear, joy, or sadness are biological in as far as they are physically felt, but they are relational in as far as they are more fully experienced. Affect arises out of the relational quality of emotion—it consists of the myriad ways in which emotions are embodied, expressed, and enacted. Emotion and affect are influenced by their physical and symbolic contexts. In terms of physical context, data for this article were collected from two different research studies and several sites in the Free State Province of South Africa. Two forms of data were collected: verbal data and images/artworks. In terms of symbolic context, these verbal and visual forms of language and their functioning were explored to generate insights on the social construction of emotion and affect. Margaret Wetherell’s work provides a theoretical basis for analyzing emotion and affect. Rather than conceptualizing emotion in terms of obscure or esoteric formulations, her “practice-based” approach grounds the study of emotion by examining its manifestation in actions. When taken together, action and practice imply pattern and order, form and function, process and consequence. Both projects featured in this paper are sensitive studies that stir emotion. This is fertile ground for exploring emotion and affect in participants’ narratives. It is also fertile ground for exploring how emotion and affect may influence the qualitative researcher and the research process itself. Accordingly, this paper offers an additional layer of analysis on the functioning of intersubjectivity, power, emotion, and affect in the research encounter. Concluding insights endorse the practice of mindfulness as a fruitful approach to manage researcher subjectivity in the qualitative research encounter.

Published
2020
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36. Narrating Emotions: Towards Deeper Understanding

Author

Jan K Coetzee and University of the Free State, South Africa

Subjects
Hermeneutics, narrative, understanding, Understanding, Social Encounter, lcsh:HM401-1281, emotion, Context (language use), Narrative, empirical reality, Research participant, Situated, Empirical Reality, 0601 history and archaeology, Sociology, empathy, social encounter, Emotion, Engagement, Contextualization, 060101 anthropology, Interpretation (philosophy), 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, hermeneutics, lcsh:Sociology (General), 050903 gender studies, Aesthetics, Social transformation, Empathy, 0509 other social sciences, Political dissent, engagement
Abstract

Qualitative research aims at unwrapping the ordinary and the exceptional in order to bring us closer to a complete description and interpretation of life. People’s narratives are particularly effective in revealing deeper dimensions of experience and of meaning. Narratives always need to be read against the background of the empirical reality in which they are embedded. Most of the narratives referred to in this article are situated against the empirical reality of South Africa as a society in transition, still marred by inequality and inequity. One narrative, from a project conducted in the Czech Republic, shares some contextual characteristics with the South African examples—the Czech Republic is also a society in transition, previously employing institutional violence to suppress political dissent. An important aspect when dealing with intense political and social transformation is the presence of highly charged feelings and emotions. As part of the contextualization for this article I briefly argue that the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1996-1998) in many ways did the groundwork for a new appreciation of the sharing of emotional accounts and revelations pertaining to atrocities, injustices, and suffering. This Commission’s work prepared the way for recognition of the potential of such sharing to create a better understanding of the experience of life in a deeply divided context. In the article, I argue for the establishment of a social encounter—a concept frequently used in the micro-sociological writings of Randall Collins—between researcher and research participant in an attempt to come to deeper levels of understanding. During episodes of emotional sharing of experiences and feelings a research participant often reveals deeper levels of social interaction—these revelations have the potential to open the way for a hermeneutical process towards understanding. Dramatic recall can lead to reconstructing a story that contains all the elements of what was originally heard, seen, and felt. The article uses five examples of narratives containing moments of high levels of emotion—each example opening the way for better understanding of the experiences of the research participants.

Published
2020
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37. Deterministic-Stochastic modeling: A new direction in modeling real world problems with crossover effect

Author

Atangana, Abdon, Igret Araz, Seda, University of the Free State [South Africa], China Medical University Hospital [Taichung], and Atangana, Abdon

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, [MATH.MATH-DS] Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], [MATH] Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-NA] Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], [MATH]Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract

Many real world problems depict processes following crossover behaviours. Modelling processes following crossover behaviours have been a great challenge to mankind. Indeed real world problems following crossover from Markovian to randomness processes have been observed in many scenarios, for example in epidemiology with spread of infectious diseases and even some chaos. Deterministic and stochastic methods have been developed independently to develop the future state of the system and randomness respectively. Very recently, Atangana and Seda introduced a new concept called piecewise di¤erentiation and integration, this approach helps to capture processes with crossover e¤ects. In this paper, an example of piecewise modelling is presented with illustration to chaos problems. Some important analysis including a piecewise existence and uniqueness and piecewise numerical scheme are presented. Numerical simulations are performed for di¤erent cases.Keywords and phrases: Stochastic-deterministic models, piecewise existence and uniqueness, piecewise numerical scheme, new classes of chaotic attractors.

Published
2021

38. Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database

Author

Runge, Jürgen, Gosling, William, Lézine, Anne-Marie, Scott, Louis, institut für Physische Geographie und Zemtrum für Interdisziplinäre Afrikaforschung (ZIAL), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), and Jürgen Runge

