1,191 results on '"University of Sunderland"'
Search Results
2. Suprachoroidal Visco-buckling for the Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (VIKING)
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Norfolk and Norwich University Trust Foundation, St Thomas' Hospital, London, University of Sunderland, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Published
- 2023
3. An intercontinental analysis of food safety culture in view of food safety governance and national values
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Nyarugwe, Shingai P, Linnemann, Anita R, Ren, Yingxue, Bakker, Evert-Jan, Kussaga, Jamal B, Watson, Derek, Fogliano, Vincenzo, Luning, Pieternel A, Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands, Management Science, School of Economics and Management, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, Mathematical and Statistical Methods-Biometris, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania, and Sunderland Business School, University of Sunderland, UK, Reg Vardy Centre, St Peter's, Sunderland, UK
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Food industry ,Vulnerability ,top_tourism ,top_businessandmanagement ,Food safety program ,01 natural sciences ,Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory ,Food safety performance ,Marketing ,China ,Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris ,VLAG ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,010401 analytical chemistry ,National values ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Food safety ,040401 food science ,Food safety governance ,0104 chemical sciences ,Food Quality and Design ,Food processing ,top_culturalstudies ,business ,Tourism ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,Food safety culture assessment - Abstract
Taking food safety culture into account is a promising way to improve food safety performance in the food industry. Food safety culture (FS-culture) research is expanding from an organisational perspective to include characteristics of the internal and external company environment. In this study, the prevailing food safety culture in 17 food companies from four countries on three continents (Africa, Asia and Europe) was assessed in view of food safety governance and national values. The internal environment characteristics, i.e. food safety vision, food safety program and food production system vulnerability, were also assessed. Statistical analysis revealed little variation in FS-culture scores between the companies within the same country. Overall the FS- culture for Greek and Zambian companies was scored proactive, while for Chinese and Tanzanian companies an active score was achieved. Both the internal and external company environment seemed to influence the pre- vailing FS-culture. Cluster analysis showed that Tanzanian and Zambian companies exhibited similarities in the implementation of food safety programs, and in their national values and food safety governance as compared to Greece and China. Food safety governance was reflected in the food safety programs and supportiveness of the organisation to food safety and hygiene. All cultural dimensions were correlated with risk perceptions, with masculinity and long-term orientation also significantly correlated with the enabling conditions and attitude. Understanding how national values and food safety governance approaches differently influence food safety culture is expected to enable formulation of best approaches tailored for companies operating in countries with different company environments, to improve food safety performance.
- Published
- 2020
4. Validity of Telemetric-Derived Measures of Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review
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Board, Lisa, Ispoglou, Theocharis, Ingle, Lee, University of Sunderland, Leeds Beckett University, and University of Hull
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sub_sportsciences - Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a widely accepted indirect measure of autonomic function with widespread application across many settings. Although traditionally measured from the ‘gold standard’ criterion electrocardiography (ECG), the development of wireless telemetric heart rate monitors (HRMs) extends the scope of the HRV measurement. However, the validity of telemetric-derived data against the criterion ECG data is unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to systematically review the validity of telemetric HRM devices to detect inter-beat intervals and aberrant beats; and (b) to determine the accuracy of HRV parameters computed from HRM-derived inter-beat interval time series data against criterion ECG-derived data in healthy adults aged 19 to 62 yrs. A systematic review of research evidence was conducted. Four electronic databases were accessed to obtain relevant articles (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus. Articles published in English between 1996 and 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Outcome measures included temporal and power spectral indices (Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (1996). The review confirmed that modern HRMs (Polar® V800™ and Polar® RS800CX™) accurately detected inter-beat interval time-series data. The HRV parameters computed from the HRM-derived time series data were interchangeable with the ECG-derived data. The accuracy of the automatic in-built manufacturer error detection and the HRV algorithms were not established. Notwithstanding acknowledged limitations (a single reviewer, language bias, and the restricted selection of HRV parameters), we conclude that the modern Polar® HRMs offer a valid useful alternative to the ECG for the acquisition of inter-beat interval time series data, and the HRV parameters computed from Polar® HRM-derived inter-beat interval time series data accurately reflect ECG-derived HRV metrics, when inter-beat interval data are processed and analyzed using identical protocols, validated algorithms and software, particularly under controlled and stable conditions.
- Published
- 2016
5. Pret-a-Dessin/Drawing-in-a-box
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Tyrrell, John and University of Sunderland
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sub_designhistory ,sub_graphicdesign ,top_fineart ,sub_neuropsychology ,top_psychology ,sub_socialpsychology ,sub_cognitivebehaviour ,sub_drawing ,top_design ,sub_psychotherapy ,sub_animation - Abstract
Pret-a-Dessin / Drawing-in-a-box: a new technique being developed as part of the Heart Group to assist the development of autistic spectrum animators who will benefit through the process.\ud A case-study where a drawing structure developed for a Big Draw workshop run this year as one of several projects John organized for the Drawing Society. The structure is an installation which permits five to draw a portrait where the view is focused and controlled. This process has potential benefits for autistic spectrum ESPA students . The idea is that the box blocks the visual overload and divergence beyond the frame.\ud Developing beyond the frame, Pret-a-Dessin / Drawing-in-a-box is adapted as a tool where both the subject and the animator are able to move three-dimensionally in the process of drawing for animation.\ud This case study is a development from a previous paper ‘Reception Animation; The interaction of reception theory within animation and drawing context.’
6. A Structure for a Voice
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Tyrrell, John and University of Sunderland
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sub_metalwork ,sub_interiordesign ,sub_illustration ,sub_designhistory ,sub_productdesign ,sub_graphicdesign ,sub_threedimensional3ddesign ,sub_mediadesign ,sub_calligraphy ,sub_electronicmedia ,sub_jewellerydesign ,sub_textiles ,sub_advertising ,sub_industrialdesign ,sub_animation - Abstract
This paper is to convey the evolving structure of student voice, which is a current debate, but through a Structure for a Voice based on four models. \ud The Architectural Association , also referred to as the AA, the oldest independent architecture school in the United Kingdom, originally founded in 1847 by “a pack of troublesome students”\ud The AA thesis A Structure for a Voice based on a famous composers work, studied when I visited Venice to work my student was his daughter, his work has influenced all my work since then.\ud Parliament Project This was a post graduate study supervised by Professor Diane Lewis of Cooper Union , New York, being a key formative structure for a voice.\ud Dr. Maddalena Taras and Professor Caroline Walker-Gleaves taught me FHEA in 2008 but I had studied Dr. Taras and purchased her book earlier around 2005 including the phrase, The Student Voice.
7. Low Cost Carbon Fibre for Automotive Applications Part 1: Low Cost Carbon Fibre Development
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Wheatley, Dr. [University of Sunderland]
- Published
- 2014
8. Simulating CXCR5 Dynamics in Complex Tissue Microenvironments
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Mark Coles, Jens V. Stein, Jason Cosgrove, Kieran Alden, Jonathan Timmis, University of York [York, UK], Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie [Institut Curie] (PCC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Fribourg, University of Oxford [Oxford], and University of Sunderland
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Receptors, CXCR5 ,Chemokine ,Systems biology ,In silico ,Immunology ,chemokines ,sub_softwareengineering ,[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,CXCR5 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chemokine receptor ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,mathematical modelling ,Receptor ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,G protein-coupled receptor ,B-Lymphocytes ,B cells ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Chemistry ,Models, Immunological ,systems biology ,RC581-607 ,G-protein coupled receptors ,Cellular Microenvironment ,Organ Specificity ,Biophysics ,biology.protein ,Receptors, Chemokine ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,sub_biomedicalsciences ,Signal Transduction ,030215 immunology - Abstract
To effectively navigate complex tissue microenvironments, immune cells sense molecular concentration gradients using G-protein coupled receptors. However, due to the complexity of receptor activity, and the multimodal nature of chemokine gradients in vivo, chemokine receptor activity in situ is poorly understood. To address this issue, we apply a modelling and simulation approach that permits analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of CXCR5 expression within an in silico B-follicle with single-cell resolution. Using this approach, we show that that in silico B-cell scanning is robust to changes in receptor numbers and changes in individual kinetic rates of receptor activity, but sensitive to global perturbations where multiple parameters are altered simultaneously. Through multi-objective optimization analysis we find that the rapid modulation of CXCR5 activity through receptor binding, desensitization and recycling is required for optimal antigen scanning rates. From these analyses we predict that chemokine receptor signaling dynamics regulate migration in complex tissue microenvironments to a greater extent than the total numbers of receptors on the cell surface.