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; This book celebrates the relaunch of the African Pollen Database, presents state-of-the-art of modern and ancient pollen data from sub-Saharan Africa, and promotes Open Access science. Pollen grains are powerful tools for the study of past vegetation dynamics because they preserve well within sedimentary deposits and have a huge diversity in ornamentation that allows different taxa to be determined. The reconstruction of past vegetation from the examination of ancient pollen records thus can be used to characterize the nature of past landscapes (e.g. abundance of forests vs. grasslands), provide insights into changes in biodiversity, and gain empirical evidence of vegetation response to climatic change and human activity. In this, the 35th Volume of "Palaeoecology of Africa", we bring together new data and extensive synthetic reviews to provide novel insights into the relationships between human evolution, human activity, climate change and vegetation dynamics during the Quaternary, the last 2.6 million years.Current and ongoing climate and land-use change is exerting pressure on modern vegetation formations and threatening the livelihoods and wellbeing of many peoples in Africa. In this book the focus is on the Quaternary because it is during this geological period that the modern vegetation formations developed into their current configurations against a backdrop of high magnitude global climate change (glacial-interglacial cycles), human evolution, and a growing human land-use footprint. In this book the latest information is presented and collated from around the African continent to parameterize past vegetation states, identify the drivers of vegetation change, and assess the vegetation resilience to change. To achieve this research from two broad themes are covered: (i) the present is the key to the past (i.e. studies which improve our understanding of modern environments so that we can better interpret evidence from the past), and (ii) the past is the key to the future (i.e. studies which unlock information on how and why vegetation changed in the past so one can better anticipate trajectories of future change).This Open Access book will provide a strong foundation for future research exploring past ecological, environmental and climatic change within Africa and the surrounding islands. The book is organized regionally (covering western, eastern, central, and southern Africa) and it contains specialized articles focused on particular topics (such as modern pollen-vegetation relationships and fire as a driver of vegetation change), as well as regional and pan-African syntheses drawing together decades of research to assess key scientific questions (including the role of climate in driving vegetation change and the role of vegetation change in human evolution). These articles will be useful to students and teachers from high school to the highest level of university who are interested in the origins and dynamics of vegetation in Africa. Furthermore, it is also meant to provide societally relevant information that can act as an inspiration for the development of sustainable management practices for the future.

Published
2021
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39. Emotions and Belonging: Constructing Individual Experience and Organizational Functioning in the Context of an Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Program

Author

Asta Rau and University of the Free State, South Africa

Subjects
Belonging, Sociological Imagination, Emotions, lcsh:HM401-1281, Identity (social science), Context (language use), Organizational Functioning, Identity, 0601 history and archaeology, Narrative, Sociological imagination, Sociology, Social constructivism, Social Constructivism, 060101 anthropology, Self, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, Social environment, 06 humanities and the arts, lcsh:Sociology (General), 050903 gender studies, Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC), 0509 other social sciences, Thematic analysis, Social psychology
Abstract

The analytical approach of this article is inspired by C. Wright Mills’ (1959) notion of “the sociological imagination.” Individual experience is viewed through the lens of the wider social context, particularly that of the organization. The socio-organizational context is then viewed through the lens of individual experience. The aim of this bi-directional gaze is to explore the relationship between individual experience and wider society. And in doing so, to identify and reveal the shared motifs—the significant, recurrent themes and patterns—that link and construct personal experience and social world. The aims, findings, and research processes of the original study are rooted in the instrumental epistemology of program evaluation. Specifically, a mixed-method implementation-evaluation of a local non-governmental organization’s Orphans and Vulnerable Children program. The aim of this article is to take the analyses and findings of that evaluation beyond its epistemic roots. Qualitative data were disentangled from the confines of thematic analysis and freed into their original narrative form. This allowed for a deeply reflexive “second reading,” which brings whole narratives into a dialogue with original findings, contextual factors, and sociological discourse. Key conceptual anchors are located in Vanessa May’s ideas on the self and belonging, and in Margaret Wetherell’s writings on affect and emotion. These are important aspects of working with children, particularly orphans and vulnerable children in South Africa, where many fall through the cracks of government’s social services. A second, deeper, qualitative reading of the narratives of children, their parents/caregivers, and the organization’s staff, explores three key pathways of individual and group experience that are inextricably linked to emotions and belonging, and which co-construct the social functioning of the organization itself. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2019
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40. Beauty and the Cosmetic Secret

Author

Alessandra K. Heggenstaller, Anne Ryen, Asta Rau, Jan K. Coetzee, Ria Smit, Alessandra K. Heggenstaller, Asta Rau, Jan K. Coetzee - University of the Free State, South Africa, Lone Star College, U.S.A., University of Johannesburg, South Africa, University of Agder, Norway, ria.smit@lonestar.edu, and anne.ryen@uia.no

Subjects
Lifeworld, Self-Empowerment, media_common.quotation_subject, Social reality, lcsh:HM401-1281, Psychology of self, Secrecy, Human physical appearance, Feminism, Beauty, Embodiment, 0601 history and archaeology, Narrative, Sociology, Empowerment, Social constructivism, media_common, Social Constructivism, 060101 anthropology, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, Cosmetic Surgery, 06 humanities and the arts, Femininity, lcsh:Sociology (General), 050903 gender studies, Aesthetics, Phenomenology, 0509 other social sciences
Abstract

Cosmetic surgery is often linked to the perception that women who resort to cosmetic interventions to alter their physical appearance are vain, superficial, and narcissistic. Few investigations have acknowledged and explored the individual’s personal motivations and experiences of her action and choice with regards to aesthetic surgery. By focusing on subjective experience, alternative insights can be gained on the cosmetic procedure(s) and on how their reshaped body influences an individual’s lifeworld experience. The article explores the perceived benefits and consequences of reshaping, enhancing, and/or reducing a perceived flaw or shortcoming of the body. From this exploration the focus moves to the individual’s subjective and intersubjective perceptions: how she motivates and justifies her physical transformation whilst keeping private, and at times hiding, her surgical intervention. Drawing on narratives from several women, we attempt to understand how they experience cosmetic surgery in terms of their personal sense of self and their everyday social reality. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2019
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41. Deconstructing My Library, Unwrapping My Lifeworld

Author

Jan K. Coetzee and University of the Free State, South Africa

Subjects
Lifeworld, Social reality, Interpretation (philosophy), lcsh:HM401-1281, General Social Sciences, Personal life, Context (language use), Documents of Life, Meaning-Making, lcsh:Sociology (General), Aesthetics, Covert, Meaning-making, Storytelling, Sociology, Everyday life
Abstract