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- 2021
9. Behavioral repertoire of high‐shore littorinid snails reveals novel adaptations to an extreme environment
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Neil Hutchinson, Mark S. Davies, Sarah L.Y. Lau, Tommy T. Y. Hui, Richard Stafford, Gray A. Williams, Terence P. T. Ng, Laurent Seuront, School of biological sciences (Hong Kong, Chine), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Sunderland, Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Centre for TropicalWater and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Australia], James Cook University (JCU)-James Cook University (JCU), French Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government, Grant/Award Number: 17121914 M., Bournemouth University [Poole] [BU], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 [LOG], and Centre for TropicalWater and Aquatic Ecosystem Research [TropWATER]
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0106 biological sciences ,Radiata ,Foraging ,Echinolittorina radiata ,activity budget ,Echinolittorina malaccana ,intertidal ,snail ,thermal stress ,thermoregulation ,trail following ,Intertidal zone ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Nature Notes ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rocky shore ,Extreme environment ,QH540-549.5 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Shore ,0303 health sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Repertoire ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,sub_environment - Abstract
Species that inhabit high‐shore environments on rocky shores survive prolonged periods of emersion and thermal stress. Using two Hong Kong high‐shore littorinids (Echinolittorina malaccana and E. radiata) as models, we examined their behavioral repertoire to survive these variable and extreme conditions. Environmental temperatures ranged from 4°C in the cool season to 55.5°C in the hot season, with strong seasonal and daily fluctuations. In the hot season, both species allocated >35% of their activity budgets to stress‐mitigating thermoregulatory behaviors (e.g. standing, towering) and relatively small proportions to foraging (70%) of activity budgets were allocated to stress mitigation behaviors (crevice occupation, aggregation formation). Both species exhibited multifunctional behaviors that optimized time use during their tidally‐constrained activity window in the hot season. Females mated while foraging when awash by the rising tide, and some males crawled on top of females prior to ceasing movement to form 'towers', which have both thermoregulatory benefits and reduce searching time for mates during subsequent activity. The function of such behaviors varies in a state‐dependent manner, for example, the function of trail following changes over an activity cycle from mate searching on rising tides, to stress mitigation on falling tides (aiding aggregation formation), and to both functions through tower formation just before movement stops. Many of these behavioral responses are, therefore, multifunctional and can vary according to local conditions, allowing snails in this family to successfully colonize the extreme high‐shore environment., High shore littorinids experience strong variations in temperature on seasonal and daily bases. Within these regimes, they show multifunctional behaviours that have thermoregulatory benefits. The function of such behaviours varies in a state‐dependent manner.
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- 2021
10. Energy, exergy, economic, exergoenvironmental, and environmental analyses of a multigeneration system to produce electricity, cooling, potable water, hydrogen and sodium-hypochlorite
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Mehdi Ali Ehyaei, Simin Baloochzadeh, Abolfazl Ahmadi, Stéphane Abanades, Islamic Azad University, University of Sunderland, Iran University of Science and Technology [Tehran] (IUST), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Exergy ,Payback period ,General Chemical Engineering ,Salt ,Air pollution ,Economic ,02 engineering and technology ,medicine.disease_cause ,7. Clean energy ,[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering ,020401 chemical engineering ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,0204 chemical engineering ,Exergoenvironmental ,Reverse osmosis ,Reverse Osmosis ,Water Science and Technology ,Waste management ,business.industry ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy/Q.Q4.Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources ,Mechanical Engineering ,Geothermal energy ,[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Renewable energy ,Electricity generation ,Goswami Cycle ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Electric power ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
International audience; One of the necessities of human beings in this century is the potable water supply. This supply has more environmental benefits if the potable water is supplied by renewable energy resources. In this paper, a combination of combined cooling and power system (Goswami cycle), with the reverse osmosis and sodium hypochlorite plant powered by geothermal energy resources is proposed. The products of this system are electrical and cooling energy, potable water, hydrogen and salt. To investigate all of the system aspects, energy, exergy, economic, exergoenvironmental, and environmental analyses are performed. In environmental analysis, the social costs of air pollution are considered. It means that for the same amount of system electrical power produced by non-renewable energy resource power generation systems, the produced air pollution gases and their costs considering the social cost of air pollution are quantified. In this regard, four scenarios are defined. Results show this multi-generation system produces 1.751 GJ/year electrical energy, 1.04 GJ/year cooling energy, 18106.8 m 3 /year potable water, 7.396 Ton/year hydrogen, and 3.838 Ton/year salt throughout a year. The system energy and exergy efficiencies are equal to 12.25%, and 19.6%. The payback period time of this system is equal to 2.7 years.
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- 2021
11. Computers and Education – Recognising Opportunities and Managing Challenges
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Passey, Don, Brinda, Torsten, Cornu, Bernard, Holvikivi, Jaana, Lewin, Cathy, Magenheim, Johannes, Morel, Raymond, Osorio, Javier, Tatnall, Arthur, Thompson, Barrie, Webb, Mary, Department of Educational Research [Lancaster], Lancaster University, University of Duisburg-Essen, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CNED, Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), University of Paderborn, University of Geneva [Switzerland], University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Victoria University [Melbourne], University of Sunderland, and King‘s College London
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Educational technologies ,Digital technologies and education ,Educational technologies and pedagogical practices ,Educational technologies and policy ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Communication technologies ,Professional development and educational technologies ,Information technologies ,Education and technologies ,Educational technologies and research ,Educational management and technologies - Abstract
TC 3: Education; International audience; IFIP’s Technical Committee 3 (TC3) is dedicated to concerns about uses of computing and digital technologies in education. TC3 covers the interests of those who are concerned with policy, practice and research in the fields of digital technologies and computing used for educational purposes, whether for management, teaching or learning, and whether by teachers, learners, parents, policy makers, developers, or the wider adult population involved in lifelong learning. This chapter considers the shifting focus of IFIP TC3’s concerns for computing and education over the past 60 years, the reasons for those shifts, and the challenges that educators have faced in developing appropriate uses of computers in their practices. The chapter explores the roles and influences of TC3 conferences, its academic journal, its working groups, and its current task force. Separate sections provide an overview of important TC3 visions and declarations that have highlighted contemporary and future issues, and the status of an evolving declaration focusing on future sustainability and computing. The chapter concludes with an overview of the impact of TC3, and signposts next steps in its ongoing journey.
- Published
- 2021
12. Benevolent and corrective humor, life satisfaction, and broad humor dimensions : extending the nomological network of the BenCor across 25 countries
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Hsueh Chih Chen, Petra Lajčiaková, Thomas E. Ford, Robert B. Isler, Răzvan Săftoiu, Liisi Laineste, Alyona Ivanova, Hugo Carretero-Dios, Ifu Migiwa, Angélica Quiroga-Garza, Anastassios Stalikas, Incheol Choi, Willibald Ruch, Olga V. Shcherbakova, Alena Slezáčková, Tracey Platt, Róbert Ďurka, Minha Lee, Angelika Güsewell, Simge Aykan, TamilSelvan Ramis, Ingrid Brdar, Władysław Chłopicki, Charles Martin-Krumm, Chloe Lau, Jorge Torres-Marín, Dorota Brzozowska, Sonja Heintz, Andrés Mendiburo-Seguel, Ieva Stokenberga, René T. Proyer, Stanca Măda, Atsushi Oshio, Donald H. Saklofske, Alberto Dionigi, Peter S.O. Wong, Nailya Mustafi, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Ankara University School of Medicine [Turkey], University of Rijeka, University of Technology (Opole), University of Granada [Granada], National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Studio di Psicoterapia Cognitiva, Catholic Univ Ruzomberok, Catholic Univ RuzomberoK, Western Carolina University, Haute Ecole de Musique de Lausanne (HEMU Vaud Valais Fribourg), University of Waikato [Hamilton], Pirogov Russian National Reasearch Medical University Moscow, Estonian Literary Museum, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Transilvania University of Brasov, Religion, Culture et Société, Institut Catholique de Paris (ICP), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago] (UNAB), Waseda University, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, University of Sunderland, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM), University of Kuala Lumpur, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Panteion University [Athens], University of Latvia (LU), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Cognitions Humaine et ARTificielle (CHART), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École de Psychologues Praticiens (EPP), SDL Fredhopper, Heintz, Sonja, Ruch, Willibald, Simge, Aykan, Ingrid, Brdar, Dorota, Brzozowska, Hugo, Carretero-Dios, Hsueh-Chih, Chen, Władysław, Chłopicki, Incheol, Choi, Alberto, Dionigi, Robert, Ďurka, Thomas, Ford, Angelika, Güsewell, Robert, Isler, Alyona, Ivanova, Liisi, Laineste, Petra, Lajčiaková, Chloe, Lau, Minha, Lee, Stanca, Măda, Charles, Martin-Krumm, Andrés, Mendiburo-Seguel, Ifu, Migiwa, Nailya, Mustafi, Atsushi, Oshio, Platt, Tracey, René T., Proyer, Angélica, Quiroga-Garza, Tamil Selvan, Ramis, Răzvan, Săftoiu, Donald H., Saklofske, Olga V., Shcherbakova, Alena, Slezackova, Anastasios, Stalikas, Ieva, Stokenberga, Jorge, Torres-Marín, Peter S.O., Wong, and University of Zurich
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Humor ,Life satisfaction ,Cross-cultural comparisons ,BenCor ,Social psychology (sociology) ,Virtue ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,3301 Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Nomological network ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,050109 social psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,fluids and secretions ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,life satisfaction ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,sub_psychology ,10093 Institute of Psychology ,humor ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,cross-cultural comparisons ,Morality ,Uncorrelated ,eye diseases ,Positive psychology ,sub_socialpsychology ,sense organs ,150 Psychology ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Indexación: Scopus. Benevolent and corrective humor are two comic styles that have been related to virtue, morality, and character strengths. A previous study also supported the viability of measuring these two styles with the BenCor in 22 countries. The present study extends the previous one by including further countries (a total of 25 countries in 29 samples with N = 7813), by testing the revised BenCor (BenCor-R), and by adding two criterion measures to assess life satisfaction and four broad humor dimensions (social fun/entertaining humor, mockery, humor ineptness, and cognitive/reflective humor). As expected, the BenCor-R showed mostly promising psychometric properties (internal consistency and factorial validity). Consistent with previous studies, benevolent humor correlated positively with life satisfaction in most countries, while corrective humor was uncorrelated with life satisfaction. These relationships were only slightly changed when controlling for social fun/entertaining humor and mockery, respectively. Benevolent humor was mostly positively associated with cognitive/reflective humor, followed by social fun/entertaining humor and mockery. Corrective humor was mostly positively associated with mockery, followed by cognitive/reflective and social fun/entertaining humor, although these relationships differed between the countries. Overall, the present study supports the viability of benevolent and corrective humor, which has yet received insufficient attention in psychology, for cross-cultural investigations and applications of humor, well-being, and morality. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V. https://link-springer-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/article/10.1007%2Fs10902-019-00185-9
- Published
- 2020
13. Non-linear elastic moduli of Graphene sheet-reinforced polymer composites
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Wiyao Azoti, Ahmed Elmarakbi, Wang Jianhua, and University of Sunderland
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Materials science ,Constitutive equation ,Mori-Tanaka scheme ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer composite ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,symbols.namesake ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Taylor series ,General Materials Science ,Non-linear elastic moduli ,Composite material ,Anisotropy ,Elastic modulus ,Morse potential ,Stiffness matrix ,010302 applied physics ,Graphene ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Graphene sheet ,Nonlinear system ,Classical mechanics ,Mechanics of Materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,Eshelby's tensor ,symbols ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
International audience; The non-linear elastic moduli of the Graphene sheet-reinforced polymer composite are investigated using a combined molecular mechanics theory and continuum homogenisation tools. Under uniaxial loading, the linear and non-linear constitutive equations of the Graphene sheet are derived from a Taylor series expansion in powers of strains. Based on the modified Morse potential, the elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio are obtained for the Graphene sheet leading to the derivation of the non-linear stiffness tensor. For homogenisation purpose, the strain concentration tensor is computed by the means of the irreducible decomposition of the Eshelby's tensor for an arbitrary domain. Therefore, a mathematical expression of the averaged Eshelby's tensor for a rectangular shape is obtained for the Graphene sheet. Under the Mori-Tanaka micro-mechanics scheme, the effective non-linear behaviour is predicted for various micro-parameters such as the aspect ratio and mass fractions. Numerical results highlight the effect of such micro-parameters on the anisotropic degree of the composite.
- Published
- 2016
14. Global patterns in the metacommunity structuring of lake macrophytes: regional variations and driving factors
- Author
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Mouhssine Rhazi, Balázs András Lukács, Mark V. Hoyer, Laila Rhazi, Eglantine Chappuis, Torben L. Lauridsen, Patrick Grillas, Laura Sass, Frauke Ecke, Jani Heino, Janne Alahuhta, Mary de Winton, Tõnu Feldmann, Marit Mjelde, John S. Clayton, Agnieszka Kolada, Marja Lindholm, Lucinda B. Johnson, Jun Xu, Claudia Petean Bove, Martin Søndergaard, Sarian Kosten, Esperança Gacia, Roger Paulo Mormul, Centre for Limnology. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Estonian University of Life Sciences, Dept of Social Sciences, University of Sunderland, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen-Research Centre for Molecular Medicine-Medical and Health Science Centre, Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Université Moulay Ismail (UMI), Natural Environment Centre [Oulu], and Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)
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0106 biological sciences ,Metacommunity ,Range (biology) ,Metacommunity ecology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Climate ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrophytes ,Spatial processes ,Aquatic plants ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Ecosystem ,Driving factors ,Ecology ,Spatial variation ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Community structure ,Community Ecology–Original Research ,Elevation range ,15. Life on land ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Macrophyte ,Lakes ,Biogeography ,13. Climate action ,articles ,Biological dispersal ,Spatial variability ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Environmental filtering - Abstract
Este artículo contiene 16 páginas, 3 tablas, 2 figuras., We studied community–environment relationships of lake macrophytes at two metacommunity scales using data from 16 regions across the world. More specifically, we examined (a) whether the lake macrophyte communities respond similar to key local environmental factors, major climate variables and lake spatial locations in each of the regions (i.e., within-region approach) and (b) how well can explained variability in the community–environment relationships across multiple lake macrophyte metacommunities be accounted for by elevation range, spatial extent, latitude, longitude, and age of the oldest lake within each metacommunity (i.e., across-region approach). In the within-region approach, we employed partial redundancy analyses together with variation partitioning to investigate the relative importance of local variables, climate variables, and spatial location on lake macrophytes among the study regions. In the across-region approach, we used adjusted R2 values of the variation partitioning to model the community–environment relationships across multiple metacommunities using linear regression and commonality analysis. We found that niche filtering related to local lake-level environmental conditions was the dominant force structuring macrophytes within metacommunities. However, our results also revealed that elevation range associated with climate (increasing temperature amplitude affecting macrophytes) and spatial location (likely due to dispersal limitation) was important for macrophytes based on the findings of the across-metacommunities analysis. These findings suggest that different determinants influence macrophyte metacommunities within different regions, thus showing context dependency. Moreover, our study emphasized that the use of a single metacommunity scale gives incomplete information on the environmental features explaining variation in macrophyte communities., Open access funding provided by University of Oulu including Oulu University Hospital. JA appreciates financial support from the Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation. BAL was supported by National Research, Development and Innovation Office—NKFIH, OTKA PD120775 Grant and by the Bolyai János Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. S.K. was supported by NWO Veni grant 86312012. Sampling of the coastal Brazilian lakes was financed by NWO grant W84-549; The National Geographic Society grant 7864-5; and CNPq grants 480122, 490409, 311427.
- Published
- 2018
15. Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in females – clinical perspectives on diagnosis and new directions in assessment construct
- Author
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Rynkiewicz, Agnieszka, Garnett, Michelle, Attwood, Tony, Brownlow, Charlotte, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Hadjikhani, Nouchine, Lassalle, Amandine, Sarah, Ormond, Pieniążek, Agata, Kalisz, Karolina, Cazalis, Fabienne, Lacroix, Adeline, Łucka, Izabela, Faculty of Medicine, Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Lab, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland, Minds & Hearts: A Clinic for Autism Specialist Conditions, Brisbane, Australia, Griffith University [Brisbane], Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Medical Centre for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Rzeszów, Poland, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK, Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique sociales (CAMS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Department of Developmental, Psychotic and Geriatric Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Subjects
[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2017
16. Multiscale modelling of graphene platelets-based nanocomposite materials
- Author
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Wiyao Azoti, Ahmed Elmarakbi, and University of Sunderland
- Subjects
Materials science ,Nanocomposite ,sub_automotiveengineering ,Modified Mori-Tanaka scheme ,Constitutive equation ,Modified Eshelby's tensor ,Graphene platelets ,Micromechanics ,02 engineering and technology ,Bending ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Integral equation ,Finite element method ,Interfacial imperfection ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,FE simulation ,Volume fraction ,Ceramics and Composites ,Tensor ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
This work presents a multiscale framework for the elasto-plastic response of platelets-like inclusions reinforced nanocomposite materials. The solution of the heterogeneous material problem is solved by a kinematic integral equation. An imperfect interface is introduced between the particles and the matrix through a linear spring model LSM, leading to a modified Eshelby’s tensor. The interfacial contribution, related to the strain concentration tensor within each material phase and inside the average strain field, is described by a modified Mori–Tanaka scheme. The non-linear response is established in the framework of the J 2 flow rule. An expression of the algorithmic tangent operator for each phase is obtained and used as an uniform modulus for homogenisation purpose. Numerical results are conducted on graphene platelets GPL-reinforced polymer PA6 composite for several design parameters such as GPL volume fraction, aspect ratio and the interfacial compliance. These results clearly highlight the impact of the aspect ratio as well as the volume fraction by a softening in the overall response when imperfection is considered at the interface. Finally, a multiscale simulation is performed on a three bending specimen showing the capability of the developed constitutive equations to be implemented in a finite element FE code.
- Published
- 2017
17. Crashworthiness modelling of hierarchical short glass fibres reinforced graphene polymer composites materials
- Author
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Elmarakbi, Ahmed, Azoti, Wiyao, University of Sunderland, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
- Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,sub_automotiveengineering - Abstract
This work aims to analyse the response under crashworthiness impact of an automotive crash box composite consisting on short glass fibres that are embedded within graphene reinforced polymer composite. Analytical as well as finite element techniques are employed to derive the overall composite response and mechanical characterisation for a macroscopic structural crashworthiness application. Graphene sheets are considered as platelets GPL embedded within an elasto plastic polymer matrix phase leading to a 2-phases graphene/polymer composite. The modelling of 3-phases short glass fibres/graphene polymer composite consists on a double-scale approach combining the 2-phases graphene polymer composite as matrix phase in which are embedded the glass fibres. The full structure crash box is simulated at each Gauss integration point by implementing the constitutive 3-phases composite using a user-defined materials subroutine.
- Published
- 2016
18. Novel composite materials for automotive applications: concepts and challenges for energy-efficient and safe vehicles
- Author
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Elmarakbi, Ahmed, Azoti, Wiyao Leleng, and University of Sunderland
- Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2015
19. Simulation of Incremental Forming Processes Using a Thermo-Mechanical Partitioned Algorithm
- Author
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Mohamad Ramadan, Lionel Fourment, Ahmed Elmarakbi, Mahmoud Khaled, Energy and Thermo-Fluid group, School of Engineering, Lebanese International University (LIU), Department of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aldo Ofenheimer, Cecilia Poletti, and Daniela Schalk-Kitting and Christof Sommitsch
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Process (computing) ,Mechanical engineering ,Forming processes ,02 engineering and technology ,Deformation (meteorology) ,Material Forming ,Thermo-Mechanical ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,Coupling ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Cogging ,Thermal ,Balance equation ,Coupling (piping) ,General Materials Science ,Heat equation ,Algorithm - Abstract
International audience; The aim of this paper is to study the simulation of cogging process using a thermo-mechanical partitioned algorithm. The thermal and mechanical problems are solved separately. The mechanical problem is based on the balance equation whereas the thermal problem is based on the heat equation. The two physics are coupled trough the mechanical parameters that depends on the thermal problem and vice versa. The results obtained using the software Forge3 show that the mechanical deformation is high inside the zone of deformation and negligible outside whereas the temperature is high overall the mesh with a gradient at the zone of contact between the dies and the work piece.