One of the most frequent ways of narrating everyday life in developed countries has been via the printed book. The invention of printing allowed for an ever-increasing mass production of documents of life that systematically established an era of communication and a political economy that had profound implications for the structure of living together. This article departs from the context of my own lifeworld: a lifeworld closely related to printed books. When attempting to explore and understand the overt and covert meanings embedded in the historical development of our social lives and the objects around us, we can turn for assistance to an analysis of the books on our shelves, books that have been constant companions for long periods of our lives. In this article, I propose that any valid interpretation, understanding, and depiction of social reality need to be, in essence, autobiographical. The autobiographical account I present includes how my personal life trajectory led me to the books that surround me. And how, in turn, these books become a reflection of myself and my roots. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2018

42. Narratives and Everyday Life

Author

Asta Rau, Jan K. Coetzee, and Jan K. Coetzee, Asta Rau - University of the Free State, South Africa

Subjects
lcsh:Sociology (General), Aesthetics, lcsh:HM401-1281, General Social Sciences, Narrative, Sociology, Everyday life
Abstract

Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2018

43. Oxytocin Experiments Shed Light on Mechanisms Shaping Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors in Non-human Mammals

Author

Daniel T. Blumstein, Matthew B. Petelle, Hélène Cristofari, Emily L. Jerome, Jennifer E. Smith, Mills College, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, University of Toronto, The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, USA to the Participants in the Development and Mechanisms Underlying Inter-individual Variation in Pro-social Behavior Symposium, National Science Foundation : IOS-1634027, IDBR-0754247, DEB-1119660, DEB-1557130, DBI 0242960, 0731346, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (Division of Animal Behavior), and Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (Division of Comparative Endocrinology) Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (Division of Neurobiology, Neuroethology, and Sensory Biology) Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (Division of Ecology and Evolution) American Philosophical Society for fellowships GAANN fellowship GK-12 fellowship UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier National Geographic Society UCLA (Faculty Senate and the Division of Life Sciences) RMBL research fellowship

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Pilot Projects, Context (language use), Plant Science, Oxytocin, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral traits, 0302 clinical medicine, Oxytocics, medicine, Animals, Biological evidence, Social Behavior, media_common, Mammals, Behavior, Animal, Salience (language), 030104 developmental biology, Prosocial behavior, Non-human, Animal Science and Zoology, Psychology, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Reputation, medicine.drug, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Oxytocin has gained a reputation in popular culture as a simple "love drug" or "cuddle hormone", yet emerging biological evidence indicates that the effects of oxytocin are complex, mediating a suite of behavioral traits that range from ultrasocial to antisocial. Here we provide a comprehensive review to assess the salience of oxytocin in the lives of free-living social mammals. We reviewed the literature to understand the potential effects of oxytocin in promoting prosocial and antisocial behaviors in non-human mammals. Our review highlights a strong bias for studies of model organisms in highly-controlled settings, and emerging evidence for oxytocin's antisocial, context-specific and sex-specific effects. We discuss the results of the review in the context of insights gained from a pilot study aimed to investigate the potential for oxytocin to promote social cohesion in free-living yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer). Our field experiment offers an example of the diverse issues that arise when conducting oxytocin manipulations in ecologically relevant contexts. Our synthesis highlights the challenges associated with acquiring adequate sample sizes for field-based, manipulative studies that require standardized measures of social behavior. Taken together, our findings lead us to join others in calling for revision of a simplistic view of oxytocin's role in regulating patterns of behavior. We draw from classical approaches used to study the mechanistic basis of behavior and offer a useful guide for disentangling these effects while appreciating the complex actions of oxytocin in shaping mammalian social behavior.

Published
2017
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44. COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES): Analysis of the impact of confinement in eating disorders and obesity—A collaborative international study

Author

Raquel Linares, Brigita Bax, Andreas Karwautz, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Daniel Stein, Michiko Nakazato, Michael Zeiler, Violeta L. Moize, Lucero Munguía, Carlota Gudiol, Gema Frühbeck, Daniel Le Grange, Hana Papezova, Jue Chen, Laurence Claes, Katie Rowlands, Jéssica Sánchez-González, Teresa Rangil, Sara Bujalance-Arguijo, Sergey V. Popov, Jose Soriano-Pacheco, Mikhail F. Borisenkov, Mikel Etxandi, Jordi Carratalà, Ia Shekriladze, Maria Eulalia Loran Meler, Bea Pászthy, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Kate Tchanturia, Anders Håkansson, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Ferenc Túry, Mar Carceller-Sindreu, Tetiana Ilnytska, Emilio Ortega, Nathalie Godart, Trevor Steward, Janet Treasure, Robert van Voren, Youl-Ri Kim, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Carlos Dieguez, Angela Favaro, Eduardo Serrano-Troncoso, Roser Granero, Francisco J. Tinahones, Isabel Sánchez, Koen Luyckx, Alba Andreu, Paulo P. P. Machado, Meritxell Lozano, Isabel Baenas, University Hospital of Bellvitge, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición ( (CIBEROBN)), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), University of Barcelona, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), University of Melbourne, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Girona Biomedical Research Institute [Girona, Spain] (IDIBGI), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga [Malaga, Espagne] (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute [Santiago de Compostela], Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Ilia State University [Tbilisi], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, University of Padua, KU Leuven (KU Leuven), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona, Spain], Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Institut Català d'Oncologia--IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, REIPI (Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases), University of Minho [Braga], Lund University [Lund], Semmelweis University [Budapest], The Chaim Sheba Medical Center [Tel Hashomer, Israel], Vilnius University [Vilnius], Inje University, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital (IUHW Hospital), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, School of Medicine [Shanghai Jiaotong University], Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO: PSI2015-68701-R Generalitat de Catalunya Generalitat de Catalunya Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028145 European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: INT19/00046, PI17/01167, We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This manuscript and research was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Econom?a y Competitividad (PSI2015-68701-R), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (INT19/00046 and PI17/01167) and co-funded by FEDER funds /European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe. CIBERobn, CIBERsam and CIBERDEM are all initiatives of ISCIII. GMB is supported by a postdoctoral grant from FUNCIVA. This initiative is supported by Generalitat de Catalunya. LM is supported by a postdoctoral grant of the Mexican institution Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog?a (CONACYT). PPM was supported, in part, by a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology grant (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028145). IB was partially supported by a Post-Residency Grant from Research Committee of the University Hospital of Bellvitge (HUB, Barcelona, Spain) 2019-2020. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Male, Conference Paper, confirmatory factor analysis, 050103 clinical psychology, obesity, patient satisfaction, Psychology, Clinical, Social Sciences, Anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, mental disease, 0302 clinical medicine, anxiety disorder, Psicologia [Ciências Sociais], Psychology, prevention and control, psychological rating scale, social acceptance, Bulimia nervosa, Special Issue, COVID Isolation Eating Scale, 05 social sciences, Statistical, Middle Aged, Confirmatory factor analysis, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Eating disorders, Clinical Psychology, Social Isolation, eating disorder, symptomatology, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia, Female, telemedicine, patient participation, COVID-19, Factor Analysis, Clinical psychology, Psychopathology, Adult, Adolescent, Psychometrics, Clinical Sciences, emotion, mood disorder, eating disorders, VALIDATION, Feeding and Eating Disorders, body weight, coronavirus disease 2019, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Cronbach's alpha, COVID‐19, medicine, Humans, controlled study, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, human, Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, behavior, business.industry, pandemic, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, treatment response, medicine.disease, major clinical study, Obesity, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, bulimia, Spain, psychometry, business, Factor Analysis, Statistical
Abstract

Confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have a serious and complex impact on the mental health of patients with an eating disorder (ED) and of patients with obesity. The present manuscript has the following aims: (1) to analyse the psychometric properties of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), (2) to explore changes that occurred due to confinement in eating symptomatology; and (3) to explore the general acceptation of the use of telemedicine during confinement. The sample comprised 121 participants (87 ED patients and 34 patients with obesity) recruited from six different centres. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) tested the rational-theoretical structure of the CIES. Adequate goodness-of-fit was obtained for the confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach alpha values ranged from good to excellent. Regarding the effects of confinement, positive and negative impacts of the confinement depends of the eating disorder subtype. Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and with obesity endorsed a positive response to treatment during confinement, no significant changes were found in bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, whereas Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) patients endorsed an increase in eating symptomatology and in psychopathology. Furthermore, AN patients expressed the greatest dissatisfaction and accommodation difficulty with remote therapy when compared with the previously provided face-to-face therapy. The present study provides empirical evidence on the psychometric robustness of the CIES tool and shows that a negative confinement impact was associated with ED subtype, whereas OSFED patients showed the highest impairment in eating symptomatology and in psychopathology., This manuscript and research was supported by grants from the Ministeriode Economía y Competitividad (PSI2015-68701-R), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (FIS PI14/00290/ INT19/00046nd PI17/01167) and co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe. CIBERobn, CIBERsam and CIBERDEM are all initiatives of ISCIII. GMB is supported by a postdoctoral grant from FUNCIVA. This initiative is supported by Generalitat de Catalunya. LM is supported by a postdoctoral grant of the mexican institution Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT). PPM was supported, in part, by a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology grant (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028145). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Published
2020
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45. Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa

Author

Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A., Tyumen State University, and University of the Free State [South Africa]

Subjects
Systematics, Arthropoda, Aacriformes, Identification key, Zoology, habitat, Afrotropical region, Acariformes, zoogeography, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, oribatid mites, Genus, Arachnida, morphology, Animalia, systematics, Oribatida, Acari, Taxonomy, biology, Rostrum, Seta, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Zoogeography, South African fauna, Insect Science, Sarcoptiformes, Oppiidae
Abstract

A new species of the genus Setoppia (Oribatida, Oppiidae) is described from soil of Golden Gate Highlands National Park, South Africa. Setoppia paraquattuor n. sp. differs from Setoppia quattuor in having smaller lateral teeth and incision on the tripartite rostrum, shorter notogastral setae h3 and subequal sized la, lm, lp, and h2 setae. Summarized generic traits, identification key, distribution worldwide and in South Africa, and habitats of all known species of Setoppia are presented., Acarologia, 60, 892-902

Published
2020
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46. Mapping spatial distribution of soil properties using electrical resistivity on a long term sugarcane trial in South Africa

Author

Yann Le Troquer, Sandile Mthimkhulu, Gaghik Hovhannissian, Rianto van Antwerpen, Pascal Podwojewski, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), South African Sugar Technologists’ Association - SASTA, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Soil, Crops and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], joint PROTEA programme - South African/French science and technology research cooperation, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES)

Subjects
Mulch, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, Spatial distribution, Soil water content, 01 natural sciences, Fertilizer, Electrical resistivity mapping, Digital elevation model, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Long term trial, Cambisol, Soil physical properties, Soil classification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Sugarcane, Bulk density, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Soil fertility
Abstract