- Published
- 2015
20. A semi-analytical approach for temperature distribution in Dean flow
- Author
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Hassan Peerhossaini, Charbel Habchi, Thierry Lemenand, Ahmed Elmarakbi, Dominique Della Valle, Mahmoud Khaled, Notre Dame University-Louaize [Lebanon] (NDU), Energy and Thermo-Fluid group, School of Engineering, Lebanese International University (LIU), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de thermocinétique [Nantes] (LTN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN), Department of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Laboratoire des Technologies Nouvelles (INRETS/LTN), Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Field (physics) ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Churchill–Bernstein equation ,FLUID ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Distribution (mathematics) ,Classical mechanics ,Flow (mathematics) ,TUBES ,CURVED PIPE ,Materials Science and Engineering ,HEAT-TRANSFER ,Heat transfer ,Hagen–Poiseuille flow from the Navier–Stokes equations ,Point (geometry) ,CHAOTIC ADVECTION FLOW ,Energy (signal processing) ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Numerical simulations of the flow field and heat transfer require the conjugate solution of the Navier–Stokes and energy equations, a highly compute-intensive process. Here a semi-analytical approach is proposed to solve the energy equation in curved pipes. It requires the flow velocity field, the wall temperature, and the temperature at only one point of the flow cross-section to provide the entire temperature field.
- Published
- 2014
21. Mixing assessment by chemical probe
- Author
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Ahmed Elmarakbi, Dominique Della Valle, Hassan Peerhossaini, Charbel Habchi, Thierry Lemenand, Mahmoud Khaled, Notre Dame University-Louaize [Lebanon] (NDU), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de thermocinétique [Nantes] (LTN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy and Thermo-Fluid group, School of Engineering, Lebanese International University (LIU), Department of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Laboratoire des Technologies Nouvelles (INRETS/LTN), Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Chemical process ,Protocol (science) ,GORTLER INSTABILITY ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,FLOW ,Flow (psychology) ,Analytical chemistry ,Chemical probe ,COMPETING REACTION SYSTEM ,Chemical reaction ,IODATE REACTION SYSTEM ,Chemical kinetics ,MODEL ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Chemical species ,ASSESSING MICROMIXING EFFICIENCY ,Materials Science and Engineering ,IODIDE ,VORTICITY ,Biological system ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Mixing (physics) - Abstract
Quantification of micro-mixing is a fundamental issue in industrial chemical processes. Local mixing that is not "fast enough" compared with the reaction kinetics reduces the selectivity of the reaction. Micro-mixing can be characterized by chemical probe methods based on observation of a local chemical reaction that results from the competition between turbulent mixing at micro-scales and the reaction kinetics. However, real-world experimental conditions rarely comply with the grounding assumptions of this method. Starting from physical considerations, the present study aims to establish some guidelines for obtaining quantitative information from the chemical probe and for improving the accuracy of the method by an adaptive protocol. For the first aspect, an analytical approach is proposed to define the validity domain based on analysis of the turbulent time scales. For the second purpose, a novel experimental procedure is suggested that entails targeting the concentrations of the chemical species that can provide the optimal conditions for a relevant use of the chemical probe. (C) 2013 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2014
22. Chaotic mixing by longitudinal vorticity
- Author
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Serge Russeil, Daniel Bougeard, Ahmed Elmarakbi, Farouk Hachem, Jean-Luc Harion, Charbel Habchi, Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN), Département Technologie des Polymères et Composites & Ingénierie Mécanique (TPCIM), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Ministère de l'Economie, des Finances et de l'Industrie, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Lebanese International University (LIU), Department of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Ministère de l'Économie, des Finances et de l'Industrie [Paris, France], and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Convection ,Chaotic advection ,General Chemical Engineering ,Chemical reactors ,02 engineering and technology ,Vortex generator ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Chaotic mixing ,020401 chemical engineering ,Static mixer ,Vortex stretching ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Physics ,Advection ,Applied Mathematics ,[SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment ,Laminar flow ,General Chemistry ,Mechanics ,Vorticity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Vortex ,Classical mechanics ,0210 nano-technology ,Laminar flow Mixing - Abstract
International audience; In this paper, scalar mixing bys everal arrays of vortex generators mounted inside a circular pipe is investigated using numerical simulations.Two flow configurations are studied in which the array sare in-line and rotated periodically by an angle of 90°. Each vortex generator creates a pair of streamwise vortices which enhances the mixing process in the flow cross-section. It is shown that the alternate configuration, in which the vortex generators are rotated periodically by an angle of 90°, enhances the mixing process relative to the in-line one due to the generation of chaotic advection flow, while in the in-line configuration the flow is regular and the mixing process is only caused by the convective motion of the longitudinal vortices. Both Eulerian and Lagrangian analyses are used to investigate the chaotic behavior. From the Poincaré sections,the alternate rotation of the vortex generators is found to better disperse the fluid particles in the flow cross-section, while in the in-line array the particles are trapped into the vortex core.The Lagrangian study shows that initially close fluid particle paths exhibit an exponential remoteness in the alternate configuration, a sign ofchaotic advection flow. Thi schaotic advection enhances the stretching and folding of the fluid particles which are responsible for mixing in laminar flows. The proposed flow configuration can be used as a multifunctional heat exchanger/reactor for industrial applications such as in chemical reaction and food processing.
- Published
- 2013
23. Endless Bad Projects or Evidence-Based Practice? An Agenda for Action
- Author
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Helen Edwards, Briony J. Oates, David Wainwright, Teesside University, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], University of Sunderland, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Helle Zinner Henriksen, David Wastell, Rahul De’, TC 8, and WG 8.6
- Subjects
Engineering ,Evidence-based practice ,Knowledge management ,business.industry ,[SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences ,Information Systems Failures ,Public relations ,Empirical research ,Systematic review ,Action (philosophy) ,Evidence-Based Practice ,Action plan ,Research Methods ,Information system ,Position paper ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,business ,Qualitative Research ,Systematic Literature Review ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Part 7: Shorter Papers; International audience; This short position paper promotes the need for more evidence based practice to underpin the successful execution of information systems (IS) projects. This research responds to the high numbers of IS projects that are seen to have failed in terms of either one or many success criteria such as: not meeting original objectives, running over budget, negatively impacting on people, processes or organizations, to name but a few. We advocate the need for the development of a more rigorous evidence base for IS research similar to those used in medicine or more recently in social studies and software engineering. For example, Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) and also Meta-Analysis of empirical research studies could be used more extensively within IS to compile more coherent, consistent and referable bodies of evidence and knowledge. We conclude with a 7 point action plan and suggestions for further research.
- Published
- 2013
24. Nanocomposites for automotive: enhanced graphene-based polymer materials and multi-scale approach
- Author
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Ahmed Elmarakbi, Wiyao Azoti, Sherif A. El-Safty, Brunetto Martorana, and University of Sunderland
- Subjects
Materials science ,Composite number ,Automotive industry ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,law.invention ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Energy efficient and safe vehicles ,law ,Nanoscopic scale ,Composite modelling and design ,Nanocomposite ,Continuum mechanics ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Scale (chemistry) ,Graphene composites ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Automotive applications ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
International audience; The present initiative provides a summary overview on Graphene Related materials (GRM) for automotive applications and investigates efficient ways to integrate Graphene as polymer reinforcements within composite materials for energy-efficient and safe vehicles (EESVs). An approach that starts from the nano-scale through the Graphene elaboration by experiments to meso/macro-scale by continuum mechanics modelling is discussed with respect to some limiting factors in terms of the large scale production, the interfacial behaviour, the amount of wrinkling and network structure. Finally, a strategy for modelling such a composite is elaborated in the framework of the Graphene Flagship to well understand such limitations for a full applicability of Graphene. It is anticipated that this initiative will advance innovative lightweight graphene composites and their related modelling, designing, manufacturing, and joining capabilities suitable for automotive industry which requires unique levels of affordability, mechanical performance, green environmental impact and energy efficiency. This leads to complete understanding of the new graphene composites and their applicability in high-volume production scenarios.
- Published
- 2016
25. Living the multicultural city: acceptance, belonging and young identities in the city of Leicester, England
- Author
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John Clayton, Dept of Social Sciences, and University of Sunderland
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ethnic group ,sub_sociology ,Identity (social science) ,Gender studies ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Racism ,Anthropology ,Multiculturalism ,Sociology ,Social Sciences & Humanities ,Everyday life ,Identity formation ,Legitimacy ,media_common ,Social capital - Abstract
International audience; Drawing upon research conducted with young people in the city of Leicester, England, this paper explores what it means for those from black and minority ethnic backgrounds, particularly more recent arrivals, to live within and adapt to specific multicultural urban contexts. After introducing prevailing racisms and accommodations, the paper examines how forms of belonging are expressed, re-produced and negotiated through the spatial trajectories of everyday life. This includes the value of emerging versions of place through community, religious practice as a form of social capital, the importance of routine, and the construction of multifaceted identities. Such experiences relate to contingent hierarchies of acceptance and legitimacy, histories of settlement, economic marginalisation, as well as gendered and generational roles. These young people negotiate everyday life and belonging by retaining, extending and forging local and trans-national ties; highlighting the relationship between socio-spatial positions, everyday practice and identity formation.