International audience; In experimental trials the spatial distribution of soil properties is a key factor to evaluate and determine the credibility of the research outcomes. To evaluate the spatial distribution of soil properties at different depths in the present study, the electrical resistivity method was selected because of its non-destructive nature and high spatial resolution. The investigation was conducted on BT1 (Burning versus mulching) the world's oldest sugarcane trial (established 25 October 1939) located on the premises of the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI). The experimental area, covering 7200 m(2), is divided in 32 plots with three crop residue retention treatments. These treatments are either fertilized and not fertilized. The RM15 resistance-meter equipped with a multiplexer was used to collect geophysical data. The latter was used to generate apparent electrical resistivity maps corresponding to three approximate depth ranges: (0-0.5 m, 0-1.0 m and 0-2.0 m). The spatial resolution of the shallowest map (0-0.5 m), was 0.5 m x 1.0 m. Bulk density and soil water content, for the 0-0.1 m depths, were also determined from samples collected on a grid of 4 m x 5 m. All data collected were georeferenced using a spatial resolution of 4 m x 1 m with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The results of this survey showed the effectiveness of geophysical mapping to reveal detailed information regarding soil spatial variability and to understand and establish the relationships between soil fertility and soil physical properties. Detailed analysis of these results led to the identification of two different soil types on the trial site: a Mollic Cambisol in the upper slope of the trial with a depth of < 1.0 m and a deeper Mollic Nitisol in the lower slope. Additionally, close to the southern edge of the site, higher values of electrical resistivity revealed a layer of colluvial deposits, that has not been considered in the past. The relationships between electrical resistivity and investigated soil properties (soil water content, bulk density, aggregate stability and fertilizer) initially seemed paradoxical. Although there is still a need for further investigations, the current study decently establishes the rather unexpected relationships. The most striking finding was the high resistivity in fertilized plots associated with the application of potassium chloride fertilizer which led to a decreased soil aggregate stability.

Published
2019
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47. Multiple Myeloma Treatment in Real-world Clinical Practice: Results of a Prospective, Multinational, Noninterventional Study

Author

Mohamad Mohty, Evangelos Terpos, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Michele Cavo, Sandra Lejniece, Meral Beksac, Mohamed Amine Bekadja, Wojciech Legiec, Meletios Dimopoulos, Svetlana Stankovic, Maria Soledad Durán, Valerio De Stefano, Alessandro Corso, Yulia Kochkareva, Edward Laane, Christian Berthou, Hans Salwender, Zvenyslava Masliak, Valdas Pečeliūnas, Wolfgang Willenbacher, João Silva, Vernon Louw, Damir Nemet, Zita Borbényi, Uri Abadi, Robert Schou Pedersen, Peter Černelč, Anna Potamianou, Catherine Couturier, Caroline Feys, Florence Thoret-Bauchet, Mario Boccadoro, Mohamed Bekadja, Rose-Marie Hamladji, Hocine Ait Ali, Selma Hamdi, Hadj Touhami, Nourredine Sidi Mansour, Werner Linkesch, Robert Shou Pedersen, Niels Abildgaard, Marju Hein, Jean Richard Eveillard, Abderrazak el Yamani, Philippe Moreau, Laurence Sanhes, Gérard Lepeu, Kamel Laribi, Eric Jourdan, Olivier Fitoussi, Olivier Allangba, Joël Fleury, Martine Escoffre, Riad Benramdane, Guillaume Cartron, Gérard Dine, Eric Legouffe, Hanns-Detlev Harich, Thomas Illmer, Steffen Dörfel, Carla Verena Hannig, Michael Koenigsmann, Gabriele Prange-Krex, Ingo Tamm, Wolfgang Zeller, Michael Maasberg, Rudolf Schlag, Martine Klausmann, Jens Uhlig, Burkhard Alkemper, Stefan Schütz, Hans-Werner Tessen, Benno Mohr, Peter Schmidt, Bernhard Heinrich, Holger Hebart, Gernot Seipelt, Thomas Zoeller, Frank Heits, Clemens Müller-Naendrup, Richard Hansen, Roland Repp, Ludwig Fischer Von Weikersthal, Rudolf Schmits, Jörg Heßling, B. Krammer-Steiner, Viktor Janzen, Michael Schauer, Marcus W. Grüner, Jens Kisro, Claudio Denzlinger, Werner Freier, Christian Junghanss, Martin Görner, Katharina Laichinger, Helmut Ostermann, Heinz Dürk, Georg Hess, Gernot Reich, Panagiota Matsouka, Anastasia Pouli, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Tamas Masszi, Janos Ivanyi, Arpad Szomor, Arnon Nagler, Hila Magen, Irit Avivi, Miriam Quitt, Antonio Palumbo, Tommaso Za, Daniele Vallisa, Roberto Foa, Alberto Bosi, Angelo Vacca, Francesco Lanza, Giulia Palazzo, Giuseppe Avvisati, Felicetto Ferrara, Ugo Consoli, Maria Cantonetti, Emanuele Angelucci, Catello Califano, Francesco Di Raimondo, Attilio Guarini, Maurizio Musso, Michele Pizzuti, Nicola Giuliani, Antonio Ardizzoia, Nicola Di Renzo, Gianluca Gaidano, Alessandro Gozzetti, Vincenzo Pitini, Gabriella Farina, Riccardo Centurioni, Paolo De Fabritiis, Francesco Iuliano, Giorgio La Nasa, Giacinto La Verde, Fabrizio Pane, Umberto Recine, Maria La Targia, Giuseppe Mineo, Clotilde Cangialosi, Daniele Fagnani, Augusto Federici, Atelda Romano, Giorgina Specchia, Sergio Storti, Velia Bongarzoni, Andrea Bacigalupo, Marco Gobbi, Giancarlo Latte, Donato Mannina, Silvana Capalbo, Mindaugas Jurgutis, Dariusz Woszczyk, Jadwiga Hołojda, Slawomir Gornik, Andrzej Pluta, Elzbieta Morawiec-Szymonik, Slawomira Kyrcz-Krzemien, Wojciech Homenda, Sebastian Grosicki, Kazimierz Sulek, Andrzej Lange, Janusz Kloczko, Jolanta Starzak-Gwozdz, Andrzej Hellmann, Mieczyslaw Komarnicki, Kazimierz Kuliczkowski, Carolina Viveiros, Cristina Gonçalves, Natalia Esefyeva, Julia Kochkareva, Kamil Kaplanov, Elena Volodicheva, Elena Laricheva, Valentina Dergacheva, Marina Chukavina, Natalia Volchenko, Irina Nazarova, Ludmila Anchukova, Elena Ovanesova, Taras Gritsenko, Galina Salogub, Ludmila Magomedova, Irina Kuznetsova, Svetlana Osyunikhina, Olga Serdyuk, Elena Karyagina, Valentina Ivanova, Slovenia Peter Černelč, Corlia Coetzee, Karen Gunther, Dhayanithi Moodley, Soledad Duran, Asunción Echeveste Gutiérrez, Jaime Perez De Oteyza, Francisco Javier Capote, Maria Casanova, Jesus Martin Sanchez, Eduardo Rios-Herranz, Jeronima Ibañez-Garcia, Maria Jose Herranz, Belen Hernandez, Sara Sanchez Sanchez, Fernando Escalante, Fernando Carnicero, Joan Bargay Lleonart, Mercedes Gironella, Rafael Martínez, Ana Lopez De La Guia, Luis Palomera, Rebeca Iglesias, Fernando Solano Ramos, Javier De La Serna, Pedro Garcia Sanchez, Juan Besalduch Vidal, Miguel Diaz Morfa, Turkey – Meral Beksac, Filiz Vural, Yildiz Aydin, Ali Unal, Hakan Goker, Oktay Bilgir, Birol Guvenc, Mehmet Turgut, Gulsum Gulistan Ozet, Ridvan Ali, Maryna Kyselyova, Nataliia Glushko, Renata Vybyrana, Igor Skrypnyk, Natalya Tretyak, Tetiana Kharchevska, Iryna Dyagil, Tetiana Popovs'ka, Vadim Shimanskiy, Tamila Lysa, Hanna Oliynyk, Kateryna Vilchevskaya, Iryna Kryachok, Yuriy Popovych, Natalia Romanyuk, Natalia Yushchenko, Polina Kaplan, Grygoriy Rekhtman, Halyna Pylypenko, Viktor Kozlov, Johannes Drach, Jean-Luc Harousseau, Hermann Einsele, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Thierry Facon, Mauricette Michalet, Valery G. Savchenko, Javier De la Rubia, Gordon Cook, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Heinz Ludwig, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Research and Development, Mohty, Mohamad, Terpos, Evangelo, Mateos, Maria-Victoria, Cavo, Michele, Lejniece, Sandra, Beksac, Meral, Bekadja, Mohamed Amine, Legiec, Wojciech, Dimopoulos, Meletio, Stankovic, Svetlana, Durán, Maria Soledad, De Stefano, Valerio, Corso, Alessandro, Kochkareva, Yulia, Laane, Edward, Berthou, Christian, Salwender, Han, Masliak, Zvenyslava, Pečeliūnas, Valda, Willenbacher, Wolfgang, Silva, João, Louw, Vernon, Nemet, Damir, Borbényi, Zita, Abadi, Uri, Pedersen, Robert Schou, Černelč, Peter, Potamianou, Anna, Couturier, Catherine, Feys, Caroline, Thoret-Bauchet, Florence, Boccadoro, Mario, Mohty, M., Terpos, E., Mateos, M. -V., Cavo, M., Lejniece, S., Beksac, M., Bekadja, M. A., Legiec, W., Dimopoulos, M., Stankovic, S., Duran, M. S., De Stefano, V., Corso, A., Kochkareva, Y., Laane, E., Berthou, C., Salwender, H., Masliak, Z., Peceliunas, V., Willenbacher, W., Silva, J., Louw, V., Nemet, D., Borbenyi, Z., Abadi, U., Pedersen, R. S., Cernelc, P., Potamianou, A., Couturier, C., Feys, C., Thoret-Bauchet, F., Boccadoro, M., Bekadja, M., Hamladji, R. -M., Ali, H. A., Hamdi, S., Touhami, H., Mansour, N. S., Linkesch, W., Abildgaard, N., Hein, M., Eveillard, J. R., Yamani, A. E., Moreau, P., Sanhes, L., Lepeu, G., Laribi, K., Jourdan, E., Fitoussi, O., Allangba, O., Fleury, J., Escoffre, M., Benramdane, R., Cartron, G., Dine, G., Legouffe, E., Harich, H. -D., Illmer, T., Dorfel, S., Hannig, C. V., Koenigsmann, M., Prange-Krex, G., Tamm, I., Zeller, W., Maasberg, M., Schlag, R., Klausmann, M., Uhlig, J., Alkemper, B., Schutz, S., Tessen, H. -W., Mohr, B., Schmidt, P., Heinrich, B., Hebart, H., Seipelt, G., Zoeller, T., Heits, F., Muller-Naendrup, C., Hansen, R., Repp, R., Von Weikersthal, L. F., Schmits, R., Hessling, J., Krammer-Steiner, B., Janzen, V., Schauer, M., Gruner, M. W., Kisro, J., Denzlinger, C., Freier, W., Junghanss, C., Gorner, M., Laichinger, K., Ostermann, H., Durk, H., Hess, G., Reich, G., Matsouka, P., Pouli, A., Anagnostopoulos, A., Masszi, T., Ivanyi, J., Szomor, A., Nagler, A., Magen, H., Avivi, I., Quitt, M., Palumbo, A., Za, T., Vallisa, D., Foa, R., Bosi, A., Vacca, A., Lanza, F., Palazzo, G., Avvisati, G., Ferrara, F., Consoli, U., Cantonetti, M., Angelucci, E., Califano, C., Di Raimondo, F., Guarini, A., Musso, M., Pizzuti, M., Giuliani, N., Ardizzoia, A., Di Renzo, N., Gaidano, G., Gozzetti, A., Pitini, V., Farina, G., Centurioni, R., De Fabritiis, P., Iuliano, F., La Nasa, G., La Verde, G., Pane, F., Recine, U., La Targia, M., Mineo, G., Cangialosi, C., Fagnani, D., Federici, A., Romano, A., Specchia, G., Storti, S., Bongarzoni, V., Bacigalupo, A., Gobbi, M., Latte, G., Mannina, D., Capalbo, S., Jurgutis, M., Woszczyk, D., Holojda, J., Gornik, S., Pluta, A., Morawiec-Szymonik, E., Kyrcz-Krzemien, S., Homenda, W., Grosicki, S., Sulek, K., Lange, A., Kloczko, J., Starzak-Gwozdz, J., Hellmann, A., Komarnicki, M., Kuliczkowski, K., Viveiros, C., Goncalves, C., Esefyeva, N., Kaplanov, K., Volodicheva, E., Laricheva, E., Dergacheva, V., Chukavina, M., Volchenko, N., Nazarova, I., Anchukova, L., Ovanesova, E., Salogub, G., Magomedova, L., Kuznetsova, I., Osyunikhina, S., Serdyuk, O., Karyagina, E., Ivanova, V., Cernelc, S. P., Coetzee, C., Gunther, K., Moodley, D., Duran, S., Gutierrez, A. E., De Oteyza, J. P., Capote, F. J., Casanova, M., Sanchez, J. M., Rios-Herranz, E., Ibanez-Garcia, J., Herranz, M. J., Hernandez, B., Sanchez, S. S., Escalante, F., Carnicero, F., Lleonart, J. B., Gironella, M., Martinez, R., De La Guia, A. L., Palomera, L., Iglesias, R., Ramos, F. S., De La Serna, J., Sanchez, P. G., Vidal, J. B., Morfa, M. D., Beksac, T. -M., Vural, F., Aydin, Y., Unal, A., Goker, H., Bilgir, O., Guvenc, B., Turgut, M., Ozet, G. G., Ali, R., Kyselyova, M., Glushko, N., Vybyrana, R., Skrypnyk, I., Tretyak, N., Kharchevska, T., Dyagil, I., Popovs'Ka, T., Shimanskiy, V., Lysa, T., Oliynyk, H., Vilchevskaya, K., Kryachok, I., Popovych, Y., Romanyuk, N., Yushchenko, N., Kaplan, P., Rekhtman, G., Pylypenko, H., Kozlov, V., Drach, J., Harousseau, J. -L., Einsele, H., Goldschmidt, H., Facon, T., Michalet, M., Savchenko, V. G., De la Rubia, J., Cook, G., Mellqvist, U. -H., Ludwig, H., Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Univesrity of Athens, Universidad de Salamanca- CSIC, The Institute of Hematology and Oncology L. and A. Seràgnoli, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Riga Stradins University (RSU), Ankara University, University of Oran Es-Senia [Oran] | Université d'Oran Es-Senia [Oran], Medical University of Lublin, Department of Clinical Therapeutics [Athens, Greece], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University Clinic of Hematology, Skopje, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Institute of Hematology, Catholic University, Division of Hematology, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, State Budget Healthcare Insititution of Moscow, North Estonia Medical Centre, Service d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Lymphocyte B et Auto-immunité (LBAI), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Asklepios Klinik Altona, Institute of Blood Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Lviv, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Universitätsklinik Innsbruck Innere Medizin V (Innsbruck Austria & Oncotyrol), Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa (INESC-ID), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST)-Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC), University Health Network, University of the Free State [South Africa], Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Meir Medical Center, Regionshospitalet i Holstebro, Medicinsk Afdeling, University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia] (UMCL), Janssen-Cilag, Neuss, Janssen-Cilag [Issy-les-Moulineaux], Janssen Research & Development, Divisione di Ematologia dell' Università di Torino, and Azienda Ospedaliera S. Giovanni Battista di Torino