- Published
- 2012
26. Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations
- Author
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Iliadis, Lazaros, Maglogiannis, Ilias, Papadopoulos, Harris, Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), University of Central Greece (UCG), Frederick University, TC 12, WG 12.5, University of Piraeus, and University of Sunderland
- Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs] - Abstract
International audience; Book Front Matter of AICT 364
- Published
- 2011
27. A new integrated e-maintenance concept
- Author
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Benoît Iung, Erkki Jantunen, Bassim Al-Najjar, Tonu Naks, Aitor Arnaiz, Kenneth Holmberg, David Baglee, Fundación Tekniker (TEK), Fundación Tekniker, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Linnaeus University, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), IB Krates OÜ, IB KRATES, University of Sunderland, K.Holmberg, E. Jantunen, A. Adgar, J. Mascolo, A. Arnaiz, S. Mekid, European Project: 29960,DYNAMITE, Fondation Tekniker (TEKNIKER), Holmberg, Kenneth, Adgar, Adam, Arnaiz, Aitor, Jantunen, Erkki, Mascolo, Julien, and Mekid, Samir
- Subjects
Engineering ,021103 operations research ,Dynamite ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Condition monitoring ,02 engineering and technology ,E-commerce ,information and communication technologies ,maintenance services –Dynamite project ,law.invention ,[SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic ,Terotechnology ,Intelligent sensor ,law ,Information and Communications Technology ,[INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering ,0502 economics and business ,Systems engineering ,Software team ,e-maintenance ,business ,050203 business & management - Abstract
This chapter outlines the work done in Dynamite project (http://DYNAMITE.vtt.fi), as well as the resulting concept nicknamed as DynaWeb. DynaWeb represents the link between Dynamite and the e-maintenance technologies described in previous chapters, and results in a global framework where all technologies can participate within an advanced maintenance solution. This chapter serves as an introduction to the rest of the chapters dealing with specific technologies that have been converted into 'capabilities', such as intelligent sensors, wireless communications, intelligent web services or smart PDAs, as well as to the final demonstrations.
- Published
- 2010
28. Towards the Maturation of IT Usability Evaluation (MAUSE)
- Author
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Dominque Scapin, Christian Stary, Jean Vanderdonckt, Ebba Thora Hvannberg, Mark Springett, Gilbert Cockton, Effie Lai-Chong Law, Philippe Palanque, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], University of Sunderland, Interactive Critical Systems (IRIT-ICS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Middlesex University, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), and IFIP: International Federation for Information Processing
- Subjects
Computer science ,Human–computer interaction ,business.industry ,Usability ,[INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE] ,User interface ,business ,Working group - Abstract
International audience; This article describes a new initiative MAUSE of which the ultimate goal is to bring more science to bear on usability evaluation methods. This overarching goal will be realized through scientific activities of four Working Groups (WGs) with each of them having specific objectives, rationales, tasks and expected outcomes. Outlook for MAUSE’s development is described.
- Published
- 2005
29. Minor Sources of Methane
- Author
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C. Rouland, A. G. Judd, A. Lacroix, G. Lambert, R. H. Charlier, University of Sunderland, University of Brussels, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Intevep, Caracas, Venezuela, Intevep, Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris XII
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,chemistry ,Continental shelf ,Atmospheric methane ,Minor (linear algebra) ,Geochemistry ,Environmental science ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Methane - Abstract
This chapter deals with those sources that are commonly regarded as making a minor contribution to the total atmospheric concentration of methane. The definition of “minor” is somewhat arbitrary; that is, they are sources not covered elsewhere in this volume or identified in the other chapters as being of only “minor significance.” In isolation the majority of these sources may be regarded as inconsequential; however, in combination they provide a significant proportion of atmospheric methane. In certain cases it is possible that the true significance of their contribution is yet to be realized, and some may have been overlooked hitherto. More detailed discussions of these sources are provided by Hovland et al. (1993), Lacroix (1993), Lambert and Schmidt (1993), Rouland et al. (1993), Smith et al. (1993), and Khalil et al. (1993).
- Published
- 1993
30. A False Dichotomy: Rethinking the Debate Around Pharmacotherapy vs Bariatric Metabolic Surgery in Obesity Treatment.
- Author
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Jones-Whiting L, Aradaib M, and Mahawar K
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A phase III, open-label clinical trial evaluating pegunigalsidase alfa administered every 4 weeks in adults with Fabry disease previously treated with other enzyme replacement therapies.
- Author
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Holida M, Linhart A, Pisani A, Longo N, Eyskens F, Goker-Alpan O, Wallace E, Deegan P, Tøndel C, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hughes D, Sakov A, Rocco R, Almon EB, Alon S, Chertkoff R, Warnock DG, Waldek S, Wilcox WR, and Bernat JA
- Abstract
Pegunigalsidase alfa, a PEGylated α-galactosidase A enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Fabry disease, has a longer plasma half-life than other ERTs administered intravenously every 2 weeks (E2W). BRIGHT (NCT03180840) was a phase III, open-label study in adults with Fabry disease, previously treated with agalsidase alfa or beta E2W for ≥3 years, who switched to 2 mg/kg pegunigalsidase alfa every 4 weeks (E4W) for 52 weeks. Primary objective assessed safety, including number of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Thirty patients were enrolled (24 males); 23 previously received agalsidase beta. Pegunigalsidase alfa plasma concentrations remained above the lower limit of quantification throughout the 4-week dosing interval. Thirty-three of 182 TEAEs (in 9 patients) were considered treatment-related; all were mild/moderate. No patients developed de novo anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). In the efficacy analysis (n = 29), median (inter-quartile range) eGFR change from baseline over 52 weeks was -1.9 (-5.9; 1.8) mL/min/1.73 m
2 (n = 28; males [n = 22]: -2.4 [-5.2; 3.2]; females [n = 6]: -0.7 [-9.2; 2.0]). Overall, median eGFR slope was -1.9 (-8.3; 1.9) mL/min/1.73 m2 /year (ADA-negative [n = 20]: -1.2 [-6.4; 2.6]; ADA-positive [n = 9]: -8.4 [-11.6; -1.0]). Lyso-Gb3 concentrations were low and stable in females, with a slight increase in males (9/24 ADA-positive). The BRIGHT study results suggest that 2 mg/kg pegunigalsidase alfa E4W is tolerated well in stable adult patients with Fabry disease. Due to the low number of patients in this study, more research is needed to demonstrate the effects of pegunigalsidase alfa given E4W. Further evidence, outside of this clinical trial, should be factored in for physicians to prolong the biweekly ERT intervals to E4W. TAKE-HOME MESSAGE: Treatment with 2 mg/kg pegunigalsidase alfa every 4 weeks could offer a new treatment option for patients with Fabry disease., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of SSIEM.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Vitamin B6 Pathway Maintains Glioblastoma Cell Survival in 3D Spheroid Cultures.
- Author
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Moosa NY, Azeem SA, Lodge JK, Cheung W, and Ahmed SU
- Subjects
- Humans, Cell Line, Tumor, Signal Transduction, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Tumor Microenvironment, Metabolomics methods, Glioblastoma metabolism, Glioblastoma pathology, Vitamin B 6 metabolism, Vitamin B 6 pharmacology, Spheroids, Cellular metabolism, Spheroids, Cellular pathology, Spheroids, Cellular drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Brain Neoplasms metabolism, Brain Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain cancer. The prognosis of GBM patients has marginally improved over the last three decades. The response of GBMs to initial treatment is inevitably followed by relapse. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify and develop new therapeutics to target this cancer and improve both patient outcomes and long-term survival. Metabolic reprogramming is considered one of the hallmarks of cancers. However, cell-based studies fail to accurately recapitulate the in vivo tumour microenvironment that influences metabolic signalling and rewiring. Against this backdrop, we conducted global, untargeted metabolomics analysis of the G7 and R24 GBM 2D monolayers and 3D spheroid cultures under identical cell culture conditions. Our studies revealed that the levels of multiple metabolites associated with the vitamin B6 pathway were significantly altered in 3D spheroids compared to the 2D monolayer cultures. Importantly, we show that pharmacological intervention with hydralazine, a small molecule that reduces vitamin B6 levels, resulted in the cell death of 3D GBM spheroid cultures. Thus, our study shows that inhibition of the vitamin B6 pathway is a novel therapeutic strategy for the development of targeted therapies in GBMs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Missed opportunity in acute coronary syndrome.
- Author
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Satti Z, Salim T, and Egred M
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Echocardiography, COVID-19 complications, Coronary Vessel Anomalies diagnosis, Coronary Vessel Anomalies diagnostic imaging, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention methods, Vascular Diseases diagnostic imaging, Vascular Diseases diagnosis, Vascular Diseases congenital, SARS-CoV-2, Acute Coronary Syndrome diagnosis, Coronary Angiography, Electrocardiography
- Abstract
A man in late adolescence of Asian descent was admitted with cardiac-sounding chest pain and a history of flu-like symptoms a week prior to presentation with negative screening for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. His ECG showed lateral T-wave changes and pre-excitation pattern suggestive of an accessory pathway. High-sensitivity troponin T peak was significantly elevated to 2550 ng/L (normal reference range 0-11). He was initially treated for a suspected perimyocarditis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction with regional wall motion abnormalities suggestive of coronary artery disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed subendocardial delayed gadolinium enhancement with ischaemia and viability in the left circumflex (LCx) territory. He was then sent for a CT coronary angiogram for a suspected spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and subsequently, he discussed with our team and accepted for immediate transfer. He underwent coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention to his LCx artery with a drug-coated balloon. Following that, and after a discussion with the electrophysiology team, he had an attempt at ablating his accessory pathway with partial success. He was discharged home in a stable condition., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2024
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34. "You Are the Expert of Your Own Experience": A Thematic Analysis of Experiences of Autism and Gender Diversity in Adulthood.