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, Boronic Acid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], bortezomib, global, observational study, routine practice, stem cell transplantation, Salvage therapy, Practice Patterns, Dexamethasone, Bortezomib, Routine practice, 0302 clinical medicine, Global, Observational study, Stem cell transplantation, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, 80 and over, Prospective Studies, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Prospective cohort study, Lenalidomide, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multiple myeloma, Aged, 80 and over, Hematology, Middle Aged, Boronic Acids, 3. Good health, Thalidomide, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Local, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Multiple Myeloma, Adult, Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Salvage Therapy, medicine.drug, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, NO, Follow-Up Studie, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Survival rate, Physicians', Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocol, business.industry, Settore MED/15, medicine.disease, Transplantation, Settore MED/15 - MALATTIE DEL SANGUE, Prospective Studie, Neoplasm Recurrence, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract

© 2018 The Authors., [Background]: The present prospective, multinational, noninterventional study aimed to document and describe real-world treatment regimens and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. [Patients and Methods]: Adult patients initiating any new MM therapy from October 2010 to October 2012 were eligible. A multistage patient/site recruitment model was applied to minimize the selection bias; enrollment was stratified by country, region, and practice type. The patient medical and disease features, treatment history, and remission status were recorded at baseline, and prospective data on treatment, efficacy, and safety were collected electronically every 3 months., [Results]: A total of 2358 patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 775 and 1583 did and did not undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT) at any time during treatment, respectively. Of the patients in the SCT and non-SCT groups, 49%, 21%, 14%, and 15% and 57%, 20%, 12% and 10% were enrolled at treatment line 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT groups, 45% and 54% of the patients had received bortezomib-based therapy without thalidomide/lenalidomide, 12% and 18% had received thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy without bortezomib, and 30% and 4% had received bortezomib plus thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy as frontline treatment, respectively. The corresponding proportions of SCT and non-SCT patients in lines 2, 3, and ≥ 4 were 45% and 37%, 30% and 37%, and 12% and 3%, 33% and 27%, 35% and 32%, and 8% and 2%, and 27% and 27%, 27% and 23%, and 6% and 4%, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT patients, the overall response rate was 86% to 97% and 64% to 85% in line 1, 74% to 78% and 59% to 68% in line 2, 55% to 83% and 48% to 60% in line 3, and 49% to 65% and 36% and 45% in line 4, respectively, for regimens that included bortezomib and/or thalidomide/lenalidomide., [Conclusion]: The results of our prospective study have revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to manage MM in real-life practice. This diversity was linked to factors such as novel agent accessibility and evolving treatment recommendations. Our results provide insight into associated clinical benefits., Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Published
2018
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48. An opportunistic condition-based maintenance policy for offshore wind turbine blades subjected to degradation and environmental shocks