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Glackin A, Pearson A, and Davis R
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Background: Autistic people are more likely to report gender dysphoric traits, and transgender and gender-expansive individuals frequently report higher scores on self-report measures of autistic traits. Despite the clear association between autism and gender diversity, there is a dearth of qualitative research exploring the lived experiences of autistic adults., Methods: This study contributes to the evidence base by exploring the strengths and challenges of the intersectional experiences of autism and gender diversity in adulthood. Twelve transgender/gender-expansive autistic people participated in an online semi-structured interview or an open-ended survey, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data., Results: Three main themes were identified: (1) Navigating a gender journey, (2) The impact of social context on self, and (3) Provision of health care., Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of acknowledging the unique experiences of being both an autistic and transgender/gender-expansive person to further understand the intersection between autism and gender diversity., (Copyright 2024, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.)
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- 2024
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35. Undergraduate rheumatology teaching in the UK: a survey of current practice by teachers and students.
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Watson P, Hanna D, Wakefield SM, Coady D, Andrew D, Southam D, and Wakefield RJ
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Objectives: The last major UK survey of medical undergraduate rheumatology teaching was 25 years ago. This study aimed to describe current teaching practice, the perceptions of teachers and students and their engagement with Versus Arthritis teaching resources and future challenges and opportunities., Methods: Electronic surveys were distributed by e-mail and/or social media to relevant teachers and students identified within all 37 UK medical schools., Results: A total of 34/37 (91%) teacher and 30/37 (81%) student surveys were returned. Compared with the last survey, the proportion of schools delivering rheumatology-identifiable teaching has fallen from 100% to 86% and the mean number of teaching days from 30 to 10. Rheumatology teaching is now more dispersed throughout the curriculum. Students preferred active learning methods such as simulation and expert patient teaching, while teachers preferred small-group teaching, online learning and lectures. The Versus Arthritis resources appeared underutilized by students but were considered useful. Most students thought rheumatology careers were not promoted within their medical school., Conclusion: A decrease in dedicated rheumatology teaching time was noted since the last survey 25 years ago. Greater promotion of rheumatology as a speciality and future career is required to maintain its professional identity and prevent marginalization., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology.)
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- 2024
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36. Meeting social welfare legal needs in end-of-life care: co-creation of a system-wide research partnership.
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Hawkins C, Wheatman A, Black D, Pala A, Fu Y, Robinson T, Ling J, Gorman S, Beardon S, Genn H, and Hesselgreaves H
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Background: Social welfare legal needs (matters of daily life, such as finances, housing and employment with legal rights, entitlements or protections) are prevalent towards end of life, creating significant difficulties for both patients and carers. Most people do not know where to go, although a range of services provide advice and support for addressing social welfare legal problems. Navigating this complex and fragmented system across health, social care and social welfare legal support is very challenging. Healthcare professionals are often the first contact for social welfare legal needs, although these are often overlooked and their impact on health and well-being unrecognised. Interprofessional learning can increase awareness of social welfare legal needs and build connections between service providers, offering a more holistic and cohesive multiagency response to the complex needs around end of life. The aim of the research was to co-create a robust foundation for cross-agency research investigating the impact of interprofessional learning on social welfare legal needs towards end of life in the North East England region., Objectives: Convene a research partnership group across academics, multiagency service providers and members of the public with lived experience. Consider and agree key issues for successful place-based multiagency research in this area. Co-create a complexity-appropriate research proposal with interprofessional learning as an intervention., Methods: A series of research activities was implemented to convene a multiagency partnership group and consider the key issues for successful place-based multiagency research. Data were collected from two online workshops, an optional reflective workbook, and a modified Delphi technique. Initial participants were selectively recruited from our established stakeholder and patient and public involvement groups. Increasing diversity of the partnership continued throughout the project, using contacts provided by group members. Representation of services supporting underserved groups was a priority., Results: All invited participants were recruited to the partnership, although contribution to research activities was variable. The partnership bridged knowledge gaps between services and united diverse perspectives, expertise and experience. A greater understanding of the barriers and opportunities for place-based multiagency working was generated, such as considering the importance of language in facilitating collaboration and responding to concerns around capacity. A non-hierarchical partnership was meaningful, with both personal and professional insights viewed as equally important. Facilitators to engagement with interprofessional learning were identified including the need for leadership endorsement. A non-traditional, mixed-method approach to interprofessional learning evaluation was favoured, with both qualitative and quantitative measures at three levels: patient and carer, professional learners and organisations. Important outcomes included raising awareness, connectedness and space to reflect., Limitations: The partnership group expanded throughout the course of the project. While this extended diversity, variable participation hindered depth of discussion, with participants engaging at different points and with different understanding levels of the project. Supplementary materials provided some mitigation. Capacity and funding constraints limited engagement for some participants., Conclusions: Convening a multiagency partnership generated insights into the benefits, barriers and facilitators to research co-design and potential measures of success of interprofessional learning., Future Work: Learning from this project has informed a complexity-appropriate research proposal to evaluate the impact of interprofessional learning as an intervention across different stakeholders., Funding: This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme as award number NIHR135276.
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- 2024
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37. Show me the evidence to guide nutrition practice: Scoping review of macronutrient dietary treatments after metabolic and bariatric surgery.
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Parrott JM, Benson-Davies S, O'Kane M, Sherf-Dagan S, Ben-Porat T, Arcone VM, Faria SL, and Parrott JS
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Background: Clinical practice recommendations for macronutrient intake in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) are insufficiently grounded in the research, possibly due to a paucity of research in key areas necessary to support macronutrient recommendations. An initial scoping review, prior to any systematic review, was determined to be vital., Objectives: To identify topical areas in macronutrients and MBS with a sufficient evidence base to guide nutrition recommendations., Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Embase were initially searched in January 2019 (updated November 1, 2023) with terms encompassing current bariatric surgeries and macronutrients. Out of 757 records identified, 98 were included. A template was created. Five types of outcomes were identified for extraction: dietary intake, anthropometrics, adverse symptoms, health, and metabolic outcomes. All stages of screening and extraction were conducted independently by at least two authors and disagreements were resolved via team discussion. Macronutrient-related dietary treatments were classified as either innovative or standard of care. Descriptions of dietary arms were extracted in detail for a qualitatively generated typology of dietary or nutritional treatments. Heatmaps (treatments by outcomes) were produced to identify promising topics for further systematic analyses., Results: We identified protein supplementation and "food-focused" (e.g., portion-controlled meals, particular foods in the diet, etc.) topical areas in MBS nutrition care with potentially sufficient evidence to create specific MBS Macronutrients guidelines and identified topical areas with little research., Conclusions: Clinical practice regarding macronutrient intake remains guided by consensus and indirect evidence. We detail ways that leadership at the profession level may remedy this., (© 2024 The Author(s). Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)
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- 2024
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38. Invasive Treatment Strategy for Older Patients with Myocardial Infarction.
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Kunadian V, Mossop H, Shields C, Bardgett M, Watts P, Teare MD, Pritchard J, Adams-Hall J, Runnett C, Ripley DP, Carter J, Quigley J, Cooke J, Austin D, Murphy J, Kelly D, McGowan J, Veerasamy M, Felmeden D, Contractor H, Mutgi S, Irving J, Lindsay S, Galasko G, Lee K, Sultan A, Dastidar AG, Hussain S, Haq IU, de Belder M, Denvir M, Flather M, Storey RF, Newby DE, Pocock SJ, and Fox KAA
- Abstract
Background: Whether a conservative strategy of medical therapy alone or a strategy of medical therapy plus invasive treatment is more beneficial in older adults with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains unclear., Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial involving patients 75 years of age or older with NSTEMI at 48 sites in the United Kingdom. The patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a conservative strategy of the best available medical therapy or an invasive strategy of coronary angiography and revascularization plus the best available medical therapy. Patients who were frail or had a high burden of coexisting conditions were eligible. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes (cardiovascular death) or nonfatal myocardial infarction assessed in a time-to-event analysis., Results: A total of 1518 patients underwent randomization; 753 patients were assigned to the invasive-strategy group and 765 to the conservative-strategy group. The mean age of the patients was 82 years, 45% were women, and 32% were frail. A primary-outcome event occurred in 193 patients (25.6%) in the invasive-strategy group and 201 patients (26.3%) in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 1.14; P = 0.53) over a median follow-up of 4.1 years. Cardiovascular death occurred in 15.8% of the patients in the invasive-strategy group and 14.2% of the patients in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.44). Nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred in 11.7% in the invasive-strategy group and 15.0% in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.99). Procedural complications occurred in less than 1% of the patients., Conclusions: In older adults with NSTEMI, an invasive strategy did not result in a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (the composite primary outcome) than a conservative strategy over a median follow-up of 4.1 years. (Funded by the British Heart Foundation; BHF SENIOR-RITA ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN11343602.)., (Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.)
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- 2024
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39. Terminologia Anatomica 2nd edition: perspectives from anatomy educators in the United Kingdom.
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Adds PJ, Longhurst G, Brassett C, Clancy J, Sulaiman S, Ashwood N, and Hamilton DL
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- United Kingdom, Humans, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Schools, Medical, Education, Medical trends, Anatomy education, Terminology as Topic
- Abstract
English anatomical terminology has evolved over the long history of anatomical practice, with major influences from ancient Greek, classical Latin, Arabic, and post-classical Latin. Beginning in the nineteenth century, there have been various attempts to standardise and rationalise anatomical language, beginning in 1887, and culminating in the publication in 2019 of the second edition of the Terminologia Anatomica. This paper presents a brief historical overview of the development of anatomical terminology and usage in English, followed by a summary of the results of an anonymised survey of current practices that was sent out by email to anatomy educators at 45 medical schools in the United Kingdom. This is followed by personal reflections by six senior academics and/or clinicians, reviewing their extensive experience of teaching, researching, and communicating the language of anatomy within United Kingdom medical and clinical institutions., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Japanese Association of Anatomists.)
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- 2024
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40. Knowledge and barriers of out of hospital cardiac arrest bystander intervention and public access automated external defibrillator use in the Northeast of England: a cross-sectional survey study.
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Dew R, Norton M, Aitken-Fell P, Blance P, Miles S, Potts S, and Wilkes S
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- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Female, England, Middle Aged, Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Aged, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest therapy, Defibrillators statistics & numerical data, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation methods, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation statistics & numerical data
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Intervention by members of the public during an out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHAC) including resuscitation attempts and accessible automated external defibrillator (AED) has been shown to improve survival. This study aimed to investigate the OHCA and AED knowledge and confidence, and barriers to intervention, of the public of North East England, UK. This study used a face-to-face cross-sectional survey on a public high street in Newcastle, UK. Participants were asked unprompted to explain what they would do when faced with an OHCA collapse. Chi-Square analysis was used to test the association of the independent variables sex and first aid trained on the participants' responses. Of the 421 participants recruited to our study, 82.9% (n = 349) reported that they would know what to do during an OHCA collapse. The most frequent OHCA action mentioned was call 999 (64.1%, n = 270/421) and 58.2% (n = 245/421) of participants reported that they would commence CPR. However, only 14.3% (n = 60/421) of participants spontaneously mentioned that they would locate an AED, while only 4.5% (n = 19/421) recounted that they would apply the AED. Just over half of participants (50.8%, n = 214/421) were first aid trained, with statistically more females (57.3%, n = 126/220) than males (43.9%, n = 87/198) being first aiders (p = 0.01 χ
2 = 7.41). Most participants (80.3%, n = 338/421) knew what an AED was, and 34.7% (n = 326/421) reported that they knew how to use one, however, only 11.9% (n = 50/421) mentioned that they would actually shock a patient. Being first aid trained increased the likelihood of freely recounting actions for OHCA and AED intervention. The most common barrier to helping during an OHCA was lack of knowledge (29.9%, n = 126/421). Although most participants reported they would know what to do during an OHCA and had knowledge of an AED, low numbers of participants spontaneously mentioned specific OHCA and AED actions. Improving public knowledge would help improve the public's confidence of intervening during an OHCA and may improve OHCA survival., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Medicina Interna (SIMI).)- Published
- 2024
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41. Nationally Automated Colonoscopy Performance Feedback Increases Polyp Detection: The NED APRIQOT Randomized Controlled Trial.
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Catlow J, Sharp L, Wagnild J, Lu L, Bhardwaj-Gosling R, Ogundimu E, Kasim A, Brookes M, Lee T, McCarthy S, Gray J, Sniehotta F, Valori R, Westwood C, McNally R, Ruwende J, Sinclair S, Deane J, and Rutter M
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, United Kingdom, Prospective Studies, Aged, Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis, Feedback, Quality Improvement, Colonoscopy methods, Colonic Polyps diagnosis
- Abstract
Background & Aims: Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher for endoscopists with low polyp detection rates. Using the UK's National Endoscopy Database (NED), which automatically captures real-time data, we assessed if providing feedback of case-mix-adjusted mean number of polyps (aMNP), as a key performance indicator, improved endoscopists' performance. Feedback was delivered via a theory-informed, evidence-based audit and feedback intervention., Methods: This multicenter, prospective, NED Automated Performance Reports to Improve Quality Outcomes Trial randomized National Health Service endoscopy centers to intervention or control. Intervention-arm endoscopists were e-mailed tailored monthly reports automatically generated within NED, informed by qualitative interviews and behavior change theory. The primary outcome was endoscopists' aMNP during the 9-month intervention., Results: From November 2020 to July 2021, 541 endoscopists across 36 centers (19 intervention; 17 control) performed 54,770 procedures during the intervention, and 15,960 procedures during the 3-month postintervention period. Comparing the intervention arm with the control arm, endoscopists during the intervention period: aMNP was nonsignificantly higher (7%; 95% CI, -1% to 14%; P = .08). The unadjusted MNP (10%; 95% CI, 1%-20%) and polyp detection rate (10%; 95% CI, 4%-16%) were significantly higher. Differences were not maintained in the postintervention period. In the intervention arm, endoscopists accessing NED Automated Performance Reports to Improve Quality Outcomes Trial webpages had a higher aMNP than those who did not (aMNP, 118 vs 102; P = .03)., Conclusions: Although our automated feedback intervention did not increase aMNP significantly in the intervention period, MNP and polyp detection rate did improve significantly. Engaged endoscopists benefited most and improvements were not maintained postintervention; future work should address engagement in feedback and consider the effectiveness of continuous feedback., Clinical Trials Registry: www.isrctn.org ISRCTN11126923 ., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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42. The role of metabolic and bariatric surgery on the obesity pandemic in Latin America: A review of current practices and future directions.
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Castellanos LD, Anselmetti P, Acosta G AJ, Tomey D, Araujo-Contreras R, Puche E, Elzein S, Graham Y, Mahawar K, Marshall S, Abou-Mrad A, and Oviedo RJ
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- Humans, Latin America epidemiology, Pandemics, Bariatric Surgery, Obesity surgery, Obesity epidemiology
- Abstract
Latin America faces a significant public health challenge due to the high prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases. Metabolic and bariatric surgery is effective and safe to treat obesity when other treatments fail; however, its implementation in Latin America remains unsatisfactory. This review explores the current status, challenges, and innovations of metabolic and bariatric surgery in Latin America. We searched peer-reviewed journals in English and Spanish for relevant articles published between 1998 and 2023. We found that more than 20% of the Latin American population is affected by obesity. Unfortunately, only a limited number of patients have access to metabolic and bariatric surgery due to high cost, limited availability, and shortage of specialists. The review found that ongoing clinical trials are being conducted in Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Venezuela, indicating some regional progress. However, published studies remain low in number compared with other regions. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical outcomes, risks, and perioperative assessments associated with metabolic and bariatric surgery. We discussed potential strategies to enhance the availability and affordability of this intervention. This review emphasizes the significance of metabolic and bariatric surgery in addressing the obesity pandemic, specifically for Latin America, and proposes directions for future research and innovation., (© 2024 World Obesity Federation.)
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- 2024
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43. Liposomal Drug Delivery against Helicobacter pylori Using Furazolidone and N-Acetyl Cysteine in Augmented Therapy.
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Alam MI, Paget T, Moosa NY, Alghurairy H, and Elkordy AA
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Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection is a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 50% of the world's population and leading to gastric ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancer. The increase in antibiotic resistance has compromised the efficacy of existing therapeutic regimens, necessitating novel approaches for effective eradication. This study aimed to develop a targeted liposomal drug delivery system incorporating furazolidone and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to enhance mucopenetration and improve Helicobacter pylori eradication. Liposomes were formulated with furazolidone, NAC, and Pluronic F-127 using a modified reverse-phase evaporation technique. The formulations were categorized based on charge as neutral, negative, and positive and tested for mucopenetration using a modified silicon tube method with coumarin-6 as a fluorescent marker. The encapsulation efficiency and particle size were analyzed using HPLC and an Izon q-nano particle size analyzer. The results indicated that charged liposomes showed a higher encapsulation efficiency than neutral liposomes with Pluronic F-127. Notably, combining furazolidone with 1% NAC achieved complete eradication of H. pylori in 2.5 h, compared to six hours without NAC. The findings of this study suggest that incorporating NAC and Pluronic F-127 into liposomal formulations significantly enhances mucopenetration and antimicrobial efficacy.
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- 2024
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44. Krill oil supplementation improves transepidermal water loss, hydration and elasticity of the skin in healthy adults: Results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding pilot studies.
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Handeland K, Wakeman M, and Burri L
- Abstract
Background: Dietary marine omega-3 fatty acids and phospholipids have individually shown favorable effects on skin barrier function. Krill oil offers a combination of omega-3 in phospholipid form which might enhance the efficacy in supporting skin health., Aims: The aim was to investigate the impact of two different doses of krill oil on skin transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy adults. Secondary outcomes were skin hydration, elasticity and the omega-3 index., Methods: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot studies were conducted in healthy adults with a baseline TEWL of >10 and ≤24.9 g/m
2 /h. In study 1, 51 participants consumed 1 g of krill oil or placebo daily. In study 2, 50 participants consumed 2 g of krill oil or placebo daily. The outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks., Results: The krill oil supplemented groups significantly increased their omega-3 index versus placebo in both studies. Furthermore, the krill oil groups in both studies showed statistically significant beneficial reductions in TEWL (from 14.47 ± 3.65 to 13.83 ± 3.78 in study 1 and from 14.25 ± 3.21 to 13.02 ± 2.76 in study 2) and increases in hydration and elasticity when compared to placebo. There were significant linear relationships between changes in the omega-3 index and changes in TEWL, hydration and elasticity in both studies., Conclusions: Daily oral supplementation with 1 and 2 g of krill oil showed significant and dose-dependent improvements in skin TEWL, hydration, and elasticity compared to placebo that correlated with changes in the omega-3 index., (© 2024 Aker BioMarine Human Ingredients AS and The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2024
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45. The Kink Orientation Scale: Developing and Validating a Measure of Kink Desire, Practice, and Identity.
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Wignall L, McCormack M, Carpino T, Owens R, and Barton T
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Kink, often referred to as BDSM, is an important aspect of a sizable minority's sexual desires, practices, and personal relationships, yet there are few ways to assess kink engagement in a holistic manner. This study aimed to develop the Kink Orientation Scale (KOS), a novel short tool for measuring different aspects of kink sexuality. In phase one, 27 items were created and included in the initial scale based on a literature review and focus groups with kinky and non-kinky individuals. In phase two, the KOS was administered to 200 university students. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) were used to determine the factor structure and dimensionality of the KOS, and we retained 18 items in the scale and identified five factors. In phase three, the 18 item KOS was administered to a kink sample of 1025 participants as a form of validation. Confirmatory Factor Analyses also identified five factors with a strong overlap to the EFA. The five factors were: kink identity; kink community; kink paraphernalia; kink practices; and sexual communication. The kink sample also provided higher scores on the KOS compared with the non-kink sample. This study shows the potential utility of the KOS in measuring kink engagement holistically.