Author

Maxim Finkelstein, Mahmood Shafiee, Christophe Bérenguer, Cranfield University, University of the Free State [South Africa], GIPSA - Signal et Automatique pour la surveillance, le diagnostic et la biomécanique (GIPSA-SAIGA), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, Turbine blade, VM, TA116, 7. Clean energy, Turbine, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, law.invention, Degradation, law, Stress corrosion cracking, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Opportunistic maintenance, Offshore wind energy, Icing, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], business.industry, Condition-based maintenance, Structural engineering, Optimal control, TA403, Shock (mechanics), Offshore wind power, TJ, business, Environmental shock, Marine engineering
Abstract

International audience; Offshore wind turbine blades are subject to multiple types of internal and external damages. Internal damages (such as fatigue, wear and cracks) are generally caused by system degradation, whereas the external damages (such as icing, wind and wave shocks) result from harsh marine environments. In this paper, we investigate an optimal opportunistic condition-based maintenance (OCBM) policy for a multi-bladed offshore wind turbine system subjected to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and environmental shocks. When the length of a crack in a blade reaches critical size D, the blade breaks and it has to be replaced by a new one. An environmental shock is minor with probability 1−p and catastrophic with probability p (0≤p≤1). A minor shock causes an instant drop in power output without resulting in any system failure, whereas a catastrophic shock stops the wind turbine and requires system replacement. When the length of a crack in one of the blades exceeds a threshold d (0). The problem is to simultaneously determine the optimal control parameters d⁎ and T⁎ such that the average long-run maintenance cost per blade per unit time is minimized. The explicit expression of the objective function is derived and under certain conditions, the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution are shown for the infinite-horizon case. The proposed maintenance model is tested on a three-bladed wind turbine and its performance over the system life cycle is evaluated using a Monte-Carlo simulation technique.

Published
2015
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49. Impact of conformation traits on functional longevity in South African Holstein cattle

Author

Tinyiko Edward Halimani, Vincent Ducrocq, Azwihangwisi Maiwashe, Kennedy Dzama, J.B. van Wyk, C.B. Banga, V. E. Imbayarwo-Chikosi, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois System, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University [College Station], Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Animal Breeding and Genetics Institute, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], and Stellenbosch University

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Animal breeding, animal structures, Rump, media_common.quotation_subject, animal diseases, Ice calving, Culling, Biology, survival analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, medicine, Udder, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, type traits, culling risk, Ecology, Proportional hazards model, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 0402 animal and dairy science, Longevity, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Herd, Animal Science and Zoology, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; A proportional hazards model with a piecewise Weibull baseline hazard was used to determine the impact of observed scores for rump, udder, feet and leg traits on longevity. Conformation data of a total of 15 704 cows with either of or all 13 type traits for the period 1995-2013 were obtained from the Holstein Society of South Africa. Functional longevity was defined as the number of days from first calving to culling or censoring, adjusted for production. Type traits were fitted to the reference model one at a time. The model included the fixed time-dependent effect of region by year of calving, within-herd milk production class by year-season, number of lactations by stage of lactation by within-herd milk production class, protein and fat percent production class by year of calving, herd size by annual herd size change, fixed time-independent effect of age at first calving and presence of type record. Cows without type scores were 7-26% more likely to be culled than those with scores. Udder traits had the greatest impact on functional longevity. Fore teat placement had the strongest influence on functional longevity followed by udder depth, fore udder attachment, median ligament and rear treat placement. Rump and udder width had the least Chi-square contributions. Risk of culling was significantly higher for cows with very narrow chest, weak median ligament, extremely towed out teats and short rump height. There is potential for indirectly selecting animals for longevity based on udder type trait information.

Published
2018
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50. Insurgent Citizenship and Sustained Resistance of a Local Taxi Association

Author

Sethulego Matebesi and University of the Free State, South Africa

Subjects
Entrepreneurship, Hegemony, Organizational Structure, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:HM401-1281, Public policy, Politics, Grassroots, 0601 history and archaeology, Sociology, Social Movements, Citizenship, media_common, Social movement, 060101 anthropology, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, Taxi Industry, Protests, Dilemma, lcsh:Sociology (General), Insurgent Citizenship, 050903 gender studies, Political economy, Sustained Resistance, 0509 other social sciences
Abstract

A growing body of literature on urban and grassroots social movements is replete with case studies of citizens mobilizing against infrastructural development projects. These mobilizations, known as insurgent citizenship—the participation in alternative channels of political expression—take different forms and have various impacts. An investigation into the case of the mobilizing agenda of the Greater Bloemfontein Taxi Association (GBTA) against using a costly intermodal transport facility in Bloemfontein is aimed at highlighting the often neglected dilemma of how powerless citizens—for example, taxi owners—respond to state hegemony. Theoretically, the article is grounded in the conceptual framework of insurgent citizenship and, empirically, draws on narratives of a range of participants. The findings provide an understanding of the importance of organizational structure and leadership in the sustained insurgent action by the GBTA. It is argued that the insurgent action by the GBTA is produced mainly by—on the one hand—the conflictual relationship between government policies and practices and—on the other hand—grassroots resistance to their exclusionary and marginalizing effects. Furthermore, the findings elucidate that insurgent practice may be driven by neoliberal principles of competition, profit, and entrepreneurship. Dziekan Wydziału Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznego (B18112CZAS1175.01; MPK: 2122524000).

Published
2018

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