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- 2024
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46. The characteristics of users of an online screening tool for children and adolescents with intellectual disability and of those being screened.
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McKenzie K, Murray KR, Thompson J, Horridge K, Greenwell K, and Murray AL
- Abstract
Screening tools can help with the identification of intellectual disability, but little is known about who uses them. This study analysed anonymous information from 2691 users of an evidence-based, online, intellectual disability screening questionnaire for children and adolescents (CAIDS-Q) to explore the characteristics of the users and of those being screened. The users were split almost equally between parents/family members (48.6%) and professionals (49.9%), with the majority (63.8%) of the latter group being health staff. Significant differences in the characteristics of the children being screened were found, according to whether the user was a parent/family member or a professional, with the overall pattern suggesting that professionals screened children with greater complexity of needs, but about whom less was known. The screened children had a range of areas of difficulties that are common to those with intellectual disability. Implications for practice are discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The first author was a co-developer of the CAIDS-Q and receives a small payment for its use. The second and last authors are related to her.
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- 2024
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47. Diagnosis as a new beginning not an end: A participatory photovoice study on navigating an autism diagnosis in adulthood.
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Cage E, Botha M, McDevitt L, King KN, Biscoe L, Tucker K, and Pearson A
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- Humans, Adult, Male, Female, United Kingdom, Community-Based Participatory Research, Young Adult, Autistic Disorder diagnosis, Autistic Disorder psychology, Photography
- Abstract
Lay Abstract: Lots of people seek an autism diagnosis as an adult, and they often say that being diagnosed can be positively life-changing, but the experience of getting a diagnosis can be difficult. We often do not hear the views of people currently looking for a diagnosis, or talk to them about how diagnosis relates to their identity. In our study, we looked at experiences of people currently seeking an autism diagnosis in the UK. We used participatory methods, where six people seeking diagnosis were included as collaborators in the research. They took part in four different sessions, where they helped to shape the research, took part in interviews about their experiences and helped to analyse the patterns in all the interviews. We also used something called photovoice during the interviews, where they could use photos to show how they felt about navigating a diagnosis. We identified four common themes: (1) everyone had experienced some form of crisis before seeking diagnosis; (2) when they realised they were autistic, they felt seen; (3) the diagnostic process and criteria were not working, and they felt judged by clinicians and (4) there was limited support available after diagnosis. In another session, we identified actions that need to be taken which have implications for policy and practice, including improving the diagnostic process and criteria with autistic people, autistic people being listened to more by people like general practitioners and clinicians and diagnosis services needing to be more flexible and appreciate different aspects of someone's identity and neurodivergence., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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48. Modeling green energy and innovation for ecological risk management using second generation dynamic quantile panel data model.
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Ul-Durar S, Arshed N, De Sisto M, Nazarian A, and Sadaf A
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- Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Models, Theoretical, Humans, Climate Change, Ecology, Risk Management methods
- Abstract
Ecological risk management has emerged as a critical research and policy development area in energy and environmental economics. Sustained ecology is crucial for the standard of living and food security. As the adverse impacts of environmental degradation and climate change become increasingly apparent it is imperative to understand ecological risk and its interconnectedness with environmental pressure, clean energy, economic activity, globalization, and green technology. Ecological risk is assessed using the environmental performance index which is a holistic indicator of climate change, environmental pressures and human actions in which most of these indicators have spatial effects. This paper explores the multifaceted relationship between identified anthropogenic critical factors and their role in effectively managing ecological risk globally. This study has developed the second-generation dynamic panel quantile regression considering spatial effects of economic activities on ecology across borders of 55 countries between 1995 and 2022. This innovative hybrid estimation scheme that integrated theoretical and econometric aspects makes the model robust to major regression issues. Several implications ranked in decreasing order of its effectiveness are reducing environmental pressure, expediting energy transition, and embracing economic integration while there is a need to work on rejuvenating green technology and green growth., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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49. Global 30-day morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer: GRACE study.
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Abouelazayem M, Jain R, Wilson MSJ, Martinino A, Balasubaramaniam V, Biffl W, Coccolini F, Riera M, Wadhawan H, Wazir I, Abderaouf B, Abramov D, Abu Jayyab MA, Al-Shami K, Alfarwan A, Alhajami FM, Alkaseek A, Alozairi O, Ammar AS, Atar B, Baatarjav GE, Bains L, Bakri A, Bayramov N, Bhojwani R, Brachini G, Calini G, Campanelli M, Cheng SY, Choudhary CS, Chowdhury S, Colak E, Das JK, Dawani S, Dönmez T, Elzayat I, Erdene S, Faizi TQ, Frountzas M, Gafsi B, Gentileschi P, Guler M, Gupta G, Harkati NE, Harris M, Hasan DM, Irowa OO, Jafferi S, Jain SA, Jun Han L, Kandiboyina SM, Karabulut M, Khamees A, Khan S, Khan MM, Khaw CJ, Kisielewski M, Klib M, Košir JA, Krawczyk WJ, Lisi G, Makama JG, Maqbool B, Marques CN, Meric S, Mietła MP, Ads AM, Muhumuza J, Mulita F, Mustafayeva M, Omar MA, Omarov T, Pathak AA, Paul R, Pavone G, Podda M, Raja Ram NK, Rauf F, Rauf S, Safy AM, Sandag E, Şanlı AN, Siddiqui AZ, Sotiropoulou M, Talib V, Tatar C, Thota A, Tokocin M, Tolat A, Uchikov PA, Valenzuela JI, Venkatappa SK, Verras GI, Vlahović I, Zreeg DAS, Cardoso VR, Gkoutos GV, Singhal R, and Mahawar K
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications mortality, Postoperative Complications etiology, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Global Health, Risk Factors, Peptic Ulcer Perforation surgery, Peptic Ulcer Perforation mortality
- Abstract
Background: There is little international data on morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). This study aimed to understand the global 30-day morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing surgery for PPU and to identify variables associated with these., Method: We performed an international study of adults (≥ 18 years) who underwent surgery for PPU from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Patients who were treated conservatively or had an underlying gastric cancer were excluded. Patients were divided into subgroups according to age (≤ 50 and > 50 years) and time from onset of symptoms to hospital presentation (≤ 24 and > 24 h). Univariate and Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with higher 30-day morbidity and mortality., Results: 1874 patients from 159 centres across 52 countries were included. 78.3% (n = 1467) of the patients were males and the median (IQR) age was 49 years (25). Thirty-day morbidity and mortality were 48.5% (n = 910) and 9.3% (n = 174) respectively. Median (IQR) hospital stay was 7 (5) days. Open surgery was performed in 80% (n = 1505) of the cohort. Age > 50 years [(OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2), (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 3.1-7.6)], female gender [(OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3), (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.9)], shock on admission [(OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.7), (OR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.2-7.1)], and acute kidney injury [(OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.2), (OR = 3.9), 95% CI 2.7-5.6)] were associated with both 30-day morbidity and mortality. Delayed presentation was associated with 30-day morbidity [OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6], but not mortality., Conclusions: This study showed that surgery for PPU was associated with high 30-day morbidity and mortality rate. Age, female gender, and signs of shock at presentation were associated with both 30-day morbidity and mortality., (© 2024. Crown.)
- Published
- 2024
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50. Determining female-specific high-intensity activity GPS thresholds in women's rugby union: Use of current use of male-derived absolute speed thresholds underestimates true levels.
- Author
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Bradley E, Roberts J, and Archer D
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Football physiology, Adult, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Geographic Information Systems, Running physiology, Athletic Performance physiology
- Abstract
GPS speed thresholds in women's rugby union are usually based on data derived from the men's game. However, evidence suggests the maximum speeds achieved by female players are 2-8 km.h
-1 slower and the volume of high-intensity running (HIR) in women's rugby may be underestimated. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of adjusting absolute thresholds on the volume of high-intensity locomotion. GPS units recorded movement data from 58 players across 18 English Premier15 s matches. Distance in HIR and sprint (Spr) zones were calculated using male-derived criteria: AbsMale (HIR >18 km.h-1 ; Spr ≥21 km.h-1 ). Two alternative thresholds were compared: AbsFVmax (HIR >16 km.h-1 ; Spr ≥19 km.h-1 ); AbsFemale (HIR >14 km.h-1 ; Spr ≥17 km.h-1 ). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and effect sizes to determine differences in distances between thresholds. AbsMale HIR and Spr distances were 63 ± 71 m and 30 ± 53 m. Significantly greater distances at higher-intensity speeds were observed with female-adjusted thresholds. AbsFVmax : HIR: 139 ± 116 m (p = 0.01, ES 0.80); Spr: 60 ± 90 m (p = 0.131, ES 0.41) and AbsFemale : HIR: 239 ± 157 m (p < 0.01, ES 1.45); Spr: 137 ± 152 m (p < 0.01, ES 0.94). 24 players (41%) achieved speeds greater than the 21 km·h-1 threshold with the male-derived thresholds. At AbsFVmax threshold this increased to 44 (76%) and 100% at the AbsFemale threshold. Existing male-derived thresholds appear to underestimate high-intensity locomotion of female players. With adjusted thresholds, specifically the AbsFemale , the proportional volume of high-intensity activity in the women's game (8.2% total distance) aligns more closely to that observed during men's match-play., (© 2024 The Author(s). European Journal of Sport Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European College of Sport Science.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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